Health facilities in the process of their financial and economic activities are often provided with temporarily free space for rent. Relations between the tenant and the landlord are drawn up by the Treaty. What is the differences between the financial and operating lease? As on accounts accounting Reflects operations for renting property? How to keep records of property transmitted for rent before January 1, 2018?
On January 1, 2018, the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 2016 No. 258n, who approved the Federal Standard of Accounting for the Organizations of the Public Sector Rental (hereinafter referred to as the Rental Standard). In order to switch to the application of the provisions of this standard, the Ministry of Finance has developed:
– Methodical instructions (Contained in the annex to the letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 13, 2017 No. 02-07-07 / 83463) (hereinafter referred to as letter No. 02-07-07 / 83463).
Consider the consultations voiced in the preamble, relying on the information provided in the above letters and in the standard "Rent", but before we define what the difference between the financial (inoperative) and operating lease. The correct classification of property as objects of operating or financial (non-usoperation) lease is important for correct reflection in accounting accounting accounts.
What is the differences between the operating and financial lease?
The Rental Standard classifies rental on operating and financial (inoperative).
The property transferred to the rent is classified for accounting purposes as object of operating lease If the following conditions are provided from the conditions of use of the property (clause 12 of the Rental Standard, Section II.1. Letters No. 02-07-07 / 83464):
1. The use of the property is less and unsubscribe with the remaining useful use of the property transferred to the use specified in its provision. Here, we note that the usefulness of the lease account is the deadline for which the use of the lease accounting facility is provided for the use of a lease in its activities for the purpose of which it was obtained (use in order to obtain economic benefits or useful use related use. The object of accounting lease). When comparing the term of use of the property provided for by the terms of the contract, and the remaining useful life of the property being transmitted to use should be proceeded from the obligation of the property of the property to implement the return of the lease (use) in a state that allows the right holder (owner) to use it in the future .
2. At the date of classification of lease accounting objects, the total amount of rent (fees for the use of property provided for by the contract for the entire use of property) and the amount of all payments (redeemed price) required to realize the right to redeeper the property at the end of the use of the property, provided that What amounts to such payments predetermines the implementation of the specified repurchase of property after the expiration of the property, lower and incomprehensible with the fair value of the property transferred to the use of the lease accounting facilities.
Lease accounting objects arising under a lease agreement, within which rent payments are only a fee for the use of leased property (rent), are classified for the purpose of applying the Rental Standard as operating lease accounting facilities (p. 15 of the Rental Standard).
Lease accounting objects are classified for accounting purposes as objects of financial (inoperative) lease If the following (paragraph 13 of the Rental Standard ") is provided from the terms of use of the property:
1. The use of the property to compare with the remaining useful use of the property transferred to the use specified in its provision.
2. At the date of the classification of lease accounting objects, the sum of all rental payments (expected economic benefits of the landlord) is comparable with the fair value of the property transferred to the use of the property determined on the date of classification of lease accounting objects.
3. Transfer of property rights to the leased property to the leaser after the lease term or before its expiration, provided that the tenant is made by the tenant due to the redemption price contract. At the same time, the size of the redemption price (redemption payments) is so lower than the market value of the property provided for use, taking into account its natural wear, at the end of the term of use, which it predetermines the implementation of the specified property redemption by the user (tenant).
4. The property transmitted to use is a specialized nature that allows only the user (tenant) to use it without significant changes (reconstructions (modifications)).
5. The property transmitted to use cannot be replaced by other property without additional financial expenses.
6. The priority of the tenant to extend the lease agreement for an additional period while maintaining the former level of rental payments or rent, including lower than the market.
7. Losses (profit) from changes in the fair value of the property transmitted to use during the term of the contract refer to the user of such property, including due to an increase in rental payments (rent) for the unilateral solution of the owner (right holder) of property.
