Design and operation of the engine Rotax 912 ULS and its systems
Teacher Ural UTC Kuleshov V.N.
yekaterinburg city
Accepted symbols and abbreviations 3.
General About Engine 4.
Engine technical data 5
Engine device
Crankshaft and rods 7
Pistons and cylinders 8
Generator housing 8.
Reducer 13.
Engine systems
Fuel system 13
Gas distribution mechanism 20.
Lubrication system 21.
Cooling system 24.
Startup 26.
Ignition system 27.
Exhaust system 34.
Engine control system 36
Engine control devices 37
Fitting engine 38
Accepted Symbols and Reduction
AZS - network protection machine
BB - air screw
З - ignition switch
NMT - Upper Dead Point
BP - take-off mode
GSM - fuel and lubricants
KV - crankshaft
CR - cruising regime
La - aircraft
Mg - small gas
MS - back of the Carter (Magneto side)
NMT - Lower Dead Point
PTO - front of the crankcase (power take-off side)
Rud - Engine Management Pen
REN - manual
SAU - Standard Atmospheric Conditions
Su - power point
TVS - air mixture
General information about Rotax 912 ULS Engine
On the aircraft P2002 Sierra installed a four-stroke four-cylinder piston Engine Rotax 912 ULS with the horizontal opposite position of the cylinders.
Engine has liquid system Cooling cylinder heads and air system Cylinders cooling.
The engine consists of the following main nodes:
Cylinder-piston group;
Air screw reducer;
Inlet and exhaust pipes.
Engine operation provides the following systems:
Fuel system with carburetor mixture formation;
Gas distribution mechanism;
Engine lubrication system;
Cooling system;
Launch system;
Ignition system;
Engine control devices;
Engine control system;
Exhaust system.
Basic technical data engine Rotax 912 ULS.
| 1. | Cylinders working volume | CM 3. | |
| 2. | Compression ratio | 10,5 | |
| 3. | Mass of dry engine | kg | 56,6 |
| 4. | Mass of the oven engine | kg | 78,2 |
| 5. | Mass of oil | kg | 2,7 |
| 6. | The amount of oil refilled | L. | 3,0 |
| 7. | Oil consumption | l / hour | ≤ 0,1 |
| 8. | Oil pressure: | kg / cm 2 | |
| Recommended (N\u003e 3500 rpm) | 1,5-4,0 | ||
| Maximum allowable | |||
| Briefly when cold started | |||
| Minimum (N.<3500 об/мин) | 0,8 | ||
| 9. | Cylinder head temperature: | ºС. | |
| Maximum allowable | |||
| Minimally permissible | |||
| 10. | Oil temperature: | ºС. | |
| Recommended | 90-110 | ||
| Maximum allowable | |||
| Minimally permissible | |||
| 11. | Fuel pressure: | kg / cm 2 | |
| Minimum | 0,15 | ||
| Maximum | 0,4 | ||
| 12. | Time of pickup with mg before | sec | no more than 3. |
| 13. | Mass of coolant | kg | 2,75 |
| 14. | Assigned resource | Hour / year old | 4500/36 |
| 15. | Interremant resource | Hour / year old | 1500/12 |
Engine operation parameters Rotax 912 ULS by modes.
| № | Engine operation modes | Rotation frequency of the shaft of the engine / air screw r / min. | Power kW / LS | Fuel consumption l / hour | Specific fuel consumption G. kWh / G. L.S.Ph. | Continuous operation time minutes |
| 1. | Take-off | 5800/2388 | 73,5/98,5 | 27,5 | ≤5 | |
| 2. | Maximum continued | 5500/2265 | 69/92,5 | 25,0 | 285/213 | not limited |
| 3. | Cruising (75% of the maximum continued | 5000/2050 | 51/68,4 | 18,5 | not limited | |
| 4. | 65% of the maximum long | 4800/1975 | 44,6/60 | not limited | ||
| 5. | Small gas | 1700/700 (minima.1400) | ≤5 |
Engine device
Crankcase.
Carter is the base detail of the engine, which contains a crankshaft with rods and gliding bearings and a camshaft with valve gap hydraulic components. Front of the Carter (PTO side) is the integrated gearbox housing
Carter perceives various forces in the size and character of the force acting on the crankshaft and arising from the rotation of the air screw when the engine is running.
Carter - tunnel type, detachable and consists of left and right half, cast from aluminum alloy and co-mechanically processed. The crankcase connector passes in the vertical plane along the axis of the crankshaft and is compacted by a special sealant. Halves of Carter are centered according to 5 guide bushings and guide pin and assemble with studs and bolts.
In the left side of the crankcase there are 3 threaded holes, and in the right - 2 threaded holes and a smooth hole, which, together with the threaded holes in the gear cover, are the engine mounts to the motor.
To install the engine, it is necessary to use at least two pairs of mounting nodes.
16 studs with nuts are used to attach cylinders and cylinder heads. Studs are screwed into the engine crankcase through the threaded sleeves. In front of the crankcase (PTO) there are: threaded holes for fastening the gear cover; 4 threaded holes for fastening the oil pump. In the back of the crankcase (MS) there are threaded holes for fastening the magneto-generator housing. In the top of the crankcase, on the left, near the cylinder N 2, there is a threaded hole M8, closed by a plug. If necessary, by screwing the stopper into this threaded hole, you can scare KB in the position of the n 2 piston in the VMT. Below is the threaded hole in which the magnetic cork is installed. At the bottom of the left half of the crankcase, two threaded holes are made to install the oil system recurrent fuel fitting.
In the central part of the crankcase are three crankshaft supports. KB sliding bearings have liners. The central bearing has two stubborn semirings. In the lower part of the crankcase, there are three distribution shaft supports. Inserts camshaft sliding bearings do not have.
Crankshaft, rods and bearings.
The crankshaft together with connectors converts the operation of progressively moving pistons into the rotational energy of centuries through the gearbox. In addition, it provides the movement of the pistons during their non-working stroke and activates the camshaft and the magneto-generator.
The crankshaft is a five-rode and consists of 7 stamped parts with machining. The first support (from the PTO side) is located in the gear cover and has a bronze alloy bushing. The second, third and fourth support are located in the engine crankcase and have inserts from a steel aluminum alloy. The central support has two stubborn semiring, which perceive axial loads from square. Fifth support (with partiesMS) is located in the magneto generator housing.
The connecting rod is a stamped part with machining and is a rod of an 2-way cross section with a piston and crank head. The sliding bearing of the crank head has a sleeve. The crankshaft with connecting rods - the unintended part and repair under operating conditions is not subject to. The end portion of the crankshaft from the PTO side has slots and a thread of MZOH 1.5 for fastening the drive gear gear.
The terminal part of the crankshaft from the MS side has a cylindrical surface with a glass groove to install a camshaft drive gear, a cylindrical surface for the power of the electric starter gear, the conical surface and the left thread M34x1.5 for fastening the housing of the overtook clutch, a conical surface with a groove under the key and inner ML6X1.5 thread for fastening the magneto generator rotor.
Pistons, rings and piston fingers .
The piston perceives the pressure of the gases and transfers their work through the connecting rod. The piston is cast from aluminum alloy, mechanically processed outside and partially from the inside. The bottom of the piston has a deepening. Three grooves for installing rings are flowing in the piston head. The bottom groove has four radial oil reset holes. The upper and middle rings are compression, the lower ring is oil slimming and has a spacer spring. In the middle part of the skirt, two diametrically opposite bins with holes for installing the piston finger are made. Holes have two samples to improve the lubricant of the finger. Piston finger is a hollow, floating type, connects the piston with a connecting rod. From axial movement, the finger is fixed by two locking rings.
ATTENTION: Remaining rings of disposable applications.
The axis of the piston finger is shifted relative to the piston axis. When installing, it is necessary to orient the piston so that the arrow on the bottom is directed to the reducer. Rings are installed so that the locks of the upper compression and oiling rings are oriented upwards, and the Lower Compression Castle. On the outer diameter of the pistons are broken into two classes: "Red" and "green".
Generator housing.
The generator body serves as the Carter Cover Cover from the MS side. The generator housing is attached to the engineer of the engine with nine bolts. The connection is compacted by a special sealant.
The engine crankcase and the generator body form the cavity in which the camshaft drive, a water pump drive, an electric starter drive with an overtook clutch, mechanical tachometer drive. In the center of the housing is the fifth pillar of the crankshaft with the gland. The lower part of the generator body is the housing of the integrated water pump. The water pump lid is attached to the body with five bolts, of which two medium pass through the generator body and are screwed into the engine crankcase, and the lower bolt is a drain plugging of the engine cooling system. The combination of the housing and the cover is compacted by the parenchic gasket. In the left side of the housing, elements are made to install an electric starter. In the left side of the housing, a hole is made to set the mechanical tachometer drive housing.
On the outer part of the cover, 12 threaded holes are made to install the generator stator, the ignition system sensors and bending clamps.
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1 - intake nozzle; 2 - exhaust nozzle; 3 - oil filter; 4 - gearbox; 5 - BB flange; 6 - fuel pump; 7 - carburetor; 8 - electric starter; 9 - electronic ignition system unit; 10 - magnetogenerator housing;
11 - cooling system tank; 12 - Water Pump
Engine "Rotax-912uls". Drawing of a common type.
3 - oil filter; 5-flange of explosives; 7 - carburetor; 8 - electric starter; 10 - magnetogenerator housing; 13-sensor
oil pressure; 14-oil pump; 15 - oil temperature sensor; 16.-Cylinder
Direction of rotation
counterclockwise, if you look from the PTO side (from the gearbox).
Warning: It is forbidden to turn the air screw
against rotation.
The direction of rotation of the air screw shaft
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Reducer
Depending on the type of engine, the certificate and configuration, the gearbox can be supplied with or without an control clutch.
♦ Note: The lighting clutch is serially installed on all certified aviation engines and unattended aviation engines in the N 3 configuration.
♦ Note: The figure shows a gearbox with an anti-flame coupling.
The design of the gearbox has a toric vibration damper damper. If the sound oscillation occurs, the angular movement of the slave gear relative to the cam coupling occurs, which causes a linear movement of the coupling and compression of the plate springs.
In the presence of an anti-loading clutch, the quenching of small twist oscillations occurs due to the clutch formed by the fists of the driven gear and the anti-loading clutch, which ensures more smooth operation of the engine in the "Small Gas" mode. Torque works only when starting, stop and with sharp changes in modes. The anti-loading clutch ensures harmless to the engine of such modes.
