What is the engine on the VAZ 2106. All VAZ cars

The VAZ-2106 engine is applicable to installation on VAZ-2103, 2106, 21053, 2107 cars. The 2106 engine was created by modifying the VAZ-2103 engine. The engine capacity was increased from 1.5 liters to 1.6 liters by increasing the bore. The result of the modifications was an increased engine power, 74.5 hp. instead of 71 hp

Engine characteristics VAZ 2106/2121 Niva

ParameterValue
Configuration L
Number of cylinders 4
Volume, l 1,570
Cylinder diameter, mm 79
Piston stroke, mm 80
Compression ratio 8,5
Number of valves per cylinder 2 (1-inlet; 1-outlet)
Gas distribution mechanism SOHC
The order of the cylinders 1-3-4-2
Engine rated power / at crankshaft speed 54.8 kW - (74.5 HP) / 5400 rpm
Maximum torque / at crankshaft speed 104 N m / 3400 rpm
Supply system Carburetor
Recommended minimum octane number of gasoline 92
Environmental standards Euro 0
Weight, kg 121

Design

Four-stroke engine with carburetor power system, in-line cylinders and pistons rotating one common crankshaft, with one overhead camshaft. The engine has a closed-type forced circulation liquid cooling system. Combined lubrication system: under pressure and spray.

Cylinder block

The cylinder block is its own, it is marked 2106-1002011, it is cast from high-strength cast iron, differs from block 2103 only in the increased cylinder diameter.

Connecting rod

Forged steel connecting rods from model 2101.

Piston

The engine uses pistons from the VAZ 21011.

ParameterValue
Diameter, mm 79,0
Compression height, mm 38,0
Internal notch volume, ss 3,7
Weight, g 377

The outer diameter of the piston pin 21101 is 22 mm, its pin length is 67 mm. The weight of the sewing pin is 104 g.

Cylinder head

The cylinder head is used from 21011. The camshaft is driven by a double-row sleeve chain.

The production of the car VAZ 2106 was launched in 1976. This model replaced the VAZ 2103 and differed from it both externally and internally. So, the new model has new bumpers with plastic corners and fangs, and a more powerful engine of 1600 cc. Then it was the most powerful passenger car of Soviet production.

The VAZ 2106 car was produced in different modifications with different engine sizes of 1.3 and 1.5 liters. It has a roomy interior with fabric upholstery, an informative panel, good chassis characteristics, and incredible endurance.

Technical characteristics of VAZ 2106 dimensions length 4166 mm, width 1611 mm, and height 1440 mm, ground clearance 17 cm, luggage compartment size 345 liters, curb weight of the car 1035 kg. Rear wheel drive, with five gears.

For 30 years of production and operation of the car, a huge experience has been accumulated in the field of repair and tuning of the car. Engine power and maximum speed of 150 km / h are not even the most important positive characteristics of this car. VAZ 2106 is a classic of the domestic auto industry with its own history and with a special attitude to it of every inhabitant of our country.

The device of the VAZ 2106 showed that this car can be operated in different conditions for many years, of course, provided that the driver knows how to carry out minor repairs of the VAZ 2106 with his own hands, knows the instructions for the VAZ 2106 and all the technical details. Well, the repair and operation of the VAZ 2106 at its cost is one of the lowest for domestic cars.

Specifications VAZ 2106

Engine 1.3l, 8-cl. 1.5L, 8-cl. 1.6l, 8-cl. 1.6l, 8-cl.
Length, mm 4166 4166 4166 4116
Width, mm 1611 1611 1611 1611
Height, mm 1444 1440 1440 1440
Wheelbase, mm 2424 2424 2424 2424
Front track, mm 1365 1365 1365 1365
Back track, mm 1321 1321 1321 1321
Clearance, mm 170 170 170 170
Trunk volume, l 345 345 345 325
Body type / number of doors Sedan / 4
Engine location Front, longitudinal
Engine volume, cm 3 1300 1452 1596 1596
Cylinder type Inline
Number of cylinders 4 4 4 4
Piston stroke, mm 66 80 80 80
Cylinder diameter, mm 79 76 79 79
Compression ratio 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5
Number of valves per cylinder 2 2 2 2
Supply system Carburetor
Power, hp / rev. min. 64/5600 72/5600 75/5400 75/5400
Torque 92/3400 104/3400 116/3200 116/3000
Fuel type AI-92 AI-92 AI-92 AI-92
Drive unit Rear Rear Rear Rear
Gearbox type / number of gears Manual transmission / 4 Manual transmission / 4 Manual transmission / 4 Manual transmission / 5
Gear ratio of the main pair 4,1 4,1 4,1 4,11
Front suspension type Double wishbone
Rear suspension type Coil spring
Steering type Worm gear
Fuel tank volume, l 39 39 39 39
Maximum speed, km / h 145 150 150 155
Curb vehicle weight, kg 1035 1035 1035 1050
Permissible total weight, kg 1435 1435 1435 1445
Tires 175/70 R13
Acceleration time (0-100 km / h), s 18 17 17,5 16
Fuel consumption in the urban cycle, l / 100 km 9,5 9,8 10,1 10,3