Lease accounting objects arising under a lease agreement providing for the provision by the Lessor by installments on the payment of rental payments (rent and (or) redemption value of the leased property) are classified for the purpose of applying the Rental Standard as the objects of accounting for financial (inoperative) leases.
In most cases, the terms of the lease agreement concluded by health care facilities, when providing property for temporary use, meet the operating lease conditions, therefore, in consultation, consider the peculiarities of reflecting on accounting accounts for the transfer of property to use within the operating lease.
How are operations on operating lease agreements concluded before 01.01 2018?
Since the concepts of "operating lease", "Financial (inoperative) rent", as well as the Rental Standard, begin to be applied by state (municipal) institutions from January 1, 2018, health facilities should be:
revise all lease agreements concluded before this date, which has not expired at the end of 2017;
determine the contract for the operating or financial lease.
In order to identify lease accounting objects to be reflected in the relevant accounting accounts (balance sheet, off-balance), the institution needs to do the following:
1. Conduct an inventory of objects of property obtained (transmitted) to use in accordance with contracts concluded before January 1, 2018 and in force during the application of the Rental Standard (under contracts with a period of action both in 2017 and a year (s ), the next (ie) behind it).
2. Determine the remaining useful use of the operating lease objects (the remaining deadlines for the use of property objects).
3. Determine the amount of obligations to pay rental payments for the remaining time of useful use of facilities (starting from 2018 to the completion of the timelines for the use of lease accounting objects).
4. To form an accounting certificate (F. 0504833) in order to form incoming residues on lease accounting objects.
In the accounting certificate, the Landlord (Balancer) of the operating lease accounting objects reflects such operations:
5. Certification of indicators of accepted lease accounting objects for balance accounts and indicators reflected in 2017 (as of January 1, 2018) on the relevant analytical accounts for accounting for off-balance accounts 25 "Property transferred to paid use (lease), 26 "Property transferred to free use."
6. Check availability of information on the transfer of property (part of the property) to the user as part of the operating lease in the inventory card accounting of non-financial assets (f. 0504031) (hereinafter referred to as the inventory card (f. 0504031)). In the absence of specified information in the inventory card (f. 0504031) it must be made.
7. Certification of forecast income indicators reflected in the plan of financial and economic activities, in terms of rental payments with the volume of expected revenues from rental payments (account 0 401 40 121) and, if necessary, adjust them.
Example.
As of January 1, 2018, a health facility has, which is classified as an operating lease agreement. The term of the contract expires in November 2018. The size of the monthly rent is 25,000 rubles.
In accounting accounts in the formation of incoming residues, operations under the operating lease agreement are reflected:
How are they recorded in accounting for operating lease agreements concluded after 01.01.2018?
From the provisions of the Rental Standard, as well as letters No. 02-07-07 / 83464.02-07-07 / 83463 follows, the following accounts are used in the reflection of operations on the provision of property for lease:
- 0 205 21,000 "Calculations with payers of income from the operating lease", 0 205 22 000 "Calculations with payers of income from the financial lease" (when reflecting payments for rent payments with the Property user);
- 25 "Property transferred to paid use (rent)", 26 "Property transferred to free use" (reflects information about property objects transmitted to use);
- 0 401 40 121 "Incomes of future periods from the operating lease", 0 401 40 122 "Incomes of future periods from the financial lease" (reflected expected income from rental payments, calculated for the entire use of the property provided for on the date of concluding a contract (contract)) ;
- 0 205 35,000 "Calculations for income on conditional rental payments", 0 401 10 135 "Revenues of the current financial year on conditional rental payments" (revenues (calculations) on conditioned lease payments arising from the date of determination of their value (as a rule, monthly));
- 0 401 40,000 "Income of future periods" (the account is used only when reflecting the financial lease operations, and with the help of it is reflected in interest payments).
