In the vastness of the large Soviet country, MAZ-5551 participated in almost every construction and other spheres of the national economy.
The USSR no longer exists, and this dump truck continues to be produced and modernized in already independent states.
The model is assembled at the MAZ automobile plant in Minsk.
What makes this truck so popular and in demand for such a long time, despite the abundance of foreign analogues and competitors?
The history of development
The Belarusian "hard worker", as he is called, began his life in the war years after the liberation of Minsk.
The Bialowieza bison became the emblem of the brand. With the development of production, MAZ-500 was created - the main progenitor of the modern MAZ-5551. It happened in the late 60s.
The dump truck was developed by Minsk designers. It was aggregated with the YaMZ-236 engine, which was already four-stroke.
After a series of modifications and improvements, in 1985 one of the versions, the MAZ-5551 dump truck, entered serial production. It is the most common in Russia.
An important advantage of the "Belarus" is its agility and maneuverability due to the small wheelbase of the truck and the two-axle configuration.
Therefore, in urban environments, it fits perfectly even into small construction sites and turns.
Description of the base model dump truck and its modification 020
The only difference of modification 020 is the increased volume of the loading part due to the change in the initial height of the sides. The rest of the characteristics are identical.
Engine
The heart of this truck is the V-6 diesel engine.
The YaMZ-236M2 (Yaroslavl) copes with its duties excellently, working out the loads without tears and complaints.
Torque of 667 Nm and 180 hp. from. more than enough to get a loaded dump truck out of difficult situations.
In the latest versions, the plant installs YaMZ-6563.10, YaMZ-6581.10 (shown in the photo on the left) or Deutz BF4M1013FC.
According to the technical specifications, the power of these units is higher than that of the older model. In addition, MAZ keeps up with the times, and latest motors meet the Euro 3 standard, which significantly expands the possibilities of their application.
Transmission and drive
A 5-speed manual gearbox is installed on the MAZ-5551 dump truck. Her specifications not perfect.
Under heavy loads, first gear is too short and it is very difficult to move the truck on unstable ground.
But on a flat road, the engine and gearbox match perfectly and move the loaded dump truck with ease. The maximum speed is 90 km / h. The rear axle is the driving axle, corresponding to the 4x2 drive type.
However, a major improvement in gear shifting has been the redesign of the shift mechanism from the lever to the box. This made it possible to significantly shorten the lever itself.
All innovations have made life easier for the driver, because earlier, to "catch" the right gear, the scrap-like lever had to be “pulled” throughout the cab, but now this process has become easy and enjoyable.
Lifting capacity
The reliable power steering does its job well. Thanks to the stabilizer lateral stability the car feels confident when cornering, especially when fully loaded.
Another advantage is the pneumatic brakes. They are very reliable and time-tested; such an important safety element is made by the manufacturer at a height.
| Specifications | MAZ-5551 | MAZ-5551-020 |
| Freight indicators | ||
| Carrying capacity, kg | 10 000 | 10 000 |
| Loading platform length, mm | 3 860 | |
| Loading platform width, mm | 2 265 | |
| Board height, mm | 630 | |
| Truck curb weight, kg | 7 470 | 7 820 |
| Full weight, kg | 17 620 | 17 820 |
| Maximum load of the front axle, kg | 6 120 | 6 320 |
| Maximum load on the rear axle, kg | 11 500 | 11 500 |
| Wheel diameter | R20 | R20 |
| Performance indicators | ||
| Body type | Dump truck | Dump truck |
| Seats in the cockpit | 3 | 3 |
| Tank volume, l | 200 | 200 |
| Turning radius, m | 4,3 | 4,3 |
| Truck length, mm | 5 990 | 5 990 |
| Truck width, mm | 2 500 | 2 500 |
| Truck height, mm | 2 925 | 2 925 |
| Wheelbase, mm | 3 300 | 3 300 |
| Clearance, mm | 270 | 270 |
| Suspension | ||
| Front | Leaf springs | Leaf springs |
| Back | Leaf springs | Leaf springs |
| Brakes | ||
| Front | Drum | Drum |
| Rear | Drum | Drum |
Convenience and comfort
What did the designers do for the ergonomics and convenience of the driver and passengers in MAZ-5551?
Unlike previous version nevertheless, some pleasant changes were made to the design and arrangement of controls, the driver's seat and the dashboard, which, of course, added comfort and ease of use.
The cockpit is spacious and comfortable. Without a berth, the driver and two passengers are easily accommodated here.
The cab is easy to climb with correctly positioned handrails and steps. The ergonomics of the arrangement of the elements of the cabin can hardly be boasted.
The steering wheel is adjustable both in departure height and in tilt angle. The seat moves on a sled. Still, it is difficult for the driver to find a comfortable position for himself.
This leads to quick fatigue and negatively affects the concentration and quality of his work.
The steering wheel is too big, and in order to turn it, a bare driver needs to constantly move his body forward towards it, which can hardly be called convenience.
However, thanks to the large side mirrors and the driver's position, the visibility remains high.
The instrument panel is quite informative, but due to the weak brightness of the light indication of some indicators, individual elements are poorly visible during the day.
But nevertheless, the Belarusian creators tried to transform the cockpit in many ways and inner space... And they did it.
