Photo by Pravo.Ru
Is it possible to compensate for the damage caused by setting the car on fire from the owner of the parking lot, if there is no contract with him, and the receipts burned down along with the car? The appeal decided that this was impossible without the presentation of documents, but the Supreme Court corrected it. He demonstrated a tough approach to the distribution of the burden of proof, which will make life difficult for paid parking, the expert comments.
If a parked car is damaged, does the car park owner have to compensate for it? Everything depends on the legal qualification of the relationship, the Supreme Court decided in the case of Irina Soshenko * from Kaliningrad. She sued the owner of her parking lot, OOO Skam, and demanded to pay her 525,910 rubles. - the cost of the car, which she lost as a result of arson by unknown persons.
According to Pavel Khlyustov, attorney, partner of KA "Barshchevsky and Partners", there is no universal rule that makes it possible to distinguish between when the territory is a parking lot, and when it is a parking lot, the court must decide this issue in each specific case. According to Chermen Dzotov, founder of the service for the selection of highly specialized lawyers "Let's Find a Lawyer" Such conflicts between parking lot owners and car owners are not uncommon. The rules for the provision of parking services, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on November 17, 2001, stipulate that the owner of the parking lot is responsible for storing cars and other vehicles, unless otherwise specified in the contract. "But there are practically no such cases - no sensible driver or car owner will draw up such an agreement. Therefore, the court usually makes decisions in favor of the plaintiffs-car owners who file claims against the owners of parking lots," Dzotov said.
At the same time, parking lot owners use a number of tricks to evade responsibility. So, for example, they may not prescribe in the contract liability for theft from the parking lot of a car or its components, radio tape recorders and other types of property. "Therefore, it is necessary to carefully read the contract signed with the representatives of the parking lot. If the above points are missing, insist on signing them," the lawyer advises.
Often, drivers violate traffic rules out of ignorance of the differences between parking and parking. This threatens with a fine, and with systematic warnings, even administrative liability is possible. This is especially true in some countries where the vehicle can only be parked in the places designated for this. Violation of the rules can lead to deportation, followed by a ban on entry into the given state.
Definition
Parking is a place where any vehicle can be rendered inoperative and left for a short time. A special feature is the ability to stop the car for free.
Parking- this is a place where the car owner can leave his vehicle for a long time and, for a certain fee, transfer responsibility for the safety of the car to the parking employee. Also, this concept applies to garages and closed structures.
Comparison of parking and parking
What is the difference between parking and parking? First of all, it is a fee. Parking usually does not require payment, it can be carried out near shops, hospitals and bus stops. But the car should not be stationary for a long time. As a rule, this concept refers to taxis, buses and minibuses. But an ordinary car can also park near a certain place to drop off passengers. Parking, on the other hand, allows you to leave the car for a long time. For this, there are special places near shopping centers, hospitals and catering places. In this case, you will not have to pay for parking either. But the car will not be guarded either.
Another option for parking and parking is a paid guarded territory. The driver pays the dispatcher for a certain time for which he needs to leave the car. Only the territory is guarded in the parking lot, but the dispatcher will not bear responsibility for each transport. This also applies to property inside the car.
It's different in the parking lot. For a fee, the guard takes responsibility for the safety of the car and the property inside it. In the event of theft or theft of the car, the parking employee will be responsible. But this happens extremely rarely due to the closed territory and the access system. And not everyone can afford expensive parking.
Another feature is that parking can only be carried out in strictly designated areas. Violation of this rule, that is, stopping transport under a prohibitory sign, threatens a good fine. Short-term parking does not require special places. If the engine is running and the driver is inside the car, then he is allowed to stop for a short time at almost any place.
The difference between parking and parking is as follows:
- Parking can be carried out free of charge for a short amount of time.
- You can park near stops for disembarking passengers, and this is not considered a traffic violation.
- The car is not guarded in long-term parking. No one is responsible for the safety of either the appearance of the car or the property in the cabin.
- The parking lot is more expensive, but the car is completely safe on it, including the property in the cabin.
- Parking can only be carried out in designated areas. Violation of this rule can result in a serious fine. This is worth paying attention to people who travel by car abroad.
- The parking lot can be in the form of a garage or a covered area, which will save the car from atmospheric precipitation.
