In the proposed design of the self-made six-wheel drive of amphibian - the layout of the pneuma is quite worked and is designed for the maximum use of standard nodes. The machine has an attractive appearance, its equipment maximally takes into account the requirements of the traffic police presented to vehicles. True, such all-terrain vessels do not apply to the requirements of the traffic police presented for homemade vehicles, therefore they do not register. However, they are allowed to exploit them by setting certain routes and time to exit such machines from the city.
Fig.1. The appearance of a six-wheel departure of amphibian made by their own hands.
The basis of the all-terrain vehicle is open from above the body of a boxed form. The vertical sides of the plywood with a thickness of 7 mm, on the upper edge of the sides are attached wings forming a single plane, a small bevel is made ahead. In terms of the case of a rectangular shape with a somewhat narrowed front part. The body is separated by vertical transverse partitions; Ahead of the trunk, then in the expanding part of the cab with the steering wheel and the driver's seat, behind it on the sides of the two boxes that serve as seats for passengers.
Fig.2. Three-axle all-terrain vehicle on low pressure pneumatics. Viyakina:
1 - Support front bridge, 2 - bumper, 3 - steering device, 4 - rear wheel balancing, 5 - chain transmission to the rear wheel, 6 - fuel tank, 7 - footboard, 8 - wheels disk. 9 - Wheels, 10 - Front Axle, 11 - Camera, 12 - valve, 13 - Taking out the rim, 14 - Tree wheel of the rear axle.
The next compartment is the transmission office. By the way, the transmission is covered with a horizontal lid located on the same level with passenger seats.
Fig.3. The case of the all-terrain vehicle:
1 - trunk, 2 - windshield, 3 - driver seat, 4 - box, 5 - place for passengers and baggage, 6 - window, tightened by rubberized cloth, 7 - engine casing, 8 - mud shields, 9 - board, 10 - Side spars of the power frame of the engine and transmission, 11 niche of the rear wheel balancing, 12 - a niche of the front axle.
And the last compartment is a power, closed with a horizontal lid, somewhat raised over the seats in which the engine is mounted. On the lid there is an additional boxed casing under the engine. The lids of drawers, transmissions and the engine hood leaf out on the loop, which provides convenient access to units.
Fig. 4. Rama under the engine and transmission:
1 - Middle spars (corner of 40 x 40 mm), 2 - crossbars (square pipe 40 x 40 mm), 3 - onboard spars (corner 40 x 40 mm), 4 - crossbar (corner 30 x30 mm), 5 - Bracket Support Balancer (40 x40 mm corner).
Wings, partitions, covers - plywood connected to the body of duraluminum corners, floor - from a duraluminum sheet, a duralumin corner is ridiculed from the bottom for rigidity. In the front of the body under the trunk partition, a small transverse niche under the front axle is made. In the back of the body under the seats boxes and further to the engine compartment, on both sides, are longitudinal niches under the rear wheel balancers. By the way, the rear wheels are as close as possible to each other, the front is treated somewhat forward - the rotation radius of the all-terrain is depends on this distance.
Over the wings in the front of the body, the windshield and two side windows are obliteled. Under the wings between the rear wheels on both sides, gas tanks are mounted, the cross section of which has the shape of a narrowing trapezium. Over all wheels in horizontal parts of the wings, rectangular cuts are made, closed with a rubberized cloth: when driving on the obstacle, it allows the wheels to rise above the wings level and not to penetrate them.
Transmission engine and aggregates Mounted on the frame, which is a single whole with the body. It consists of four spars from the steel corners of 40x40 mm and across the steel pipes of the square cross section. Outside on the sides there are small brackets from an angle of 40 x 40 mm for attaching the rear wheel balancing supports. Everywhere, where it is possible, the shelves of the corners of the longitudinal spars are curved to reduce the mass and the holes are inserted into them.
Fig.5. Engine and transmission location:
1 - Elastic coupling, 2 - medium spar, 3 - crossbar, 4 - onboard spar, 5 - partition, 6 - Differential locking, 7 - Turning on Reverse Reducer, 8 - Reverse Reducer, 9 - Corner Reducer, 10 - Partition, 11 - Intermediate shaft, 12 - crossing for fastening support sparklers of an intermediate shaft, 13 - Transmission switch, 14 - air filter, 15 - Rear board, 16 - Generator, 17 - Engine, 18 - left side, 19 - silencer, 20 - Starter, 21 - battery, 22 - chain transmission to the rear wheels, 23 - rear wheel balancing support, 24 - rear wheel balancers, 25 - brake drum, 26 - chain transmission, 27 - Differential lock assembly.