The location of the safety box was successful - behind the dashboard near the passenger seat, access to it is not difficult.
Another indicator of comfort is good and efficient heating, which copes with its function even in severe frosts.
The lighting and ventilation of the cab are made at a high level.
There is a special compartment between the driver and passenger, in which you can put, for example, documents, a bottle of water and other small things.
There is also a cigarette holder here, but for some reason the developers of this car did not foresee either a cigarette lighter or an ashtray.
The sprung driver's seat compensates for the lack of a cab damping system that is directly attached to the frame. But the passenger seat is rigidly attached to the floor and devoid of any adjustments.
It is inconvenient to open the doors from the inside due to the low position of the opening lever.
To overturn the cab, the designers of MAZ took into account the shortcomings of the spring mechanism, which could create a danger due to spontaneous snap-off and tilting, and equipped it with a hydraulic drive.
It is thanks to this system that the danger inherent in the spring lock is cut off. For the domestic market trucks all hydraulic drives are interchangeable.
MAZ can also be called domestic, since it was originally made in one big country - USSR. The fixing system is very simple - a steel cable is attached to the frame and some point on the bottom of the cab.
Although not aesthetically pleasing, it is cheap, reliable and practical. The hydraulic lift control is located under the radiator grille.
This arrangement is due to the fact that the driver remembers that it is impossible to raise the cab without an open radiator grill.
The quality of the body metal and the elements themselves are not as reliable as we would like, but this does not prevent the use of the car as a tractor.
The handbrake on the MAZ-5551 is of a modern design with spring-type power accumulators, has good technical characteristics.
A significant miscalculation of the system, according to experts, is the lack of bolts in the chambers, with which you can forcibly release the pads.
Varieties
There are often different versions of MAZ-5551, such as the 020 with an increased load.
MAZ-5551-020R is equipped with an even larger loading surface and volume.
MAZ-555102 has three configurations - 220, 223, 225. The series is equipped with 230 hp engines. from.
Model 225 is equipped with a dump truck with three-way unloading and the possibility of articulation in a road train. Carrying capacity 9,500 kg, 220th and 223rd versions - 10,200 and 10,100 kg, respectively.
The most modern and technologically advanced engines are equipped with MAZ-5551W3-425-000 (E-4) and MAZ-5551R7-425-000 (E-4), which meet environmental standards Euro 4 and have a capacity of 245 and 250 liters. from. respectively.
Optionally equipped with air conditioning, engine heater, interior heater, extension boards, awning, electropneumatic hydraulic outlets for the trailer, rear bumpers and side rails.
What are the advantages
In conclusion of the review of the MAZ-5551 car, one can note the persistence and desire of the Belarusians to keep up with the times and thereby stay afloat in the competition with imported brands.
During the crisis in the post-Soviet era, many auto enterprises closed and ceased to exist, but MAZ withstood and developed production to world standards, now competing with the rest.
Of course, listing the main miscalculations and shortcomings of MAZ-5551, we must not forget that its price is many times lower than imported ones, which are full of various technological equipment and capabilities.
Important! For example, model MAZ-5551 A2-325 of 2013 can be purchased for 760,000 rubles.
Millions of drivers in the CIS countries perceive MAZ as a very loyal friend who, in the heat and in the cold, will bring them home, despite their, perhaps, insufficient comfort and convenience. He is rightfully awarded the popular nickname "workaholic".
The MAZ-5551 truck has been produced by the Minsk Automobile Plant for three decades, since 1985. Despite the far from innovative design (its immediate ancestor, MAZ-503, first hit the roads back in 1958) -5551 remains one of the most popular eight-tonne cars in the Russian open spaces. Read about Kamaz 500 series in
Description and scope
Unlike long-range counterparts, for example, ZIL-4520, more compact and maneuverable MAZ-5551 easily moves in urban environments. Most often, he can be found working at an urban construction site. The main purpose of this truck is the transportation of bulk materials, moreover, on a short arm, which is determined by its 4x2 drive.
Watch the video:
Others mAZ-5551 applications:
- agriculture
- industry
- urban economy and road construction
Body characteristics
In the standard modification MAZ-5551 is equipped with a one-piece body with rear unloading. Tailgate folding and body tipping are remotely controlled and automatic.
There are two seats in the cockpitAs you can see in the photo, there is a space for storing things and documents between the passenger and driver's seats. The driver's seat is equipped with springs and moves back and forth, but the steering column can be adjusted in two directions.
On this, and even electrically heated side mirrors, the comfort in the standard cab ends, there is not even shock absorption in the places of its attachment.
To access the power units, the cab tilts forward with hydraulic drive... The cab can only be lifted when the radiator grille is open, and the device for driving the mechanism is located behind the grille itself. Lowered fixation is carried out using a conventional steel cable.
The bottom of the truck is heated by supplying exhaust gases... This design makes it much easier to use the dump truck in the cold season. For extreme conditions and temperatures down to -60 ° C, the MAZ-5551 01 HL model has been developed.
Transmission of the basic version - 5-speed mechanical box YaMZ-236P, on later models with a carrying capacity of up to 10 tons, YaMZ-2361 was installed. Now on new cars there are boxes of Western production.
Stands behind anti-roll bar, which significantly reduces the roll of the truck when cornering. Front and rear brakes - pneumatically controlled drum.