"Tell me who your friend is and I will tell you who you are."
The truth you can't argue with.
But knowledgeable people say that you can better recognize a person by how he parks.
Where is parking allowed and where is it prohibited? Crib.
Parking rules
| You can park | Can't park |
|---|---|
| 5 meters from the pedestrian crossing | Closer than 5 meters to the pedestrian crossing |
| 5 meters from the edge of the intersected carriageway | In those places where a stop or parking will block traffic signals for other drivers |
| 15 meters from public transport stops | Closer than 15 meters from public transport stops |
| 50 meters from the railway crossing | Closer than 50 meters from a railway crossing |
| One row parallel to the edge of the carriageway | At level crossings and tunnels |
| Long-term parking in those places that are indicated by signs 7.10 and 7.11 | In those places that are indicated by signs 3.27 and 3.28 |
| Parking at the edge of the sidewalk with sign 6.4 and one of the special signs | On the carriageway if visibility is limited |
| At the very edge of the carriageway or on the side of the road, if there are no prohibition signs | At the intersection of carriageways |
| In two rows at the edge of the carriageway if you have a two-wheeled vehicle | On tram tracks |
| On even and odd days of the month if there are corresponding road signs 3.29 and 3.30 | On even and odd days of the month in the presence of prohibitory road signs 3.29 or 3.30 |
| Outside settlements in those areas that are marked with sign 2.1 |
In general, parking issues are very popular in Russia, because sometimes driving a car is not much cheaper than parking it. But seriously, parking a car at first glance seems like a trifle, but everything is a little more complicated. Firstly, the parking of a vehicle is clearly regulated by the Rules of the Road. Secondly, different cities and regions may have their own parking nuances. And, thirdly, there are unspoken rules, not to follow which means not to respect either yourself, or fellow motorists, or pedestrians, or law enforcement officers, or even the cat who is used to bask in the place under which the heating main is laid.
Incorrect parking fines
| Article | Penalty for regions | Penalty for Moscow and St. Petersburg | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12.19 h. 1 | Violation of the rules for stopping or parking the vehicle, except for the cases provided for in part 1 of article 12.10 of the Administrative Code and parts 2 - 6 of this article | Warning or fine 500 rubles. | RUB 2500 |
| 12.19 h. 2 | Violation of the rules for stopping or parking a vehicle in places designated for stopping or parking a vehicle for disabled persons | from 3000 to 5000 rubles | |
| 12.19 h. 3 | Stopping or parking a vehicle at a pedestrian crossing and closer than 5 meters in front of it, except for a forced stop and the case provided for in part 6 of this article, or violation of the rules for stopping or parking a vehicle on the sidewalk, except for the case provided for in part 6 of this article | RUB 1000 | RUB 3000 |
| 12.19 h. 3.1 | Stopping or parking of the vehicle at the stopping places of route vehicles or closer than 15 meters from the stopping places of route vehicles, with the exception of stopping for embarking or disembarking passengers, a forced stop and the cases provided for in parts 4 and 6 of this article | RUB 1000 | RUB 3000 |
| 12.19 h 3.2 | Stopping or parking a vehicle on tram tracks or stopping or parking a vehicle further than the first row from the edge of the carriageway, except for a forced stop and in cases provided for in parts 4 and 6 of this article | RUB 1,500 | RUB 3000 |
| 12.19 h. 4 | Violation of the rules for stopping or parking a vehicle on the carriageway, resulting in the creation of obstacles to the movement of other vehicles, as well as stopping or parking a vehicle in a tunnel, except for the case provided for in part 6 of this article | 2000 RUB | RUB 3000 |
| vehicle arrest | |||
| 12.19 h. 5 | Violation provided for in part 1 of this article, committed in Moscow or St. Petersburg | RUB 2500 | |
| 12.19 h. 6 | Violations provided for in parts 3 - 4 of this article, committed in a federal city of Moscow or St. Petersburg | RUB 3000 | |
Alas, Moscow cannot boast of such a parking procedure.
Photo masterok.livejournal.com
Remember a simple axiom - only a tank driver is not required to be able to park his vehicle. For everyone else, parking rules are spelled out in the traffic rules.
Stopping or parking?
