How to improve the work (motility) of the intestine: foods, drugs and traditional medicine. Drugs to improve intestinal motility Other drugs that stimulate intestinal motility

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How to improve the work (motility) of the intestine: foods, drugs and traditional medicine

Most people who have crossed the thirty-year threshold are faced with such a problem as dyskinesia, otherwise - poor intestinal motility. This problem brings a lot of inconvenience and therefore people are increasingly asking themselves how to improve intestinal motility? We will tell you about this in the article.

The concept of peristalsis

The intestine is the largest organ of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the final processing of food, their neutralization and absorption of useful minerals into the blood takes place. If peristalsis (motility) is disturbed, then all these processes are inhibited. Such a process brings harm to the body and inconvenience to a person.

Symptoms of intoxication and decreased intestinal motility include:

frequent headaches;
constant feeling of tiredness;
heaviness and pain in the abdomen;
loss of appetite;
a person is gaining weight, although he eats as usual, or even less;
the appearance of a rash on the face, possibly on the body;
sleep problems;
bloating, flatulence, which increase after eating;
change in fecal masses, they become smaller, they acquire a denser form;
frequent and painful constipation, which can rarely be replaced by bouts of diarrhea;
general malaise and even fever.

Neither for an adult, nor for a child, such symptoms of intestinal arrest will not be a joy. Therefore, you need to make your intestines work on their own, or seek help from a doctor.

Moreover, the second option will be much better, because any disease can be the cause of weak motor skills, or the normal functional state of the body. But to figure out what exactly caused the bowel to stop, it is possible only after conducting an examination and passing tests.

Causes of weak peristalsis

Many factors affect bowel function, and now we will try to find out which of them slow down and even completely stop peristalsis, and which can stimulate intestinal motility.

Causes, slowing peristalsis:

Unbalanced nutrition when the diet is dominated by high-calorie foods, foods of artificial origin (fast foods with a lot of spices and sauces and foods with the addition of chemicals - chips, crackers), not regular meals, its speed (to live a sandwich on the way to the office).
Treatment with antibiotics or other drugs that reduce the balance of the intestinal microflora.
Diseases of the digestive tract all departments, including the stomach, liver, gallbladder.
Tumor neoplasms in the intestines, both in the small and in the thick.
Behavior of surgical intervention on the intestine.
Inactive lifestyle, permanent sedentary work, frequent climate change.
Predisposition to constipation, their chronic course.
Frequent stress, negative experiences.
Violation of the nerves, improper innervation of the intestinal walls.

Factors enhancing intestinal motility:

Regular walking, exercise.
Compliance with the diet, its balance.
Compliance with the drinking regime is very important for constipation in order to soften the masses and improve their passage through the intestines.
Use of bowel stimulation - massages and morning workouts.
Normalization of lifestyle, regular and sufficient sleep, adherence to the schedule.
Passing a regular annual medical examination and timely treatment of intestinal diseases.

If your life consists mostly or even entirely of the items on the first list, then do not be surprised that intestinal motility is weakening.

But if peristalsis is already disturbed by any reason, then there are means to improve the work of intestinal motility in adults and children.

How to improve peristalsis?

It is possible to restore bowel function and strengthen peristalsis only by using several types of treatment at the same time, namely:

Folk means. This is the first thing that is better to try than swallowing advertised pills that can only do harm if the diagnosis is not established.
Bowel stimulating drugs can also be purchased at a pharmacy, but before that you should consult a doctor so that he picks them up for you individually, and also prescribes the necessary dosage.
An excellent tool to increase peristalsis is gymnastics. It helps to increase blood flow to the intestines, as well as to the pelvic organs, thereby helping to move the feces forward through the intestines. Helps strengthen the walls of the large and small intestines.
You can increase peristalsis by following a certain diet. Her main rule- we eat and drink everything that is healthy, we don’t even try the unhealthy.

Improving peristalsis will largely depend on how the person himself relates to solving his problem.

In this case, the intestines did not work, do not work, and will not work. But for those who want to normalize the work of their intestines, we will talk in more detail about each item in the treatment of weak peristalsis.

How to increase intestinal peristalsis

The well-established work of the human intestine is not only the key to good health, but also the health of the entire body. Stable peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract depends on many circumstantial factors, such as proper nutrition, the absence of bad habits and regular cleansing. However, when bowel problems appear, a number of measures should be taken immediately to normalize its activity.

How can I increase intestinal motility in adults and children?

Violation of intestinal motility can cause constipation in a patient with the release of rather dense feces in the form of a thin ribbon or sheep feces. This is an indication of dehydration of the feces due to a lack of water in your body. In order for the intestines to work smoothly, it is necessary, first of all, to regulate the water balance and its metabolism in the body. At the same time, it should be taken into account that it is necessary not only to drink enough water every day, but also to be able to keep it in the intestines so that its peristalsis is always full.

What drugs will increase intestinal peristalsis?

To enhance the contractile function of the intestine, laxatives are used. With their help, peristalsis is enhanced and intestinal emptying is accelerated. Today, there are a huge number of different laxatives that affect different parts of the intestine. There are drugs for peristalsis:

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acting on the entire intestine.

to the small intestine.

to the large intestine.

Such drugs can be both synthetic and natural origin.

Products that increase intestinal peristalsis

First, carefully monitor your daily diet. The intestines are very susceptible to toxins, which are constantly formed from leftover food that has not been digested. Minimize, and preferably completely exclude fatty and fried in vegetable oil dishes from your menu, and along with them - canned food, smoked meats, refined sugar, baking, alcohol and drinks with gas. Eat cereals, greens, nuts, hercules, bran, vegetables, fruits daily. Make it a healthy habit to drink a glass of kefir on the eve of sleep.

To enhance peristalsis, food should be chewed very carefully, ideally until it turns into a liquid slurry. You should never drink solid food with water, and you should not do this with other liquid foods (juices, compotes, tea). You can drink liquids no earlier than an hour after the meal. It is much more useful and correct to drink water before meals than after.

Drink plenty of plain mineral water (without gas). During the day, the total amount of liquid you consume (including soups and teas) should be at least eight glasses.

How to strengthen intestinal motility with the help of folk remedies?

You will need the following two sets of components:

dried apricots, honey, hay grass, prunes, propolis tincture (20%);
wild rose, beetroot, raisins, orange peels, lemon, blackcurrant, cranberry, lingonberry, blueberry, prunes, vegetable oil, dried apricots, salt, honey.

Take 400 grams of dried apricots and the same amount of prunes, rid the latter of the seeds. Grind the components with a meat grinder, and then add this pack of hay to the mixture, there - 2 tablespoons of 20% propolis tincture and an incomplete glass (200 g) of liquid honey (necessarily natural). To mix everything. Peristalsis will improve if you take a couple of teaspoons for dinner during the evening meal, drinking it with tea or warm water.