♦ Note: Antice loading clutch also prevents transmission to
the crankshaft of the load caused by a screw strike on an extraneous object.
A vacuum pump or a hydraulic regulator of the constant rotation speed of the air screw can be installed on the gearbox. The drive of the specified aggregates is made from the gearbox shaft.
FUEL SYSTEM.
The fuel system is used for storage, supplying and cleaning fuel, supplying and cleaning air, preparation of fuel-air mixture and feeding it in the engine combustion chamber. Fuel system (Fig. 28) includes:
1. Fuel tank.
2. Flip neck with a sfillage valve.
3. Filter of coarse cleaning.
4. Bringing fire crane.
5. Fine cleaning filter.
6. Mechanical fuel pump.
7. Drain crane.
8. Built-in fuel pump filter.
9. Returning highway.
10. Pressure indicator.
Fuel pump.
Pierburg720 971 55 - diaphragm type fuel pump with mechanical
drive.
The fuel pump is mounted on the gear cover, drives from
eccentric on the shaft of the explosive and provides excess pressure fuel supply
0.15...0.3 MPa.
When the fuel tank is located below the engine is recommended to install
additional electric pump 996 730 per highway between fuel
baku and main pump.
Fuel filter.
On the elevated fuel tanks, it is necessary to install mesh fuel filters with 0.3 mm filtration subtlety.
In the suction trip, before the fuel pump, you must install a mesh fuel filter with the subtlety of filtration 0.10 mm.
Carburetor "Bing 64/32".
The "Bing 64/32" carburetor "Bing 64/32" of a permanent vacuum, double-spotted, with a horizontal diffuser of the alternating section, with a starting enrichment, with a throttle flap 36 mm (Fig, 31 and 32) is designed to prepare fuel-air mixture on all engine operation modes.
Permanent vacuum carburetor, double-spotted, with a horizontal diffuser, with a starting enrichment, with a throttle damper serves to prepare fuel assemblies in all modes
engine operation. The position of the throttle valve, the degree of its discovery changes the amount of permissions in the zone of the emulsion diffuser and provides the necessary conditions for the formation of conditioned TVs. The fastening of the carburetor to the engine is carried out through a rubber flange, which prevents the resonance phenomenon, leading to the failure of the float mechanism.
The throttle valve control of carburetors (power) is synchronized, carried out from the cabin by moving the ore mechanically associated with throttle levers on the engine wiring / control engine. The selected position of the ore is saved using the lever loading mechanism.
Float mechanism.
The float mechanism is designed to maintain a given fuel level and includes two vertically moving plastic floors (12), a wilted lever (13), a needle valve (10). The use of two independent floats located on both sides of the OCI of the carburetor ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine in the evolution of la.
The transfer of effort from the Wilk lever to the needle valve is carried out through the spring-loaded valve plunger and spring bracket (II), which prevents the effect of vibrations to work the float mechanism. Details of the mechanism should not have wear. Special attention should be paid to the state of the needle valve (Fig. 30).
The level of fuel in the float chamber is regulated by the bending of the Wild lever (13) bending so that when the carburetor is inverted, the clearance between the Wilic lever and the caliber 877 730 was 0.4 ... 0.5 mm (Fig. 30). To control the adjustment, it is necessary to measure the fuel level in the float chamber, which must be at 13 ... 14 mm below the upper edge of the float chamber (15) when the floats shot. The pressure in the extravagidated float chamber space should be equal to the pressure at the inlet in the carburetor. The position of the souflaming tube (71) must ensure the execution of this requirement.
The float chamber (15) is attached to the carburetor housing through the gasket (17) of the spring bracket (18).
Fuel System Scheme
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Fig. 32. The scheme of the carburetor
Main dosing system.
The main metering system provides the supply of the required amount of fuel on all loading modes and includes a throttle (45), a plunger (19) with a return spring (26) and membrane (23), dosing the needle (20) with an adjusting ring (21), Chief Juger (7), Dosing Needle Zibler (3) and Emulsion Diffuser (2).
The quality of the fuel-air mixture on all loading modes, in addition to the full load mode, is determined by the cross section of the channel formed by the dosing needle (3) jack and the dosing needle (20). The quality of the fuel-air mixture on the full load mode is determined by the diameter of the main gibler. The amount of the mixture is determined by the cross-sectional area in the diffuser of the carburetor, which is regulated by the throttle position (45). The throttle valve is attached to the shaft (43) with two screws (46). The seal between the shaft and the body is provided with a ring (44). Bracket (47) limits the axial movement of the shaft. The end of the shaft is mounted XX (50) and the drive lever (51). The position management of the valve is carried out by the cable in the bucket of the "Boouden" type. Using the bolt (52), bushings (53), washers (54) and nuts (55) to the drive lever joined the control cable passing through the focus of the beaser (66). The control system must be adjusted so that when installing ores in the position of the BP, the cable shell had freedom of movement of 1 mm. The return spring (56) is installed on the bracket (47) and the throttle drive lever (51) and acts on pulling the cable (increase in revolutions).
The opening of the throttle (45) leads to an increase in air current in the diffuser and the creation of a vacuum in the zone of emulsion diffuser (2), which ensures the supply of fuel from the float chamber to the carburetor diffuser. But this vacuum does not provide a sufficient amount of fuel, so the carburetor is equipped with a constant permanent regulator. The regulator consists of a plunger (19), a diaphragm (23), which, together with the carburetor housing (1) and the lid (27), form two cavities. The permission in the diffuser is transmitted to the upper cavity of the regulator through the hole (U). The lower cavity of the regulator through the channel (V) is transmitted to the inlet to the carburetor. The force arising from the difference in the range lifts the plunger, overcoming its weight and squeezing the spring (26), which leads to an increase in the cross-section of the diffuser and the cross section of the channel formed by the dosing needle (3) jack and the dosing needle (20). The weight of the plunger (19) and the spring compression force (26) is coordinated and provide a constant vacuum in the zone of the emulsion diffuser until the plunger falls into the upper position. After that, the carburetor works as a carburetor with a constant diffuser. In the lid (27), a hole (D) was performed connecting the upper cavity of the regulator with the inner cavity of the lid. The diameter of the opening is designed so that the inner cavity of the cover works as a plunger oscillation shock absorber. The washer (6) installed between the main jet (7) and the sleeve (4), together with the float chamber, forms a ring canal, which ensures the presence of fuel in the zone of the main gibber in the evolution of la. The connection of the sleeve (4) with the carburetor housing is sealed by a ring (5) to eliminate the fuel supply bypassing the main gibber. Under the action of the vacuum, the fuel from the float chamber enters through the main jigger (7), the transition sleeve (4), the jibeler of the dosing needle (3) into the emulsion diffuser (2), and then into the carburetor diffuser. For high-quality formation of the fuel-air mixture, the fuel is mixed with air entering the channel (Z) to the emulsion diffuser to the dysfusor of the carburetor.
Depending on the operating conditions (ambient temperature, the height of the base aerodrome), it is necessary to adjust the main dosing system. The quality of the fuel-air mixture on all load modes, in addition to the full load mode, is adjusted by the permutation of the adjusting ring on the dosing needle (position 1 is the poorest mixture; position 4 is the richest mixture. See Fig. 31 ). The quality of the fuel-air mixture on the maximum load mode is adjusted by the replacement of the main gibler. The required bicker diameter is determined by the formula:
D - the required gibler diameter,
D 0 - standard gibler diameter,
K is a correction coefficient, depending on operating conditions.
The correction coefficient is determined from the table:
| N, M T, ° C | |||||||||
| -30 | 1,04 | 1,03 | 1,01 | 1,00 | 0,98 | 0,97 | 0,95 | 0,94 | 0,93 |
| -20 | 1,03 | 1,02 | 1,00 | 0,99 | 0,97 | 0,96 | 0,95 | 0,93 | 0,92 |
| -10 | 1,02 | 1,01 | 0,99 | 0,98 | 0,96 | 0,95 | 0,94 | 0,92 | 0,91 |
| 1,01 | 1,00 | 0,98 | 0,97 | 0,95 | 0,94 | 0,93 | 0,91 | 0,90 | |
| 1,00 | 0,99 | 0,97 | 0,96 | 0,95 | 0,93 | 0,92 | 0,91 | 0,89 | |
| 1.00 | 0,99 | 0,97 | 0,96 | 0,94 | 0,93 | 0,92 | 0,90 | 0,89 | |
| 1,00 | 0,98 | 0,97 | 0,95 | 0,94 | 0,93 | 0,91 | 0,90 | 0,88 | |
| 0,99 | 0,97 | 0,96 | 0,94 | 0,93 | 0,92 | 0,90 | 0,89 | 0,88 | |
| 0,98 | 0,96 | 0,95 | 0,94 | 0,92 | 0,91 | 0,90 | 0,88 | 0,87 | |
| 0,97 | 0,96 | 0,94 | 0,93 | 0,92 | 0,90 | 0,89 | 0,88 | 0,86 |
Where: N, M - the height of the base aerodrome above sea level;
t, ° C - ambient temperature.
Stroke system.
The idling system is designed for the preparation and supply of enriched fuel-air mixture in order to ensure the sustainable operation of the engine at a low speed of the RV. It consists of an idle (8), LLD air canal, two channels La and BP, quality control screws (57) and quantity (49) of the mixture.
When installing the throttle valve to the idling position in the La channel zone (before throttle), a large vaccine is created, under the action of which the fuel is supplied through the idle buster into the emulsion channel, which is mixed with air entering through the LLD channel. The resulting emulsion enters the diffuser through the LA channel. When moving ores from the mg position occurs, the range is redistributed in the throttle zone, and the emulsion is supplied through the La and BP channels, which ensures an increase in the fuel supply for a smooth transition, without failures, from the idling mode to the engine operation at the medium loads when the main Dosing system.
Watching the quality screw of the mixture reduces fuel consumption, which leads to dining fuel-air mixture. When the quantity screw is wrapped in the mixture, the throttle is opened, which leads to an increase in the rotational speed of a kV.
The quality screw of the mixture and the xx jibeler are compacted by rings (9). Spring (58) prevents spontaneous turning or wrapping the quality screw of the mixture.
The enrichd of the carburetor.
