Car onboard kamaz 5320. How much can KamAZ

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Introduction

Automobile transport plays an important role in the economy of the country. Automobile transport is a massive type of transport, especially efficient and convenient for the carriage of goods and passengers for relatively small distances. The advantage of it in front of other types of transport is the possibility of delivering goods and passengers as it is called to place to place, i.e. from the place of loading to the place of delivery. Automobile transport has, in general, about 80% of the total number of cargo transported. Since cars transport cargoes, compared with other types of transport, for short distances, the proportion of cargo turnover by road in Kazakhstan is 7-8% of the total cargo turnover of the country. In some developed countries of the European Union, this indicator comes to 75%. Therefore, the recent strike of motor transport workers in Italy literally paralyzed the country and led to many billiona losses in the economy.

Development of road transport in the Republic of Kazakhstan is constrained by various factors, in particular, not enough road roads and their low quality, rolling stock structure. The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan pays great attention to the development road transport. The network of roads within the country and for messages with neighboring countries are expanding. The quality of the newly under construction roads meets international standards. Car park It is continuously growing and replenished with the best rolling stock of domestic and foreign production, the design of which has high reliability.

All manufactured trucks are equipped with automobiles to reduce the cost of freight during their operation.

Easy rolling stock due to technical malfunctions cause significant losses in the national economy. These costs and losses can be significantly reduced. By broad mechanization and automation of production processes, as well as improving the organization and management of production. Timely holding of this and other technical impacts also leads to an increase in the service life of the main units, parts and components of the car, reduces the cost of repair, and saves time.

In the process of work, a change in the technical condition of the car and its units, which can lead to partial or complete loss of working capacity. There are two ways to ensure the performance of cars in operation with the smallest total and labor costs and loss of time: supporting performance called maintenance (COM) and restoration of working capacity called repair.

1. KAMAZ 5320.

car aggregate transport KAMAZ

1.1 Technical characteristics of KAMAZ-5320

KAMAZ-5320 (6h4) - onboard car It is intended for permanent work with a trailer, produced by Kamsky automotive factory. The body is a platform with three opening sides and an awning. The cabin is a triple, all-metal, folded forward, is equipped with places securing safety belts.

For clarity and convenience, the technical characteristics of the car we reduce to Table 1.

Table 1 Car Technical Characteristics

Name
Load capacity, kg.
Permissible mass of towing trailer, kg
Own weight, kg
Including on the front axle »cart
Full weight, kg
Including on the front axle »rear axle
Maximum speed, km / h.
Brake path with a speed of 40 km / h.
Control fuel consumption at a speed of 40 km / h, l / 100 km
Travel lumets under the front axle, mm
»Trolley, mm
Engine	KAMAZ-740, diesel, four-stroke, eight-cylinder, V-shaped
Cylinder diameter and piston stroke, mm
Working volume
Compression ratio
The order of the cylinders
Maximum power, hp	210 at 2600 rpm
Maximum torque, kgf. M.	65 at 1400-1700 rpm
	V-shaped, eight-section, spool type
Injectors	closed type
Electrical equipment
Accumulator battery	6 ST-190, 2 pcs.
Generator
Relay-regulator

Clutch	Two-disc dry
Transmission	Mechanical, five-speed with front accelerating divider
the first gentleman's transfer
Transmission gearboxes: the first gentleman's transfer
"" Higher
second gear of the lowest
"" Higher
third gear gear
"" Higher
fourth gender gear
"" Higher
fifth gender gender
"" Higher
reverse gear gear
"" Higher
main gear
Steering gear	Screw with nut and rake, engaged with a gear sector with a hydraulic agent, gear ratio 20
Suspension: Front	On two longitudinal semi-elliptic springs, hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
	Balancing on two semi-elliptic springs with six jet rods
Number of wheels
Tire size
Brakes: Worker	Drum on all wheels with pneumohydraulic separate drive
parking (combined with emergency)	Spring energy accumulators, pneumatic drive
auxiliary	motor
Mass of aggregates, kg: Engine with equipment and clutch
gearbox with divider
cardan shafts
front axle
rear axle
middle Most



wheel assembled with a bus
radiator
Overall dimensions, mm:

1.2 Technical characteristics of the gearbox gearbox KAMAZ 152 with a divider

Transmission number and gear ratios: 1st back - 7.82; 1st forward - 4.03; 2nd back - 2.5; 2nd forward - 1.53; 3rd back - 1; 3rd forward - 7.38; 4th back - 1.53; 4th ahead - 1.25; 5th back - 1; 5th ahead - 0.815; Reverse - 7.38 / 6.02

Bearings of steels of the gearbox 152 KAMAZ - ball bearings are used in the primary shaft supports, ball bearings are used, the intermediate shaft of the divider, the front support is a ball bearing, and the rear support is roller without an inner ring.

In the supports of the primary gearbox 152 KAMAZ-55111, 43114, the roller bearing without rings are used, the ball bearing bearing is used. For the secondary shaft of the gearbox, front roller and rear ball bearings are used.

The intermediate shaft of KATAZ 152 is restored on the roller bearing, rear - on the roller two-row spherical bearing.

Bearings gears KAT KAMAZ 152 - roller double-row with non-rings separators, fourth transmission gear bearing without separator.

Synchronizers of the gearbox 152 KAMAZ - inertial type, finger with brass tapered rings.

Gears CAT KAMAZ 152 - with oblique teeth, except for the first transmission and transmission of the reverse, continuous engagement.

KAMAZ 152 gearbox lubrication system - combined. All items are smeared by splashing, the bearings of gear gears and divisors have, in addition, an additional feed from the oil pumping device. Power collection - from the main transmission from two sides through the hatches according to GOST 12323-66; on the right side - from the gear gear of the rear gear stroke; with the left - from the gear gear of the rear movement of the intermediate shaft; It is possible to install com instead of the top cover of the checkpoint.

Control of the gearbox 152 KAMAZ-55111, 43114 - mechanical, with remote drive For the main box and the pneumatic preset for the divider.

The speedometer is a two-stage speedometer drive, consists of a permanent worm pair and a replaceable pair of cylindrical strait gears.

2. Analysis of the design of the aggregate

2.1 Purpose

The gearbox (abbreviated gearbox) is designed to change the torque over the magnitude and direction and sending it from the clutch (we will get acquainted with the clutch mechanism in the next section) to drive wheels. In other words, with the help of a gearbox, with a constant engine power, the thrust force changes on the driving wheels of the car. Also, the PPC allows you to turn on the reverse and for unlimited time (in contrast to the clutch) to disconnect the engine from the drive wheels. Cars can be equipped with mechanical or automatic gearbox. Note that mechanical PPC It is more common today, it was installed on all cars until the invention of the "automat", which appeared in about the middle of the last century. Box Switching Transmission Shaft

2.2 Device

Mechanical gearbox contains the following main elements: Carter, primary shaft, secondary shaft, intermediate shaft, gears, additional shaft, reversing gears, synchronizers, gear shift mechanism, locking device, locking device, gear lever. Note that the gearbox lever (abbreviated gear lever) is the only one of the listed elements that is available from the cabin.

Carter PPC is fixed on the clutch crankcase, which, in turn, is installed on the engine crankcase. Half of the CPT Carther volume occupies a transmission oil used to lubricate the part of the checkpoint. Replacing oil in the checkpoint is rare, on many modern cars It is not necessary to change it (it is poured at the factory and designed for the entire service life of the car). This is due to the fact that in the checkpoint compared to the engine, the parts rotate much slower. Therefore, they are not so intensively wearing, and significantly less products of their work fall into the oil (metal sawdust, chips, etc.). Therefore, the oil being in the checkpoint is longer saved in a state suitable for use.

Carter PPC contains bearings on which shafts rotate. These shafts have gear sets with different number of teeth. In order for the transmissions to switch smoothly and silently, synchronizers are used in the PPC. The essence of their work is that they equalize corner speeds rotating gears.

The main node of the gearbox is the gear shift mechanism by which, actually, and the transmission is changed. This mechanism is controlled by the lever located in the cabin. Usually, the PPC lever is located between the front seats and at the same time before them, but it can be located, for example, on the steering column.