Often, when going through a technical inspection, the question arises where the chassis number is located. The number on the MAZ-5551 frame is in the traditional soviet trucks place - on the right rear, on the front of the frame (usually in the area of \u200b\u200bthe rear axle or with a slight offset).
MAZ 5551 engine and fuel consumption
The MAZ-5551 engine is a diesel V6 (like that). Up to recent years all MAZ-5551 dump trucks were equipped with a 180-horsepower YaMZ-236M2 of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. In new versions, it was replaced by YaMZ-6563.10 s ecological class Euro-3, and on some models - for Cummins engines with Euro-4 class and turbocharging.
Despite the appearance of complete sets with imported engine, on the driver's forums, units from YaMZ are still advised for their reliability and ease of maintenance.
MAZ-5551 features low consumption fuel per 100 km for its class. Consumption is about 23 liters at a speed of 60 km / h and a load of about 85% of maximum. For comparison, the model has a fuel consumption of 30-35l / 100km.
Specifications
Overall dimensions, mm
- length - 5990 (with the cab tilted - 7850)
- width - 2500 mm (in models with unloading on 3 sides - 3450 with a completely overturned body)
- height - 2925 mm
- with the body folded back - 4850
- when unloading sideways - 3850
- ground clearance - 270 (minimum, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe front axle)
Device motor parameters
- Volume - 11150 cm³ (YMZ-236)
- Power - 180 HP
- Torque - 667 Nm
- Maximum speed - 83 km / h (some models may have up to 90 km / h)
Weight MAZ-5551 in standard modification, kg
- equipped - 7580, incl.
- on the front axle - 4130
- on the rear axle - 3450
- full - 16 230, incl.
- on the front axle - 5980
- on the rear axle - 10 250
Loading capacity and body capacity MAZ-5551
- lifting capacity - 8500 kg
- body volume - 5.4 m³, while
Body dimensions and dimensions
Dimensions MAZ-5551 with such a volume, the platforms are 3800 x 2269 x 630 mm.
For comparison, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with.
Depending on the modification, the carrying capacity can be up to 10.2 tons (comparable to the carrying capacity), the volume of the MAZ-5551 body - up to 12.5 m³ (15.5 with the sides raised).
Wheels and tires of the tractor
- wheel arrangement - 4x2, maximum angle of inclination of the roadway - 25 degrees
- turning radius - 7.9 m (overall - 8.6 m)
Tires - 12.00 R20, installation of 12.0-20 or 11.00 R20 is also allowed
The pressure in the MAZ-5551 tires will depend on the model of the tires themselves and the truck. For example, for a dump truck with a carrying capacity of 10t and tires 12.00 R20 - 7.1 on the front and 6.9 kgf / cm2 on the rear axle.
Load platform drive
The body lifting device MAZ-5551 is located under the platform. The tipping mechanism, like most modern dump trucks, is hydraulic with pneumatic control.
Telescopic hydraulic cylinder with variable displacement consists of three successively extending links - this design allows you to develop sufficient working forces with a small weight and dimensions when folded. Its main disadvantage is its considerable complexity, as well as the risk of clogging of the tight-fitting links.
To increase the safety of unloading, a safety device is provided in the control valve of the hydraulic cylinder. It does not allow full lifting of the platform when overloading more than 1.5 tons.
Tailgate trunnions controlled by a pneumatic cylinder that is triggered when the device handle is brought to the "Lift" position.
Clutch adjustment
The MAZ-5551 is equipped with a traditional for powerful trucks double disc friction clutch... Elements of this unit are subject to wear due to significant overload during operation and require periodic maintenance.
Clutch adjustment MAZ-5551required, for example, in the following cases:
- clutch slip at high rpm
- crackle when changing gear
- the clutch is not fully disengaged
There are three main stages:
1. Setting the gap1 mm between the adjusting screws and the middle drive disc is made as follows:
- remove the hatch covers to expose the clutch and flywheel,
- with the clutch engaged, move the gearshift lever to neutral,
- unscrew the locknuts and screw all the adjusting screws into the middle drive disc up to the stop, for this you need to turn the flywheel,
- loosen the screws 1 turn and tighten the locknuts slightly.
This adjustment ensures the required distances between the discs and the friction surface of the flywheel.
2. Providing a gap of 3.3 ... 3.7 mm between the nut and the rear valve cover. For adjustment, you need to loosen the lock nut and set the clearance to the desired value by tightening the adjusting nut.
3. Adjust the pedal free play. The standard value is 34-43 mm (measured with a ruler with an empty pneumatic system).
User's manual
Dashboard and controls
The truck is started by turning the key in the lock located on the bottom of the steering column.
Under the left hand is a switch for turns and headlights for low / high beam... Direction indicators are switched horizontally. Permanent or short-term activation is possible. The headlights are controlled in the vertical plane. When you press the handle from the end, a sound signal is turned on.
To the right of the steering column is the wiper and washer switch.
Speedometer, tachometer and combined instrumentp showing fuel level, coolant temperature, oil pressure and voltage are at dashboard in front of the driver.
There are also control lamps and switches for lighting devices, as well as a button for disabling the cross-axle differential and control aBS lamps (when equipping the truck with this stabilization system).