The carburetor enricheller serves to enrich the fuel-air mixture when starting the cold engine and consists of a disk valve (34), gibber (16), covers (33) and channels. Depending on the position of the valve, a vacuum is created in the fuel channels. In the "Off" position, the vacuum provides only filling the enrichment well in the float chamber. When the enrichment is turned on, the valve connects the air and fuel channels, which leads to an increase in the vacuum, at the expense of which an additional amount of fuel is supplied to the carburetor diffuser, which strongly over the mixture is supplied to ensure the launch. With further work with the enrichment included, the fuel enters the expenditure well through the jaw (16), i.e. The level of re-enrollment of the mixture decreases. The shaft of the disk valve is condensed with a ring (35). The enrichtover cover is attached to the carburetor body with four bolts (37) and complied with a gasket (36). The position management of the enrichment lever is carried out by a cable in the bucket type "Bouden". To the lever, with a ball or cylinder with a locking screw, the control cable joins the focus of the beaser (68-70). The control system must be adjusted so that when installing the enrichment to the "off" position, the cable shell had freedom of movement of 1 mm. The return spring (42) is installed on the tide in the lid (27) and the enrichder drive lever (39) and acts on pulling the cable (turning off the enrichment).
NOTE: I. The effectiveness of the enrichment decreases if ore_ is not in the mg position.
2. To facilitate the "cold" engine launch, it is recommended to perform "cold." Scroll with turned off with enrichders to fill out consumables.
ATTENTION: When the engine is operating on loading modes with the enrichtakers of carburetors, a spontaneous decrease in the speed of rotation of KB may occur, up to the motor self-cap.
Adjusting carburetors.
The adjustment of carburetors provides for the following work:
Adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber;
Adjustment of the main dosing system;
Adjustment of the idle system;
Adjustment of the starting system,
when performing which it is necessary to ensure the synchronous operation of carburetors.
ATTENTION: The asynchronous work of carburetors leads to an increase in the level of vibrations of the engine and loads on the details of the crank-connecting mechanism.
With a mechanical synchronization method, it is visually checked by synchronization of throttle dampers of carburetors, the position of the amount of screws and the quality of the mixture and move the starting valves.
With a pneumatic synchronization method to carb beyrators, instead of a screw (50), a two-standing or "U" is connected - a shaped pressure gauge to control the vacuum in the diffusers of carburetors, which should be the same in all modes of engine operation.
Gas distribution mechanism.
The gas distribution mechanism is designed for timely intake into the cylinders of the fuel-air mixture and the release of the exhaust gases. The engine gas distribution mechanism "Rotax-912L" has the lower arrangement of the camshaft and the upper location of the valves.
The mechanism includes a camshaft with gap hydraulic components, rods, rockers, rowing axes, valves, springs and valve sleeve guide.
Effort from shaft cams through hydrocomathers, rods and rockers are transmitted to the valves that open, squeezing the springs. The closing of the valves occurs under the action of compressed springs.
ATTENTION: Before starting the engine, it is necessary to perform a "cold" scrolling until the oil pressure appears to fill the hydraulic components.
The camshaft is located in the engine crankcase and has a drive from the crankshaft after a couple of gears. The speed of rotation is two times less than the rotation frequency of the crankshaft. The axial movement of the camshaft is limited by the support surfaces of gears installed on the shaft.
From the distribution shaft from the PTO, the power is selected for the oil pump drive, and from the MS side to drive a water pump and a mechanical tachometer.
When assembling the crankcase, it is necessary to combine the labels on the drive gears, which ensures the correct installation of the phases of the gas distribution.
Engine lubrication system.
The lubricant system is designed to lubricate the driving parts of the engine, as well as for partial cooling them and to remove wear products from them. Engine lubrication system (Fig. 37) is a closed type system with a "dry" crankcase, with forced oil circulation. Integrated bulk-type oil pump is activated from the camshaft.
From the oil clock (1), the oil, under the action of the vacuum generated by the oil pump, enters the suction line (2), passes, coolant, through the radiator (3) and the suction line of the mains (4) falls into the suction cavity of the oil pump formed by the rotors (5). When rotating rotors, compression and movement of the oil portion into the pumping cavity of the oil pump occurs. From this cavity, the oil through the peripheral openings of the filter (7) falls into its inner cavity. Passing through the filter element into the inner cavity of the filter, the oil is cleaned of impurities. When the filter element is clogged, the valve (10) opens by the pressure drop and oil, bypassing the filter element, enters the engine, which prevents oil "starvation".
ATTENTION: The engine lubricant with untreated oil leads to premature wear of its details. The use of recommended oils, the use of original oil filters and regular, timely execution of regulatory work eliminates this phenomenon.
Purified oil falls into the hollow pressure cavity of the oil pump, which has a bypass valve (8). If the nominal pressure is exceeded, the ball opens the channel (9) of the oil pump, along which the oil surplus is powered into the suction cavity of the oil pump. The pressing pressure (the moment of opening the valve) is regulated by the number of washers under the spring.
NOTE: With the "cold" start at low temperatures, the performance of the bypass valve may be insufficient due to the high viscosity of the oil. But when driving the engine, the viscosity of the oil drops and the pressure should not exceed the nominal value.
From the cavity of the high pressure, the oil enters the channel (11) located in the left half of the crankcase. From the channel (11), the oil falls into the channels of cylinders of the cylinders 2 and 4 and of them, on the channels, the channels (13) and the rocker (15) comes to lubricating the parts of the gas distribution mechanism. According to the inner cavity of the hulls, the rods and canals (17) oil flows into the crankcase, lubricating the camshaft camshafts. From the channel (P), the oil also enables the lubricant of the lamp N3 (18) of the camshaft, via channels (19), (20) and (21) - on the lubricant of the LC and S2 of the crankshaft and the cylinder connecting rod (22 ) The oil enters the channel (23) located in the right half of the crankcase. From the channel (23), the oil enters the lubricant of the supports N1 (28) and N2 (24) of the camshaft; Supports Hi, H2 and S1 of the crankshaft; cylinders connecting rod 1.2 and 3; Details of the gas distribution mechanism of cylinders 1 and 3. After lubricating connecting rod bearings, the oil splashing falls on the walls of the cylinders, pistons and piston fingers. After lubrication of Supports S 1 (31) and S2 (21), the oil falls into the gesture of the gearbox and the drives for lubricating their parts.
If the engine is equipped with a regulator of the air screw step (version 912UL3), then the main oil (33) oil falls into the flange cavity (34), and then, to the gear pump (35) of the regulator. The oil pressure rises to 23 MPa and the channel (36) enters the inner cavity of the BB of the BB and channel (39) returns to the gearbox cavity. Oil consumption, and as a result, the pressure in the cavity of the BB shaft (38) depends on the position of the control lever. Pressure in the cavity affects the executive mechanism of the BB.
All oil, after lubricating parts, flows into the lower part of the crankcase (40) and under the influence of pressure of crankcase gases, through the fitting (41) and the return highway (42) enters the oil (1). The adopted oil clock fitting is oriented so that the tangent oil falls on the separator (43), which provides gas separation. On the separator grid, the oil flows down, and the gases through the ventilation fitting (44) leave the tank. Gas removal can be carried out into the atmosphere, in an air filter or an additional tank that has a message with an atmosphere. It is necessary to provide protection for the ventilation opening from icing and clogging. If the overlapping of the ventilation hole still happened, then the excess pressure is poured through the valve cover of the filling neck of the oil clock.
During operation, it is necessary to constantly monitor the pressure and temperature of the oil. To do this, the temperature sensor is installed in the channel zone (11), and the channel zone (23) is the pressure sensor.
Operation of oil system.
With a preventive inspection, visually check the tightness of the lubricant system, make sure that there is no oil.
Rotax 912 ULS Engine Device
Crankcase.
Carter - Basic Engine Detail, in which the crankshaft is placed with rods and bearings of sliding and camshaft with hydrocompensanters of valve gaps. Front of the Carter (PTO side) is the integrated gearbox housing
Carter perceives the different and nature of the forces acting on the crankshaft and arising from the rotation of the air screw, when workingtel.
Carter - tunnel type, detachable and consists of left and right half, cast from aluminum alloy and co-mechanically processed. Car connectorthera runs in the vertical plane along the axis of the crankshaft and compactedspecial sealant. Halves of Carter are centered on 5 guide bushings and a guide pin and collected with a heel and bolts.
In the left side of the crankcase there are 3 threaded holes, and in the right - 2 threaded holes and a smooth hole, which, together with the threaded fromthe vertices in the gearbox cover are the engine mount nodes to the motor.
To install the engine, it is necessary to use a minimum of two pairs of crepe knots.
16 studs with guy are used for fastening cylinders and cylinder headskami. Studs are screwed into the engine crankcase through the threaded sleeves. In front of the crankcase (PTO) are located: threaded holes For mounting the gearbox; 4 threaded holesfor fastening the oil pump. In the back of the crankcase (MS) are threaded there are holes for fastening the magneto-generator housing. At the topcarter, left, near the cylinder N 2, there is a threaded hole M8, closed a plug. If necessary, by screwing the stopper into this threaded fromveservation, you can scareKB. In the position of the piston N 2 in VMT. Below are locatedthe threaded hole in which the magnetic cork is installed. In Nizhnya parts of the left half of the crankcase are made two threaded holes forthe fittings of the recovery mains of the oil system.
In the central part of the crankcase are three crankshaft supports. Bearnicky slidingKB. have liners. The central bearing has two emphasishalf rings. Three supports distributor are located at the bottom of the crankcaseshaft. Inserts camshaft sliding bearings do not have.
Crankshaft, rods and bearings.
Crankshaft together with connecting rods converts work progressivelypistons in the rotational energy of centuries through the gearbox. In addition, he ispoves the movement of the pistons during their non-working stroke and activatesdistributional and magneto generator.
The crankshaft is a five-rode and consists of 7 stamped parts with mechanicalto process. The first support (from the PTO side) is located in the lidthe proofer has a bronze alloy bushing. The second, third and fourth support are located in the engine crankcase and have inserts from a steel aluminum alloy.The central support has two stubborn semirings that perceive axialload from square. Fifth support (with parties MS. ) Located in the magneto-gene buildingranator.
The connecting rod is a stamped part with machining and is a rod of an 2-way cross section with a piston and crank head. The sliding bearing of the crank head has a sleeve. The crankshaft with connecting rods - the unintended part and repair under operating conditions is not subject to. The end part of the crankshaft from the PTO side has slots and threads MZOH 1.5for fastening the drive gear gear.
End part of the crankshaft from the sideMS. It has a cylindrical surfacewith a groove with a groove with a switching gear of the camshaftla, cylindrical surface for support of the gears of the electric starter, Konickuiu surface and left thread M34x1.5 for fastening the housing of the overtook coupling, a conical surface with a groove under the key and internal threadML 6x1.5 for fastening the magneto generator rotor.