Engine from Motocolus Szd Mounted in the back of the body on intermediate supports, which, in turn, through four damping rubber gaskets from the Moskvich engine are fixed on spars. The intermediate supports are also installed crossing with an intermediate asterisk connected by a vertical chain transmission with an outlet of the engine. An intermediate asterisk shaft through an intermediate roller with elastic clutches (elastic element is a disc from a flat driving belt with a thickness of 10 mm) is connected to an angular conical gearbox mounted on the cross. On the output shaft of the gearbox, an asterisk is installed, connected by a chain transmission with the input shaft of the main transmission (from a motorized), fixed on two crossings.
Fig.6. The kinematic scheme of the all-terrain vehicle. Latin letters marked:
z is the number of stars teeth, T is a step of the sleeve roller chains, B is the width of the sleeve roller chains.
The output shafts of the main transmission through the elastic couplings (from the same drive belt) are connected to intermediate shafts with asterisks transmitting via the chain transmission to the wheels. The output shafts of the main transmission, intermediate shafts and trimps of the balances are located coaxially, as shown in Figure 3. It can be seen that the trunks are fixed in the bearings on the bearings, the intermediate shaft bearings are pressed in the pin. The inner pin of the hollow, through it the intermediate shaft passes. At the inner ends of the intermediate shafts, brake drums from the wheels of the Tulitz scooter are mounted, on which gear crowns are installed; Through chain gears, they are connected to the rollers of the differential blocking mechanism. The latter is a sliding slotted sleeve connecting the rollers.
The axes of all transmission mechanisms are located almost in one plane. Chain gear tension: transmissions - using pads, gears to wheels - pressure screws.
All bearing nodes are protected from mud seals from the Volga car or have protective washers.
Front bridge allocation - from the steel pipe 0 60x3 mm, reinforced in the middle part to the tailoring of the same pipe. According to the axis of the simmetry of the bridge perpendicular to it, the horizontal axis is welded, the ends of which are fixed in the bearing supports installed in the front of the front part of the body. To the flattened ends of the pipes welded racks with pile and swivel pin from the Volga car. Rubber buffers installed on the edges of the niche limit the swing of the bridge in the vertical plane.
Fig.7. The front axle of amphibian departure made by their own hands.
SteeringJust require the rules of traffic police, factory manufacture, from motorcycle. The rack crankcase is installed under the body floor on the bracket, the steering wheel shaft is connected to the gear shaft through a cardan hinge, the second (top) of the steering shaft support is a ball bearing stripped on the bracket. Since the steering wheel is located in the plane of the body symmetry, the steering hinges on the rail are displaced in one direction and the thrust differ significantly in length, this leads to the fact that the swing of the crossing is accompanied by a noticeable leash of the nearby.
Fig. 8. Steering device and front bridge support:
1 - Front Bridge Support, 2 - Hinge Steering Tract, 3 - Rush Steering, 4 - Body Paul. 5 - Hinge, 6 - steering column, 7 - steering thrust.
Balances of rear wheels They are symmetric frames welded from two rectangular pipes of 40x 20 mm connected by crossings from the same pipes. The central support of the Balancir is rotated in the trough - bushings welded to the plates fixed on the frame. Supports of wheel shafts at the ends of balancing - similar design. The balancing frame is somewhat curved, the balancing pin is located on top, and the supports of the wheels of the wheels from the bottom, so the wheels of the wheels are below the hinges of balancing 180 mm. The rigidity of balancing is small, under load, they are somewhat deformed, as well as the engine frame and transmission, however, the presence of elastic couplings and the possibility of chain transmissions compensate for this deficiency.
Fig. 4. Transmission device:
1 - Chain Transmission, 2 - Balancir Rama, 3 - Tsarfa, 4 - Balancer support, 5 - Bracket, 6 - board, 7 - Main Transmission, 8 - Elastic Coupling, 9 - Brake Drum, 10 - Toggle Ray Chain Differential Lock Transmission , 11 - brake lever, 12 - intermediate shaft, 13 - shaft wheel.