Strengthen peristalsis for bowel problems with beetroot balm. The method of preparation is the same as that of any other similar product and storage is also elementary simple - in a closed container in the refrigerator. To prepare it, take:

2 kg of beets;
1 tsp wild rose;
a small amount of orange peels,
lemon wedge with zest
strengthens the intestines with a mixture of lingonberries, black currants, blueberries, cranberries (in a total volume of about 5 tablespoons) - frozen berries can be used.
a quarter cup of raisins
enhance motility prunes and dried apricots - 10 pieces each,
4 tablespoons vegetable oil (unrefined)
a teaspoon of salt
a tablespoon of fresh honey.

What exercises will help strengthen the bowels in old age?

To increase peristalsis, you should perform regular exercises to improve bowel function. Each exercise is repeated 10-15 times.

The starting position for this exercise to improve bowel function (i.p.) is lying on your back with straight legs raised. Perform leg movements, as when riding a bicycle. Exercise trains the muscles of the thighs, abdominals, stimulates blood flow in the abdominal cavity.

I. p. - lying on your back. The leg, bent at the knee (or both legs), is clasped with hands and pressed tightly to the stomach, then returned to and. n. Exercise stimulates intestinal motility, activates blood circulation in the abdominal cavity, and promotes the release of gases during flatulence.

I. p. - lying on your back. The leg is bent at the knee and they try to reach it to the floor from the opposite side, without lifting the shoulder girdle from the floor. Then do the same with the other leg. Exercise strengthens the muscles of the back and lower back, and stimulates intestinal motility.

I. p. - kneeling, with emphasis on the palms or elbows, head down. Squat on the buttocks alternately to the left and right side. Exercise stimulates the intestines, promotes the release of gases during flatulence.

I. p. - as in exercise 4. Alternately straighten and stretch the legs back, bending in the back. Exercise develops the muscles of the buttocks and back, helps with problems with peristalsis to improve the outflow of blood from the pelvic organs.

The concept of peristalsis

With the stagnation of feces in the intestines, toxins begin to enter the bloodstream and poison the body, causing side symptoms.

Symptoms of intoxication and decreased intestinal motility include:

frequent headaches;
constant feeling of tiredness;
heaviness and pain in the abdomen;
loss of appetite;
a person is gaining weight, although he eats as usual, or even less;
the appearance of a rash on the face, possibly on the body;
sleep problems;
bloating that worsens after eating;
change in fecal masses, they become smaller, they acquire a denser form;
frequent and painful constipation, which can rarely be replaced by bouts of diarrhea;
general malaise and even fever.

Neither for an adult, nor for a child, such symptoms of intestinal arrest will not be a joy. Therefore, you need to make your intestines work on their own, or seek help from a doctor.

Causes of weak peristalsis

Many factors affect bowel function, and now we will try to find out which of them slow down and even completely stop peristalsis, and which can stimulate intestinal motility.

Causes, slowing peristalsis:

Unbalanced nutrition when the diet is dominated by high-calorie foods, foods of artificial origin (fast foods with a lot of spices and sauces and foods with the addition of chemicals - chips, crackers), not regular meals, its speed (to live a sandwich on the way to the office).
Treatment with antibiotics or other drugs that reduce the balance of the intestinal microflora.
Diseases of the digestive tract all departments, including the stomach, liver, gallbladder.
Tumor neoplasms in the intestines, both in the small and in the thick.
Behavior of surgical intervention on the intestine.
Inactive lifestyle, permanent sedentary work, frequent climate change.
Predisposition to constipation, them.
Frequent stress, negative experiences.
Violation of the nerves, improper innervation of the intestinal walls.

Factors enhancing intestinal motility:

Regular walking, exercise.
Compliance with the diet, its balance.
Compliance with the drinking regime is very important for constipation in order to soften the masses and improve their passage through the intestines.
Use of bowel stimulation - massages and morning workouts.
Normalization of lifestyle, regular and sufficient sleep, adherence to the schedule.
Passing a regular annual medical examination and timely treatment of intestinal diseases.

If your life consists mostly or even entirely of the items on the first list, then do not be surprised that intestinal motility is weakening.

To prevent and fix this, live according to the items on the second list and then bowel problems will leave you for a long time.

But if peristalsis is already disturbed by any reason, then there are means to improve the work of intestinal motility in adults and children.

How to improve peristalsis?

It is possible to restore bowel function and strengthen peristalsis only by using several types of treatment at the same time, namely:

Folk means. This is the first thing that is better to try than swallowing advertised pills that can only do harm if the diagnosis is not established.
Bowel stimulating drugs can also be purchased at a pharmacy, but before that you should consult a doctor so that he picks them up for you individually, and also prescribes the necessary dosage.
An excellent tool to enhance peristalsis -. It helps to increase blood flow to the intestines, as well as to the pelvic organs, thereby helping to move the feces forward through the intestines. Helps strengthen the walls of the large and small intestines.
You can increase peristalsis by following a certain diet. Her main rule- we eat and drink everything that is healthy, we don’t even try the unhealthy.

Improving peristalsis will largely depend on how the person himself relates to solving his problem.

If he negligently does gymnastics, drinks coffee tablets after dinner at a pizzeria, then it will not work to improve bowel function.

ethnoscience

Before drinking pharmacy medicine, try these methods of enhancing peristalsis:

wheat bran

Take two apples and grate them. Add to them a tablespoon of honey and two tablespoons of oatmeal. Squeeze out the juice of a lemon and add it and a couple of tablespoons of warm water to the mixture. Eat it throughout the day.
Grind psyllium seeds and take them with a teaspoonful of food.
A couple of tablespoons of wheat bran is washed down with a small amount of water or mixed with it and eaten for breakfast.
Take ten grams of buckthorn root and fill them with half liters of boiling water. Let the decoction brew and drink it throughout the day instead of tea.
Take two glasses of dried apricots and prunes and twist them in a meat grinder. Add to them a package of senna, two tablespoons of propolis. Pour liquid honey, about 200 ml. Take this mixture before bed in the amount of a couple of teaspoons.