Pistons, rings and piston fingers .
The piston perceives the pressure of the gases and transfers their work through the connecting rod. The piston is cast from aluminum alloy, mechanically processed outside and partbut from the inside. The bottom of the piston has a deepening. Three ka piston headsnavka to install rings. Lower groove has four radial holes to reset the oil. Upper and middle rings - compression, lower ring - wtslosition and has a spacer spring. In the middle part of the skirt, two diainteractively opposite bins with holes for installing pistonfinger. Holes have two samples to improve the lubricant of the finger. Piston finger is a hollow, floating type, connects the piston with a connecting rod. From axthe finger is fixed by two locking rings.
ATTENTION: Remaining rings of disposable applications.
The axis of the piston finger is shifted relative to the piston axis. When installing, it is necessary to orient the piston so that the arrow on the bottom is directed to the reducer. Rings are installed so that the locks of the upper compression and oiling rings are oriented upward, and the Lower Compression Castle -down. On the outer diameter of the pistons are broken into two classes: "Red" and "green".
Cylinders and cylinder heads.
The cylinder of the cylinder head and the bottom of the piston form a chamber in which the fuel is combustion - an air mixture. Cylinders are cast from aluminum alloy with subsequent mechanicalprocessing. After honing, a silicone coating was performed on the working surface of the cylinder. On the outer surface of the cylinder are madehorizontal cooling ribs. The cylinder is attached to the Carter together withclek with four studs and nuts. Cylinder connection with crankcasecompleted with a rubber ring. The diameter of the sleeve cylinders are broken into twoclass: "Red" and "green". The head of the cylinder is cast from aluminum alloy with a subsequent mechanismclear processing. Double walls of the head form space by whichcirculates coolant. In the combustion chamber heads are locatedla ink and exhaust valves, and from the opposite side - cavity fordetails of the gas distribution mechanism, which is closed with a lid with sealing rings. At the top of the head are holes for mouthnOVKI: inlets with four threaded holes, flange removalcooling system nozzle with two holes, spark plugs. At the bottom of the head there are holes for installation: underthe water pipe of the cooling system, the bodies of the rod, the cylinder head temperature sensor (only for cylinder heads N2 and 3) ; spark plug. In the side of the head is locatedhole to install the exhaust pipe. Flange, locking nozzle,installed into two studs. The connection between the head and the cylinder is nothas additional seals.
Generator housing.
The generator body serves as a crankcase coverMS. . The generator housing is attached to the engineer of the engine with nine bolts. Compoundit is compacted by a special sealant.
The engine crankcase and the generator body form the cavity in which:the camshaft drive, a water pump drive, an electric starter drivewith an overtook clutch, a mechanical tachometer drive. In the center of the housing is the fifth pillar of the crankshaft with the gland.The lower part of the generator body is the housing of the integrated water pump. Water pump cover is attached to the body with five bolts, from which two averages pass through the generator body and are screwed into the carcardtel, and the lower bolt is a drain plugging of the engine cooling system. SOthe union of the housing and the cover is compacted by the paranitate gasket. In the left side of the housing, elements are made to install an electric starter. In the left side of the housing, a hole for installationc drive mechanical tachometer.
On the outer part of the cover, 12 threaded holes are made to install the generator stator, the ignition system sensors and bending clamps.
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Engine "ROTAX -912ULS". Drawing of a common type.
1 - intake nozzle; 2 - exhaust nozzle; 3 - oil filter; 4 - gearbox; 5 - BB flange; 6 - fuelpump; 7 - carburetor; 8 - electric starter; 9 - electronic ignition system unit; 10 - magnetogenerator housing;
11 - cooling system tank; 12 - Water Pump
Engine "Rotax -912 ULS " Drawing of a common type.
3 - oil filter; 5-flange of explosives; 7 - carburetor; 8 - electric starter; 10 - magnetogenerator housing; 13-sensor
oil pressure; 14-oil pump; 15 - oil temperature sensor; 16.-Cylinder
Direction of rotation
counterclockwise, if you look withpTO parties (from the gearbox).
Warning: It is forbidden to turn the air screw
against rotation.
The direction of rotation of the air screw shaft
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Reducer
Depending on the type of engine, certificate and configuration, the gearbox cancomplete with or without anti-loading clutch.
♦ Note: The control clutch is serially installed on all certified aviation engines and non-testfitted aircraft engines in the configuration N 3.
♦ Note: The figure shows a gearbox with an opponent cutter.
The design of the gearbox has a toric vibration damper damper.In the event of a twist oscillation occurs, the corner movement of the slave gear relative to the cam coupling, which causes a linear recoupling and compression of plate springs.
If there is an anti-timing clutch, quenching small twistbania occurs due to the cluster formed by the cams of the slave gearand anti-loading clutch, which provides more smooth engine operationon the "Small Gas" mode. Torsion works only when starting, stop and cutchanges of modes. The anti-loading clutch ensures harmless to the engine of such modes.
♦ Note: Antice loading clutch also prevents the transfer to
the crankshaft of the load caused by a screw strike on an extraneous object.
A vacuum pump or hydraulic regulat can be installed on the gearbox.the main rotation torus of the air screw. The drive of the specified aggregates is made from the gearbox shaft.
Size: px.
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Transcript.
1 Design and operation of the Rotax 912 ULS engine and its systems Tutorial Teacher Ural Utz Kuleshov V.N. Yekaterinburg 2010
2 Contents p. Accepted Symbols and Abbreviations 3 General Information about Engine 4 Technical Data Engine 5 Engine Device Carter 7 Crankshaft and Rolled Tops 7 Pistons and Cylinders 8 Generator Case 8 Reducer 13 Motor Systems Fuel System 13 Gas Distribution Mechanism 20 Lubricant System 21 Cooling System 24 Starting System 26 Ignition System 27 Exhaust System 34 Engine Control System 36 Engine Control Devices 37 Air Operation Engine 38 2
3 Accepted Symbols and Reduction Gas Supplies VMT BP GSM KR La MG MS NMT PTO RD REC SAU SU TVS - Network Protection Machine - Air Screw - Ignition Switch - Upper Dead Point - Top Mode - Furious Lubricants - Crankshaft - Craiser Mode - Flying Apparatus - Small Gas - Rear Carter (Magneto Side) - Lower Dead Point - Front Carter (Power Slection Side) - Engine Management Pen - Operation Manual - Standard Atmospheric Conditions - Power Installation - Air Mix 3
4 General information about the Rotax 912 ULS engine on the Sierra P2002 aircraft, a four-stroke of the four-cylinder piston engine Rotax 912 ULS with a horizontal opposite position of cylinders was installed. The engine has a liquid cylinder head cooling system and a cylinder cooling air system. The engine consists of the following main nodes: - Carter; - cylinder-piston group; - Crank mechanism; - reducer of the air screw; - intake and exhaust pipes. Engine operations provide the following systems: - fuel system with carburetor mixture formation; - gas distribution mechanism; - engine lubrication system; - cooling system; - launch system; - ignition system; - engine control devices; - engine control system; - Exhaust system. four
5 Basic engine technical data Rotax 912 ULS. 1. The working volume of cylinders CM compression ratio of 10.5 3. Mass of dry engine kg 56.6 4. Mass of the exhaust engine kg 78.2 5. Mass of oil kg 2.7 6. The amount of oil refilled L 3,0 7. Oil consumption l / hour 0.1 8. Oil pressure: Bar Recommended (n\u003e 3500 rpm) 1.5-4.0 Maximum allowable 6 briefly when cold start 7 Minimum (N<3500 об/мин) 0,8 9. Температура головок цилиндров: ºС Максимально допустимая 135 Минимально допустимая Температура масла: ºС Рекомендуемая Максимально допустимая 130 Минимально допустимая Давление топлива: кг/см 2 Минимальное 0,15 Максимальное 0,4 12. Время приемистости с МГ до ВЗЛ сек не более Масса охлаждающей жидкости кг 2, Назначенный ресурс час/лет 3600/ Межремонтный ресурс час/лет 1200/15 Параметры работы двигателя ROTAX 912 ULS по режимам. Режимы работы двигателя Частота вращения вала двигателя/ воздушного винта об/мин. Мощность квт/лс Расход топлива л/час Удельный расход топлива г квт.час/ г л.с.час Время непрерывной работы минут 1. Взлетный 5800/ ,5/98,5 27, Максимальный продолжительный 5500/ /92,5 25,0 285/213 не ограничено 3. Крейсерский (75% максимального продолжительного 5000/ /68,4 18,5 не ограничено 4. 65% максимального продолжительного 4800/ ,6/60 15,5 не ограничено 5. Малый газ 1700/700 (миним.1400) Максимальные перегрузки двигателя: Положительная-10g;Отрицательная-0,5g; Горизонтальная-3g 5 5
7 Engine engine engine Carter. Carter is the base detail of the engine, which contains a crankshaft with rods and gliding bearings and a camshaft with valve gap hydraulic components. The front of the crankcase (PTO side) is the housing of the integrated gearbox Carter perceives various and the nature of the force acting on the crankshaft and the rotation of the air screw, when the engine is operating. Carter - tunnel type, detachable and consists of left and right half, cast from aluminum alloy and co-mechanically processed. The crankcase connector passes in the vertical plane along the axis of the crankshaft and is compacted by a special sealant. Halves of Carter are centered according to 5 guide bushings and guide pin and assemble with studs and bolts. In the left side of the crankcase there are 3 threaded holes, and in the right - 2 threaded holes and a smooth hole, which, together with the threaded holes in the gear cover, are the engine mounts to the motor. To install the engine, it is necessary to use at least two pairs of mounting nodes. 16 studs with nuts are used to attach cylinders and cylinder heads. Studs are screwed into the engine crankcase through the threaded sleeves. In front of the crankcase (PTO) there are: threaded holes for fastening the gear cover; 4 threaded holes for fastening the oil pump. In the back of the crankcase (MS) there are threaded holes for fastening the magneto-generator housing. In the top of the crankcase, on the left, near the cylinder N 2, there is a threaded hole M8, closed by a plug. If necessary, by screwing the stopper into this threaded hole, you can scare KB in the position of the n 2 piston in the VMT. Below is the threaded hole in which the magnetic cork is installed. At the bottom of the left half of the crankcase, two threaded holes are made to install the oil system recurrent fuel fitting. In the central part of the crankcase are three crankshaft supports. KB sliding bearings have liners. The central bearing has two stubborn semirings. In the lower part of the crankcase, there are three distribution shaft supports. Inserts camshaft sliding bearings do not have. Crankshaft, rods and bearings. The crankshaft together with connectors converts the operation of progressively moving pistons into the rotational energy of centuries through the gearbox. In addition, it provides the movement of the pistons during their non-working stroke and activates the camshaft and the magneto-generator. The crankshaft is a five-rode and consists of 7 (5) stamped parts with machining. The first support (from the PTO side) is located in the gear cover and has a bronze alloy bushing. The second, third and fourth support are located in the engine crankcase and have inserts from a steel aluminum alloy. The central support has two stubborn semiring, which perceive axial loads from square. The fifth support (from the MS side) is located in the magneto generator housing. The connecting rod is a stamped part with machining and is a rod of an 2-way cross section with a piston and crank head. The sliding bearing of the crank head has a sleeve. The crankshaft with connecting rods - the unintended part and repair under operating conditions is not subject to. The end portion of the crankshaft from the PTO side has slots and a thread of MZOH 1.5 for fastening the drive gear gear. The end portion of the crankshaft from MS has a cylindrical surface with a glass groove to install a camshaft drive gear, a cylindrical surface for the power of the electric starter gear, the conical surface and the left thread M34x1.5 for fastening the overtook coupling case, conical 7