There are warning lamps on the dashboard nearby:
- coolant temperature (lights up at a temperature of 105 ± 5 ° C),
- emergency oil pressure,
- fuel level (lights up when full fuel tank by 16-20% and below),
- air pressure in the brake system,
- oil filter contamination and others.
To warm up the engine or inflate the tires, press the fuel pedal, lock with a latch and release. The engine should be warmed up at minimum speed with a gradual increase to medium. You can start driving only when the coolant is heated to at least 40 ° C.
Never use a constant fuel supply while driving!
Parking brake activated by moving the lever to the rear position. When returning to the forward position, it turns off. An additional brake is activated in intermediate positions.
The YaMZ-236P gearbox is a five-speed gearbox with synchronizers in 2-3 and 4-5 gears. Gear shifting occurs as follows:
To raise the platform, turn the control valve to the “lift” position. Other positions: stop, descent and transport.
When starting off on a slippery surface, passing difficult sections of the road should include differential lock... This should be done with the vehicle at a standstill or at a speed of up to 10 km / h.
Entering a corner with a locked differential is dangerous... This reduces controllability and leads to increased drive train wear! When the differential is locked, the corresponding icon on the dashboard lights up orange.
Security
Working with a dump truck is associated with the risk of injury and accidents. To reduce these risks and the likelihood of damage, a number of safety rules must be followed. Here is some of them.
- It is forbidden to stand in front of the cab when lifting and lowering, as well as movement without fixing the cab with a cable and with an open tilt mechanism.
- Do not adjust the driver's seat while driving.
- It is forbidden to drive with the raised platform and lower the loaded platform.
Detailed instructions for safe work and contains the instruction manual MAZ-5551... In the same place, in addition to a detailed description of the design and components of the dump truck, you can find maintenance requirements and basic recommendations for troubleshooting.
Due to the popularity of this car, there are also many repair manuals on sale, and buying spare parts will not cause any difficulty.
Modifications and prices
MAZ-5551 is available in a variety of configurations, differing from each other in carrying capacity, unloading capabilities, platform volume. This allows you to choose a car for any household or industrial needs. Popular models include:
- MAZ-5551-020 - an old modification with a 180 hp engine, but with a lifting capacity increased to 10 tons.
- MAZ-5551 A2-320 – new model with a higher lifting capacity, similar to the standard version, it has only rear unloading. Engine - 230 HP from YaMZ.
- MAZ 5551 A3-4327- a model for the transportation of bulk materials or agricultural products with a large welded body (volume 12.5 m³) and unloading on three sides. The body has folding sides, which makes it possible to load from both sides. MAZ 5551 "agricultural worker" has a carrying capacity of 9.2 tons
- MAZ-5551 A2-325 - a dump truck for transporting goods as part of a road train, can work with a trailer. Similarly MAZ-5551 A3-4327 has the ability to unload three-way, but with a body of 5.5 m³. It can carry up to 9.7 tons of cargo.
- A tractor unit is also produced MAZ-5551 A2-340 with a semi-automatic coupling device with two degrees of freedom. Designed for completing with special equipment and work in public utilities, as a tow truck, etc.
Price range for used 230hp cars is from 400 to 900 thousand rubles, depending on the condition and year of manufacture. For less money, from 150 to 300 thousand, you can buy a car with a 180-horsepower engine, usually such cars require more or less extensive repairs before starting to operate MAZ-5551.
Price for a new dump truck modern modifications - about 1 million 300 thousand rubles. This is slightly less than the price of
For many years MAZ-5551 has deservedly remained in demand on the territory of the former USSR. Its first models were inferior in functionality, however, since the late 90s, new modifications have become safer and more reliable.
This immediately resonated with the market. Among the advantages of MAZ-5551:
- adaptability to any climatic conditions and road conditions
- maneuverability and controllability, ease of turning, which is especially important in the city
- low fuel consumption of MAZ-5551 makes the dump truck profitable in operation
- quick payback even at a relatively high price
All this makes the MAZ-5551 dump truck, the technical characteristics and price of which meet the needs of most enterprises, an excellent choice for work. well and popular love for MAZ-5551 it is also expressed in the 1:43 models, which can be used to track changes in the appearance and development of modifications of the dump truck.
On our website you will find a description of another dump truck -
A flatbed truck-tractor, produced by the Minsk Automobile Plant since 1987. The body is a metal platform with opening side and rear walls. The side board consists of two parts. The flooring is wooden. The cabin is a two-seater one, tilted forward by means of a hydraulic cylinder with a hand pump. The driver's seat is sprung, adjustable in length, height, cushion and backrest tilt.
MAZ-8926 main trailer.
Chassis also available MAZ-5337 with a lifting capacity of 9850 kg, designed for the installation of various bodies and equipment and MAZ-533701 (version "HL") for a cold climate (up to minus 60 ° C). In addition, the MAZ-5334 chassis with a carrying capacity of 9150 kg is being produced (based on the units of the MAZ-5335 vehicle, discontinued).