Wheels of all pass Made from a wide-profile bus 1120 x 450 x380 chamber. Tubular rims, a central disk and lubricants for supporting horses are made of aluminum alloy. Lands are connected to rims with welding, with a disk - with the help of corners on rivets. Long-grades are cut, so the outer rim turned out to be taking away from the disk, it is attached to the bolts. The disc in the center of the central part is enhanced with a stuffed overlay, the hub is attached to bolts. The valves are transferred to the side surface, which allows the cameras to turn on rims. Leading and controlled wheels are interchangeable.
In the design of the all-terrain vehicle, several nodes were applied, which can be attributed to the hand. One of them is an angular gearbox. You can refuse it if you put the engine in the longitudinal direction. When assembling the transmission and installation of the engine, all parts of the attachments were made and fitted at the place. At the same time, all sorts of measures were used to reduce the size and mass of standard nodes; For example, the protrusions of the main transmission fastening, motocoles, made a small silencer for the engine.
Control systems.
The all-terrain control and the alarm system completely copy the automotive. Management actuators: throttle valve - cable, clutch and brakes - hydraulic, gear shift, turning on the reverse traction and handles located on board the all-terrain vehicle on the right of the driver; There is also mounted and the handle of the control of the differential blocking (through traction). All hydraulic cylinders - from the brakes of the front wheels of motocoles.
Power supply system Some differs from the accepted on a motorized: along the axis of the crankshaft and the engine fan installed on the four legs, the AC automobile generator connected to the crankshaft of the elastic coupling.
For heating windshield, warm air is supplied from the engine cylinder through the air intake and corrugated sleeve with two automotive fans - at the inlet and outlet.
Viyakin, Arkhangelsk region.
The prototype of the amphibian car was the airbag (WUA) called "Airrodzhip", the publication about which was in the journal. Like the previous apparatus, the new machine is single-engine, single with a distributed airflow. This model is also triple, with the location of the pilot and passengers on the T-shaped scheme: the pilot in front of the middle, and passengers - on the sides, behind. Although nothing interferes with the fourth passenger to settle behind the driver's back - the length of the seat and the power of the screw-engine unit is enough.
The new machine, except for improved technical characteristics, has a number of constructive features and even innovations that increase its reliability in operation and vitality - after all, amphibian - "Bird" waterfowl. And I call it the bird because it is still moving over the water, and it moves over the air.
Structurally, a new machine consists of four main parts: a fiberglass case, a pneumatic bullion, flexible fencing (skirt) and a screw-engine unit.
Leading a story about a new car, inevitably happened to be repeated - because the design is largely similar.
Amphibian housing It is identical to the prototype both in size and the design - fiberglass, double, volumetric, consists of inner and outer shells. It also should be noted that the openings in the inner shell in the new apparatus are now located not at the top edge of the sides, but approximately in the middle between it and the bottom edge, which provides a faster and stable airbag. The holes themselves are no longer oblong, but round, with a diameter of 90 mm. They are about 40 pieces and are located evenly on the sides and in front.
Each shell was spilled out in its matrix (used from the previous design) of two-three layers of fiberglass (and the bottom of the four layers) on the polyester binder. Of course, these resins are inferior to vinyl ethereal and epoxy on adhesion, the level of filtration, shrinkage, as well as the release of harmful substances during drying, but they have an indisputable advantage in price - they are much cheaper, which is important. For those who intend to use such resins, remind you that the room where the work is carried out should have good ventilation and temperature at least + 22 ° C.
1 - segment (set of 60 pcs.); 2 - cylinder; 3 - mooring duck (3 pcs.); 4 - wind visor; 5 - handrail (2 pcs.); 6 - Net fencing of the air screw; 7 - the outer part of the annular channel; 8 - steering wheel (2 pcs.); 9 - Ruly control lever; 10 - hatcher in the tunnel to access the fuel tank and the battery; 11 - pilot seat; 12 - Passenger sofa; 13 - engine casing; 14 - paddle (2 pcs.); 15 - silencer; 16 - filler (foam); 17 - the inner part of the annular channel; 18 - Lantern of the running fire; 19 - air screw; 20 - sleeve of the air screw; 21 - drive toothed belt; 22 - assembly attachment of the cylinder to the case; 23 - assembly assembly assembly to the case; 24 - engine on the motor; 25 - inner envelope case; 26 - filler (foam); 27 - the outer shell of the case; 28 - discharge panel of the injected air flow
The matrices were manufactured in advance according to the master model from the same glass matters on the same polyester resin, only the thickness of their walls was more and accounted for 7 -8 mm (the housing shells are about 4 mm). Before dug elements from the working surface of the matrix, all the roughness and jackets were carefully removed, and it was covered three times diluted in Skipidar waxed and polished. After that, a thin layer (up to 0.5 mm) of the red layer (color varnish) of red was applied to the surface of the sprayer (or roller).