8 Surface with a groove under the swing and the inner thread ML6X1.5 for fastening the magneto generator rotor. Pistons, rings and piston fingers. The piston perceives the pressure of the gases and transfers their work through the connecting rod. The piston is cast from aluminum alloy, mechanically processed outside and partially from the inside. The bottom of the piston has a deepening. Three grooves for installing rings are flowing in the piston head. The bottom groove has four radial oil reset holes. The upper and middle rings are compression, the lower ring is oil slimming and has a spacer spring. In the middle part of the skirt, two diametrically opposite bins with holes for installing the piston finger are made. Holes have two samples to improve the lubricant of the finger. Piston finger is a hollow, floating type, connects the piston with a connecting rod. From axial movement, the finger is fixed by two locking rings. ATTENTION: STORAGE Rings of Disposable Application. The axis of the piston finger is shifted relative to the piston axis. When installing, it is necessary to orient the piston so that the arrow on the bottom is directed to the reducer. Rings are installed so that the locks of the upper compression and oiling rings are oriented upwards, and the Lower Compression Castle. On the outer diameter of the pistons are broken into two classes: "Red" and "green". Cylinders and cylinder heads. The cylinder of the cylinder head and the bottom of the piston form a chamber in which the fuel is combustion - an air mixture. Cylinders are cast from aluminum alloy with subsequent machining. After honing, a silicone coating was performed on the working surface of the cylinder. Horizontal cooling edges are made on the outer surface of the cylinder. The cylinder is attached to the Carder together with the head using four studs and nuts. The cylinder connection with the crankcase is compacted by a rubber ring. The diameter of the cylinder sleeve is broken into two classes: "Red" and "green". The head of the cylinder is cast from aluminum alloy with subsequent machining. The double walls of the head form the space by which the cooling fluid circulates. In the head combustion chamber, the saddles of intake and exhaust valves are located, and from the opposite side - the cavity for the parts of the gas distribution mechanism, which is closed with a lid with sealing rings. In the top of the head there are holes for installation: the inlet pipe with four threaded holes, the flange of the rejected pipe of the cooling system with two holes, spark plugs. At the bottom of the head there are holes for installation: the underwater pipe of the cooling system, the bodies, the cylinder head sensor (only for cylinder heads N2 and 3); spark plug. In the side of the head there is a hole for installing the exhaust pipe. The flange fixing the nozzle is installed on two studs. The connection between the head and the cylinder does not have an additional seal. Generator housing. The generator body serves as the Carter Cover Cover from the MS side. The generator housing is attached to the engineer of the engine with nine bolts. The connection is compacted by a special sealant. The engine crankcase and the generator body form the cavity in which the camshaft drive, a water pump drive, an electric starter drive with an overtook clutch, mechanical tachometer drive. In the center of the housing is the fifth pillar of the crankshaft with the gland. The lower part of the generator body is the housing of the integrated water pump. The water pump lid is attached to the body with five bolts, of which two medium pass through the generator body and are screwed into the engine crankcase, and the lower bolt is a drain plugging of the engine cooling system. The combination of the housing and the cover is compacted by the parenchic gasket. In the left top 8
9 Enclosures made elements for installing an electric starter. In the left side of the housing, a hole is made to set the mechanical tachometer drive housing. On the outer part of the cover, 12 threaded holes are made to install the generator stator, the ignition system sensors and bending clamps. nine
10 Engine "Rotax-912uls". Drawing of a common type. 1 - intake nozzle; 2 - exhaust nozzle; 3 - oil filter; 4 - gearbox; 5 - BB flange; 6 - fuel pump; 7 - carburetor; 8 - electric starter; 9 - electronic ignition system unit; 10 - magnetogenerator housing; 11 - cooling system tank; 12 - Water pump 10
11 Engine "Rotax-912uls". Drawing of a common type. 3 - oil filter; 5-flange of explosives; 7 - carburetor; 8 - electric starter; 10 - magnetogenerator housing; 13-oil pressure sensor; 14-oil pump; 15 - oil temperature sensor; 16.-Cylinder 11
12 The direction of rotation The direction of rotation of the aircraft shaft counterclockwise, if you look from the PTO side (from the gearbox). WARNING: It is forbidden to turn the air screw against rotation. The direction of rotation of the air screw shaft 12
13 Reducer Depending on the type of engine, certificate and configuration, the gearbox can be supplied with or without an anti-loading clutch. Note: The control clutch is serially installed on all certified aircraft engines and unattended aviation engines in configuration N 3. Note: The figure shows a reducer with an anti-loading clutch. The design of the gearbox has a toric vibration damper damper. If the sound oscillation occurs, the angular movement of the slave gear relative to the cam coupling occurs, which causes a linear movement of the coupling and compression of the plate springs. In the presence of an anti-loading clutch, the quenching of small twist oscillations occurs due to the clutch formed by the fists of the driven gear and the anti-loading clutch, which ensures more smooth operation of the engine in the "Small Gas" mode. Torque works only when starting, stop and with sharp changes in modes. The anti-loading clutch ensures harmless to the engine of such modes. Note: The control clutch also prevents the load on the loading shaft caused by a screw strike on an extraneous object. A vacuum pump or a hydraulic regulator of the constant rotation speed of the air screw can be installed on the gearbox. The drive of the specified aggregates is made from the gearbox shaft. FUEL SYSTEM. The fuel system is used for storage, supplying and cleaning fuel, supplying and cleaning air, preparation of fuel-air mixture and feeding it in the engine combustion chamber. The fuel system (Fig. 28) includes: 1. Fuel tank. 2. Flip neck with a sfillage valve. 3. Filter of coarse cleaning. 4. Bringing fire crane. 5. Fine cleaning filter. 6. Mechanical fuel pump. 7. Drain crane. 8. Built-in fuel pump filter. 9. Returning highway. 10. Pressure indicator. Basic fuel system requirements. The fuel system should be designed in such a way as to ensure normal operation of the engine in all conditions declared in Ra la, without exceeding operational restrictions. The fuel system must comply with the requirements of aviation shelf life for this la. Nominal fuel pressure Maximum fuel pressure Minimum fuel pressure Minimum pump performance at 5800 rpm Maximum fuel temperature 0.3 MPa 0.4 MPa 0.15 MPa 35 l / h z6 with 13
14 Inner Diameter of Low Pressure Low Pressure 8 mm Inner High Pressure Mainer Diameter 6 mm Fuel Pump. Diaphragm type Pierburg fuel pump with mechanical drive. The fuel pump is mounted on the gear cap, drives from the eccentric on the VAL shaft and provides the fuel with excess pressure of MPa. When the fuel tank is located below the engine, it is recommended to install an additional electric pump in the highway between the fuel tank and the main pump. Fuel filter. On the elevated fuel tanks, it is necessary to install mesh fuel filters with 0.3 mm filtration subtlety. In the suction trip, before the fuel pump, you must install a mesh fuel filter with the subtlety of filtration 0.10 mm. Carburetor "Bing 64/32". The "Bing 64/32" carburetor "Bing 64/32" of a permanent vacuum, double-spotted, with a horizontal diffuser of the alternating section, with a starting enrichment, with a throttle flap 36 mm (Fig, 31 and 32) is designed to prepare fuel-air mixture on all engine operation modes. A permanent permanent permanent carburetor, with a horizontal diffuser, with a starting enrichment, with a throttle valve serves to prepare TVS on all modes of engine operation. The position of the throttle valve, the degree of its discovery changes the amount of permissions in the zone of the emulsion diffuser and provides the necessary conditions for the formation of conditioned TVs. The fastening of the carburetor to the engine is carried out through a rubber flange, which prevents the resonance phenomenon, leading to the failure of the float mechanism. The throttle valve control of carburetors (power) is synchronized, carried out from the cabin by moving the ore mechanically associated with throttle levers on the engine wiring / control engine. The selected position of the ore is saved using the lever loading mechanism. Float mechanism. The float mechanism is designed to maintain a given fuel level and includes two vertically moving plastic floors (12), a wilted lever (13), a needle valve (10). The use of two independent floats located on both sides of the OCI of the carburetor ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine in the evolution of la. The transfer of effort from the Wilk lever to the needle valve is carried out through the spring-loaded valve plunger and spring bracket (II), which prevents the effect of vibrations to work the float mechanism. Details of the mechanism should not have wear. Special attention should be paid to the state of the needle valve (Fig. 30). The level of fuel in the float chamber is controlled by the bending of the Wilk lever (13) bending so that when the carburetor is inverted, the gap between the Wilic lever and the caliber body was 0.4 ... 0.5 mm (Fig. 30). To control the adjustment, it is necessary to measure the fuel level in the float chamber, which should be on mm below the upper edge of the float chamber (15) when the floats shot. The pressure in the extravagidated float chamber space should be equal to the pressure at the inlet in the carburetor. The position of the souflaming tube (71) must ensure the execution of this requirement. The float chamber (15) is attached to the carburetor housing through the gasket (17) of the spring bracket (18). 14
15 Figure 30. Details of the float mechanism and adjustment of the fuel level. Fuel System Schemia 15
16 16
17 Fig. 32. The scheme of the carburetor 17