According to the rules established from January 1, 2018, the operations committed by the institution under the contract of operating lease will be reflected in this way:
1. Reflect the transfer of property transmitted as an internal movement of the object. Paragraph 24 of the Rental Standard, the transfer of the operating lease accounting object to the user (leater) is reflected by the landlord to the date of classification of the lease object as the inner movement of the non-financial asset without reflecting its disposal on accounting accounts.
On accounts accounts, this is reflected in this way:
|
Debit |
Credit |
|
|
Reflects the operation on the internal movement of the object in the amount of the book value transferred to the use of property (equipment) |
0 101 34 310 |
0 101 34 310 |
|
Information on the book value of the operating lease objects transmitted to use, simultaneously with reflection on the balance sheet accounts for the internal movement of the object of the non-financial asset (reflecting in the inventory card (F. 0504031) of the marking of the object transfer (its part) to the use of other copyright holder) on the corresponding off-balance accounts |
Note:when transferring a part of the inventory facility in the case when the institution did not decide on the separation of the transferred part of the property (for example, a separate element of equipment, a car, part of the room), correspondence on the internal movement or separation of the transmitted part of the inventory object in accounting are not reflected .
2. Reflect the transmission of an object (part of the object) to use legal entity in the inventory card (f. 0504031).
3. On the object (part of the object), transferred for rent, continue to accrue depreciation. The accrual of depreciation of the facility of fixed assets recognized as the operating lease accounting object is carried out with a reflection of the expenditures of the current financial period, isolated on the relevant accounts of the work plan of the accounts of the account of the metering. Depreciation is carried out by a linear way, taking into account the deadline for completing the depreciation, the rate of depreciation charges defined for the facility of the fixed assessment recognized as the lease accounting object with its acceptance of accounting (Section III.3. Letters No. 02-07-07 / 83464).
4. Reflect the revenues from providing the right to use the operating lease asset. According to paragraph 24 of the Rental Standard at the date of classification of the lease object (when transferring the object of accounting for the operating lease to the user (tenant), with the internal movement of the non-financial asset), the tenant is recognized in accounting the following lease accounting objects:
The tenant (calculations for income from property) in the amount of the obligations of the tenant (user) on rent payments for the entire use of the lease accounting object;
the upcoming revenues from the provision of the right to use the asset (income of future periods expected from executing the landlord of the obligation to provide for the use of property) in the amount of rental payments for the entire use of the lease accounting facility.
The accounts accounts for the recognition of the upcoming income from the provision of the right to use the asset are reflected in this way:
5. In the accounts of validity of expenses, we reflect the planned (forecast) appointments on income from the operating lease. Denial operations on accounting accounts will be affected as follows:
6. Comparison on accounts on accounts 2 401 40 121 "Incomes of future periods from the operating lease" and 2 504 00 121 "Estimated (planned, forecast) appointments through revenues from the operating lease" with the amount of appointments reflected in the approved financial and economic planning plan And if necessary, we will adjust the indicators of the plan of financial and economic activities.
7. Reflect the recognition of the current fiscal year's revenues from the provision of the right to use the operating lease asset (that is, we transfer out of the income of future periods in the income of the current period).
Recognition of income from the provision of the right to use the asset of the operating lease of income of the current fiscal year is carried out in one of the following methods (paragraph 25 of the Rental Standard):
1) evenly (monthly) throughout the term of use of the lease accounting object;
2) In accordance with the established lease agreement (property hiring), the schedule for receiving rental payments (rent).
The accounts of accounting operations on the recognition of income of the current fiscal year are reflected in this way:
In case of receipt of rental payments (rent) in accordance with the schedule established by the agreement, the difference between the loan indicator (residue) in account 0 401 40 121 and the debit indicator (residue) in account 0 205 21,000 reflects the settlement debt for rent payments :
a) with a negative value - receivables of the leaser for payments, the payment period of which came according to the schedule stipulated by the Treaty;
b) With a positive meaning - the volume of preliminary (advance) payments paid for previously the deadlines provided for by the payment schedule.