After it dried, the process of the shell is laid along the following technology. At first, using a roller, the matrix wax surface and one side of the stroke (with smaller pores) are labeled resin, and then the mat is fitted onto the matrix and rolls up to completely remove air from under the layer (if necessary, a small slot in mate can be done. In the same way, the subsequent layers of glass places to the required thickness (3-4 mm) are stacked, with the installation, where necessary, mortgage parts (metal and wooden). Excessive flap across the edges were trimmed with you glue "in wet".
a - outer shell;
b - inner shell;
1 - ski (tree);
2 - Uphill Plate (Tree)
After the manufacture of the external and inner shells, they docked, fastened with clamps and screws, and then glued along the perimeter by the strips of a 40 -50 mm width of the polyester resin, from which the shell themselves were made. After connecting the shells to the edge, the vertical side boards from a 2-mm duralumin strip of a width of at least 3 mm.
Additionally, pieces of impregnated resin fiberglass should neatly glue all the corners and places of screwing the fasteners. The outer shell on top is covered with a gelkutyt - polyester resin with acrylic additives and wax, giving the shine and water resistance.
It is worth noting that by the same technology (the outer and inner shells were made) and smaller elements were made: the inner and outer shells of the diffuser, the rotation of the engine, the engine, windproof, tunnel and the driver's seat. The benzobac (industrial from Italy) is 12.5 liters inserted inside the housing, in the console, before fastening the lower and top of the housings.
inner shell of the housing with exhaust air holes to create an airbag; Above the holes are a series of cable clips to engage the ends of the skirt segment shaft; Two wooden skis are glued to the bottom
Those who are just starting working with fiberglass, I recommend starting the manufacture of boats from these small elements. The total mass of the fiberglass hull together with skis and the aluminum alloy strip, the diffuser and rugs of the direction - from 80 to 95 kg.
The space between the shell serves as an air duct along the perimeter of the apparatus from the stern on both sides to the nose. The upper and lower parts of this space are filled with a construction foam, which provides an optimal section of air channels and an additional buoyancy (and accordingly, the vitality). The pieces of foam flames were glued together with the same polyester binder, and the strips of fiberglass were glued to the shells, also impregnated with resin. Next, air from the air channels exits outside through uniformly located holes with a diameter of 90 mm in the outer shell, "rests" into the segments of the skirt and creates a airbag under the device.
By the bottom of the outer shell of the case to protect against damage, outside the pair of longitudinal ski from wooden bars are glued outside, and in the fodder of the cockpit (that is, from the inside) - under-a motor wooden plate.
Balloon. The new model of the boat on the airbag has almost twice as much displacement (350 - 370 kg) than the former. This was achieved due to the installation of an inflatable balloon between the case and the segments of the flexible fence (skirt). The cylinder was patched from the film on a lavsan-based PVV material UІPURIAP Finnish production with a density of 750 g / m 2 in the form of a case in the plan. The material was tested on large industrial courts on an air cushion, such as Khius, Pegasus, Mars. To increase the survivability, the balloon can consist of several compartments (in this case, from three, each has its own filling valve). The compartments in turn can be separated and along in half the longitudinal partitions (but such their version of the execution is still only in the project). With this design, the punched compartment (or even two) will allow you to continue moving along the route, and even more so reach the shore for repair. For the economical cutting of the material, the cylinder is divided into four sections: nasal, two comborm. Each section, in turn, glues from two parts (halves) of the shell: bottom and top - their patterns are mirrored. In this embodiment, the cylinder compartments and sections do not coincide.
a - outer shell; b - inner shell;
1 - nasal section; 2 - onboard section (2 pcs.); 3 - the stern section; 4 - partition (3 pcs.); 5 - valves (3 pcs.); 6 - Littros; 7 - Apron
At the top of the cylinder, Liktros is a strip of a folded twice material VinyPlan 6545 "Arctic", with a wicker cape nested, impregnated with "900i" glue. Littros is applied to the side bar, and with the help of plastic bolts, the cylinder is attached to the aluminum strip, fixed on the housing. The same strip (only without nested cord) is glued to the cylinder and bottom-in front ("on a time-called"), the so-called "apron" - to which the upper parts of the segments (tongues) of the flexible fence are tied. Later, a rubber bumper bumper was glued to the front of the balloon.