1. Brief technical characteristics of the machine or engine

2. Purpose, device and operation of KShM

3. Purpose, device and operation of the timing

4. Purpose of the power supply system, design and operation of its mechanisms

5. Purpose of lubrication and cooling systems, design and operation of their units

6 engine maintenance


1. Brief technical characteristics of the machine or engine

Engines is a machine that converts any kind of energy into mechanical energy. An internal combustion engine is installed on VAZ-2106 cars, that is, a heat engine, which uses the work of expanding the gaseous products of combustion of fuel burned in special chambers.

The VAZ-2106 engine consists of the following mechanisms and systems: a crank mechanism, a balancing mechanism, a gas distribution mechanism, a power system, a lubrication system, a cooling system, a starting system and an ignition system.

The skeleton of the engine is a block crankcase or crankcase, which are closed from above by a head, and from below by a pallet. Sealing gaskets are installed between the head and the crankcase, as well as between the crankcase and the sump.

Figure: 1. Car engine VAZ-2106: 1 - crankshaft: 2 - crankshaft toothed pulley; 3 - pulley for the fan drive of the water pump and generator; 4 - ratchet; 5 - camshaft drive cover, 6 - middle cover; 7-alternator pulley; 8 - toothed pulley of the oil pump drive and ignition distributor; 9 - fan; 10 - cylinder block; 11- tension roller; 12 - toothed belt; 13 - cylinder head; 14 - a camshaft toothed pulley; 15 - top cover; 16 - Exhaust valve; 17-inlet valve; 18 - a camshaft; 19- valve timing cover; 20 - cylinder head gasket; 21 - flywheel; 22 - bracket in front of her support; 23 - Front support cushion buffer; 24 - pillow; 25 - crankcase; 26 - piston: 27 - oil drain plug; 28 - connecting rod; 29 - pallet.

All mechanisms and systems of the engine are located inside or outside the frame.

2. Purpose, device and operation of KShM

The crank mechanism serves to convert the rectilinear reciprocating motion of the pistons into the rotary motion of the crankshaft. It includes: block 10 (see Fig. 1) cylinders, cylinder head 13, pistons 25 with compression and oil scraper rings, piston pins, connecting rods 28, crankshaft, main and connecting rod bearings, flywheel 21 and pallet 29.

Cylinder block The engine of a VAZ-2106 car of the block-crankcase type is cast from a special high-strength low-alloy cast iron together with cylinders, the inner surfaces of which are honed. To increase the rigidity of the structure, the lower plane of the block is located 50 mm below the crankshaft axis, and there are ribbed partitions in the areas of the main bearing supports. The space between the outer surface of the cylinder walls and the inner surface of the block walls forms a jacket. In the transverse partitions of the lower part of the block, there are five bearings of the crankshaft main bearings. The main bearing caps are non-interchangeable and are numbered for correct assembly. The block is closed from below with a steel stamped pallet, which contains the necessary supply of oil. In front of the block there are parts of the camshaft drive, which are closed with covers.

Cylinder heads engines are cast from an aluminum alloy, they are common to all cylinders. The heads are the main part of the combustion chamber, they also have inlet and outlet channels and threaded holes for installing spark plugs. The double walls of the head form a space connected to the cylinder cooling jacket where the coolant circulates. The head is attached to the cylinder block with bolts or studs.