When recognizing revenues for operating lease (the right to use asset), the income of the current fiscal year decreases previously recognized income of future periods from the operating lease (the right to use asset).
8. Recognizing the costs of the content of the property transferred according to the operating lease, subject to the further presentation of the tenant (user) to compensation. Expenditures on the maintenance of the lease object (for example, operating costs, maintenance costs, current repair), manufactured by the landlord (property owner) in accordance with the contract concluded by them (contract), are recorded in the generally established manner (on the basis of relevant documents confirming the amounts of work, consumed services).
Accounting records reflected in accounting in the exercise of the property costs (when appropriate obligations) will be such:
9. Reflect the costs of conditional rental payments (revenues from reimbursement of costs transferred to the use of property). Accounting records for the reflection of income obtained by the institution from reimbursement by the tenant of expenses for the maintenance of the leased property are reflected in the debit of account 2 205 35 560 "Increase accounts receivable In revenues on conditional rental payments »and account loan 2 401 10 135" Revenues for conditional rental payments ".
At the end of the consultation, we note:
1. The lease agreement is classified as operating lease or financial (non-orperation) lease.
2. The transfer of property under the operating lease agreement is drawn up as an internal movement of the object. When transferring a part of the property to the internal movement of the object is reflected only if by decision of the institution the transmitted part will be extracted from the common property and adopted as a separate object.
3. In the accounting policy of the institution regarding the rules for conducting accounting, lease accounting facilities should be provided for:
used depreciation methods relative to lease accounting groups (we recommend installing a linear depreciation method);
features of applying primary (consolidated) account documents when reflecting operations on lease accounting facilities, including when changing their value estimates in accounting, with early termination of contracts for the use, reclassification of lease accounting facilities;
the procedure for the inventory of lease accounting facilities, adopted taking into account the provisions of the Order No. 52n.
Currently, up to 30% of fixed assets are purchased using lease agreements. The following types of rental are distinguished: operating,, returnable, combined.
Operating (service) Rent assumes transmission to use. Important characteristic operating lease, distinguishing it from other varieties is to continue and maintenance asset by the transmitting side.
One of the pioneers of such operations was IBM. IBM leased computers, multiplying and office equipment.
Ideal for leaseing other objects that require financing and regular maintenance, such as road machinery, machine-building equipment, etc.
With such a lease on the landlord assigned to service. Rental payments, as a rule, include the service cost.
Characteristic feature operating lease is incomplete depreciation asset.
The lease object is rented for a significantly smaller period than the installed service. In this case, rent payments do not cover complete value Rental property.
There are several for the landlord in different ways Coatings of their own. It is possible to resume the lease agreement, retire the lease object to use another tenant or its sale.
An important point in the lease agreements is the cancellation agreement, which gives a tenant early termination contract. The presence of this item allows you to unambiguously classify the lease as an operating.
Standard International IAS 17 "Rent" introduces lease classification. The type of lease is determined on the basis of the benefit and between the tenant and the landlord.
Benefits are caused by expected from operations throughout the service life of the asset and from increasing the cost.
The risks are caused by the possibility due to downtime, obsolescence of the object of the lease and changes in the economic conditions of its operation, entailing a change in the conjuncture.
Operating lease There is a place if almost all risks and benefits are transmitted to the tenant along with the leased asset. This lies the indigenous difference from the financial lease or selling in installments.
Accounting operating lease
The operating lease payments are reflected as the implementation of services in the lines "periods of periods" at the tenant and "income of future periods" at the lessor denoting prepayment.
Rental payments, with the exception of maintenance costs, etc., are recognized as costs to be debited. Write-off is carried out on a straightforward basis.
One of the varieties of operating lease can be returned rental. The term means that the owner of the asset sells an asset and gets for it. After a perfect transaction, the seller takes a sold bank sold.
Depending on the conditions on which the asset is brought to, rent is classified by type as an operating or financial.
Currently, a new edition of IFRS Standard is being prepared, in which the concept of operating lease will disappear.