Soft elastic fence "Airport" (skirt) consists of individual, but the same elements -segments, carved and sewn from dense light tissue or film material. It is desirable that the fabric is water-repellent, not solid on the frost and did not let the air.
I used again the material VinyPlan 4126, only a smaller density (240 g / m 2), but it is quite suitable for domestic flicker type percal.
Segments have a slightly smaller size than on a "reservoir" model. The pattern of the segment is simple, and can even be sewn it manually, or to cook high frequency currents (TVS).
The segments are tied by the tongue of the covers to the balon's likase (two - one end, while the nodules are located inside the skirt) throughout the perimeter of "Aeroamfibia". The two of the lower corners of the segment with the help of kapron construction homutics are suspended free to the steel cable with a diameter of 2 - 2.5 mm, claking the lower part of the inner casing. A total of 60 segments are located in the skirt. The steel cable with a diameter of 2.5 mm is attached to the body by clips, which in turn are attracted to the inner sheath of petal ripples.
1 - scarf (material "Viniplan 4126"); 2 - tongue (material "Viniplan 4126"); 3 - Laying (Fabric "Arctic")
This fastening of the skirt segments is not much higher than the replacement time of the element of flexible fencing, compared with the previous design, when everyone was attached separately. But as practice has shown, the skirt turns out to be efficient even when it fails to 10% of segments and frequent replacement and is not required.
1 - the outer shell of the case; 2 - the inner shell of the case; 3- pad (fiberglass) 4 - Planck (Duralumin, band 30x2); 5 - Self-self-tapping screw; 6 - Balleon Litros; 7 - plastic bolt; 8 - cylinder; 9 - Balleon Apron; 10 - segment; 11 - lacing; 12 - clip; 13-clamp (plastic); 14-cable D2.5; 15-exhaust tap; 16-lover
The brewing unit consists of a motor, a hexless air screw (fan) and transmissions.
Engine - RMZ-500 (Rotax 503 analog) from a snowmobile "Taiga". OJSC Russian Mechanics is produced under the license of the Austrian company ROTAX. The motor is a two-stroke, with a petal inlet valve and forced air-cooled. Proverted itself as reliable, quite powerful (about 50 hp) and not heavy (about 37 kg), and the main thing is a consistently inexpensive unit. Fuel - gasoline of the AI-92 brand in a mixture with oil for two-stroke engines (for example, domestic MHD-14M). The average fuel consumption is 9 - 10 l / h. The engine is mounted in the stern part of the apparatus, on the motor attached to the bottom of the case (or rather, a submool wooden plate). Motor has become higher. This is done for the convenience of cleaning the fodder of the cockpit from snow and ice, which fall there through the side and accumulate there, and freeze when stopping.
1 - engine output shaft; 2 - lead gear pulley (32 teeth); 3 - toothed belt; 4 - slave gear pulley; 5 - nut M20 attachment axis; 6 - remote sleeves (3 pcs.); 7 - Bearing (2 pcs.); 8 - axis; 9 - screw bushing; 10 - rear pylon support; 11 - Front propulsion support; 12 - front dongy front support (not shown in the drawing, see photo); 13 - outdoor cheek; 14 - Inner cheek
The air screw is a hexless, fixed step, with a diameter of 900 mm. (There was an attempt to install two five-pointed coaxial screws, but it turned out to be unsuccessful). The sleeve of the screw is, cast. Blades are fiberglass, with a spraying gelkuty. The axis of the screw bush was elongated, although it remained for the previous bearings 6304. The axis is mounted on the rack over the engine and is fixed here by two struts: two-beam - front and three-beam - rear. The screw is a mesh lattice of the fence, and behind the air steering wheel.
The transmission of torque (rotation) from the output shaft of the engine to the air screw sleeve is carried out through the gear belt with a gear ratio of 1: 2.25 (the lead pulley has 32 tooth, and the slave - 72).
The air flow from the screw is distributed by a partition in the ring channel for two unequal parts (approximately 1: 3). A smaller part of it goes under the bottom of the body to create an airbag, and large - on the formation of permanent strength (traction) for movement. A few words about the features of driving amphibian, specifically - about the beginning of the movement. When the engine is idling at idle, the device remains fixed. With an increase in the number of turns, the amphibian is first raised above the supporting surface, and then starts the movement forward at 3200 - 3500 per minute. At this point, it is important, especially when touching from the soil so that the pilot first lifted the back of the apparatus: then the feed segments do not kill for anything, and the front slip on the irregularities and obstacles.
