Metal cables served as the basis for the creation of the world's first cable car. For the first time, a metal rope was created in 1834 by an inventor from Germany named Albert Vogts. Several decades passed and the first cable car appeared on the territory of Switzerland, which was intended to carry passengers. This highway, unusual by the standards of those times, was used to transport tourist groups to the observation deck. A lot of time has passed since then and similar means of transportation have appeared in different parts of the world. Today we will try to understand what lies at the heart of the operation of the cable car.
Principle of operation
Currently, there are mono-rope and dual-rope overhead roads... The first option is characterized by the fact that the same rope acts as a bearing and traction element, which is closed in a ring. It is formed from many steel wires that are twisted into strands around a rigid base in the middle. Passenger cabins move along a closed path and are attached to the rope using special clamps. Once at the end point, each booth is detached and moved to an overhead conveyor moving along the rails due to the traveling wheels. The speed of movement is reduced to a minimum, the doors are opened, after which passengers can leave their seats. The car itself continues to move along the conveyor in the opposite direction, where new passengers get into it. Then the cab doors are closed, the speed is set to the same value as the rope moves. At the moment of derailment, the booth clings to the rope with the help of clamps and continues to move in a given direction. Moving the entire system is possible thanks to a friction drive with a special pulley.
Two-cable ropeways are arranged in a slightly different way. In this scheme, the passenger cabins are attached to the carrying rope and move along it due to special roller wheels placed on the roof. The load-carrying rope extends from the start of the ascent to the highest point and is supported on the load-bearing masts. The second rope in this design is traction. Booths are attached to it, playing the role of support. When the distance between the passenger cabins is large enough, the rope can seriously sag. To avoid this, support rollers are mounted on the supports. The traction rope is driven by a drive, due to which the entire chain moves.
Modern cable cars are equipped with centralized system control, which is served by the dispatcher. To ensure safety, special sensors are used to monitor the distance between the cabins. This approach avoids collisions while driving. Sometimes a wind system is installed that can automatically reduce the speed of movement of the cabins in strong winds and send an appropriate warning to the dispatcher.
During peak hours, some modern cable cars are capable of transporting up to 2,000 people per hour. The longest cable car was built in Sweden. The 96 km long highway has been used in the past to transport ore from Lapland to the coastal region of the Gulf of Bothnia. Later, one of the sections of this highway was turned into the world's longest passenger cable car, the length of which is 13.2 km.
Recall that not so long ago we talked about how the railway cable car works. You can find out more about this by clicking on.
The cable car takes passengers to one of the hills of San Francisco.
In places where the inclines are too steep for the movement of conventional trains, cable cars quietly move up and down. Modern cable cars lift and lower people on mountain slopes and ferry them through deep gorges.
Some cable cars run on a track, while others are attached to ropes stretched through the air. But they all have gripping devices that allow the carriage to catch on to a rope moving between two stations. On some cable cars - like the one in San Francisco - the operator controls the mechanical gripper. This gripper clamps the rope, which moves in a special groove below the surface. In order to stop the carriage, the operator only needs to release the gripper. And the rope continues to move non-stop.
Brakes
If the rope bursts or its tension is weakened on the cable car in mountainous terrain, a spring is automatically triggered, compressing the rail with wedges on both sides. In this way, in the event of an accident, the possibility of uncontrolled rolling of the carriage off the mountain is prevented.
Crossing traffic
If there is a double-track section on the cable car, the oncoming cars can separate. Cars on these roads have double wheels. One wheel has a double flange rim, the other has a smooth rim. When approaching the siding, the double-flanged wheels force the carriage to always switch to the left track
Funicular
Funicular is suspended type of cable car, where the carriages move uphill and downhill on two ropes stretched in the air. The wagon wheels rotate along a fixed rope acting as a support. The gripping device of the wagon engages with a movable rope, which pulls the wagon between stations. The guide rails at each station release the grippers and remove the cars from the ropes. When the car is ready to be dispatched again, it descends from the guide rail onto the ropes. The lower station has a special mechanism that keeps the ropes taut.
Cable car Nizhny Novgorod - Bor opened on February 12, 2012. Since then, the cable car has become a convenient and favorite mode of transport for residents. Nizhny Novgorod and Bora making regular trips between these cities. Cable car Nizhny Novgorod - Bor, lying over the Volga saves travel time, saves from traffic jams and presents a unique opportunity enjoy the views of the Volga River for the guests of Nizhny Novgorod.