Piston serves to perceive the force of gas pressure and transmit it through the piston pin and connecting rod to the crankshaft. The engine pistons are cast from aluminum alloys. The piston has two parts: the head and the skirt. The bottom of the head forms the bottom of the combustion chamber and absorbs the pressure of the gases as they expand. The head has grooves in which the piston rings are installed.

The skirt is the lower part of the piston, which serves to guide its movement in the cylinder.

Figure: 2. Details of the crank mechanism of the VAZ-2106 car engine: 1 - crankshaft; 2 - bearing shell of the lower connecting rod head; 3 - piston pin; 4- connecting rod; 5 - connecting rod cover bolt; 6 - cover of the lower head of the connecting rod; 7-piston head; 8 - boss; 9 holes; 10- flywheel; 11- bearing of the transmission drive shaft; 12- flywheel ring gear; 13 - thrust semi-ring; 14 - liners of the first, second, fourth and fifth main bearings; 15-shells of the third (central) main bearing; 16 - compression rings; 17-expansion spring; 18 - oil scraper ring; A - counterweight; B - connecting rod neck; B - root neck.

Due to the unequal expansion of the head and skirt (the head heats up more, and therefore expands more), the diameter of the head is made smaller than the diameter of the skirt. The piston skirt is oval in cross-section with a smaller oval axis in the plane of the piston pin and a larger one in the plane of action of lateral forces, which makes it possible to reduce the clearance between the piston and the cylinder and eliminate knocking when the engine is running cold. There are two bosses in the middle of the piston in the skirt 8 for installing the piston pin 3 .

On the bottoms of the pistons of the engine of a VAZ-2106 car, holes are milled 9 to prevent damage to parts of the timing mechanism and the piston itself.

Piston rings made of special cast iron have cuts (locks). Top two rings 16 (fig. 2 ) are compression, they serve to reduce gas leakage. The upper compression ring is chrome-plated, which increases its wear resistance and prevents the appearance of scuffing on the cylinder liners, the lower one is phosphated.

Third piston ring 18 - oil scraper, on the outer surface it has a groove and several slot-like slots to drain excess oil removed from the cylinder walls into the inner cavity of the piston. On the inner surface of the oil scraper ring, a groove is made into which a steel expansion spring is installed 17.

Piston pin 3 (Fig. 2) serves for the articulated connection of the piston to the connecting rod. It is hollow and made of steel, its outer surface is cemented or hardened by high frequency currents.

From longitudinal movement, as a result of which scuffing may occur on the cylinder walls, the piston pin in the VAZ-2106 engine is fixed in the upper connecting rod head by shrinking.

Connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft connecting rod journal. It serves to transfer the forces of gas pressure from the piston to the crankshaft during the working stroke, and during auxiliary strokes, the forces from the crankshaft to the piston. It is an I-beam with upper and lower heads. The lower head is split, thin-walled inserts are inserted into it 2.

Cranked shaft 1 (Fig. 2) VAZ engine - five-bearing, cast from special high-strength cast iron and installed in main bearings with bushings 14 and 15. Steel-aluminum inserts. They consist of two identical halves, which are held against turning by projections that enter the corresponding grooves. Counterweights are used to relieve the main bearings from centrifugal forces. AND, cast together with the shaft. In root necks AT, channels for supplying oil to the connecting rod bearings are drilled on the cheeks and connecting rod journals B, two pulleys are installed on the front end of the engine shaft, from one of them, using a toothed belt drive, the camshaft is driven, as well as the oil pump and ignition distributor, and from the other with conventional wedge a fan with a centrifugal water pump and a generator are driven by a belt.

All of these parts are mounted on segmented keys and secured with a ratchet screwed into the front end of the shaft. The ratchet is used to turn the crankshaft with the starting handle. A cast iron flywheel is installed at the rear end of the crankshaft 10. The front and rear ends of the crankshaft emerging from the block are sealed with rubber seals. Oil drainage from the oil seals is achieved by means of an oil-drainage thread made on the rear shaft journal.

Flywheel 10 (see Fig. 2) serves to remove the pistons from the dead center, provide; uniform rotation of the crankshaft, in addition, contributes to the smooth start of the car due to its mass. A steel gear rim is pressed onto its rim, with the help of which the engine is started with a starter.