The Ministry of Finance of Russia for leadership in the paper prepared guidelines for the use of transitional provisions of the "fixed assets" in terms of reflection issues in accounting on the relevant balance sheet accounts of real estate objects.
During the annual inventory, be sure to see the lease agreements and gratuitous use for all objects obtained by your institution without securing on the right of operational management. Now such objects are listed in your account balance on account 01 ().
Select all lease agreements and gratuitous use that can be qualified as contracts of non-operating (financial) lease. To do this, check the execution of the criteria listed in. It is not necessarily that all criteria are performed. The listed in the signs are even separately the basis for the classification of property as an object of financial lease.
Give the priority to the criteria of financial lease. Even if some signs of the operating lease are performed, but at the same time there are signs of rental financial, include property to financial lease facilities.
Despite the rather complicated formulations of the standard, the essence of the differences in the financial and operating lease is easy to understand. We will analyze the problem on the examples.
Example 1.
The remaining useful life of the facility is 20 years old and for all 20 years old it is leased. Moreover, according to the Treaty, the tenant must pay rent payments in the amount of 4.9 million rubles. And gets the right to redeem the object.
In this case, the lease period is comparable to the remaining use for use - in stock one of the signs of financial lease. In addition, the term of the lease agreement is an important, but not the only criterion for determining the type of lease. Another sign of the financial lease is a comparability of the total amount of rental payments with the fair value of the object (). If the construction structure can be used in approximately 5 million rubles, and according to the lease agreement will have to pay a total of 4.9 million rubles, we can talk about financial leases. In such a situation, the tenant seems to buy an object.
In fact, in our example, all useful properties of the object under the contract will be transferred to the tenant, so this property as an object of financial leases should be reflected by the tenant on account 101 (). But the landlord when delivering property to the financial lease handed all its useful properties. In the future, he will no longer be able to use the beneficial potential of the object, to benefit from its use - the object does not correspond to the concept of "asset" (). Therefore, the landlord must write it off from the balance ().
Example 2.
If, with the remaining useful life of 20 years, the object is transferred for only 3 years, an indication of the operating lease. When operating lease, the landlord continues to take into account the leased OS on account 101 (), and the tenant will have to take into account the right to use in a special account (). To do this, Introduction is scheduled from January 1, 2018 to the accounts plan of the new account 111 "Property Rights".
The tenant reflects rent payments in the income and loss statement as the expenses of the period distributed evenly during the lease term.
Expenses for operating lease in accounting at the tenant are reflected in the following accounting wiring:
Accrual of rental consumption for the reporting period:
Rental costs 1,000
Rental payment:
Accrued liabilities 1 000
Cash 1,000
The lessor, the assets transferred to the operating lease, are reflected in the balance sheet, and it also depresses them. The accrued amount of wear on the deposited assets is recognized as consumption in each reporting period.
Revenues for the operating lease in the registration of the lessor are reflected in the following accounting wiring: accrued rental income for the reporting period:
Rental revenues 1,000
Rental payments are obtained:
Cash 1,000
Accounts 1,000 receivables
Reflection of depreciation flow:
Depreciation costs 500
Accumulated depreciation 500
Land rental, as a rule, is an operating lease, since the use of land is not limited. If rent assumes the purchase or transfer of land ownership, then, in fact, such an operation is to sell in installments and rent must be capitalized. If the market value of the rented property is less than 25% as part of the market value of the leased property, then the operation is considered as rental of equipment. If the share of land value exceeds 25%, then the rental of land is taken into account separately.
Features of accounting of other types of rent
There are the following types of rental:
rent for sales type;
sale of an asset to get it back for rent;
acquisition of assets for the lease agreement;
rent with loan.
In the case of renting in terms of sales, the landlord (producer) reflects the supply of products under the contract long-term rent. As a source of production financing, and profits are reflected separately in two directions:
Production and sale of products;
Investments under the lease agreement during the lease term.