Obeying the fashion for Western terminology and the ubiquitous Anglicisms, we will not abandon such a concept as "parking". But in our legislative framework, another term appears - "parking"... And if the drivers have long figured out the difference between "inspection" and "inspection" of a vehicle, then they often have difficulties with the definition of "parking" and "stopping".
A stop is a pause in the course, a stop is a stop for 5 or more minutes.
Photo mashinapro.ru
So, a stop is, in simple terms, a cessation of movement lasting no more than 5 minutes.
However, the rules do not limit drivers to five minutes if this time is not enough for them to disembark / pick up passengers or load / unload. But if a vehicle costs more than 5 minutes, and this has nothing to do with either passengers or cargo, then this is already a parking lot.
Parking rules for one and all
First, let's figure out why you should park correctly. Quite often, novice drivers and seasoned steering wheel drivers feel that it doesn't really matter where the car is parked. But, having properly parked your vehicle, you, firstly, will reduce your chances of meeting and communicating with all of our beloved traffic police inspectors and such troubles as a fine.
Someone parks as they want ...
Photo huffpost.com
Secondly, competent parking will protect your car from troubles, such as a traffic accident without movement or mechanical damage caused by particularly disgruntled pedestrians who are defending their rights using radical methods.
And some - as they can.
Photo drive2.ru
By the way, about the accident.
If your car was not parked according to the rules and became a participant in a traffic accident, then all the fault and administrative responsibility inevitably and automatically falls on you.
Where can I park?
The current Road Traffic Regulations say where you can park and where you can't. From clause 12.1, you can learn that parking can be arranged on the side of the road to the right of the road or at the edge of the carriageway. If you still want to park on the left, then this can only be done on roads with one lane in each direction and without tram tracks.
It is the violation of the parking rules that is the reason for the difficulties with parking in Moscow.
Photo auto.vesti.ru
But the union of a parked car and a sidewalk is discussed in section 12.2. If you travel by bicycle, moped, motorcycle and car, then you have every right to park your vehicle in the places that are marked with a parking sign ...
... and one of the signs below (here's the answer to the frequently asked question - is it possible to park on the sidewalk).
In all other cases, you will have to park at your own peril and risk. And, of course, conscience.
Where you can't park
No matter how we treat prohibitive signs, ignoring them is often more expensive for us.Parking is prohibited if the following sign looms on the horizon.
The action of the “No parking” sign extends from the place where the sign is installed to the nearest intersection behind it, and in settlements in the absence of an intersection - to the end of the settlement.
At the same time, variations of this sign can be observed on the streets of Russian cities.
Parking is prohibited on odd days of the month
No parking on even days of the month
But there are also more general rules.
For example, under no circumstances will you be able to legally park your car on the sidewalk if it is a truck. In addition, parking is prohibited in those places where stopping is not allowed, which is quite logical.
It is also prohibited to park a vehicle on the roadway outside the settlement, which is marked with the sign "Main road".
Do not forget that it is strictly forbidden to organize parking closer than 50 meters from railway crossings.
Interesting
The sign "Pedestrian path" prohibits traffic for cars, but nothing is said about parking on the path for pedestrians and cyclists. Yes, a fine of 2 thousand rubles. you will have to pay, because it is impossible to get into the forbidden territory without traffic. However, according to the Code of Administrative Offenses, the traffic police have no right to evacuate your car to the penalty area from the pedestrian path. Many Muscovites, those who have more money, take advantage of this flaw in the Code, and habitually park their four-wheeled "horses" on the tracks intended for "two-legged".
How much does illegal parking cost?
Municipal authorities are constantly increasing parking penalties where parking is prohibited. At the same time, there is a certain gradation of fines depending on the region or city. For example, in Moscow and St. Petersburg the penalties are higher than in other Russian cities.Yard parking rules: it's good where we are not
It should be recognized that the rules for parking in courtyards and in adjoining territories have not yet been unambiguously defined at the legislative level. And it would be worth it, because, for example, Moscow courtyards more and more resemble a zone of high voltage that arises between residents. However, there is a set of general rules that any driver must follow.
It is strictly forbidden to park the car on the lawns. The regulation on "green zones" is not spelled out in the traffic rules, but such parking violates another set of rules - the rules for the improvement of the city. In addition, you must not block the passage that impedes the movement of other vehicles and pedestrians. Sidewalks in the courtyards are also a taboo zone for car owners.