3. Purpose, device and operation of the timing

The gas distribution mechanism serves for the timely admission of the combustible mixture into the engine cylinders and the release of exhaust gases from them. For the VAZ-2106 engine, it consists of a camshaft (Fig. 3), levers 18 with springs 17, intake 2 and graduation 19 valves with springs 7 and 8 and details of their fastening 5, 6, 9 and 10, drive parts.

Five-bearing cast iron camshaft with eight cams installed in the housing 13, made of aluminum alloy and attached to the cylinder head with studs and nuts. The camshaft is driven by a pulley 4 (fig. 13) crankshaft by means of a toothed belt 10, which simultaneously through the pulley 13 drives the oil pump, ignition distributor and fuel pump. The pulleys of the crankshaft and camshaft, the drive shaft of the oil pump are gear.

Motors 100260 were installed on VAZ-2106 cars. In addition to this car, they are also suitable for all other classic VAZ models from 2103 to 2107. Let's consider what the engine is like, what problems there are with it, how to repair it.

general description

These power units are designed for installation on small class passenger cars. The Volzhsky Automobile Plant began producing motors in 1976. The same unit was installed on the VAZ-21074, Niva-2121.

The engine has a resource of 125,000 km, however, this is only passport data. Practice shows that VAZ-2106 engines are capable of traveling from 200 thousand km and more. Naturally, this is subject to quality and timely service. The motor has a potential of 80 l / s without any resource losses.

Specifications

So, the VAZ-2106-1000260 is a gasoline power unit. The power supply system can be different. Old VAZ-2106 engines were carbureted, modern ones were injection. Its volume is 1568 cm3. According to the passport, the power is 77 l / s. The torque is 104 Nm at 3000 rpm.

Fuel consumption in the city is 10.3 per 100 kilometers. On the track, you can drive a little more economically. Consumption is 7.4 liters according to the passport. When operating a car in a mixed cycle, appetites will be about 10 liters. For efficient operation, engines need not only fuel, but also engine oils - the unit consumes 0.7 liters of lubricant for every 1000 km of run. Pour 3.5 liters of oil into the unit.

Distinctive features

They represent a fairly successful revision of the previous model. In the process of creating a power unit, engineers used the most modern technologies at that time. The manufacturer set the task to improve the design and technical characteristics of the engine at any cost and in all available ways.

The power of the VAZ-2106 engine was increased by increasing the total operating volume. During the development and production, the engineers paid special attention to improving the quality of the processing of the combustion chambers. Thanks to modifications and upgrades, 10002011 was born. Apart from the diameter, this block has no other differences from the basic design.

In production, during technological processes, engineers and specialists give each cylinder of the block a certain class. Five or more of these classes can now be distinguished. They differ from each other by 0.01 mm. These classes are assigned symbols - A, B, C, D, E. To find out which class a particular unit belongs to, just look under the engine. The letter is indicated at the bottom of the base. with the index 21011-10005011-10 remained unchanged. To adjust the overall cylinder size, developers and engineers had to use new cylinder head gaskets.

With regard to pistons, the standard and accepted worldwide pistons have many similar characteristics. This engine used parts of the piston system from unit 21011. The nominal diameter of such a piston, according to the passport data, is 79 mm.

The new engine modification has special cylindrical holes. Volumes also increased. In the process of work in each area, the piston warms up more evenly and not immediately, but gradually. Thus, the developers managed to compensate for thermal deformation. Also, the engineers decided to place special thermostatic plates in the piston bosses. Since 1990, power units have been equipped with OZON 2107-1107010-20 carburetors, as well as a vacuum ignition distributor.

Features of operation

Engines for this model have certain features that must be taken into account when using the car. Consider how the engine is correct. We also list typical malfunctions.

Prelaunch warm-up

In order for the power unit to work for a long time, it must be treated with care. So, any mechanism, before starting to work actively, must warm up. For normal engine warm-up, it is necessary to let it run for five minutes at speeds close to 2000 thousand. How to understand that you can start moving? The motor will be able to run stably at idle.

Camshaft

The operation of the VAZ-2106 engine has another feature. During operation, there is an increased wear of the camshaft. The driver can recognize the wear of the part by the characteristic knock at idle.

It will be heard even when the hood is closed and in the car. In order to protect the camshaft from premature and intense wear, it is required to regularly adjust the valves.