Medicines

In order to increase the patency of the intestines, laxatives are released. It can be tablets, powder, syrup, drops. All laxatives should be divided into three groups:

The action of drugs	Description
Drugs affecting the peristalsis of the entire intestine.	Here you can use sodium sulfate or magnesium. But you should pay attention to the fact that these substances, by increasing the osmotic pressure in the intestine, increase peristalsis. The process is fast enough, and the drugs work after two hours, or even earlier. Therefore, you should not take them before the trip.
Laxatives that act in the small intestine.	These medicines include oils. They envelop the feces, contributing to their easy passage through the intestines. At the same time, they also accelerate the motor skills themselves. The effect of the laxative comes from two to six hours.
Laxatives that act in the large intestine.	These are drugs of the irritant group. They tone smooth muscles, bringing the walls of the intestine into tone. You can’t use them on your own, as addiction and intestinal atrophy may occur. Only a doctor should prescribe such laxatives. These drugs include dried apricots; fermented milk products - fermented baked milk, kefir; compotes, kissels, fresh juices; white kvass and wine, mineral water, cold or warm teas, but not hot; oatmeal, buckwheat, cell; various types of vegetable oils; nuts; spices and spices in moderation will stimulate the intestines; wheat bran. Food should be fresh, warm, well combined with each other. You need to eat at least four times a day. It is important to observe the drinking regimen. So if you want to increase intestinal motility, go from natural to artificial. It is better to take laxatives only as prescribed by a doctor, and a healthy diet and folk remedies will only add to the effect. Monitor your lifestyle constantly, and then you will not have to resort to laxatives in restoring bowel function.

The action of drugs

Description

Drugs affecting the peristalsis of the entire intestine.

Here you can use sodium sulfate or magnesium. But you should pay attention to the fact that these substances, by increasing the osmotic pressure in the intestine, increase peristalsis. The process is fast enough, and the drugs work after two hours, or even earlier. Therefore, you should not take them before the trip.

Laxatives that act in the small intestine.

These medicines include oils. They envelop the feces, contributing to their easy passage through the intestines. At the same time, they also accelerate the motor skills themselves. The effect of the laxative comes from two to six hours.

Laxatives that act in the large intestine.

These are drugs of the irritant group. They tone smooth muscles, bringing the walls of the intestine into tone. You can’t use them on your own, as addiction and intestinal atrophy may occur. Only a doctor should prescribe such laxatives. These drugs include dried apricots;

fermented milk products - fermented baked milk, kefir;

compotes, kissels, fresh juices;

white kvass and wine, mineral water, cold or warm teas, but not hot;

oatmeal, buckwheat, cell;

various types of vegetable oils;

nuts;

spices and spices in moderation will stimulate the intestines;

wheat bran.

Food should be fresh, warm, well combined with each other. You need to eat at least four times a day. It is important to observe the drinking regimen.

So if you want to increase intestinal motility, go from natural to artificial.

It is better to take laxatives only as prescribed by a doctor, and a healthy diet and folk remedies will only add to the effect.

Monitor your lifestyle constantly, and then you will not have to resort to laxatives in restoring bowel function.

Medications affect the intestines in different ways. There are drugs that stimulate intestinal motility and slow it down. The general state of health and vital functions of people depend on the healthy functions of the gastrointestinal system. Violation in its functioning leads to a decrease in immunity, a violation of peristalsis and a constant feeling of internal discomfort.

In certain cases, artificial stimulation of intestinal motility may be required, and there are special preparations for this purpose.

Signs of impaired intestinal motility

Intestinal peristalsis is disturbed when the following signs are present:

Frequent pain in different areas of the abdomen. The pains vary in intensity and depend on the time of day. Strengthening pain spasms are interconnected with the emotional state and physical activity.
Excessive gas formation and a feeling of bloating in the abdomen.
Violation of the act of defecation. It is characterized by persistent constipation, developing into chronic forms.
An increase in weight indicators caused by a disorder in metabolism and digestion.
A sharp negative change in general well-being, expressed in constant weakness, irritability, sleep disturbances.
Increasing signs of poisoning of the body (allergy, acne and purulent rash).

The principle of action of drugs for motility

The drug stimulates, enhances motility and increases intestinal tone ("Proserin", "Vasopressin"). The contractile functions of the intestine can activate laxative drugs, the effect of which affects the work of different segments of the intestines. The composition of such preparations includes the content of normalizing substances that are poorly absorbed.

Saline solutions are an old and simple remedy that has a laxative effect.

Laxatives to improve the condition

Salt products

Salt laxatives act on the entire intestine, perform the normalizing functions of the contained volumes of substances in the intestine and break them down due to the effect on intracavitary osmotic pressure and fluid accumulation. The most famous remedies for constipation from this group are Glauber's and Karlovy Vary salts. These tools are very effective and fast. After their use for a couple of hours, a complete cleansing of the intestines occurs.

Affecting the small intestine

A laxative drug that affects the functioning of the small intestine, normalizes the volume of mucous secretions in the intestinal lumen and stimulates contractions. These remedies include castor oil and Bisacodyl. The effect of these drugs is observed within 2-6 hours after administration and may be accompanied by pain sensations in the form of spasms.

Affecting the large intestine

Laxatives that affect the large intestine are both herbal (Senade, Regulax, buckthorn bark) and synthetic regulators (Guttalax). These drugs have a strengthening effect on the tone of the large segment of the intestine and are actively restoring work on the act of defecation. Prolonged use of a laxative causes addiction to the body, thereby improving the condition only for a while.

Other drugs that stimulate intestinal motility

Stimulant foods

Stimulation of intestinal peristalsis occurs through the inclusion in the daily diet of such foods:

a large amount of plant foods;
fermented milk products with live lacto- and bifidobacteria;
dried fruits;
reception of oatmeal, buckwheat and barley groats;
the use of vegetable oil;
greens and nuts.

Folk remedies

Medications do a good job of emptying the intestines with constipation, but with addiction, the situation only gets worse. It follows from this that it is necessary to use laxatives only in extreme and justified cases. To combat constipation, it is better to use folk recipes. Here are some of them:

Take 2 large spoons of wheat germ, 2 large spoons of oatmeal, 1 large spoon of honey, 1 large spoon of nuts, half a lemon and 2 medium finely grated apples. Mix all components. Take with meals.
Take 0.5 kg of dried apricots and 0.5 kg of prunes. Grind in a meat grinder or blender. Add 2 large spoons of propolis, 250 ml of honey and senna grass (pack) to the resulting composition. Take 2 small spoons half an hour before bedtime.
Brew 1 large spoonful of buckthorn bark in 0.5 liters of boiling water. Insist for 2 hours and drink.
The restorative effect of bowel contractions is found in ground psyllium seeds. Take 1 small spoonful before meals. The seeds in the intestines will swell and help in the removal of its contents.
A proven peristalsis stimulant is the inclusion of bran in the diet.

These are medicinal laxatives that increase intestinal motility and the passage of feces. They can be divided into several groups:

Medications that increase stool volume. These drugs are taken with water and help soften the stool. Representatives are Mucofalk, Glycerin, Vaseline oil.
Prokinetics. They exert their influence through the release of acetylcholine. The main advantage is that their long-term use has practically no negative side effects. This group includes Ganaton, Itomed.
Osmotic laxatives. Drugs such as Duphalac, Portalac have a good osmotic effect, hold water well, and are the drugs of choice for pregnant women and children. Salt-based preparations are also referred to as osmotic laxatives. The mechanism of action of saline laxatives is based on improving the permeability of the intestinal walls, due to which a large amount of water enters the intestinal lumen, thereby causing the urge to defecate. Representatives: Glauber's salt (sodium sulfate), Magnesium citrate.
Emollients or plasticizers are actively used in puerperas or those who have undergone surgery. They are prescribed to patients who need to minimize the load on the anterior abdominal wall. However, their long-term use is not recommended due to the removal of a large amount of electrolytes from the body. Representatives: Lanolin, various oils, wax.