Income from production is taken into account when the lease agreement actually took place, i.e. The amount of receivables on the rental contract is equal to the price of product sales. Income from production should be equal to the discounted cost of minimal rental payments using the appropriate discount rate. However, this rate cannot be applied without the calculation of the sale price. If the selling price is missing or it is impossible to determine, the Landlord has significant freedom of action when determining the value of gross profits from sales and profit from interest. Any accounting procedure is an arbitrary distribution of gross profits from the lease between production and investment.
In the case of the sale of an asset with its receipt back to lease, the subject sells the assets of the other side and rents them back.
Typically, assets are sold at approximately at market value. The firm receives the cost of equipment in cash and the right to economic use of assets during the lease term. In return, she agrees to pay rent and inferior to property ownership.
In the case of a finanted lease, the sale of an asset with the subsequent rent is a way, with which the landlord provides a tenant with finance using asset
as a guarantee. Exceeding revenue from the sale over the book value, while in the case of recognition, it will be delayed and reacted for income during the lease term.
In the case of operating lease, when rental payments and sales price are set at fair value, there is a common sale, and any profit or loss is recognized immediately.
When the cost of implementation is lower than fair value, any profit or loss is recognized immediately, except when the loss is compensated by future rental payments at prices below market. In this case, it is confrontated and refers to profit or loss in proportion to rental payments during the period of time when this asset is used.
If the price of the implementation is higher than fair value, then the excess over the fair value is dereparated and is written off during the period of time when this asset is used.
If the fair value at the time of the transaction is less than the book value, the loss equal to the amount of the difference between the book value and the fair value is recognized immediately.
Unlike bilateral agreements, which are described above, 3 Parties are involved when leaseing using a loan:
tenant,
landlord or share party
creditor.
From the point of view of the tenant, there is no difference between rent using a loan and other types of lease. The landlord also acquires assets in accordance with the terms of the rental agreement and finances this purchase partially due to its own share of investment, say 20% (from here and the name "Share Member"). The remaining 80% is paid by a long-term lender or creditors. As a rule, a loan is ensured by the deposit of assets and the rental agreement and rent. Landlord is a borrower. As the owner of assets, the landlord has the right to hold all payments associated with the asset of this species.
Rental includes a fair rating and percentage ( IAS17).
Rent is used in operating lease forms (Operating Lease) and financial lease / leasing (FINANCIAL LEASE / LEASING). It is regulated by IAS 17. With operating lease, the object is on the balance sheet balance, is amortized and depreciated in accordance with its accounting policy. Therefore, the landlord carries significant risks and benefits. Rental income is not discounted. The lease at the tenant is the current rental costs and expenses are included in accordance with the rental income scheme. Financing the cost of the object repair is determined by the Parties. Operating lease may be short-term and long-term (over a year).
With the financial lease, the tenant (lessee) uses rented objects to produce, sell, receive revenue - but also carry risks associated with a leased object (wear, repair, disadvantage). At the same time, the object is the property of the landlord (lessor), and the tenant only owns them. Of course, he can redeem the object at the end of the lease term, but before that it is obliged to pay the landlord all the rent, i.e. In fact, paying the lease object.
Leasing protects the interests of the landlord, so the lease agreement is unknown for the tenant (only the landlord can change it), the rental fee contains the fair value of the asset and the percentage (credit financial instrument), the period of lease is long (exceeds half useful period Object service), Impairment is recognized by the tenant. If there are no listed features, then rental in the reporting is recognized as an operating room regardless of its term. In general, the classification of the lease depends on the true economic content of the transaction, and not only on its legal form. Rent is not applied by natural resources and for a number of goods (movies, video recordings, plays, manuscripts, copyrights). For these objects, rental rights in the form of concessions and royalties are applied. Rent of the Earth is considered an operating room, but if it is associated with redemption, then - financial.