Engine
Mod.YAMZ-236M2, diesel, V-obr. (90 °), 6-cyl., 1 30x 1 40 mm. 11.15 liters, compression ratio 16.5, operating procedure 1-4-2-5-3-6, power 132 kW (1 80 HP) at 2 100 rpm, torque 667 Nm (68 kgf-m) at 1250-1450 rpm. The nozzles are of a closed type. High pressure fuel pump - 6-section, spool type with a fuel pump low pressure, a fuel injection advance clutch and an all-mode speed controller. Air filter - dry, with a replaceable filter element and a clogging indicator. The engine is equipped with an electric torch device (EFU) and (on request) pre-heater PZD-30.Transmission
The clutch is double-disc, with a pneumatic booster. Gearbox - YaMZ-236P, 5-speed, with synchronizers in II, III, IV and V gears, transfer, numbers: I-5.2 $; II 2.90; III-1.52; IV-1.00; V 0.66; ZX-5.48. Cardan transmission consists of two successive shafts with an intermediate bearing. main gear - spaced two-stage: central ionic gearbox and planetary final drive (in the wheel hubs). Transfer, numbers: central gear - 2.08 or 2.27; onboard - 3.428; total - 7.14 or 7.70.Wheels and tires
Wheels - diskless, rim 8.5В-20, fastening - 6 bolts with clamps. Tires - 11.00R20 (300R508) mod, I-111A, I-111AM or I-68A. Front tire pressure - 7.5; rear - 6.7 kgf / cm. sq. The number of wheels is 6 + 1.Suspension
Front - on two semi-elliptical springs with rear sliding ends, two shock absorbers; the rear - on two main and two additional semi-elliptic springs, the ends of the additional springs and the rear ends of the main springs are sliding.Brakes
The service brake system is equipped with drum mechanisms (diameter 420 mm, lining width 160 mm, cam release), double-circuit pneumatic drive. The rear brake chambers are spring-loaded. Parking brake - on brakes rear wheels from spring power accumulators, the drive is pneumatic. The spare brake is combined with the parking brake. Auxiliary brake - motor retarder with pneumatic drive. Trailer brake drive - combined (two- and one-wire). Alcohol freeze protection is provided.Steering
The steering gear is a screw and a ball nut-rack that meshes with the gear sector. Transfer. number - 23.55. The power steering consists of a distributor built into the steering gear and a separate power cylinder. The oil pressure in the hydraulic booster is 95-110 kgf / cm. sq.Electrical equipment
Voltage 24V, ac. battery - 6ST-190A or 6ST-182EM (2 pcs.), generator set G-273V with built-in voltage regulator Y120M, starter ST103-A-01. Fuel tank - 200 l, diesel, fuel;cooling system (without heater) - 29 l, antifreeze A-40;
engine lubrication system - 25L, all-season M-6 / 10V, M-10B in summer, M-8V in winter;
power steering - 5L, oil of grade P;
gearbox - 5.5 l, at temperatures up to minus 30 ° С - TSp-15K, at temperatures up to minus 45 ° С mixture TSp-15K with 10-15% diesel fuel A or 3;
drive axle housing - 13L, gearbox oil;
wheel drive housing - 2x2.0 l, gearbox oil;
shock absorbers - 2x0.9 l, liquid АЖ-12Т;
fuse against freezing of condensate - 0.2l, ethyl alcohol;
washer reservoir windscreen - 2.0 NIISS-4 liquid mixed with water.
Unit weight
Engine without clutch and gearbox - 890,engine with clutch and gearbox - 1205,
rear axle - 693,
front axle - 443,
frame - 635,
cabins - 528,
body - 880,
cardan shafts - 78.
SPECIFICATIONS
| Lifting capacity | 8700 kg. |
|---|---|
| Curb weight | 7150 kg. |
| Including: | |
| on the front axle | 4090 kg. |
| on the rear axle | 3060 kg. |
| Full mass | 16000 kg. |
| Including: | |
| on the front axle | 6000 kg. |
| on the rear axle | 10000 kg. |
| Permissible trailer weight | 12000 kg. |
| Permissible total mass of the road train | 28000 kg. |
| Maximum speed | 85 km / h. |
| Acceleration time to 60 km / h | 50 s. |
| Max climb climb | 25 %. |
| Run-out from 50 km / h | 850 m. |
| Braking distance from 60 km / h | 36.7 m. |
| Control fuel consumption, l / 100 km, car at 60 km / h | 21.5 l. |
| Turning radius: | |
| on the outer wheel | 9.1 m. |
| overall | 9.8 m. |
Minsk car factory is one of the leading mechanical engineering enterprises in the entire post-Soviet space. The enterprise has a 70-year history of heavy equipment production. Initially, Belarusian trucks were distinguished by high reliability, ease of operation and ease of maintenance and repair. A high degree of unification of spare parts and assemblies allows organizing service maintenance on modern technical level... Today MAZ is a brand that has earned recognition not only at home, but also in the near and far abroad. The range of products includes onboard cars, truck tractors, chassis for the installation of equipment for various purposes, buses, trolleybuses and trailed equipment. At the moment, more than four hundred models and modifications of equipment are produced under the MAZ brand. Thanks to cooperation with leading manufacturers automotive engineering in the world, the plant's products are in demand and competitive in world markets. The enterprise has established cooperation with german companies MAN and BOSCH, American Cummins, international concern ZF, Russian YaMZ and many other firms and organizations. This makes it possible not only to develop modern and advanced models of machines, but also to modernize modifications and models that have been put into production. One of the longest-livers of the plant's production line is a dump truck that received the MAZ-5551 industry index. The first samples of the car were released back in 1985. Having undergone minor changes, the car is being produced to this day, and is in deserved demand in the truck market.