The locking device prevents the on-time transmission at the same time, and the locking device prevents spontaneous shutdown.

2.3 Principle of work

The basic principle of the CAT is based on the fact that different gears have a different number of teeth. Suppose the crankshaft rotates at a speed of 3000 revolutions per minute and transmits this torque to the primary shaft with a gear, which comes into engaging on the other gear, is greater in size and having two times more teeth. The shaft on which this second gear is installed will rotate at a speed of two times smaller, i.e. 1500 revolutions per minute. When using different combinations of incoming gears (installed on different shafts), this principle allows you to receive and transmit, on the drive wheels different torque. As a result, when rotating crankshaft With a speed of 3000 revolutions per minute, the drive wheels when the appropriate gear can rotate, for example, at a speed of 1500 revolutions per minute or 2000 revolutions per minute, etc.

For movement reverse The checkpoint provides the ability to turn on the reverse. In this case, the secondary shaft of the checkpoint rotates in reverse side Through the use of an odd amount of gear incoming gear (in this case, the torque direction changes to the opposite). This "odd" gear is on an additional PPC shaft.

The driver of the car independently switches the transmission using the lever, depending on the driving conditions, the mode of operation of the engine, its capabilities, as well as other factors. On modern passenger cars The five-speed gearbox is installed: this means that the machine has five gears for movement in the front direction and one transmission is for movement in the back direction.

Remember that the lower the gear - it is stronger, but at the same time - slower. Consequently, the strongest gears used to start motion and driving at low speed are the first and reverse gears. When they are turned on, the motor easily rotates the drive wheels, but you will not be able to accelerate to high speed: the engine will be "roar" loudly, but the car will not go faster than 10-20 km / h. Therefore, after the start of movement and the minimum speed set, you need to go to the second gear - less powerful, but more speed. Next, you can develop the speed of 40-50 km / h to move to the third gear - even more speed and less powerful, etc.

3. Diagnostics and maintenance of the CAT

3.1 Maintenance of Car KATS KAMAZ

During the operation of the car, the part of the gearbox, especially the gears and the switching mechanism, are intensively wearing. As a result, such malfunctions may occur as spontaneous shutdown of gears, difficult to turn on and off, increased noise when moving the car.

The maintenance of the CPC is to control the oil level in the gearbox crankcase, the fastening control of the box to the body or frame, control of the presence of the leaks of oil and the integrity of seals and seals, control of the presence of cracks of the crankcase.

Replacing the oil in the checkpoint of trucks is made when running 6000-15000km, depending on the requirements of the manufacturer installed.

Change of oil. Drop the oil from the crankcase when it is still warm from heating when working, byverting three plugs, 1, 3, 4 by car with a divider (1 and 4- without divider). Clean the magnetic tubes from dirt and after draining the exhaust oil, install them in place.

To wash the gearbox and divider cartridges before filling fresh oil, use 12 liters of engine oil. Scroll down the gearbox with a neutral transmission for 10 minutes, then drain motor oil And fill the box to the level of transmission oil, let the engine at 3 ... 5 minutes and then drop the oil if the level decreases.

3.2 Malfunctions KAT car KAMAZ

The main fault of the gearboxes and their elimination methods are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Main faults PPC and ways to eliminate them

Fault	Causes of malfunction	Methods of dispensation or prevention
The difficulty of switching gear	Weakened Mounting Machine Shift Machine	Fastening forks reliably roll
Ricking forks and crawling		Wasted forks to make or replace. Establish the crawling station
Besups on the inner surface of the teeth, clutches of synchrinisisters or teeth of six		Clean the burrs
Simultaneous inclusion of two permanent	Wearing locks of rods or pusher locks	Replace worn items
Weakening of the Fixato Fixtures		Replace pussy
Incomplete switching on the pedaging		Plug stock and forks. In the case of big wear replace
Enlarged Zazo B between the reverse and hub		Replace worn contact details
Significant wear plug on the reverse		Replace plug in a break with a sugar
Noise in the pederatic	Bearing wear shafts	Replace
Wearing or navigation of the behavior of the teeth of the sixteen		Replace
Lack of oil in the footage or depressed oil		Upload oil and need to add
Incomplete inclusion of clutch		To regulate
Weakened the nuts of the kiphesk of bearings and flanges kapdan		Nut tighten
Leak oils from the training team	Increased up of oil in the drips	Upload a plot of oil
Wear oil packs Peredatach		Replace the leaning salns
Speaking of pp stacks of kinches or narrowing and coupling on the pyrexperts		Replace the crowded pp stacks or clean the fears and pp view plane
Weakening of the drive and extension cords, creening bolts		Tighten the brains, tighten the bolts