Sometimes there is a "parking lot" in the courtyards
Photo zyalt.livejournal.com
If we talk about some clear instructions, then parking a car is prohibited closer than 10 meters from the doors, whether it be the doors of a store or an entrance, and also no closer than 5 meters from garbage containers.
In London, a car owner can buy a parking right near the house or in the yard for £ 100 a year. For all other parking spaces, Londoners pay £ 4 per hour and can stay in this place for a maximum of four hours.
With regard to other prohibitions, a car with a running engine cannot be parked in courtyards. Remember - no more than 4 minutes 59 seconds. This rule is worth considering for motorists who warm up the engine before leaving during the winter months.
And, of course, trucks with a permissible maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons are completely discriminated against in the yard.
Parking rules in Moscow
A city can be considered the one that has reached the highest level of motorization if there are 300 to 400 cars per 1,000 inhabitants. In 2013 Moscow in the list of the most motorized cities took second place- 380 cars per “killer” of the population. Hence, you get 127 hours a year, which a Moscow driver spends on fighting traffic jams.
Free parking is a luxury for Moscow
Photo auto.mail.ru
So that's it. As soon as the city reaches a high level of motorization, it automatically waives the "free parking" regulation. This is the answer to the question why parking in Moscow has become paid. We must not forget about the convenience of pedestrians, the priority of public transport and moving vehicles. Parked cars that simply take up public space are at the very bottom of the priority table. In other words, if you want to stand, pay. This is exactly what is said on the pages of the project, which is designed to cope with the problem of "chaotic parking" on the capital's streets.
Parking rules in the center of Moscow are simple to banality - the car can be left wherever it is not prohibited by the rules or the corresponding road signs. If you do not follow this norm, then be sure to fill up the statistics of evacuees for improper parking of a car - about 1300 rubles per day.
You can pay for parking through the parking meter
Photo torange.ru
Most shopping centers in Moscow provide free parking spaces, but there are some (they are located inside the Third Transport Ring), where only the first hours of parking are free. There are also small parking tricks: you can leave your car in the parking lot of the Moscow Hotel if you buy at least something in one of the many local boutiques.
Subtleties of the question
You under no circumstances have the right to trample the grass on the lawn with the tires of your car. Here, however, the amount of the administrative fine for this is different everywhere, because these fines are established by local governments.If you parked your car, but at the same time only drove a little on a curbstone, then law enforcement officers will unequivocally regard this as a full-fledged parking on the sidewalk. For the convenience of one wheel - a fine and evacuation of the "steel horse" to the "penalty stable".
Imagine leaving your car on the sidewalk. According to current legislation, you can be fined two minimum wages for violating the rules of parking or stopping on the sidewalk, which resulted in the creation of obstacles to the movement of pedestrians. But the fact of creating obstacles still needs to be proved. And there is no fact, no corpus delicti. However, obedience to the law should be at the forefront of all such situations.
Today, traffic cops use devices called "Parkon", which independently identify and record violations of parking rules. After that, the drivers receive “letters of happiness”. So do not rely on chance and beware of the newfangled gadgets that law enforcement officers are armed with.
If you want to know what kind of person - look how he parks the car!
Photo fedpress.ru
In order not to lose money (fines, payment for evacuation and storage in the parking lot), time and nerve cells, try to get along with this capricious lady, whose name is "Parking". Remember the patience of the legendary Noah, who searched for parking on his ark full of passengers until he found it near the majestic Ararat. Respect the law, pedestrians, and your fellow drivers, and you'll always find a parking spot in the sun.
The vast majority of car owners every day are faced with clogged entrances and exits from yards, the inability to park near a store or institution, any trip around the city requires a place where you can park a car for a while.
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In modern cities, special areas for parking vehicles are being set up for this - parking lots or parking lots are often built.
Views
There are several ways to arrange parking spaces, each with their own pros and cons.
The most common are:
- parallel to the edge of the road;
- perpendicular (at an angle of 90 degrees);
- herringbone (at an angle of 45 degrees).