For 5 years, the cable car has transported more than 9,000,000 people.
The cable car, built in Nizhny Novgorod, is the cable car with the longest span over the water surface in Russia and Europe (861.21 m).
In our article we will talk about the schedule of the cable car for 2019, cable car fare, directions to the cable car landing stations, as well as safety guarantees when using the cable car.
How to get to the cable car Nizhny Novgorod - Bor
If you are planning your trip from Nizhny Novgorod, then first you need to get to one of the 2 bus stops nearby to the cable car station: "Sennaya bus station" or "Sennaya square". The next landmark is the Nizhny Novgorod Cathedral Mosque. Also, with a certain amount of observation, you can find several tablets "Cable car" indicating the direction of the path. After passing the mosque, and moving towards the Volga, you will find yourself in some 50 meters from the Nizhny Novgorod cable car station.
The residents of the city of Bora were even more fortunate, as a special bus stop"Cable car", having reached which you can continue your journey by air. In addition to the above, the exact location of the Nizhny Novgorod and Borskaya stations can be viewed on the cartographic materials below.
Cable car: how to get there?
Cable car fare
So you are at the station and it's time to buy your ticket. In 2019 price one way cable car ticket is 100 rubles. Children under 7 years old can travel by cable car for free, but starting from 7 years old they will have to pay full cost travel. The purchased ticket is valid for the day of purchase.
Purchased tickets are non-refundable. Refunds, in the event of an established malfunction of the travel ticket through no fault of the passenger, is carried out if the passenger has a check issued when purchasing the travel ticket
* When buying a non-personal travel ticket in the form of a plastic card, an additional fee for card activation is charged in the amount of 50 rubles.
There is a preferential fare for full-time students of daytime departments of institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education. In order to take advantage of this benefit, you will need to purchase a concessional travel ticket of the corresponding denomination.
** For full-time students of daytime departments of institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education (technical schools, technical schools, universities). Tickets are valid for one calendar month. Unused trips will be canceled.
Last week we told you about how the cable car works, but today we will talk about another type of cable car - the rail. Vehicles that carry passengers or goods on them are called funiculars. For the first time using the funicular as passenger transport was proposed in 1825, and almost 30 years later the idea was implemented simultaneously in the Italian city of Genoa and the Austrian city of Sommering. Today there are about 400 cable cars in the world. Most of them are located in the USA and Switzerland. How does the cable car work - more on that in today's issue!
There are two main types of funiculars: one-car and two-car. The principle of operation of the first of them is quite simple: an engine located at the top of the cable car alternately raises and lowers the carriage using a rope. On some roads, the operator controls the movement using a mechanical grip. The gripper compresses the rope, which moves in a special groove under the surface. In order to stop the carriage, the operator only needs to release the gripper. At the same time, the rope continues to move non-stop.
The most common type of funicular is with two non-motorized carriages. They are rigidly connected by a rope thrown over a pulley. The pulley itself and the motor that rotates it are also located at the top station of the funicular. The engine sets in motion a rope laid between the support rails, at the ends of which the cars are fixed. Thus, they always move and stop at the same time, and disperse exactly in the middle of the line. Such a scheme is the most economical: energy is spent not on lifting and lowering the cars, but actually on moving the difference in weight between two cars loaded in different ways by passengers, as well as on overcoming the friction force and braking. It should be noted that the movement of the rope moving the cars is reversible. Its direction changes whenever a carriage or carriages reach the end of the line.
If a two-car cable car has only one pair of rails, then a double-track section is made in the middle of the route so that oncoming cars can separate. Cars on these roads have different wheels on opposite sides. The left side has a double flange rim and the right side has a smooth rim. When approaching the siding, the double-flanged wheels force the carriage to always switch to the left track.
If a rope bursts or its tension is weakened on the cable car, a spring is automatically triggered, compressing the rail with wedges on both sides. In the event of an accident, this prevents the possibility of uncontrolled rolling of the car from the mountain.
Funicular runs are usually kept fairly short - typically a few hundred meters - with a steep incline of up to 35 degrees. The slope of the cable car is usually constant, but sometimes varies slightly on different sections. Funicular cars are designed individually for each route, taking into account its steepness. At the same time, the cable car lines never form networks, do not fork or intersect.
How it works? | Rail cable car Hi-News.ru