3.3 Detection of details

Defecting is one of the stages of the machine repair process and has the goal to determine the technical condition of the details for evaluating the possibility of their further use during repair.

In the process of defecting, it is sorted by parts for suitable and unsustent, requiring repair. For the further operation of the parts are sent to the components or warehouses, and from there to assemble. Nothing details are handled in scrap metal. Details requiring repair, after determining the sequence, the recovery is transmitted to the appropriate sections or tsekhi repair enterprises.

Details when defecting marked paint (on test surfaces): unfit - red, suitable - green, requiring repair yellow.

Along with the defectation of parts, the technical condition of the nodes, mechanisms, aggregates is also estimated.

The results of the defectation are recorded in the defective statements, where the number of suitable, repair and unsuitable parts and nodes is indicated. This statement is subsequently basic to obtain the appropriate materials of assembly units necessary for the repair of the machine or the aggregate.

With overhaul on the responsible details and nodes, during defectation, the passports of measurements of the main working surfaces are drawn up. According to these data, the surfaces are processed under repair dimensions, appropriate conjugations are selected, and the units and nodes are completed.

The technical condition of the aggregates and mechanisms is estimated at a predetermined parameter. The task of such an assessment is to determine all possible defects on the surfaces of the parts. Defects in the details of products can be divided into defects associated with emergency damage, long-term operation or storage.

Explicit damage, as well as breakdowns are detected easily. It is relatively simple to estimate the degree of fee of the working surfaces after the measurement measurement of the measuring instrument (calibration, micrometer, the indicator head, etc.) is much more difficult to determine the degree of mutual displacement of surfaces arising both during long-term operation and during other damage. Of particular difficulty in defecting is the detection of microcracks.

When defecting, the part at the beginning is subjected to an external inspection in order to detect explicit defects (corrosion, cracks, dents, chips, etc.), as well as defects with signs of an obvious marriage (holes, breakdowns, etc.). Then the part is checked on special devices and devices for the detection of microcracks, disorders of the surfaces of the surfaces and their mutual location, measurement of hardness, elasticity, etc.

According to the results of defectation, it is concluded that the possibility of restoring the detail, or on the need to manufacture a new one.

4. Development of the technological process of restoration of the part

4.1 Feature Details and conditions of its work

ZIL-431410 car gear transmission shaft (ZIL-130) belongs to the class of "Round rods with a shaped surface". It is made of steel 25 chmm and cemented to a depth of 0.5-0.7 mm. After heat treatment, the hardness of the surface layer HRC 60 ... 65 and the hardness of the HRC 35 ... 45 core is hardness.

When machined shaft, the installation bases mainly serve as centered holes and less often external cylindrical surfaces. The roughness of the gear teeth and the surface of the hole under the roller bearing must correspond to RA \u003d 0.32h0.25 μm, the remaining surfaces are RA \u003d 1.25 h1.0 μm.

The leading gearbox ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130) is operating under contact loads, accompanied by bending effort. Destructive factors are contact loads, bending and friction.

4.2 Selection of ways to restore the details

In the process of inspection of the driving shaft, the following defects of the leading shaft of the car gearbox ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130) are revealed:

1. Wear slots in thickness.

2. Wearing hole for roller bearing.

3. Ceroid wear under the front bearing.

Possible elimination methods:

on defect 1: - Slow

by defect 2: - Put an additional sleeve.

on defect 3: - to blind;

Chromium; - Restore the vibrational surfacing.