1 - base (steel sheet S6, 2 pcs.); 2 - portal rack (steel sheet S4,2 pcs.); 3 - jumper (steel sheet S10, 2 pcs.)
Management "Aerodjip" (change in the direction of movement) is carried out by aerodynamic steering directions, fixed by hinged over the ring canal. The deviation of the steering wheel is performed by a two-flux lever (motorcycle type steering) through the Italian Boudenovsky cable, which goes to one of the planes of the aerodynamic steering wheel. Another plane is connected to the first rigid burden. On the left arm of the lever, the throttle control of the carburetor or the "trigger" from the snowmobile "Taiga" is fixed.
1 - steering wheel; 2 - Boudenovsky cable; 3 - node fastening the patch to the case (2 pcs.); 4 - Boudenovskaya strip cable; 5 - steering panel; 6 - lever; 7 - the rocker is not conditionally shown); 8 - Bearing (4 pcs.)
Braking is carried out by "gas discharge". At the same time, the air cushion and the device disappears the body falls on the water (or by skiing - on snow or soil) and stops due to friction.
Electrical equipment and devices. The device is equipped with a battery, a tachometer with a motor meter, a voltmeter, an indicator of the engine head temperature, halogen headlights, a button and check of the ignition shutdown on the steering wheel, etc. The engine is started by electrostating. It is possible to install any other devices.
Amphibian boat received the name "Fisherman-360". He passed the running test on the Volga: In 2010, at the teach of the company "Velikhod" in the village of Emmaus under Tverskoy, in Nizhny Novgorod. He participated at the request of the Moskomport in the demonstration speeches on the holiday dedicated to the Day of the Navy in Moscow on the rowing channel.
Technical data "Aeroamfibia":
Overall dimensions, mm:
length ............................................................................................ ..3950
width .............................................................................2400
height .............................................................................. .1380
Engine power, hp ...................................................... .52
Mass, kg ............................................................................................ .150
Load capacity, kg ..........................................................370
Fuel reserve, l ......................................................................12
Fuel consumption, l / h ...................................................... ..9 - 10
Overcome obstacles:
rise, hail ........................................................................ .20
wave, m .............................................................................. 0.5
Cruising speed, km / h:
on the water ................................................................................................50
on the soil .............................................................................. 54
on ice ..................................................................................................60
M. Yagubov Honorary Inventor of Moscow
Pangolina The wiper from two Icarus janitors, filling from the parts of serial vases, periscope instead of the rear-view mirrors, the scarce rubber on homemade wheels ... Even if, at the end of the project, the matrix was not destroyed, the supercar "Pangolina" was destined to become a legend of the samostroy.The unique homemade car "Pangolina", one of the most famous examples of the Soviet movement "Samavto," was collected in Ukhta in 1980. His creator of Electrician Alexander Kulygin, Education Engineer, led the technical circle at the Palace of Youth in his hometown. Just with pupils-pioneers (without having, of course, no serious technical base), he carried out in Ukhta the final assembly of Pangoline, which began to work in Moscow, where the body was laid. All matrices were destroyed after the completion of the project, and Pangoline was doomed to remain the only one in their own way.
A year later, "Pangoline" learned the entire USSR. Kouligin brought his brainchild to Moscow (by rail, as Soviet highways for a squat car simply did not fit), and soon the car along with his author fell on television and newspapers. Inspired by the stunning Lamborghini Countach, who established the fashion for angular and squat sports cars, Pangolina literally shocked the imagination of the Soviet spectators.
Of course, her design did not differ as valid lines as the works of ingenious Italians from the BERTONE studio. But the Soviet engineer managed to come up with several elegant and original solutions: the cap rising on the hydraulic drive instead of the doors, four headlights in a single block, leaving the hood center, periscope (!) Instead of conventional rearview mirrors. The lightest body of fiberglass rose on homemade wheels from the aluminum alloy, drove into low-profile rubber (it was incredibly difficult to get it in Soviet times).
The internal filling of Pangolines fully consisted of parts and nodes of conventional serial vases. This is due to the classic location of the engine in front, which turned out to be moved close to the driver and placed right under the dashboard. The Pangoline Body repeated the proportions of central supercars, which, under the hood, simply did not provide for the place for the engine.