18 Main dosing system. The main metering system provides the supply of the required amount of fuel on all loading modes and includes a throttle (45), a plunger (19) with a return spring (26) and membrane (23), dosing the needle (20) with an adjusting ring (21), Chief Juger (7), Dosing Needle Zibler (3) and Emulsion Diffuser (2). The quality of the fuel-air mixture on all loading modes, in addition to the full load mode, is determined by the cross section of the channel formed by the dosing needle (3) jack and the dosing needle (20). The quality of the fuel-air mixture on the full load mode is determined by the diameter of the main gibler. The amount of the mixture is determined by the cross-sectional area in the diffuser of the carburetor, which is regulated by the throttle position (45). The throttle valve is attached to the shaft (43) with two screws (46). The seal between the shaft and the body is provided with a ring (44). Bracket (47) limits the axial movement of the shaft. The end of the shaft is mounted XX (50) and the drive lever (51). The position management of the valve is carried out by the cable in the bucket of the "Boouden" type. Using the bolt (52), bushings (53), washers (54) and nuts (55) to the drive lever joined the control cable passing through the focus of the beaser (66). The control system must be adjusted so that when installing ores in the position of the BP, the cable shell had freedom of movement of 1 mm. The return spring (56) is installed on the bracket (47) and the throttle drive lever (51) and acts on pulling the cable (increase in revolutions). The opening of the throttle (45) leads to an increase in air current in the diffuser and the creation of a vacuum in the zone of emulsion diffuser (2), which ensures the supply of fuel from the float chamber to the carburetor diffuser. But this vacuum does not provide a sufficient amount of fuel, so the carburetor is equipped with a constant permanent regulator. The regulator consists of a plunger (19), a diaphragm (23), which, together with the carburetor housing (1) and the lid (27), form two cavities. The permission in the diffuser is transmitted to the upper cavity of the regulator through the hole (U). The lower cavity of the regulator through the channel (V) is transmitted to the inlet to the carburetor. The force arising from the difference in the range lifts the plunger, overcoming its weight and squeezing the spring (26), which leads to an increase in the cross-section of the diffuser and the cross section of the channel formed by the dosing needle (3) jack and the dosing needle (20). The weight of the plunger (19) and the spring compression force (26) is coordinated and provide a constant vacuum in the zone of the emulsion diffuser until the plunger falls into the upper position. After that, the carburetor works as a carburetor with a constant diffuser. In the lid (27), a hole (D) was performed connecting the upper cavity of the regulator with the inner cavity of the lid. The diameter of the opening is designed so that the inner cavity of the cover works as a plunger oscillation shock absorber. The washer (6) installed between the main jet (7) and the sleeve (4), together with the float chamber, forms a ring canal, which ensures the presence of fuel in the zone of the main gibber in the evolution of la. The connection of the sleeve (4) with the carburetor housing is sealed by a ring (5) to eliminate the fuel supply bypassing the main gibber. Under the action of the vacuum, the fuel from the float chamber enters through the main jigger (7), the transition sleeve (4), the jibeler of the dosing needle (3) into the emulsion diffuser (2), and then into the carburetor diffuser. For high-quality formation of the fuel-air mixture, the fuel is mixed with air entering the channel (Z) to the emulsion diffuser to the dysfusor of the carburetor. Depending on the operating conditions (ambient temperature, the height of the base aerodrome), it is necessary to adjust the main dosing system. The quality of the fuel and air mixture on all load modes, in addition to the full load mode, is regulated by the permutation of the adjusting ring on the dosing needle (position 1 is the poorest mixture; position 4 is the richest mixture. See Fig. 31). The quality of the fuel-air mixture on the maximum load mode is adjusted by the replacement of the main gibler. The required bicker diameter is determined by the formula: D \u003d D 0 * K, where: 18
19 D - the required gibler diameter, D 0 is the standard gibrel diameter, K is a correction coefficient, depending on the operating conditions. The correction coefficient is determined from the table: H, M T, C -30 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.03 1.02 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.91 0 1.01 1.00 0,98 0 , 97 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.91 0,00 0,99 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.90 0,00 0.98 0.97 0.91 0.94 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.93 0, 92 0.90 0.89 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.90 0 , 89 0.88 0.86 Where: N, M is the height of the base aerodrome above sea level; T, C - ambient temperature. Stroke system. The idling system is designed to prepare and supply the enriched fuel-air mixture to ensure the sustainable operation of the engine at a low speed of the RV. It consists of an idle (8), LLD air canal, two channels La and BP, quality control screws (57) and quantity (49) of the mixture. When installing the throttle valve to the idling position in the La channel zone (before throttle), a large vaccine is created, under the action of which the fuel is supplied through the idle buster into the emulsion channel, which is mixed with air entering through the LLD channel. The resulting emulsion enters the diffuser through the LA channel. When moving ores from the mg position occurs, the range is redistributed in the throttle zone, and the emulsion is supplied through the La and BP channels, which ensures an increase in the fuel supply for a smooth transition, without failures, from the idling mode to the engine operation at the medium loads when the main Dosing system. Watching the quality screw of the mixture reduces fuel consumption, which leads to dining fuel-air mixture. When the quantity screw is wrapped in the mixture, the throttle is opened, which leads to an increase in the rotational speed of a kV. The quality screw of the mixture and the xx jibeler are compacted by rings (9). Spring (58) prevents spontaneous turning or wrapping the quality screw of the mixture. The enrichd of the carburetor. The carburetor enricheller serves to enrich the fuel-air mixture when starting the cold engine and consists of a disk valve (34), gibber (16), covers (33) and channels. Depending on the position of the valve, a vacuum is created in the fuel channels. In the "Off" position, the vacuum provides only filling the enrichment well in the float chamber. When the enrichment is turned on, the valve connects the air and fuel channels, which leads to an increase in the vacuum, at the expense of which an additional amount of fuel is supplied to the carburetor diffuser, which is strongly over the mixture. With further 19.
20 working with the enrichment included, fuel enters the expenditure well through the jaw (16), i.e. The level of re-enrollment of the mixture decreases. The shaft of the disk valve is condensed with a ring (35). The enrichtover cover is attached to the carburetor body with four bolts (37) and complied with a gasket (36). The position management of the enrichment lever is carried out by a cable in the bucket type "Bouden". To the lever, with a ball or cylinder with a locking screw, the control cable joins the focus of the beaser (68-70). The control system must be adjusted so that when installing the enrichment to the "off" position, the cable shell had freedom of movement of 1 mm. The return spring (42) is installed on the tide in the lid (27) and the enrichder drive lever (39) and acts on pulling the cable (turning off the enrichment). Note: I. The efficiency of the enrichment decreases if ore_ is not in the mg position. 2. To facilitate the "cold" engine launch, it is recommended to perform "cold." Scroll with turned off with enrichders to fill out consumables. ATTENTION: When the engine is operating on load modes with the enrichders of carburetors, a spontaneous decrease in the speed of rotation of KB may occur, up to the motor self-cap. Adjusting carburetors. Carburators adjustment provides for the following work: - Adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber; - adjustment of the main dosing system; - adjustment of the idle system; - adjustment of the starting system, when performing which it is necessary to ensure the synchronous operation of the carburetors. ATTENTION: Asynchronous operation of carburetors leads to an increase in the level of engine vibrations and loads on the details of the crank-connecting mechanism. With a mechanical synchronization method, it is visually checked by synchronization of throttle dampers of carburetors, the position of the amount of screws and the quality of the mixture and move the starting valves. With a pneumatic synchronization method to carb beyrators, instead of a screw (50), a two-standing or "U" is connected - a shaped pressure gauge to control the vacuum in the diffusers of carburetors, which should be the same in all modes of engine operation. Operation of the fuel system. With a preventive inspection, visually check the tightness of the fuel system and make sure that the gasoline is missing; Check the reliability of fastening carburetors and air filters. When operating the engine at low outdoor temperatures, the carburetor is icing: a) due to the presence of water in the fuel (to prevent use the fuel pure without water, filtered through suede); b) due to high humidity. In this case, use air heating at the entrance to the carburetor. Gas distribution mechanism. The gas distribution mechanism is designed for timely intake into the cylinders of the fuel-air mixture and the release of the exhaust gases. The engine gas distribution mechanism "Rotax-912L" has the lower arrangement of the camshaft and the upper location of the valves. The mechanism includes a camshaft with gap hydraulic components, rods, rockers, rowing axes, valves, springs and valve sleeve guide. twenty
21 Efforts from shaft cams through hydrocomathers, rods and rockers are transmitted to the valves that open, squeezing the springs. The closing of the valves occurs under the action of compressed springs. ATTENTION: Before starting the engine, it is necessary to perform a "cold" scrolling until the oil pressure appears to fill the hydrocomathers. The camshaft is located in the engine crankcase and has a drive from the crankshaft after a couple of gears. The speed of rotation is two times less than the rotation frequency of the crankshaft. The axial movement of the camshaft is limited by the support surfaces of gears installed on the shaft. From the distribution shaft from the PTO, the power is selected for the oil pump drive, and from the MS side to drive a water pump and a mechanical tachometer. When assembling the crankcase, it is necessary to combine the labels on the drive gears, which ensures the correct installation of the phases of the gas distribution. Engine lubrication system. The lubricant system is designed to lubricate the driving parts of the engine, as well as for partial cooling them and to remove wear products from them. Engine lubrication system (Fig. 37) is a closed type system with a "dry" crankcase, with forced oil circulation. Integrated bulk-type oil pump is activated from the camshaft. From the oil clock (1), the oil, under the action of the vacuum generated by the oil pump, enters the suction line (2), passes, coolant, through the radiator (3) and the suction line of the mains (4) falls into the suction cavity of the oil pump formed by the rotors (5). When rotating rotors, compression and movement of the oil portion into the pumping cavity of the oil pump occurs. From this cavity, the oil through the peripheral openings of the filter (7) falls into its inner cavity. Passing through the filter element into the inner cavity of the filter, the oil is cleaned of impurities. When the filter element is clogged, the valve (10) opens by the pressure drop and oil, bypassing the filter element, enters the engine, which prevents oil "starvation". ATTENTION: The engine lubricant with untreated oil leads to premature wear of its details. The use of recommended oils, the use of original oil filters and regular, timely execution of regulatory work eliminates this phenomenon. Purified oil falls into the hollow pressure cavity of the oil pump, which has a bypass valve (8). If the nominal pressure is exceeded, the ball opens the channel (9) of the oil pump, along which the oil surplus is powered into the suction cavity of the oil pump. The pressing pressure (the moment of opening the valve) is regulated by the number of washers under the spring. Note: With the "cold" start at low temperatures, the performance of the bypass valve may be insufficient due to the high viscosity of the oil. But when driving the engine, the viscosity of the oil drops and the pressure should not exceed the nominal value. From the cavity of the high pressure, the oil enters the channel (11) located in the left half of the crankcase. From the channel (11), the oil falls into the channels of cylinders of the cylinders 2 and 4 and of them, on the channels, the channels (13) and the rocker (15) comes to lubricating the parts of the gas distribution mechanism. According to the inner cavity of the hulls, the rods and canals (17) oil flows into the crankcase, lubricating the camshaft camshafts. From the channel (P), the oil also enables the lubricant of the lamp N3 (18) of the camshaft, via channels (19), (20) and (21) - on the lubricant of the LC and S2 of the crankshaft and the cylinder connecting rod (22 ) The oil enters the channel (23) located in the right half of the crankcase. From the channel (23), the oil enters the lubricant of the supports N1 (28) and N2 (24) of the camshaft; Support 21.