Navigating the article
Appointment
MAZ-5551 is a maneuverable dump truck designed for the transportation of various bulk cargo. Most often, the machine is used to transport building materials during the construction of buildings and structures. The machine has proven itself perfectly on intraregional routes when transporting crops and other bulk agricultural goods as part of road trains. Often a ten-tonne is used by city utilities in the arrangement of urban areas. Thanks to the heating of the body at any time of the year, the car can be used for transporting asphalt during road construction and repair. The versatility and versatility of the truck also determines its use in various industries.
Modifications
The MAZ-5551 dump truck has become a logical continuation of the previously produced model. Its design was largely developed on the basis of MAZ-5337, which has been produced by the plant for ten years. The MAZ-5551 chassis is also used for the installation of hydraulic lifts and cranes, tank trucks and other specialized equipment. For thirty years of production, many modifications have been released, differing from each other in power plants, transmission elements, carrying capacity and equipment of the cabs and the level of comfort. There are several main modifications:
- MAZ-5551-020 - a model of the first years of production with a carrying capacity of up to 10 tons, equipped with an atmospheric, 180-horsepower YaMZ engine;
- MAZ-5551 A2-320 - a vehicle of increased carrying capacity with a turbocharged power plant YaMZ with a capacity of 230 hp;
- MAZ-5551 A3-4327 is a model equipped with a body with cargo unloading on three sides with a volume of 12.5 m3. Used to transport agricultural goods. Carrying capacity - 9.2 tons;
- MAZ-5551 A2-325 is a dump truck with a body volume of 5.5 m3 and the possibility of three-way unloading. Designed for use as part of a road train;
- MAZ-5550 is a modern modification with a carrying capacity of up to 12 tons. Equipped with a 273 hp YaMZ turbocharged engine. and 9 stepped box gears ZF. The vehicle has a left-hand exhaust gas outlet and is not equipped with platform heating.
- MAZ-5551-01HL - modification for operation at low temperatures down to -60 *.
Some dump truck models are also equipped with reliable German power plants Deutz BF4M1013FS aggregated with 9-speed mechanical gearboxes ZF.
Specifications
MAZ-5551 is a two-axle dump truck with a 2x4 wheel arrangement and double tires on the rear wheels. The body is all-metal, with automatic opening and closing of the tailgate. Unloading of a dump truck in the basic configuration is rear. The engine is located longitudinally under the cabover cab. All power elements are fixed on a metal frame.
Weights and load distribution
- Carrying capacity - 8500 kg;
- Curb weight - 7580 kg;
- Load distribution - front axle 4130 kg, rear axle 3450 kg;
- Gross vehicle weight - 16230 kg;
- Load distribution at full weight - front axle 5980 kg, rear axle 10250 kg;
Dynamic characteristics
- The maximum travel speed declared by the manufacturer is 85 km / h;
- Dump truck acceleration time to 60 km / h - 50 sec;
- Car run-out from 50 km / h - 850 m;
- The maximum angle of the overcome rise is 25 degrees;
- Turning radius - 7.9 m on the outer wheel, overall 8.6 m;
- The operating time of the body at an engine speed of 1900 rpm - lifting a loaded one 15 seconds, lowering an empty one 10 seconds;
- Body lift angle - 50 *.
Linear and volumetric parameters
- Length - 5990 mm;
- Width - 2500 mm;
- Height - 2925 mm;
- Height with body fully raised - rear dump 4850 mm, side dump 3850 mm;
- Wheelbase - 3950 mm;
- Loading platform - 3860x2265x630 mm;
- Ground clearance -270 mm;
- Body volume - 5.3 m3 in the basic version, up to 12.5 m3 in various modifications;
Chassis
The front suspension is made on two semi-elliptical springs with double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers. Rear suspension on two main and two additional springs with anti-roll bar. Brake mechanisms - drum. Main drive brake system - pneumatic, separately for front and rear wheels. The parking brake is applied to the rear wheels with a pneumatic drive from spring accumulators. The vehicle is fitted with tires of size 12.00R20 mod. ID-304.
Power transmission
In the basic configuration, the vehicle is equipped with a mechanical five-speed gearbox transmissions YaMZ-236P. Synchronizers are installed in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th gears. The transmission of torque from the engine to the transmission elements is carried out by a two-disc friction clutch... Clutch drive - hydraulic with pneumatic booster. The rear axle is a double gear consisting of a central gear and wheel gears. The gear ratio of the driving axle is 7.79. Cardan transmission of open type with hinges on needle bearings
Electrical equipment
Single wire electrical circuit wiring provides on-board consumers with electricity 24 V. direct current two rechargeable batteries type 6-ST-182 or 6-ST-190 and generator alternating current with built-in voltage regulator.
Features and operation
MAZ-5551 is the brainchild of the Soviet automobile industry, and the principle of minimalism can be traced in the cabin decoration. Unlike its predecessor, the dump truck received a more advanced hydraulic (manual drive) cab tipping system, a panoramic front window and enlarged rear mirrors. The main complaints of the drivers were limited to insufficiently informative light indication of devices in the daytime and not very comfortable sitting. Starting off in first gear with a loaded car was also complicated. True, this applied only to models with a YaMZ-236P gearbox and insufficiently powerful 180-horsepower engines. In 1998, the cabin was restyled, and the improvement of the machine continues to this day. For the car, it is optionally offered to install a traction control system (PBS), a berth, an air conditioner and an independent air heater.