Let's consider these types of parking in more detail:
- Parking space at 45 degrees. The markings are made at an angle of 45 degrees to the roadway. Such a parking lot is convenient to use, the passages between the rows of cars can be made a little narrower than usual, since it is much more convenient to leave the parking space at a smooth angle and the car requires less room for maneuver. Photo 1. Marking of the parking lot at an angle of 45 degrees:
Marking not at right angles to the driveway makes it easier to maneuver the car when entering / exiting, entering and leaving the parking lot becomes more convenient and faster, and the likelihood of traffic jams is reduced.
- Parking space at an angle of 90 degrees. Such parking spaces require great skill from the driver, since it is much more difficult to park the car and leave the parking lot than with an oblique angle, more space is needed to maneuver. Photo 2. Marking of the parking lot at an angle of 90 degrees (perpendicular to the driveway):
The arrangement of vehicles at right angles to the carriageway, which is organized in the form of a narrow lane in front of the building, creates a danger for both passing vehicles and cars leaving the parking lot, as they enter the carriageway directly from the parking space. At the same time, this capacity is greater than any other.
- Parallel arrangement. Most often, such parking spaces are found along the roadway near sidewalks. If the cars are close to each other, then it is rather difficult to park or leave the parking lot. Photo 3. Parallel parking:
So, for example, when marking a parking lot at an angle of 45 degrees, the required area for one car space is almost one and a half times more than with a transverse marking, and the occupancy of cars in a hundred-meter lane is almost thirty percent lower.
Any parking lot should provide the ability to freely enter the parking space, therefore, for example, if a narrow passage between the markings is used, then it makes sense to increase its length.
Table. Parking lanes for cars.
Regulatory requirements for the size of the parking space
It is recommended to place parking spaces for persons with disabilities near the entrance to the parking lot, on the one hand, this will save space, and on the other hand, it will allow persons with disabilities to park closer to the exit for the convenience of their movement.Usually, parking spaces for people with disabilities are located within fifty meters from institutions (clinics, social services and other institutions where there is a high probability of the appearance of persons with disabilities).
Such places are marked with special road signs, usually 10-20% of all parking spaces are allocated for them. The width of the parking space for the disabled must be at least three and a half meters for the convenience of passengers and drivers.
For trucks
The practice of organizing parking lots and parking lots shows that it is inexpedient to allocate space for heavy trucks in the parking lot of passenger cars. Photo 5. An example of the location of a parking lot for trucks:
Usually, separate parking lots are equipped for them, taking into account the following conditions:
- the possibility of through passage through the entire parking lot must be created;
- it is imperative to apply markings that allow you to go in reverse;
- the arrangement of the distances between the rows should be as much as possible so that nothing prevents heavy and bulky vehicles from turning into or leaving the parking space.
Basic rules and types of markup
Among the basic rules for applying markings in parking lots, it is necessary to highlight the following:
- Be sure to take into account the dimensions of any vehicle brand.
- A person must move freely between two cars from adjacent rows, standing with open doors.
- It must be borne in mind that not all drivers are experts in their field, there are many newbies behind the wheel, not everyone knows how to park correctly, therefore, when applying markings, this factor must be taken into account as well as the need to maneuver when entering and leaving the parking lot.
In addition to the basic rules, there are also so-called minor ones, which must also be taken into account when arranging a parking lot:
- The thickness of the marking lines should be clearly visible both during the day and at night; in recent years, more and more parking lots are marked with reflective paint.
- Fences, pedestals, columns and other elements should not interfere with vehicles and should in no way reduce the minimum size of a parking space.
- The markings must be applied in strict accordance with the standards.
According to GOST standards, the following requirements must be met:
- the width of the passage between the rows of parking spaces must be at least six meters;
- deviation from standard marking lines should not be more than five centimeters;
- when updating marking lines, old, half-erased lines should either be removed, or new lines should be drawn strictly according to the old ones, so that some do not duplicate others;
- markings should be applied only in the warm season in dry weather;
- marking lines in width should not be thicker than ten centimeters;
- marking lines must be updated every six months; in the absence of such an opportunity, it is better to use cold plastic for marking.
Parking markings according to GOST
Any parking lot requires correct, standards-compliant markings, both to optimize the use of parking spaces and to ensure the safe movement of vehicles in the parking lot.
All markings must be made taking into account the requirements of GOST:
- Parking lots are marked with paint, thermoplastic, reflective coatings, polymer tapes.
- After updating the markup, the old lines should not be visible anywhere.