22 Hi, H2 and S1 of the crankshaft; cylinders connecting rod 1.2 and 3; Details of the gas distribution mechanism of cylinders 1 and 3. After lubricating connecting rod bearings, the oil splashing falls on the walls of the cylinders, pistons and piston fingers. After lubrication of Supports S 1 (31) and S2 (21), the oil falls into the gesture of the gearbox and the drives for lubricating their parts. If the engine is equipped with a regulator of the air screw step (version 912UL3), then the main oil (33) oil falls into the flange cavity (34), and then, to the gear pump (35) of the regulator. The oil pressure rises to 23 MPa and the channel (36) enters the inner cavity of the BB of the BB and channel (39) returns to the gearbox cavity. Oil consumption, and as a result, the pressure in the cavity of the BB shaft (38) depends on the position of the control lever. Pressure in the cavity affects the executive mechanism of the BB. All oil, after lubricating parts, flows into the lower part of the crankcase (40) and under the influence of pressure of crankcase gases, through the fitting (41) and the return highway (42) enters the oil (1). The adopted oil clock fitting is oriented so that the tangent oil falls on the separator (43), which provides gas separation. On the separator grid, the oil flows down, and the gases through the ventilation fitting (44) leave the tank. Gas removal can be carried out into the atmosphere, in an air filter or an additional tank that has a message with an atmosphere. It is necessary to provide protection for the ventilation opening from icing and clogging. If the overlapping of the ventilation hole still happened, then the excess pressure is poured through the valve cover of the filling neck of the oil clock. During operation, it is necessary to constantly monitor the pressure and temperature of the oil. To do this, the temperature sensor is installed in the channel zone (11), and the channel zone (23) is the pressure sensor. Operation of oil system. With a preventive inspection, visually check the tightness of the lubricant system, make sure that there is no oil. Check the oil level. Before checking the oil level, tighten the BB in the direction of rotation to several revolutions to complete the oil return from the engine into the Maslobacion or to work on the MG mode within 1 minute. The oil level should be between the MIN and MAX marks of the meter (the difference between MIN and MAX marks is 0.45 liters). Do not allow the engine to operate with oil temperature below normal (90-100ºС), because This leads to the formation of water condensate in the lubrication system. To remove condensate, at least once a day exceed the oil temperature above 100ºС. 22.
23 Maslobac Fig. 37. Engine lubrication system "ROTAX-912UL" 23
24 cooling system. The cooling system is designed to maintain the optimal thermal mode of the engine by adjustable heat removal from parts, which are heated as a result of friction or contact with hot gases. In case of insufficient heat, the engine overheats, which leads to a drop in power and an increase in fuel consumption, in addition, detonation may occur. With strong overheating there is a "hot" scope and piston jamming. The engine supercool leads to an increase in fuel consumption and a significant decrease in the resource of the details of the cylinder-piston group. Strong overcooling can cause a "cold" piston loop and cracks on the inner walls of the cooling shirt. On the engine "Rotax 912" a combined type cooling system. Cylinders are cooled with air. Cylinder heads are cooled with liquid. Liquid cooling system. Liquid cooling system of a closed type with a forced circulation of fluid from a centrifugal pump. The coolant from the lower point of the radiator is supplied with a water pump in the head cooling shirts, then enters the expansion tank - the battery and returns to the radiator. The impeller of the pump is mounted on the shaft, which is activated from the camshaft with a pair of gears (Fig. 6 and Fig. 10). The receiving nozzle located in the pump lid may have four angular positions. The pump has four handouts, screwed into the case, which are connected to the hoses with the bottom nozzles of the head cooling shirts. To remove the liquid in the upper part of the shirts there are taps, which are connected with the hoses with the receiving nozzles of the expansion tankaccumulator. The tank has a rejected fitting, which is connected to the upper point of the radiator or the expansion tank (depending on the system layout). The expansion cavity, being the upper point of the cooling system, has a valve cover, which adjusts the connection to the overflow capacitance. When the coolant is heated, it is expanded, which causes an increase in pressure in the system. The exhaust valve opens when the pressure in the system is greater than 0.9 MPa and through the overflow unit, the portion of the liquid enters the overflow container. When cooled fluid, it is compressed and the system creates a vacuum. The intake valve in the lid opens the liquid, due to the vacuum returns to the system. The thermal mode of the engine must be monitored by the temperature of the cylinder head. The temperature sensor is set to the hole of a hotter cylinder head (2 or 3). As the main parameter, the fluid temperature at the outlet of the engine can be used, but after determining the interconnection of the temperature of the fluid and the head temperature. An aqueous solution of ethylene glycol with anti-corrosion, anti-speaking and lubricant additives is used as a coolant (for example, Tosol A40 and its analogues). In the summer period of operation, to increase the efficiency of the cooling system, the addition of distilled water is allowed, but not more than 50%. Attention: 1. The coolant should be compatible with aluminum. 2. Ethylene glycol - poisonous! With a preventive inspection, visually check the tightness of the cooling system, verify the absence of a coolant leakage. Check the coolant level in the expansion tank. The fluid level in the overflow tank should be between the MIN and MAX marks. In order to avoid burn, check on the cold engine. 24.
25 Cooling system Circuits 25
26 Startup system The start-up system is electrical and serves to promote the crankshaft to revolutions of reliable sparking and creating the conditions of fuel inflammation in the engine combustion chambers. The launch system includes the following main units and switching equipment: - Electrostar; - accumulator battery; - "Run" button; - Wiring. The engine is equipped with an electric starter with a capacity of 0.6 "kW, which is installed on the generator body, is attached to it with two studs and clamp. The starter is connected to the mains using a starter relay. As a source of electric current in the starting network, a starter type battery with a rated voltage is used in the starting network. 12V and a minimum capacity of 26 Ah. In the launcher for connecting the engine with a mass and rechargeable battery with "mass", the starter from its relay and the battery switch with the battery with a cross-section of at least 16 mm 2. With a gas station "Network 12B" press The "Run" buttons leads to rotation of the electric starter, torque from which is transmitted through a pair of intermediate gears on the overtaking clutch mounted on the crankshaft. The "Run" button is held down until the oil pressure values \u200b\u200bappear on the indicator, but not more than 10 seconds. Worker duration the cycle is not more than 4 minutes, since the launcher The relay is not designed for long-term mode. Continuous starter operation should not exceed 10 seconds. Long starter work causes its overheating. Re-enable starter after cooling for 2 minutes. When the engine is running, it is forbidden to click on the starter button. This can lead to engine stop and starter destruction. Start the engine to perform with the enrichdler. If the engine is heated to operating temperatures, the launch is performed without turning on the enrichment. 26.
27 Rice Engine start system. 1 - rechargeable battery (type DT-1226), 2 - contactor, 3 - tire 12 V, 4 - button "Run", 5 - launcher relay DENSO182800, 6 - starter, 7 - gas station "Devices", 8 - Voltmeter, 9 - Switch "Battle",. Ignition system. The ignition system serves to ignite the working mixture in the cylinders at a certain point. The engine "ROTAX-912" is equipped with a duplicate contactless-thyristor ignition system with a condenser discharge. The composition of the ignition system includes: Ti pole generator: - the flywheel of the generator with 10 permanent magnets, - 8 stator coils that ensure the operation of the power supply system, 2 stator coils (16), ensuring the operation of the ignition system. 2. Contour sensors "A" of the ignition system are non-contact electrical pulse generators. 3. Contour sensors "in" ignition systems - non-contact generators of electrical 27
28 pulses. 4. Sensor of the electronic tachometer-contactless generator of electrical pulse. 5. Two-channel tachometer connector. 6. Electronic tachometer. 7. Ignition switches. 8. Single-channel connectors. 9. Four-channel ignition sensor connectors. 10. Electronic contour block "A" (upper). 11. Electronic contour block "in" (lower). 12. Double high-voltage ignition coils. 13. Engine. 14. Cylinders. 15. Spark plugs with tips: 1B - Lower Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder NI, IT - Top Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder N 1, 2B - Lower Cylinder Candle N 2, 2T - Top Cylinder Candle N 2, SV - Lower Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder, ZT - Top Candle Cylinder N 3, 4B - Lower Cylinder Candle N 4, 4T - Top Cylinder Candle N 4. 28
29 Ignition System Elements 29
30 in fig. 50 is a schematic diagram of the ignition system, where the numbers are indicated: Ti Pole Generator: - Flywheel Generator with 10 permanent magnets, - 8 stator coils providing the operation of the power supply system, - 2 stator coils (21), ensuring the operation of the ignition system. 2. Contour sensors "A" of the ignition system are non-contact electrical pulse generators. 3. Contour sensors "in" ignition systems are non-contact electrical pulse generators. 4. The electronic tachometer sensor is a non-contact pulse generator. 5. Electronic tachometer. 6. Four-channel ignition sensors connector. 7. Ignition switches. 8. Electronic contour block "A" (upper). 9. Electronic contour block "in" (lower). 10. Condenser discharge control unit. 11. Capacitor charging unit. 12. Condenser discharge control unit. 13. Capacitator charging diodes. 14. Capacitors. 15. Thyristor discharge condenser. 16. Double high-voltage ignition coil of lower candles 3 and 4 cylinders. 17. Double high-voltage ignition coil of upper candles 1 and 2 cylinders. 18. Double high-voltage ignition coil of lower candles 1 and 2 cylinders. 19. Double high-voltage ignition coil of upper candles 3 and 4 cylinders. 20. Spark plugs (NGK DCPR7E). 21. Generator connectors. Vz (ignition switches). The vial in the "off" closes the brown wire of the electronic unit on the mass, turning the corresponding contour from the work. Turning off one of the circuits at the speed of KB 3850 rpm should not lead to a drop in the speed of KB by more than 300 rpm, and the difference in drops in contours should not exceed 115 rpm. The voltage in the circuit takes to 250 V, the current is up to 0.5 A. VZ and their chain should be shielded and grounded. ATTENTION: 1. When completing the flight, both contours must be included. 2. Combining switches to one toggle switch is prohibited. thirty
31 Ignition system scheme 31
32 spark plugs. The ignition system uses NGK DCPR7E (with a built-in resistor). Thread Size - ML2X1,25, threaded length -17 mm, tightening torque - 20 nm. The gap between the electrodes of the candle is 0.7 ... 0.8 mm. Note: The clearance is measured with wire probe. Cleaning the candles and checking the gap between the electrodes is made when performing regulatory work. Replacing the candles is performed when performing 200-t hour regulations. Attention: It is forbidden: 1. The use of candles inappropriate technical data. 2. Application of candles of different types. 3. Partial replacement of candles. 4. Installation of candles on a hot engine. 5. Rearrange of candles. 6. Cleaning with candles with abrasive materials. The color of the candle electrodes characterizes the state of the fuel system elements. Brown tint - a good condition of the fuel system elements. Black color - enriched mix. White color is a depleted mixture. The most likely reasons for the enriched mixture are: 1. clogging of the air filter. 2. Incorrect adjustment or increased wear of the elements of the main dosing system of the carburetor. 3. High fuel in the float chamber. The most likely causes of the depleted mixture are: 1. clogging fuel highways. 2. Incorrect adjustment or clogging of the elements of the main dosing system of the carburetor. 3. Low fuel in the float chamber. 4. Air seats through the fastening flange of the carburetor. Candle tips. For connecting high-voltage wires to ignition candles, tips with interference resistance are used. Before connecting a tip with a high-voltage wire, apply a lithium-based grease on a threaded rod in a tip shank. The clamp mounted on the tip provides additional fixation and sealing of the compound. When preparing the engine to flight, it is necessary to check the reliability of fixing the tips on the ignition candlelight. When performing regulatory work, you must check and clean the contact node of the tip. The force of removing the tip from the candle should be at least 30 N. Attention: it is forbidden: 1. The use of candle tips of different types. 2. Operation of the engine with damaged candle tips, 3. Removing the tip from the candle with the engine running. 32.