On modern modifications of MAZ-5551, YaMZ-53623.10 motors are installed, which ensure the car meets the environmental standards of EURO-5. Some of the cars are produced with German Deutz engines and ZF gearboxes, but such dump trucks are somewhat more expensive.
Video
Engine
Most often, on modern lubricants, four-stroke are installed power plants Yaroslavl production YMZ-6563.10-03.
Main settings
- Type - with compression ignition and direct injection fuel;
- Working volume - 11.15 liters;
- Number and arrangement of cylinders - 6, V-shaped;
- Compression ratio - 17.5;
- Power - 230 HP (169 kW);
- Maximum torque at speed crankshaft 1100-1300 rpm - 90 Nm;
- Minimum specific consumption fuel - 200 g / kWh;
- Turbocharging system - with intercooling of charge air. Air-to-air heat exchanger.
The engines are equipped with a Yazda fuel supply system with a Kompakt-40 high-pressure fuel pump. The engine meets the EURO-3 environmental standards.
Price
To date, the MAZ-5551W3-400-000 chassis with a 245-horsepower Commins 6ISBe4 engine meeting the EURO-4 standards and a nine-speed Eaton gearbox costs about 2 million 550 thousand rubles. As for used cars, a dump truck with a mileage of 300 thousand km and a service life of about 10 years can be bought for 500 thousand rubles. Ultimately, the value of a used car is determined by its technical condition and equipment.
The MAZ-5551 dump truck, the production of which started more than a quarter of a century ago, in 1985, cannot be called a new car. However, even today this dump truck remains one of the most massive models of trucks found in Russia.
It is difficult to find at least one construction site in the country, wherever these agile dump trucks operate. The popularity of the Minsk resident is also promoted by the fact that he has practically no competitors among domestic cars. In the same segment on the market there are also ZIL-4520, but these are dump trucks with a wheel arrangement of 6x4, more suitable for transporting cargo over long distances, but MAZ-5551 is optimal for working on a "short shoulder", which allows it to be used on urban construction sites.
Interior, exterior and ergonomics
Let's consider in more detail what the Minsk "long-liver" is. In the version without a berth, the MAZ cab is much more spacious than the KamAZ. The convenient location of steps and handrails makes it easy to get into the cab. But the ergonomics of the cab leaves much to be desired.
Though steering column adjustable in two planes, and the seat cushion moves on a sled, it is not possible to achieve a comfortable position for the driver. Visibility does not suffer, but discomfort leads to increased driver fatigue, especially on long-distance routes. The oversized steering wheel does not add to the comfort, for turning which the driver of small stature has to constantly lean forward.
The dashboard of the truck, in general, is comfortable and informative enough. However, here it was not without a "fly in the ointment". We are talking about insufficient brightness of the light indication, poorly viewed in the daytime.
However, good decisions outweigh the mistakes made in the design of the cab. So, the layout of the fuse and relay box is very convenient. It is located behind dashboard from the side of the passenger seat under an easy-to-open hatch. Comfort in the cab is also ensured by a roof ventilation hatch, interior lighting in the cab and efficient system heating.
In the cabin, unlike KamAZ, there is only one passenger seat. Between the driver's and passenger's seats there is a convenient shelf for storing documents, bottles and other trifles. There is also a cigarette holder, but for some reason the developers did not foresee an ashtray and a cigarette lighter. Large rear-view mirrors provide the driver with excellent visibility and contribute to the safer handling of the truck.
The driver's seat was installed on air suspension
The adjustable driver's seat is equipped with a suspension system. Nevertheless, the cab of the Minsk truck cannot be called truly comfortable, since the fastenings of the cab to the frame are not equipped with a shock absorption system. And the passenger seat is generally devoid of comfort, because it is not adjustable, and is simply rigidly attached to the cabin floor.
Raising the cab to gain access to the power unit is carried out using a hydraulic drive. The hydraulic drive has important advantage in comparison with the spring-loaded cab lifting system, since it excludes the possibility of unintentional tilting of the cab in the event of a lock breakage. Hydraulic actuators that are supplied with domestic cars, and MAZ still cannot be attributed to foreign cars, almost all are identical, but the designers did not come up with tricky fixing systems for the tilted cab, insuring it with an ordinary steel cable. As they say, cheap and cheerful.
Raising the cab is permissible only when the radiator grill is open, and so that the driver or mechanic does not forget about this operation, the assembly that drives the lift is fixed under the grill. And the towing pin is removed only after the radiator grille is folded back.
Among the shortcomings, we note the low location of the inner door opening handle, which makes it extremely inconvenient to open the door from the inside.
Technical part
Now let's talk about the driving performance of the dump truck. Since the specimen we are considering is new, with a range of only 900 kilometers, some claims to individual units may be temporary. For example, a gear lever has good selectivity but very high shifting effort.