Why is leasing in business, despite the cash outflow, as a result, overlapping (2-3 times), the cost of one-time purchase of an object? The fact is that the leased object is the equipment of a highly specialized destination, which is absent on the free market. His tenant orders him to gain benefits from the release and sale of new products and take a new market niche. In addition, the leasing is acquired so expensive object that it is more profitable to take a bank loan under interest for its purchase, but gradually pay with the landlord.
Before the beginning of leasing, the tenant manager answers the question of ownership of the object after the end of the lease: either it is returned to the landlord, or redeems the tenant. In the queue for redemption, the tenant will be the first, but to buy out at a market price taking into account the wear of the object. This side of the lease agreement should be solved in advance, since the object is amortized as its own. Uncertainty can consist in depreciation. With the uncertainty of the tenant in the right to redecessing the object by the start of depreciation, is an earlier date: the conclusions of the contract / the start of useful use of the asset. The rent contains the cost of the object and the rental percentage:
Rent \u003d Minimum Rental Payments (Minimum Lease Payments, MLP) + Lease Percentage (Lease Interest)
MLP means the nominal value that is calculated at the rate of internal profitability / internal interest rate / efficient rate (Internal Interest Rate, IRR; INTERNAL RETURN RATE, IRR; Effective Rate) from the entire rent; If such a bet is unknown, the bid is applied to borrowed capital. The lease percentage is charged on the MLP according to the bank loan scheme - to the debt residue, which means the depreciable value. Therefore, leasing is a financial instrument. The calculation scheme of the amortized lease value is recognized in IAS 17 most correctly, which does not exclude the use of other schemes similar to the depreciation methods of fixed assets - by the amount of years, linear. The initial leaseholder costs are recognized by current landlords, but are included in the carrying value at the tenant (according to the operating lease, on the contrary - to the balance value of the Lessor and I in current expenditures at the tenant).
If the rented asset is not transmitted to the tenant's balance, and remains on the balance sheet, the depreciation is not charged, the rent is reflected instead. This scheme may be advantageous for the landlord if it fears the risk of asset loss (possible bankruptcy of the tenant, the instability of the region's economy). But this approach means the retreat from IAS 17. He will be assumed solely for a reliable presentation of the company's activities in its reporting, and in accounting policies, the retreat is disclosed with the calculation of financial effects (IAS 1).
In general, the actuarial approach is called the gross investment method, and the transfer of income from the deferred to the current lease for each reporting period is the method of net investment for rent.
There is also reverse lease at which the asset is first for sale, and then takes back, but for rent (operational / leasing). This scheme has a number of benefits for a tenant: getting a monetary payment entirely, recognition of revenues and profits from the sale of an asset. Rent costs will reduce profits, but the benefits from the return rent may be greater. It is not forbidden by IAS 17, but is regulated in such a way that the excess of revenue over the book value of the object is recognized as deferred income of the tenant and is not included in the profit not immediately, but during the return rental period. When selling below the fair value, the loss is recognized immediately.
Leasing is a complex financial process. The tenant will eventually pay for the asset more than if he bought it, the lessor fears the risks of the loss of the asset. Therefore, the tenant manager calculates whether the asset will buy at the expense of a loan, and the lessor manager thinks out the leasing scheme, income and possible risks. The change in the lease form is considered to be a change in accounting policies, which means retrospective recalculation of reporting.
The explanations reveal substantial lease agreements, including leasing: a tenant - objects in leasing at the book value and MLP, rental costs and the method of their recognition, lease obligations indicating the amounts and deadlines of the accrual (up to a year, from 1 year to 5 years, over 5 years), depreciation costs; Landlord is a rental income and a recognition method, including the upcoming and affected by the amount of accrual (up to a year, from 1 to 5 years, more than 5 years). According to the operating lease, the cost of rented assets, accrued on them depreciated by the Landlord, MLP in periods (up to the year, from 1 to 5 years, more than 5 years). Subarenda is also disclosed on payments and periods.