33 Reduced radio domain. To reduce the level of radio cells, refinement of the ignition system is possible: 1. Installation of shielded candle tips. 2. Shielding high-voltage wires. 3. Shielding of wires off the ignition circuits and vz. Ignition installation (Fig. 51). The design of the ignition system elements does not allow the ignition advance angle adjustment. When performing regulatory work, it is necessary to check the gap and the displacement between the protrusions of the ignition sensors and the Magneto flywheel (Fig. 51). Clearance for an old type sensor Clearance for a new type sensor Displacement 0.4 0.5mm 0.3 0.4mm 0.0 0,2mm * T adjustment of gaps and displacement 33
34 Exhaust exhaust system The exhaust system is designed to remove the spent gases and reduce the noise level from the operating engine. For the engine "Ro-Tax-912uls2", one silencer is used, combining four pipes. The exhaust system includes: - Receptionable nozzles with flanges; - graduation Pipelines; - hinges; - silencer; - exhaust pipe; - details of fastening and content. The receiving nozzle is attached to the head of the cylinder using the flange. The flange is installed on two studs and will be pulled by two self-locking nuts mobility of pipe connections with "silencer provide hinges. The silencer is attached to the exhaust pipelines using springs and the wire is controlled. Hinged compounds are lubricated with heat-resistant lubricant with graphite filler, since the exhaust system operates in tense temperature conditions. The fastening of its elements with hinges that ensures the mobility of the compounds, reduces the likelihood of creating voltage concentrators and subsequent defects, destruction. On the other hand, under the condition of ensuring the tightness and permissible mobility of the elements of the exhaust system, the springs must be made up to eliminate their abrasion about the silencer and the loss of the springs in the event of their destruction. With a preventive inspection of the engine, make sure that there are no damage to the exhaust system and its attachments, as well as in the absence of traces of the gas breakthrough. 34.
35 elements of the exhaust system. 35.
36 Engine Control System Engine Management is performed using: 1) Arrich control levers and throttle, 2) The heating lever of carburetors. Boouden cables are used to transmit control movements. Boudenov cables are covered with heat-resistant substance, as they pass through the fire partition. Throttle The throttle operation is controlled by the gas lever (ores), which are located on the left and central panel. Boudenovski cables with the help of the clips are attached to the lever under the dashboard. The lever is associated with gas control through the craving with a hinge compound. Boudenesk cables on the other end are attached to two carburetors with clips. The coating cable sheath is attached at both ends to the brackets adjustable by carburetors. The stroke limiter is located on the carburetor. In the case of operation with the failures of the acting throttle mechanism, the spring will set the throttle in the fully open position. In addition, on each shoulder of the throttle of the carburetor installed a spring. The enrichd of the carburetor. The processing valve control valve, which is located on the launch circuit of the carburetor is carried out by a control handle located under the left side of the dashboard. The movement of the handle is transmitted to the carburetor using a Boouden cable. The Boouden cable shell is attached to the control sector by clamping. Next to the carburetor, the Boudenovsky cable is fixed by an adjustable screw. The stroke limiter is located on the carburetor. The heating of the carburetor leading to the carburetor heating handle, the shield in the air distribution box rotates and sends the preheated air to the carburetors to prevent their icing. The heating handle of the carburetors is located at the bottom of the dashboard. Movement from the handle to the shield is transmitted using a Boouden cable. Friction management of the gas sector. The positions of ores can be fixed by raising the Rud retainer lever into the upper position located at the bottom of the panel in the center. Fixation is carried out by clamping ores between fixing gaskets. With a preventive inspection of the aircraft, check the smoothness and ease of moving ores from the "mg" stop until the "BP" stop and back .. 36
Cylinder diameter: Piston stroke: Working volume: Rotax 912 ULS engine 84 mm 61.0 mm 1352 cm3 Compression ratio: 10.5: 1 Power: take-off (with input receiver) cruising (with input receivers) torque
Device and operation of aircraft and radioelectronic equipment of the aircraft P2002 "Sierra" Lecturer of the Ural UTC GE Tetherin V.I. Yekaterinburg 2010 2 3. Electrical Equipment Ignition System
Details catalog for diesel engine Y80 Yandong Co., Ltd. Chinese People's Republic Content. Engine housing assembly (480) 2. Engine housing assembly (380) 3. Engine housing assembly (280)
2.1.01 Engine 2.1.01 Engine Name of component component Quantity 0 AZ6100008198 Motor D10 assembly 1 第 1 页 2.1.02 Cylinder block assembly 2.1.02 Cylinder block assembly Name of component
E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 E00000 SPU
Upper fairing Upper fairing Article Description Quantity 1 Alt15-06000000 Upper fairing assembly 1 2 Alt15-06000001 Upper fairing 1 3 Alt15-06000002 Seal 1 4 Alt15-06000005 Hook 1
Illustrated Spare Parts Catalog Model: DC93E 2 000000 Handle Handle 00720030 Engine Shutdown Lever 2 9 20 2050290003 GB / T 5789-986 Stiletooth U-shaped Mounting Handles
Illustrated Spare Parts Catalog Model: DC63E 2 3 0030005 Gas Lever 0005003 Rotation Angle Adjustment Arm Arm 000000 Handle Handle 3 2 5 00620002 0066000 Bracket Bracket Fastening
Upper fairing Upper fairing Article Description Qty 1 ALF2.5-06000000 Upper fairing assembly 1 2 ALF2.5-06000002 Cover of the upper fairing 1 3 ALF2.5-06000003 Holder 1 4 ALF2.5-06000001
MC 7200E EAN8-20015879 Generator Revision: April 2016 Designed in Austria. Produced in p.r.c. www.maxcutpro.com Figure A-661E-4, B-662E-A3, C-555 Table to Figure A-661E-4 A1 005011297 Cross Beam
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Article Name Article Name 0030005 Gas Lever 0005003 Arm Control Arm Adjustment Arm Control Arm 000000 Handle Handles 000003 Reverse Reverse Lever 0009030 Working
0020000063 UD78E engine 22 53000000 Washer 0 4 2 0390900000 Pump housing engine side 23 5302000002 Spring washer 0 4 3 03909000300 Implifter seal 24 520000000 Nut M0 4 4 03909000200
Instrumental materials on the discipline "Power units" Questions to test 1. For which the engine is intended, and what types of engines are installed on domestic cars? 2. Classification
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Part Number 00000J Name Number of engine type with clutch and gearbox 00005J Engine without clutch and gearbox 00000J Engine with clutch engine assembly number Name
Rotax 912.(80 l. P.) - gasoline, four-stroke, four-cylinder with carburetor mixture Aviation engine.
The location of the cylinders is the opposite (boxer), the lower location of the camshaft of the gas distribution system. The Rotax 912 motor is equipped with gap hydraulic components in valves.
Engine Rotax 912.has an air system cooled cylinders and a liquid cylinder head cooling system. Ignition electronic dubbed.
Fuel - 95 y. automotive gasoline.
System of lubricant - with a "dry crankcase". Fuel pump - mechanical diaphragm, water pump - integrated. The engine is equipped with an electric starter. Gear ratio of gearbox i \u003d 2,2727 or i \u003d 2,4286.
An integrated 12-pole generator ensures the operation of the engine ignition system and an aircraft electrode system.
For mounting to the motor, the engine has eight threaded holes in the crankcase.
Engine resource to the first overhaul, as well as an interremmer resource - 2000 hours or 15 years of operation.
Construction and operation Engine
Rotax 912 ULS. And its systems download.
Specifications Rotax 912
| Engine type (model) | Rotax 912. |
| Manufacturer: |
Bomardier-Rotax (Austria) |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Mass kg. | UL 2 and UL 4 -55.4 kg. UL 3 - 59.8 kg. |
| Working volume cm. | 1211 |
| Power, kWt. take-off | 59.6 |
| Power, kWt. Cruising | 58 |
| Power hp take-off | 80 |
| Power hp Cruising | 77.8 |
| Revs in min. | 5800/5500 |
| Torque nm | |
| Revs in min. | |
| Electronic ignition system | |
| Carburetor | |
| Air filter | 4 |
| Fuel pump | |
| Manual starter | |
| Electrostarter | |
| Exhaust pipe | - |
| Muffler | - |
| Cooling | Liquid |
| Company | Boxer |