Contraindications

Before using the above groups of drugs, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist and a therapist, since only after a diagnosis is made, their use is considered possible.

Contraindications to their appointment will be:

Oncology of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, the intestines. Laxatives and any other drugs that improve peristalsis may not only not solve the problem, but may even aggravate it. If the intestinal cavity is completely or partially closed by a tumor or polyp, then a sharp increase in pressure due to stimulation of motility can cause acute intestinal obstruction, intestinal volvulus or perforation of the formation.
Ulcerative defects of the gastrointestinal tract.
Threatened bleeding.
Intestinal obstruction.
Inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute stage.
Allergic reaction to the components of the drug.
Acute surgical pathology.
Pregnancy and lactation. This contraindication is relative, since the use of laxatives based on lactulose (Duphalac) can be prescribed to pregnant women and even infants.

Possible side effects

allergy;
frequent diarrhea, which contributes to the washing out of the necessary elements from the gastrointestinal tract (K, Na, Mg, etc.);
violation of the processes of absorption of nutrients;
inflammation of the intestinal walls;
intestinal obstruction;
dyspeptic symptoms: nausea, vomiting, belching;
perianal itching.

The above side effects do not always occur, more often in people who abuse laxatives for a long time. To prevent such unpleasant symptoms between courses of taking drugs, it is necessary to take breaks.

Other methods to enhance peristalsis

The use of drug therapy is advisable with an integrated approach to the treatment of constipation. So, to ensure the best therapeutic effect, in addition to drugs, it is used:

Diet. Exclusion from the diet of fatty, smoked, fried. You need to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day (excluding soups, compotes, etc.), eat a few vegetables or fruits, ideally a few more nuts and prunes (see Foods that increase intestinal motility). The daily diet should include bran, cereals on the water, foods with a high content of vegetable fiber. In the morning, half an hour before breakfast, you need to drink a glass of cool water, a glass of fresh kefir also gives a good result an hour before bedtime.
Physiotherapy. This includes the exercise "Bicycle", squats, self-massage of the abdomen, playing sports.
Cold and hot shower.
Avoidance of stress.
Rejection of bad habits.

How to improve intestinal motility - recovery and treatment

Statistics show that a large part of the population of developed countries suffers from diseases associated with the gastrointestinal tract. It is the digestive system that is one of the first to begin to lose its functions, which entails the development of all kinds of pathologies and diseases. Even in ancient times, doctors advised to change the lifestyle and diet in order to cope with ailments.

Good health and performance of the body at any age depends on the proper functioning of the intestines. Any malfunction of the digestive system immediately affects the well-being of a person and becomes a prerequisite for weakening the immune system and the development of unwanted pathologies. Let us consider in more detail what happens to the body in violation of intestinal motility (dyskinesia), how to deal with this condition and restore the normal functioning of the digestive tract.

What is peristalsis?

Intestinal peristalsis is a wave-like contraction of the walls of a hollow tubular organ, which promotes the movement of the food bolus from its upper sections to the outlets. The peristalsis of the digestive tract plays a crucial role in the process of digestion, helping to move digested food from the upper intestines to the lower ones.

In the process of peristaltic movements, smooth muscles located in the walls of the intestine in two layers are involved. In one layer, the muscle fibers are located longitudinally, in the other - circularly. The coordinated movements of these muscles create a peristaltic wave, the frequency of which in different departments will be different.

So, in the small intestine, several types of peristaltic waves propagate, which differ from each other in the speed of passage through the intestine and are very slow, slow, fast and impetuous. At the same time, several peristaltic waves can simultaneously pass along the small intestine.

In the large intestine, digested food moves more slowly than in other parts of the intestine, respectively, and the speed of the peristaltic wave will be less. But several times a day, strong contractions occur in the intestine, moving its contents towards the anus.

Peristaltic movements in the colon occur under the action of a reflex after the food fills the stomach. Normally, the frequency of peristaltic waves is: in the duodenum - contractions per minute, in the small intestine - 9-12, in the large intestine - 3-4 or 6-12, in the rectum - about 3.

This condition causes the development of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which manifest themselves as stool disorders (constipation, diarrhea), inflammatory processes, the formation of ulcers and polyps. In order to prevent such unfortunate consequences, it is necessary to know about the risk factors that cause intestinal disorders.

Causes leading to impaired peristalsis

Weak intestinal motility can be caused by a number of provoking factors:

Unbalanced diet with a predominance of high-calorie foods of small volume in the diet
Chronic diseases of the intestines and internal organs (liver, pancreas, gallbladder)
Benign and malignant tumors of the intestine
Surgical operations on the abdominal organs
Lack of active lifestyle (lack of exercise)
age factor
genetic predisposition
Disorders in the work of the central nervous system, prolonged stress
Taking medications that affect intestinal motility

Errors in nutrition are the main cause of constipation. Many people are used to satisfying their hunger with quick snacks, preferring a sausage sandwich or fast food products in combination with carbonated drinks or strong coffee to a full meal. As a result of the consumption of flour and starchy foods containing excess fat and sugar, the processes of fermentation and decay begin in the intestines.

Through the walls of the large intestine, toxic substances penetrate into the abdominal cavity, poisoning the surrounding organs (liver, kidneys). Already by the age of 40, the intestines are heavily slagged, so-called fecal stones begin to form, the passage of which through the digestive tract causes damage to its mucous membrane. The lack of peristalsis leads to persistent constipation, stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs, the development of hemorrhoids, the formation of polyps and tumors.

For the normal functioning of the intestines and the vital activity of beneficial microorganisms, a slightly acidic environment and a sufficient amount of dietary fiber are necessary, which can be obtained by eating vegetables, fruits, cereals, and sour-milk products.

The proper functioning of the intestines largely depends on lifestyle. The onset of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is provoked by sedentary work, lack of movement and adequate physical activity. To enhance intestinal motility, it is necessary to carry out a set of daily exercises, including morning exercises and warm-up at work. Great benefits will bring long walks in the fresh air.

In old age, intestinal motility disorders are caused by the progression of concomitant diseases, hormonal causes, muscle atrophy and a decrease in muscle tone. In old age, constipation of the atonic type predominates, the development of which is associated with a violation of the innervation of the nerve nodes responsible for the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and age-related tissue hypoxia.