Despite the use of a standard engine, the maximum "Pangoline" speed exceeded the indicators of ordinary "Zhiguli" and reached 180 km / h - due to improved aerodynamics and a superflux body. Some details, however, were borrowed from other cars - for example, the wiper was collected from two Ikarus janitors.
In the 80s Pangolina, together with its creator, a number of All-Union Optides passed and even participated in an international autovent in Bulgaria (Expo'85, Plovdiv). But over time, the supercar lost an external gloss: for the sake of obtaining state leaders and permission to travel abroad Koulugin had to install standard wheels, mounted mirrors and front headlights. In the 90s Pangolina fell into an accident, because of which the body had to remake, removing the part of the roof. The coloring of the car has changed many times: in our days, Pangolina was painted in "Red Ferrari", gained a throat tinting and tasteless racing stickers on glasses.
The popularity of Pangolins has brought their fruits. At a certain point, Kulygin was invited to work on AZLK, but all its developments remained prototyped. In the 90s, Alexander emigrated to the United States, where he created a small firm that was engaged in the manufacture and sale of kietar. In 2004, Kouligin tragically died in an accident, crashing to death due to another driver.
Car amphibian is a thing albeit useful, but hard to reach (especially in Soviet times). And if you can not get something, it means that it can be done. Let's look at the amphibians of the Soviet "Kulibins".
"Triton"
The creator of Triton, Dmitry Kudryachkov, set himself a difficult task - to achieve the operational equivalence of amphibian when using it both on the water and on land. It was clear from the very beginning that with all the variants of the solutions of "land" problems, the glissing amphibian regiments that guarantee full speed should remain in immunity. So what looks like "Triton" as an ordinary boat - but with wheels. Engine "GAZ-21", as well as a home-made gearbox and a transmission with a differential from the car "ZAZ" represent a single power unit. The Triton highway managed to overclock up to 100 kilometers per hour. The maximum speed on the water was not measured, but according to the designer, amphibian is capable of floating at a speed of 48-50 kilometers per hour. So it is quite possible to argue that with the task set at the very beginning, Dmitry Kudryachkov coped to all the hundred.
"Swallow"
How many motorists did not call the car with a "swallow", hardly someone loves her car more than Ivan Egorov from Novokuznetsk. After all, this "swallow" he did himself. The workshop began to work in 1958. First, it was necessary to work in the room of an unfailed barrack. In 1961, Ivan Evdokimovich had a garage, opposite which he built the workbench, on which the car was built. The main nodes and aggregates are taken from different Soviet cars: the engine, for example, is all from the same GAZ-21 (with him the constructor managed to accelerate to 120 km / h on land). But all the small details Ivan Egorov made manually - even the covers for the seats sewed independently. The state number "Swallow" received in 1988, only after 23 years after the creation of the car - almost all this time went to overcoming bureaucratic barriers. As for the water life of "Swallows", it is able to swim, although it knows how, but does not love much: the last time on his car Ivan Egorov swam the River Tom years forty back.
« Floating Carlson "
His ridiculous name "Floating Carlson" received due to the rowing screw from the boat, which is right under the rear bumper. This car is familiar to the indigenous Novosibirsk, who remember the 80s and 90s. Then "Carlson" traveled around the city almost every day. The car was built by Novosibirsk Grigory Ilyich Khokhlov. When building amphibians, spare parts were used from five cars - victory (GAZ 20), Volga GAZ 21, Volga GAZ -24, UAZ 469 and GAZ -69. The sealed body is made by the designer. "Floating Carlson" has a four-wheel drive, a five-seater salon and a gaza engine that develops 85 horsepower and accelerates a self-made machine to 110 kilometers per hour.
"Ihhyandr-2"
The Father of the Sea Devil, Igor Rickman, is the former chief designer of the coal mining machines of MINJLEKROM USSR. "Ighyandr-2" is its second and more successful amphibian. The body of the machine is made of fiberglass and is divided into the top and bottom of the rubber mooring bar, which also protects the plastic and gives the completion of the design of the exterior. The roof is lifting, with a huge sliding hatch. The front armchairs are rotary, as in the hairdresser, rear sofa folding. The VAZ-21213 engine is combined with a modernized "box" from Loise. For movement, the blade is installed with water, which is included with the cam coupling. Amphibian is quite spacious - three centners of the goods will easily spread here, and five people will slip away.