Oil change

If you violate the manufacturer's regulations and do not change engine oils on time, this will lead to cylinder wear. Their diameter will increase by 0.15 mm. Do not add inexpensive and low-quality oils. The level should not be below average. On car runs more than 60 thousand km. cylinders with a lack of oil will fail.

If the unit consumes more oil than it should, this may indicate that the valves or rings are out of order. In this case, the first step is to measure the compression and then look for the cause of increased appetites.

Overheat

The problem of overheating is relevant for any motor. If the VAZ-2106 engine (carburetor) boils, and does not heat up in normal mode, then the owner should pay attention to the thermostat.

It is changed to a better one. Also, the problem may be hidden in a clogged radiator. Additionally, the cooling system is checked. An air lock may form in it.

The engine is burning

The operation of the VAZ-2106 engine is not always smooth and stable. Sometimes, instead of four cylinders, only three act. There are several reasons for this. So, most often the fault is unconfigured or burnout of the valve. Troenation also occurs due to hot coolant. A popular reason is poor-quality fuel in the tank, a malfunctioning carburetor, or a malfunction of the ignition system.

Smoke from the exhaust pipe

The smoking engine requires a major overhaul. The reason is irreversible irregularities in the operation of the valve seals or the Technical characteristics of the VAZ-2106 engine are changing for the worse.

Winter operation and engine start

In winter, the manufacturer recommends starting the motor manually using the starting handle. It is also important to warm up the battery - to do this, turn on the headlights for a couple of seconds. To prevent the engine from stalling, squeeze the clutch before starting. The thing is that the transmission oil in the gearbox is too thick and it takes time to become liquid again. There will be no such problems with winter oils.

The engine is started with the starter only when the clutch is depressed. To prevent the motor from stalling, pull out the suction. It should be released as slowly as possible as the engine warms up and the VAZ-2106 engine speed decreases to idle.

The accelerator pedal is periodically pressed and released to supply lubricant to the engine components and mechanisms. The engine must run at idle speed for at least five minutes.

Features of overhaul

Before repairing, the first thing to do is dismantle. For the overhaul of this engine, you will need special tools - locksmith and measuring. The assembly process is best entrusted to specialists, but many motorists assemble these motors on their own.

To dismantle the cylinder head cover and flywheel, you should have some experience or contact a service station. Disassembling the fingers requires special skills. Also, to carry out major repairs, diagnostic skills are required. The repair work is being completed by installing the VAZ-2106 engine back into the car.

Conclusion

So, we found out what the power unit of the VAZ-2106 model is. The motor is rather weak, so at the moment many car owners are engaged in tuning and modifications to this engine. A common type of tuning is the installation of a 16-valve block head. This allows for up to 20 percent more power. The tuning budget does not exceed 20 thousand rubles. Some people use turbocharging, but this is very expensive.

The VAZ 2106 engine is mounted on passenger cars produced by the Volzhsky Automobile Plant, which began its activities in 1976. The VAZ 2106 engine is a four-stroke power unit, the circuit is carburetor, the device is in-line.

Design features

The motor is cooled in a closed loop by circulating the coolant. The principle of operation of the cooling system is forced.

The scheme of operation of the lubrication system is combined - splashing plus the supply of engine oil under pressure.

The order of operation of the cylinders is as follows: 1-3-4-2.

The ICE device allows for overhaul of the VAZ 2106 engine and additional tuning of the VAZ 2106 engine.

Replacing the VAZ 2106 engine is made after reviewing the new prices for this type of engine. Before starting to replace the engine, you need to find out how much the VAZ 2106 engine weighs.

The power unit of the sixth model is installed on VAZ 21074, NIVA, VAZ 2106 cars. UAZ vehicles are not equipped with these motors.

Sixth engine - description of technical characteristics

Main technical characteristics of the motor:

  1. The cylinder block 2106 is made of cast iron.
  2. Food is made according to the carburetor scheme.
  3. Motor type - gasoline, in-line.
  4. The number of cylinders in the block is 4.
  5. Each cylinder with a diameter of 79 mm is equipped with two valves.
  6. The piston stroke is 80 mm.
  7. The compression ratio of the engine is 8.5 atmospheres.
  8. Engine power VAZ 2106 - 75 hp.
  9. The revolutions are equal to 5400 rpm.
  10. The amount of torque is 116 Nm.
  11. Recommended fuel - AI 92.
  12. The weight of the VAZ 2106 engine assembled is 121 kg.
  13. Changing the oil in the VAZ 2106 engine - the required amount is 3.5 liters.
  14. Recommended types of engine oil: 10w-40,5w-40, 15w-40, 5w-30.
  15. Tuning VAZ 2106 - horse equals 200.