Symptoms

Violations of intestinal motility (dyskinesia) are manifested by a wide variety of symptoms:

Frequent pain in the abdomen of different localization. The intensity of the pain syndrome can range from slight discomfort to acute spasms and increase or decrease depending on the time of day. For example, pain disappears after defecation or passing gases, they can subside in the afternoon and completely disappear during sleep, then resuming during breakfast, after taking drinks containing caffeine (coffee, strong tea). Pain can be exacerbated by emotional upheaval and stress.
Flatulence, bloating. Increased gas formation often accompanies the process of digestion of food.
Chair disorders. Characterized by persistent constipation, which can be replaced by diarrhea. Over time, constipation becomes chronic, and it is possible to achieve bowel emptying only with the help of laxatives or cleansing enemas.
Weight gain. Many patients, as the process of digestion and assimilation of food is disturbed, begin to gain extra pounds.
Deterioration of the general condition, weakness, irritability, insomnia.
The increase in symptoms of intoxication of the body, the development of allergic reactions, damage to the skin (acne, rash, pustules).

If such adverse symptoms occur, it is necessary to rush to see a doctor for diagnosis and timely treatment of the pathological condition of the intestine.

Diagnostics

It is rather difficult to diagnose intestinal motility disorders only on the basis of patient complaints, since the symptoms of dyskinesia are similar to the clinical picture of many gastrointestinal diseases. The doctor needs to exclude such pathologies of the intestines as colitis, diverticula, polyps of the rectum and colon, tumors.

For this, a complex of studies is carried out, including scatology, examination of feces for occult blood and dysbacteriosis, and hardware examinations (endoscopy and irrigoscopy). An important method of examination is colonoscopy with a biopsy (tissue sampling for histological examination). Diagnostic measures will clarify the cause of malfunctions in the digestive tract and help you understand how to restore intestinal motility.

Improvement and strengthening of intestinal motility

Treatment of intestinal peristalsis implies an integrated approach, including the prescription of drugs, dietary adjustments and the implementation of special exercises. A good result is the use of traditional medicine: decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs, the preparation of mixtures that enhance peristalsis.

Treatment with medications:

In the treatment of intestinal peristalsis disorders, drugs that have a stimulating effect, increase motility and increase the tone of the intestinal muscles (prozerin, aceclidin and vasopressin) are successfully used. All appointments should be made by a doctor, and medication should be taken under his supervision.

To enhance the contractile function of the intestine, laxatives are used. With their help, they accelerate the emptying of the intestines by increasing its peristalsis. Currently, there are a large number of various laxatives, their use will be due to the need to influence certain parts of the intestine. All laxatives can be divided into several main groups:

Laxatives, acting on the entire intestine. These are Epsom and Glauber's salts, they are considered the strongest and fastest acting remedies. When they are taken, the osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen increases, which prevents the absorption of the liquid part of the chyme and leads to increased peristalsis. The effect after taking occurs after 1-2 hours and promotes rapid emptying in case of acute constipation.
Laxatives that act on the small intestine. One such remedy is castor oil. Its reception facilitates the movement of contents through the intestines, increases its motility and speeds up the process of emptying. The effect after taking a laxative occurs within 2-6 hours and may be accompanied by moderate spastic abdominal pain.
Laxatives affecting the large intestine. Such drugs can be herbal or synthetic. Herbal preparations are based on medicinal herbs and plants: rhubarb roots, buckthorn, licorice, senna leaves and are available in the form of powders, tinctures, dry extracts, suppositories or drops. Their action is manifested in strengthening the tone of the colon and restoring the act of defecation. Such a modern preparation as Regulax contains senna leaves and fruits, plum and fig puree, paraffin, kafiol. It is well tolerated and used for intestinal atony caused by stress, physical inactivity and malnutrition.

Synthetic drugs include Phenolphthalein, Bisacodyl, Guttalax. These funds are available in the form of tablets, rectal suppositories, drops. Under their action, intestinal peristalsis is enhanced, they effectively help with constipation and intestinal atony that develops after surgical operations. But these drugs can become addictive, and their intake is accompanied by allergic reactions and intestinal colic.

Proper nutrition to improve intestinal motility

Of great importance in the treatment of impaired intestinal motility is the adjustment of nutrition. This will allow you to establish the normal functioning of the digestive system and cleanse the intestines of toxins. All foods, as they affect intestinal motility, can be divided into two large groups:

Hot drinks (tea, coffee, cocoa)
Red grape wines
Fresh white bread, rich pastries (cookies, muffins, pies, cakes, cakes)
Chocolate
Berry jelly on potato starch
Kashi (barley, rice, semolina), rice water
Any pureed soups, vegetable purees
Meat dishes, eggs, butter
Fruits: pear, quince and compotes from them
Berries: chokeberry, bird cherry

Contributing to increased intestinal motility:

Cold drinks: berry and fruit juices and compotes, kvass, white grape wines, mineral waters
Fresh dairy products: kefir, sour cream, yogurt, curdled milk
Ice cream (preferably fruit)
High-fiber vegetables: cabbage (fresh and sauerkraut), radish, turnips, radishes, carrots, beets. Watermelons, melons, cucumbers, tomatoes, legumes, onions have a good cleansing effect.
Berries and fruits: sour apples, apricots, plums, ripe persimmons. From berries - grapes, gooseberries, strawberries, blueberries, raspberries
Dried fruits: dried apricots, raisins, figs, prunes
Kashi: oatmeal, buckwheat, barley
Vegetable oils: sunflower, corn, olive, linseed
Wheat bran, bran bread
Seaweed, seafood
Greens, nuts

Vegetables are best eaten raw. Their ratio to thermally processed food should be 3:1. A good effect to enhance intestinal motility is the use of freshly squeezed juices: carrot, cabbage, beetroot and the use of salads from these vegetables seasoned with vegetable oil.

Try not to allow long breaks between meals, the best option would be 5-6 meals a day in small portions. With special care, you need to monitor the daily diet and exclude fried and fatty foods, smoked meats, canned food, flour dishes, pastries, and sweets from the menu.

You should eat more greens, cereals, cereals, raw vegetables and fruits, make salads daily with the addition of vegetable oil. A good effect is the use of sour-milk drinks, a glass of kefir at night is especially useful.

In the morning, before breakfast, you need to drink a glass of water, this will increase intestinal motility and will contribute to its emptying. Observe the drinking regimen, you should drink at least 1.5 liters of fluid per day.