The very process of shifting gears is not smooth. But this is definitely a temporary drawback: after running in and grinding in the parts, the operation of the unit acquires the proper smoothness. At least, shifting from lower gear to upper when double squeezing the clutch, and from upper to lower, with re-gas and double squeezing occurs without precise and soft. YaMZ engine 236 at the same time without strain fulfills downshift... According to the plant, the dump truck began to be installed on the YMZ-6563.10 of the Euro-3 eco-standard.
installed Yaroslavl V-shaped engine YAMZ-236NE2-30 EURO-2
By the way, the Yaroslavl engine without a turbocharging system is an excellent unit that has stood the test of time. There are practically no complaints about the engine. But the Yaroslavl box raises a lot of complaints. With a full load of 10 tons, the truck is very difficult to move in first gear. Due to the short first gear, the acceleration dynamics are very slow. But on a flat road, a truck with a gross weight exceeding 17 tons gets under way from second gear without any problems.
It is better to wrap the pneumatic pipes immediately - otherwise they will rub against the frame
A fully loaded dump truck is capable of speeds up to 90 km / h. it maximum speed, but even in fifth gear MAZ keeps 40 km / h. The dump truck is also distinguished by its briskness, the power steering with the engine running works smoothly.
The maneuverability of the dump truck is at a height - in two steps it is able to turn around even on the narrowest road. Anti-roll bar mounted behind rear axle provides high stability for a heavily laden machine when cornering.
The air brakes are quite effective, the only drawback is the long pumping of air into the system. As you can see, the compressor capacity is not high enough. Loading and unloading of ballast during the tests took place in a normal mode, without any problems, just like on other dump trucks.
But with the front right wheel, the operators, I must admit, were not lucky. The factory workers fixed it on the hub with a slight bias, which is very strong on the steering wheel. The weight of the wheel is almost equal to the centner, in principle, it can weigh more, if only when it is installed, distortions are not allowed. You involuntarily recall that discless wheels were also in vogue in their time in the United States, but now they are practically not found there.
General impression
In general, the car left a good impression. We got acquainted with the car in the most economical version of the dump truck, which is sold for the lowest price. Summing up, we can come to the conclusion that Minsk car manufacturers produce solid, reliable equipment.
When developing this model, the shortcomings that were present in the previous models were taken into account and improved. So, in MAZ-5551, the designers finally said goodbye to the gear lever in the form of a scrap, which is present in all previous models.
And the gears are no longer required, as before, to be caught throughout the entire space of the cabin. At the same time, the gearshift scheme remained the same.
The drum handbrake on MAZ - 5551 was replaced by brake chambers with spring brake accumulators. True, the chambers are not equipped with bolts for forced release in the absence of air in the system.
But, such shortcomings should be treated with understanding, because the cost of a car is much lower than similar models of foreign production, stuffed with all sorts of additional components and systems.
Of course, when testing a dump truck, a lot of elements were found that require "hands-on", but there are significantly fewer of them than on any of the cars produced at the CIS automobile plants. Thus, the MAZ-5551 dump truck proves that it is not in vain that it inherited the nickname "workaholic" deserved by its predecessor MAZ-503 back in the 60s.
A bit of history
The construction of an automobile plant in Minsk, bloodless from the Nazi occupation, began in 1944. First, the plant carried out repairs of vehicles intended for the needs of the front, and after the end of World War II, in 1947, the first YaAZ trucks were assembled in the MAZ experimental workshop.
In February 1948, the first production model of the MAZ 200A truck went to Moscow for testing and approval at the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry. It was this car that laid the foundation for the production of a whole generation of new Soviet heavy two-axle trucks. The emblem of the Minsk automobile plant, the Bialowieza bison, personified the mighty strength and endurance of the Belarusian hard workers in the best possible way.
The design of the trucks has been constantly improved. By the beginning of the 60s, bonnet trucks with two-stroke engines gave way to cars on the conveyor own development MAZ-500 with four-stroke power unit YaMZ-236, located under the cockpit. Among the many modifications of this truck, there was also the MAZ-503 dump truck, which is the predecessor of the MAZ-5537 model, on the basis of which the MAZ-5551 was developed.
MAZ-5551 on tests
IN new version truck drastic changes the cabin has undergone. The design of the headlights, radiator grilles has been changed, the shape of the cabin has acquired clear edges instead of round shapes. Instead of a bifurcated windshield, a bent panoramic windshield... A new spoiler was installed on the roof. The changes affected and interior design driver's cab, new levers and a steering wheel appeared.
The lifting mechanism of the cab is activated using a "mounting", with its help the lock that fixes the cab is opened.
The attitude to the design solutions used in the development of the truck can be twofold. On the one hand, most of the applied solutions can be called anachronism, on the other hand, time-tested solutions. After testing a dump truck that has just rolled off the assembly line, we are more inclined towards the second approach. Nevertheless, some units and structural elements certainly need updating and bringing them up to date.
The country in which the first MAZ-5551 dump truck rolled off the assembly line many years ago is no longer on the world map. The Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are sovereign, independent states. Unfortunately, many of the illustrious factories created over the years Soviet Union, came decline and ceased to exist. During the transition period, the Minsk Automobile Plant also experienced difficult times, but thanks to the flexible management and effective work of the entire labor collective, the enterprise survived and became one of the leading manufacturers of automotive equipment in the post-Soviet space.