The marking process should take place in several stages:
- Determination of the size of parking spaces and the width of the driveways. For the calculation, it is necessary to take into account some actions of both vehicles and citizens in it: the car must freely enter the parking space, then the driver must open the door and get out of the car without hitting neighboring cars. If the width of the parking spaces is not calculated correctly, various incidents will constantly occur in the parking lot.
- As mentioned above, during the drawing of the marking lines, the air temperature must be at least 20 degrees. For the longevity of the marking, it is advisable to use a modern marking material - cold plastic.
- According to the regulations, the width of the marking lines in the parking lot should not exceed ten centimeters, the width of the driveways should not be less than six meters, and the parking space itself should not be already 2.3 meters. Parking spaces for disabled people should not be less than three and a half meters wide.
Dimensions according to GOST markup stencil for disabled people
In any parking lot, places for disabled people must be allocated, which are indicated by a special sign on the asphalt. Using a special stencil in accordance with (Appendix A) "Technical means ...", the markings are applied in yellow and black paint.
In addition to marking, parking spaces for disabled people in accordance with (clause 2.8.21) must be marked with a “Disabled” sign, which is used in conjunction with the “Parking place” sign.
This is necessary to indicate to other motorists that this space is intended only for parking vehicles driven or used by disabled people.
The dimensions according to GOST of the "Parking" sign are slightly larger than the "Disabled" signs, so they are located as follows: a sign is attached at the top notifying that there is a parking lot for cars in this area, and below - a sign specifying that the places are only for citizens with privileges when using the parking lot.
Photo 6. An example of the location of road signs announcing a parking place for disabled people.
On the territory of each institution, special parking spaces for people with disabilities are required for equipment, all of them must be completed in accordance with state standards.
At the same time, an important condition for such parking lots is an increase in the standard width of a parking space to at least three and a half meters.
This size of the parking width will allow people in a wheelchair to easily move between the rows of vehicles, without creating problems for themselves or others.
Dimensions of parking markings in the courtyard of an apartment building
Before equipping, you need to decide exactly where it will be located.
According to the rules for arranging parking lots in courtyards, they should not:
- obstruct the movement of other vehicles and pedestrians;
- create inconvenience to residents of the first floors.
In accordance with these rules, several normative values are provided for arranging a courtyard parking lot:
- parking should be located at least ten meters from the windows of houses;
- for parking lots more than ten cars - no closer than fifteen meters;
- for a parking lot for 50 or more cars - no closer than fifty meters;
- the arrangement of parking lots with a capacity of more than one hundred vehicles requires the development of special project documentation.
The dimensions of parking spaces for parking in the local area must correspond to the year and be the standard size for all parking lots: for one car, at least 5.3 and not more than 6.2 meters in length and at least 2.3 and not more than 3.6 meters width.
In such parking lots, it is also mandatory to allocate parking spaces for disabled people, while the minimum width of parking spaces intended for disabled people must be at least 5.3 meters.
Parking in courtyards will only be permitted if all the required signs and markings are present.
To do this, first of all, a place is selected, then it is agreed with the housing and communal services and the number of cars that can fit on the selected site is calculated.
To calculate the number of parking spaces, answers to the following questions are required:
- How is car parking planned (transverse, herringbone, etc.).
- For what types of vehicles the parking lot is intended (in the courtyards of houses it is usually light vehicles).
- It is planned to build a covered or open parking lot, whether it is planned to install a fence.
- What is the planned distance from the parking lot to residential buildings.
Parking spaces must be marked with special paint, thermal paint, cold plastic or polymer tape.
It should be borne in mind that parking spaces near apartment buildings are the common property of residents, so it will not be possible to build a parking lot for a separate group of citizens without a common opinion of all neighbors. Photo 7. An example of arranging parking spaces in the courtyard of a residential building:
When asked about parking lots, any car owner will immediately say that they play a huge role in making the life of drivers easier, especially in large metropolitan areas. Without them, the drivers would have had a hard time - there is nowhere to park the car, all roadsides are clogged with vehicles parked somehow.
Need for temporary parking... Such a need exists in cities and on highways. It is especially large in administrative centers, the area of trade, cultural and educational institutions, as well as near transport hubs and large residential buildings. On highways, there is a need for temporary parking, regardless of the location of the listed objects of gravity, but associated with the need for drivers to rest, inspect vehicles, etc.