Treatment with folk remedies

To restore intestinal motility, you can use proven folk recipes.

relaxing mixture. For its preparation you will need: one tablespoon of sprouted wheat grains, two apples, two tablespoons of oatmeal, one tablespoon of honey and chopped nuts, ½ lemon. Apples must be grated on a coarse grater and combined with the rest of the ingredients, add two tablespoons of warm water and juice from half a lemon. Mix the mixture thoroughly and take throughout the day without restrictions.
A mixture of dried fruits. It will take 400g of prunes and pitted dried apricots. Dried fruits are passed through a meat grinder and two tablespoons of propolis, a pack of senna herbs and 200 ml of liquid natural honey are added to them. The mixture is thoroughly mixed and taken two teaspoons at night with warm water.
Buckthorn decoction. A tablespoon of buckthorn bark is brewed with 500 ml of boiling water, insisted and drunk as tea.
Plantain seeds. In the intestines, the seeds of this plant swell, help the formation of feces and easy emptying. Psyllium seeds should be ground in a coffee grinder and taken one teaspoon before meals.
Wheat bran. Take 1-2 tablespoons with water. They contribute to the formation of a sufficient volume of feces and effectively cleanse the intestines.

In combination with these measures, one should not forget about physical activity. Try to move more, take long walks in the fresh air. Engage in active sports, run, swim, exercise.

A set of exercises to restore peristalsis

The normalization of peristalsis will contribute to such sports as running, riding, swimming, tennis. Daily massage of the abdomen, dousing with cold water and a set of exercises that can be performed at home will help. These exercises will help strengthen the abdominal muscles and increase intestinal motility:

The exercise is performed from the supine position. The legs are lifted and perform movements as when riding a bicycle. At the same time, the abdominal muscles are toned, and blood flow in the pelvic area is increased.
From the starting position “lying on the back”, they wrap around the legs bent at the knees and press them tightly to the stomach, remaining in this position for several seconds. This exercise stimulates the intestines and promotes the release of gases.
Take the starting position "kneeling". The legs are alternately straightened and pulled back, while bending in the back. Exercise strengthens muscles and eliminates congestion in the pelvic organs.
They take the starting position "kneeling" with an emphasis on the elbows and palms, the head is lowered. Squat alternately on the buttocks, first dropping to the left side, then to the right. Exercise helps to restore peristalsis and gas discharge.
We download the press. This exercise can be performed in the morning without getting out of bed and slowly lifting the upper body 10 to 20 times.
Squats. They are best performed at the final stage of charging and try to do each squat as slowly as possible.
Jumping in place. Active jumping will help stimulate the intestines. You can use a jump rope to perform jumps.

A complex of therapeutic measures should be prescribed by a doctor. The patient's task is to strictly follow the recommendations, correct nutrition and increase physical activity. This will restore normal bowel function and ensure full recovery.

7 modern drugs to normalize intestinal motility

The use of homogeneous food, physical inactivity, stress, various diseases often cause such a violation of intestinal motility as hypotension. In this case, the work of the intestine slows down or stops altogether, causing the development of constipation. To restore its function, it is usually enough to follow an appropriate diet and remove the source of stress. But in some cases, medication is still necessary.

Drugs that improve intestinal motility

Preparations for the regulation of intestinal motility

Laktiol (Exportal) is the safest laxative, similar in action to lactulose, but is considered more stable in its action and is better perceived by patients;
Lactulose (Duphalac and Normaze, Prelax) is a mild laxative that ensures the restoration of intestinal motility and its microflora. It is considered safe, therefore it is prescribed for children and even pregnant women;
Mucofalk is a herbal preparation based on psyllium husks. It contributes to the normalization of the activity of the mucous membrane of the large intestine and does not have an irritating effect. It is also approved for use by pregnant women;
Linaclotide is a new selective enterokinetic that has virtually no side effects at therapeutic doses. The drug is used only 1 time per day. Due to its effectiveness and relative safety, it may soon become a leader in the treatment of intestinal hypotension and constipation;
Prucalopride (Resolor) is a highly effective selective enterokinetic used to treat chronic constipation. Stimulates the motility of the large intestine, increases the frequency of defecation. The drug is quite safe, but not recommended for pregnant women and breastfeeding;
Domperidone (Motilium, Motilac) is the most commonly prescribed prokinetic at the moment, because has significantly fewer side effects compared to metoclopromide, cisapride, etc. Provides improved gastric motility, as well as other parts of the gastrointestinal tract;
Itopride (Ganaton, Itomed) - a new prokinetic, is considered promising and is recommended for admission in the initial stages of the manifestation of malaise, because. has a dual mechanism of action. Side effects are less pronounced than with domperidone.

Overview of constipation medications

Constipation is called systematically insufficient, difficult, delayed bowel movements. According to statistics, this problem is present in % of the population of various age groups. Constipation can occur for various reasons, and its clinical manifestations are also varied. The treatment of this condition requires an exclusively individual approach from the doctor and includes a whole range of measures: a special diet, a change in the patient's lifestyle and lifestyle, drug therapy. This article will discuss drugs that can be used by doctors in the treatment of constipation.

Classification of drugs used to treat constipation

The drugs used to correct this condition have different mechanisms of action, depending on which they are combined into the following pharmacological groups:

prokinetics: drugs that increase the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract;
drugs that regulate intestinal motility;
laxatives;
myotropic antispasmodics;
preparations for the correction of the intestinal microbial environment.

Drugs that enhance the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, or prokinetics

This group includes several well-known drugs: domperidone (Motoricum), mosapride (Mosid), metoclopramide (Cerucal) and itopride hydrochloride (Primer), but only one of them, the last one, is usually used to treat constipation.

Itopride hydrochloride (Ganaton, Zirid, Itomed, Primer)

Since this drug affects not only the upper digestive tract, but also the intestines, increasing its peristalsis, it is widely used to treat constipation. Its mechanism of action is due to the blockade of special receptors - D2-dopaminergic, as well as stimulation of the synthesis of the hormones motillin and somatostatin.

Itopride is well and rapidly absorbed in the digestive tract, its maximum concentration in the blood is observed within minutes after the first dose. It is actively distributed in tissues, penetrates into breast milk. Through the blood-brain barrier penetrates in small quantities. The half-life of the drug is 6 hours. Excreted from the body mainly in the urine.

It is not an independent treatment for constipation, but is used as part of the complex therapy of this condition.

Available in the form of tablets containing 50 mg of active ingredient.

Itopride is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to it by the patient's body, with gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction (blockage of the lumen) of the intestine or perforation (perforation) of its wall. It is also not recommended to take the drug during pregnancy and lactation.

Against the background of taking this drug, the following undesirable effects may develop:

allergic reactions (skin rash with or without itching, anaphylaxis);
changes in the general blood test: a decrease in the level of leukocytes (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombopenia);
in a biochemical blood test - an increase in the levels of hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin;
headache, dizziness, tremor;
gynecomastia, hyperprolactinemia;
increased salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, diarrhea, constipation.

Drugs that regulate intestinal motility

Drugs of this group have an effect on type 4 serotonin receptors and are their agonists. One of the effects of serotonin is its participation in the regulation of intestinal secretion, visceral sensitivity and intestinal motility, and type 4 serotonin receptors contribute to the maintenance of normal functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Among drugs that have a similar effect, a special role belongs to the drug tegaserod (Fractal).