Each engineering revision led to a significant improvement in the design, as evidenced by the presented characteristic of the VAZ 2106 engine.

What has been significantly improved

Improved characteristics of the VAZ 2106:

  • The use of a new cylinder block of improved design with a modified diameter.
  • The VAZ 2106 engine has increased power due to an increase in the total volume of the power unit and an improvement in the characteristics and properties of the cylinders.
  • The use of new gaskets due to changes in cylinder diameters.
  • Equipped with 79 mm pistons, borrowed from the eleventh model.
  • Ensuring uniform heating of the pistons thanks to the cylindrical holes in the motor and the use of steel thermostatic plates on the pistons.

The special thermostatic plates installed in the pistons are made of high quality steel.

Maintenance of the power unit 2106

To identify possible problems in the operation of the car, it is necessary to carry out regular diagnostics of the entire car. With the help of the wizard, standards for the functioning of all systems of the mechanism are established.

Successful do-it-yourself repair of a VAZ 2106 engine is made by acquiring certain experience and skills. To help the craftsmen, a special manual has been released, which can be purchased in the retail network in stores that sell automotive spare parts.

VAZ 2106 repair, assembly and disassembly are carried out with experience, you also need a full set of tools and necessary spare parts.

The most common breakdowns of the sixth motor

Car owners most often encounter such defects in engine operation:

  1. The inner diameter of the cylinder increases by 0.15 mm after passing more than 5 thousand km. This defect is formed if the timely replacement of the motor lubricant is not made.
  2. The camshaft is worn out.
  3. Noise effects in the form of tapping in the engine. This defect is eliminated by adjusting the valves, replacing the fuel with a higher-octane fuel. If these measures did not help, then you need to contact the nearest service station, where diagnostics and repair of pistons and connecting rod bearings will be carried out.
  4. Oil pressure drops. In this case, the lubricant does not flow to the rubbing surfaces, as a result of which the friction force increases, causing the combustion of the gaskets, accelerated wear of the working parts, the device becomes unusable.
  5. Squeaks indicate a breakdown in the timing chain tensioner, damper, or pump bearing.
  6. If the engine stalls on the move, you need to deal with the ignition or power systems.
  7. The engine is turned off at idle speed when there is a failure in adjusting the idle speed or the air damper.
  8. The structure of the engine, with this defect, it is necessary to adjust or replace the burnt valves, the cylinder head gasket. The triplet may also be caused by fuels with a low octane number.

Why does the engine heat up

The most common defect in a 2106 engine is overheating. The operating temperature of the engine is before the + 96 ° C mark.

The reasons that the motor began to warm up strongly may be malfunctions of the following systems and components:

  • thermostat, airlock occurrence;
  • radiator, its clogging;
  • poor quality of liquid used for cooling;
  • the fan is out of order.

If engine overheating is detected, it is necessary to urgently stop the car and make a thorough examination and eliminate the cause. If the engine begins to heat up due to a breakdown of the thermostat, then this device must be replaced with a new copy .

In case of defects in the radiator, it is necessary to give time for the coolant to cool completely and only after that start diagnostics, drain antifreeze and repair the breakdown.

How to boost a VAZ engine

Various technologies are used to enhance the power of the engine. Forcing of the VAZ 2106 engine is carried out using tuning.

The most effective way is to install a turbo on the VAZ 2106 and remove the combustion products through a direct-flow system.

Vaz 2106 turbo competes on the road with many famous brands.

The turbine, turbocharging is installed on an improved six for the purpose of its modernization. Moreover, its power increases significantly. Installing special parts inside the power unit does not have the same effect as a turbine.

Vaz 2106 turbo is used by fans of high speeds. The replaced tuning car has additional equipment that requires additional costs for the care and control of the operation of all systems, for periodic technical inspection. The installation cost is up to half the price of the machine.