Classification of temporary sites... Temporary parking in cities is divided into street parking, that is, when parking is allowed directly on the carriageway, and off-street, that is, remote from the carriageway. Street parking is sometimes also called near-sidewalk, since according to the Traffic Rules, standing cars should generally be located directly near the curb of the sidewalk (in certain cases, it is allowed to place cars on the edge of the sidewalk). The way cars are parked can be determined by marking lines and additional plates 7.6.1–7.6.9 to sign 5.15.
Off-street parking can be arranged in open areas, on the roofs of buildings, in special parking garages of one- or multi-storey type. Aboveground and underground parking garages are being built. Multi-storey parking garages, depending on the way cars are moved in them, are divided into ramp and mechanized ones. In ramp garages, cars move under their own power, and in mechanized ones - with the help of special elevators or conveyors. The need for multi-storey parking garages arises, first of all, in those places where it is impossible to allocate sufficient space for the arrangement of a parking lot, which is typical for the central business districts of large cities.
Foreign data show that in large cities with a high level of motorization, the overwhelming number of temporary parking spaces is provided by off-street parking. All temporary parking can be paid or free. Charging fees, usually based on the length of time a car is parked, not only recovers construction and maintenance costs, but experience has shown that owners can make better use of the parking space. In this regard, parking lots have become very widespread in the most confined central quarters of many foreign cities, where each place is equipped with a special parking meter for individual or collective use.
Temporary parking near highways is usually organized in open areas, since under these conditions there is usually no need to place a large number of cars in one place. At the same time, it is important to ensure sufficient frequency of parking spaces.
According to the mode of operation, parking lots are subdivided: 1 - with unlimited working time; 2 - limiting the duration of the car's stay; 3 - with limited (within a day) working time. Parking lots of the 2nd type are used in areas heavily loaded with traffic and confined conditions, which makes it possible, with a limited number of places, to serve a larger number of car owners. A typical example is the introduction in a number of Western countries of the so-called "blue zone" for street parking in a certain part of the city. The duration of stay in the parking lot in this zone should not exceed 1.5 hours. This practically excludes the possibility of using street parking in these zones by persons arriving to work, that is, it excludes labor trips that cause the longest stay of cars in temporary parking lots. To control the duration of parking in areas with a limited time spent on the car, a cardboard dial with movable hands is installed, on which the owner must indicate the time of arrival.
Parking mode of the 3rd type is introduced on separate streets, the throughput of which is insufficient at peak times when there are parked cars. It can also be introduced at certain hours in connection with the need to perform special loading and unloading operations, cleaning the streets or the parking areas themselves. The same regime can be applied to off-street parking lots (for example, located near administrative and cultural centers) in order to prevent their transformation into a place of permanent storage of personal cars. A diagram showing the main classification features of temporary parking lots intended for parking cars is shown in Fig. 9.8
Determining the size of parking lots... When determining the required parking area, one should proceed from the level of motorization in the region of the prevailing type of cars for which it is calculated, the capacity of the serviced attraction object and the expected average duration of stay of cars in the parking lot during the period of intense demand. The area of one seat is usually taken as 20-25 m2 for cars and 40-85 m2 for trucks and buses.
The length of stay of cars depends primarily on the nature of the object served and the purpose of the trip. The following typical purposes of travel can be named: to work (study); service and business (during working hours); cultural and household, excursion and tourist, etc. The smallest duration of a one-time parking is observed during business trips and visiting trade and household enterprises. The duration of the stay of the car in such parking lots does not exceed 1 - 1.5 hours. The time spent in the parking lot at the entertainment enterprises is determined by the duration of the performance. The longest time a car is parked when commuting to work is determined by the length of the working day. Studies show that the length of time a car stays in almost all types of parking lots is significantly influenced by the size of a city. In the largest cities, in comparison with small ones, the parking time is approximately doubled.
SNiP 2.07.01–89 * contains standards that are intended for urban planning and can be used to justify operational measures for the organization of temporary parking. The norms are designed for the level of motorization up to 250 vehicles / 1000 people, and at higher values they should be increased.
Separate areas or sidewalk areas should be allocated for taxi cars in places where there are reserves of capacity.