Tegaserod (Fractal)

This substance is a partial agonist of type 4 serotonin receptors, that is, by combining with them, it causes their physiological response. As a result, the production of digestive juices is activated, the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract improve: the transit time of food through the intestines decreases, and tension during the act of defecation decreases. The number of bowel movements increases, the consistency of feces becomes softer, pain and discomfort in the abdomen decreases.

When taken orally, it is only partially absorbed. The maximum concentration in the blood is observed 1 hour after a single dose. Excreted with urine and feces.

Available in the form of tablets of 6 mg.

It is recommended to take 1 tablet orally before meals twice a day for 1-1.5 months. Improvement in the patient's condition is noted already at the end of the first week of regular administration of the drug and continues for another 3 months after its withdrawal.

Fractal is not used in children under 18 years of age, in case of a history of intestinal obstruction, adhesive disease, severe liver and kidney dysfunction, clinically significant diseases of the gallbladder.

While taking the drug, its side effects occasionally appear, such as:

dizziness, headache, migraine attacks, sleep disorders, depression;
nausea, vomiting, belching, increased appetite, pain in the abdomen, false urge to defecate, diarrhea, exacerbation of cholecystitis, partial intestinal obstruction;
attacks of bronchial asthma;
lowering blood pressure, arrhythmias, angina pectoris;
frequent urination, pain in the kidney area, the appearance of albumin protein in the urine;
increased menstrual bleeding, threatened miscarriage, ovarian cyst;
increased blood levels of hepatic transaminases, creatine phosphokinase, bilirubin;
allergic reactions: skin itching, rashes, angioedema;
pain in the back, legs, joints, leg cramps, increased risk of developing breast tumors.

There are no data on the safety of taking tegaserod in such categories of patients as pregnant and breastfeeding women, so they are not recommended to take this drug.

Laxatives

The drugs in this group are also classified according to the mechanism of action.

1. Drugs that increase the volume of intestinal contents. This is a group of drugs that absorb a large amount of water, as a result of which the stools become very voluminous and softer, intestinal peristalsis is activated and the rate of passage of fecal masses through it increases.

These drugs include:

Wheat bran. Before use, they must be steamed with boiling water and taken 3-6 tablespoons per day. You can just add to food. Against the background of taking bran, bloating often develops.
Plantain seed preparations. Actively bind water. In the course of treatment, it is necessary to consume increased volumes of fluid in order to prevent the development of intestinal obstruction. The most well-known psyllium preparations are Mucofalk (take 1 sachet 2-3 times a day with 1/2 glass of water; the course of treatment is 4-6 weeks) and Defenorm (the recommended dose is 1-2 capsules twice a day for 1 -1.5 months or more).
Also, seaweed has the properties of this group of substances. It is recommended to use it for constipation as desired.

2. Laxatives, softening feces. Preparations of this group contribute to the evacuation of hard feces, softening it. These include mineral and vegetable oils. Due to the possibility of malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins, decreased rectal sensitivity and the likelihood of spontaneous leakage of intestinal contents from the anus, these drugs are not taken for a long time, but are prescribed only for a short time. Can be taken orally or used in the form of oil enemas.

Olive oil. It is recommended to take poml (about 3-4 tablespoons). For the purpose of conducting an enema, ml of oil is used.
Vaseline oil. The dosages are the same.

3. Osmotic laxatives. They retain water in the intestines, increasing its content in the feces, which speeds up and improves the process of defecation. As a rule, they are not used for long-term treatment of constipation, but are used before an X-ray or endoscopic examination of the colon in order to thoroughly, completely empty the intestines for better visualization of changes in the examined organ.

Magnesium sulfate. The recommended dose is ml.
Fleet Phospho-soda. It is applied according to the scheme described in detail in the instructions for use.
Fortrans. It is used on the eve of the examination according to the scheme described in the instructions.
Forlax. Unlike the drugs described above, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of constipation. The recommended single dose is 1-2 sachets, the frequency of administration is 2 times a day. The effect occurs 1-2 days after the 1st dose of the drug.

4. Non-absorbable (non-absorbable) di- and polysaccharides. The main drugs in this group are drugs based on lactulose. They have the properties of an osmotic laxative (that is, they retain water in the intestines) in combination with prebiotic properties (that is, they “feed” on beneficial intestinal bacteria). Safe. Can be appointed for a long time. Used in pregnant women.

Lactulose (Normaze, Dufalac, Lactulax, Lactuvit, Normolac) is a synthetic disaccharide that is not absorbed by the intestinal wall. After ingestion, it reaches the ileum unchanged, the intestinal microflora is broken down there with the formation of acids, which leads to acidification of the intestinal contents and an increase in osmotic pressure, which means an increase in the mass of feces and stimulation of intestinal motility. Also, in the process of processing the drug by bacteria, an excess amount of gas is formed, which leads to bloating. It is recommended to take 1-3 tablespoons (15-45 ml) before meals three times a day. The duration of treatment is 1-1.5 months.

5. Contact or irritant laxatives. The preparations of this group are characterized by a rapid (after 6-10 hours) onset of the effect and the elimination of the painful sensation of a full intestine. The mechanism of their action is due to irritation of specific receptors of the intestinal mucosa, provoking propulsive contractions of the muscles of the colon. Also, contact laxatives increase intestinal secretion and reduce the absorption of fluid from the intestinal cavity into the blood.

Due to their positive properties, these drugs are widely used by patients for self-treatment, but it is not recommended to get involved in them: their metabolic products have a damaging effect on the intestinal epithelium, which over time will lead to impaired absorption and secretion processes, and also worsen intestinal motility. Because of these negative effects, stimulant laxatives should not be taken for a long time. In addition, with prolonged use, tolerance to the ongoing treatment may develop, as well as cramping abdominal pain and false urge to defecate.

Senna preparations: Senade, Senadexin, Glaxenna. Apply 1-3 tablets twice a day, no more than 14 days in a row.
Sodium picosulfate - Guttalax, Picolax. It has a milder effect than senna preparations. It is recommended to take it drop by drop or 1-2 tablets once a day.
Bisacodyl. It is recommended to use 1 suppository in the rectum 1 time per day (preferably at night).

Myotropic antispasmodics

Once in the body, these drugs trigger a number of mechanisms, as a result of which contractions of muscle fibers decrease. They are used as part of the complex treatment of constipation, since the latter, as a rule, are accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen.

The best known drugs of this class are mebeverine and otilonium bromide.

Mebeverin (Duspatalin, Meverin, Mebsin retard)

Eliminates spasms of the smooth muscles of the intestine without affecting its peristalsis (does not reduce the tone of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract). It is recommended to take the drug 1 tablet (135 mg) three times a day or 1 capsule (200 mg) twice a day for 2-4 weeks. Take preferably minutes before meals.

During pregnancy and lactation, mebeverine should not be treated, since it has not been studied in these categories of patients.

Otilonium bromide (Spasmomen)

It has a pronounced antispastic effect on the smooth muscles of the digestive tract.

Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation.

Preparations for correcting the intestinal microbial environment, or bacterial preparations

They are not used on their own to treat constipation, but in combination with drugs that improve intestinal motility, their use is fully advisable.

These drugs increase the amount of beneficial microflora in the intestines, which improves digestion and helps to activate the motor function of the colon. When combined with the intake of bacterial preparations with dietary fiber, which are prebiotics, the effectiveness of the treatment will be much higher.

Take probiotics in courses for 2-4 weeks.

Laktovit forte - take 4 capsules per day in 2 divided doses 40 minutes before meals;
Lactobacterin - it is recommended to take 5 tablets or 2-3 ampoules of the drug three times a day;
Bifiform - 2-4 capsules per day in 1-2 doses;
Extralact - take 1 capsule 3 times a day half an hour before meals;
Bifidumbacterin - the recommended daily dose is 15 doses, the frequency of administration is 3 times.

Microclysters

Separately, it should be said about the drugs used in this dosage form. The most famous among them is sodium docusate (Norgalax).

When introduced into the rectum, the active substance helps to soften the stool and initiates a bowel movement reflex. The effect is noted within 5-20 minutes after administration.

As a rule, it is used in preparation for endoscopy of the lower colon and in the absence of defecation in the puerperal within 3 days.

Using a special tube-cannula, the gel is injected into the rectum. If necessary, the procedure is repeated every other day.

The use of this drug is contraindicated in case of exacerbation of hemorrhoids, hemorrhagic colitis and proctitis, in case of anal fissures.

So, the modern pharmacological industry offers a huge number of drugs that will help the patient cope with such a delicate problem as constipation, but we draw your attention to the fact that only a doctor should prescribe them!

Which doctor to contact

With persistent constipation, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist, since this symptom can be a manifestation of severe intestinal diseases, up to a cancerous tumor. If constipation is caused by an unhealthy diet, a nutritionist can help by adjusting the foods you eat. In some cases, constipation is associated with diseases of the endocrine system, in particular, hypothyroidism, then it is necessary to treat the underlying disease with an endocrinologist. For constipation in a pregnant woman, you need to consult with an obstetrician-gynecologist and a general practitioner. Before and after surgical interventions on the intestines, a surgeon or proctologist will prescribe laxatives.

22275 0

Prevention and elimination of intestinal paresis. Changes in the motor and evacuation functions of the gastrointestinal tract that occur after operations on the abdominal organs often require special measures. Depending on the severity of these violations, three degrees can be distinguished.

The first degree is a natural adaptive response of the stomach and intestines to surgical trauma. It is characterized by functional disorders in the form of moderate paresis of the stomach and colon and changes in the contractile activity of the small intestine, which appear within 2-5 days.

With an uncomplicated course and proper management of patients in the postoperative period, the restoration of the motor function of the intestine usually occurs without any special treatment. A reliable clinical sign of the beginning of the restoration of the motor-evacuation function of the intestine should be considered a regular discharge of gases.

With the second degree of inhibition of gastrointestinal motility, there may be a short-term feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region, nausea, not accompanied by vomiting, and slight bloating. The combination of the last two symptoms indicates the development of a moderate paresis of the gastrointestinal tract with a violation of the gastrointestinal evacuation. In such cases, regardless of the type and severity of the operation performed, patients are shown infusion therapy, evacuation of gastric contents through a tube and stimulation of intestinal motility. The latter should be carried out against the background of adequate correction of cardiovascular, respiratory and hemocirculatory disorders, energy, water-salt and other metabolic disorders.

It is advisable to administer intravenously up to 4 times a day a polyionic solution of the following composition: glucose 20% - 400 ml, potassium chloride 4% - 20 ml, calcium chloride 10% - 5 ml, magnesium sulfate 25% - 1 ml, insulin - 20-25 units, papaverine 2% -2 ml, aminofillin 2.4% -5 ml. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out oxygen therapy and carry out ganglionic and sympathetic blockade. The latter are provided by a combination of an N-anticholinergic with α- and β-blockers or epidural anesthesia with the administration of trimecaine or lidocaine every 2 hours.

It is advisable to stimulate intestinal motility by partial ganglion blockade with benzohexonium with pyrroxane (or butyroxane) at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg and obzidan (Inderal) at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg, they are administered intramuscularly under the control of pulse and blood pressure. Then, after 45-60 minutes, a 0.05% solution of proserin should be injected intramuscularly - for adults at a dose of 1-2 ml once or again after 2 hours. 30 minutes after the injection of prozerin, you need to put an enema with a 10% sodium chloride solution - 100 ml, and then insert a gas outlet tube. Often a massage of the anterior abdominal wall and a camphor or ethereal compress on the stomach give a positive effect.

The third degree of intestinal paresis is characterized by severe bloating. In the epigastric region, splash noise is often determined. During auscultation, peristaltic noises may be completely absent for a long time, but rare and weak sounds of peristalsis are heard more often. When a probe is inserted into the stomach, up to 300-500 ml of stagnant contents without pathological impurities are usually evacuated. More than 2-5 days after the operation, gas retention is noted.

Treatment of severe paresis of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily aimed at preventing intestinal paralysis and includes the above complex of medications and physical means. All patients are shown gastric probing with constant evacuation of its contents. If possible, oxygen-barotherapy should be carried out. A fairly effective method for the prevention and treatment of postoperative intestinal paresis is the introduction of novocaine into the base of the mesentery of the small intestine through a thin PVC tube installed during the operation. Within 2-5 days (before gas escapes), 50 ml of a warm 0.25% solution of novocaine and 10 thousand IU of heparin are injected into the tube 3-4 times a day.

The progression of initial postoperative motor-evacuation disorders and their subsequent transition to the stage of deep paresis and paralysis of the intestine in the vast majority of cases are due to secondary complications. Therefore, with the appearance of pronounced and persistent disorders of the function of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to suspect the occurrence of severe postoperative complications.

A real help in differential diagnosis can be provided by an x-ray examination, before which the patient is allowed to drink no more than three sips of a liquid barium suspension. Giving a patient a large amount of thick contrast should be considered a gross mistake, as a result of which a complete intestinal obstruction can develop from partial intestinal obstruction. Practice shows that a contrast x-ray study in dynamics provides valuable information only with high intestinal obstruction, when the results of the study can be obtained in the first 2-3 hours. At lower levels of obstruction, the value of this research method is greatly reduced, since in such cases there are many time is spent on the study itself, and the timing for early surgical treatment may be missed.

Nechaev E.A.

Manual for Intensive Care in Military Medical Institutions of the SA and Navy