When analyzing the methods of eliminating each defect, three methods suitable for eliminating these defects are revealed: on a defect 1 -Naste under a flux layer, on defect 2 - put an additional sleeve and on defect 3 - chromium.

4.3 Technological Process Scheme

Table 4.1 Scheme of the technological process of reducing repair of the drive shaft of the gearbox 130-1701030-b

	Method	Name and content of operations	Installation base.

Slot wear	Supplement under the flux layer	Plumbing. Clean the slotted end to the metal shine
		Application. Separated. Slots slot. end.	Center. Holes
		Turning. Purify the slotted end to the nominal size.
		Milling. Milling slots.
		Washing. Rinse the item.

Wearing hole for roller bearing	Put an additional sleeve	Grinding. Grind the hole for the roller bearing under the production of DRD.	Center holes
		Plumbing. Press Rem. sleeve.	Torsh. top.
		Grinding. Grind the hole in the sleeve under the nominal size.	Center holes
		Washing. Rinse the item.

Checkow wear under the front bearing	Chrome	Grinding. Grind the neck under front. Bearing "How Pure"	Center holes
		Chrome. Prepare detail and chromium. neck under front bearing.	External cylinder. top.
		Grinding. Grind the neck under front. Bear. under nominal. the size.	Center holes
		Washing. Rinse the part in Soda R-re.

4.4 Technological Operations Plan

Table 4.2 Plan of technological operations of the process of repairing the repair shaft of the gearbox 130-1701030-b

Name and maintenance of the operation	Equipment	Fixtures	Tool
				Measuring
Turning. Stop centers (if necessary)	Turning and screw machine 1K62	Self-centered cartridge	Drill centering combination.
Plumbing. Clean the slotted end	PNUMOSHLIFMASHINK PSM-60		Circle Called 60 h5ch10
Application. Slide the slotted slotted grooves with overlapping to the outer surface under the flux layer	Pereoborud. Turning and screw machine 1K62, rectifier VSA-600/300	Curly head A-409, Center	Wire NP-30HGSA, Flux An-348A	Shtanzirkulskul SC-1-125-0.1
Plumbing. Edit a slotted end (if necessary)	Press CP1800.			Indicator Beating Sheek Under Bearings
Thermal. Unlock slotted end using T.V.C.	High-frequency installation LZ-2-67
Turning. Pump the slotted end of the rated size	turning and screw machine 1K62		Passing straight cutter with plate T15K6	Shtanzirkulskul SC-1-125-0.1
Milling. Milling 10 slots on the slotted end	Universal milling machine 6m82	Division head UDG-160.	Circular Disk P6M5	Shtanzirkulskul SC-1-125-0.1
Thermal. Turn the slotted end using T.V.C. in oil and let go in air	High frequency set. LZ-2-67, bath for hardening parts in oil	Suspension for hardening parts
Grinding. Grind slots for rated size	FlatShelifers 3731	Machine vice	circle grinding PP 100ch5ch32 E40-25 61-6m2K	Caliber is not 5.70 mm. micrometer MK (GOST 6507-60) With dimensions of 0-25mm
Grinding. Grind the hole for the roller bearing for the production of DRD				Nutrometer Nm-75 GOST 10-88
Plumbing. Press Rem. sleeve	Hydraulic press	Mandrel, stand
Grinding. Schlif. Hole under the role. Bearing under nom. the size	Intrahelifed machine 3A227	Patron with undequired cams	Grinding wheel PP 35ch10ch15 EK36-60 cm1	Caliber-cork not 43.98 GOST 2015-84
Grinding. Grind the neck for the front bearing "How Pure"		Leasted cartridge with a leash, centers.		micrometer MK with measurements of 0-25mm
Chrome. Prepare and chrome cervical under front bearing	Baths for Dechannel, Chrome, Electric furnace	Suspension for chrome	Brush for isolation	SC-1-125-0.1 SC-1-125-0.1, micrometer MK with measure limits. 25-50mm
Washing. Rinse detail	Bath with soda r-rh	Suspension for washing children.
Grinding. Grind the neck for the front bearing under the nominal size	Round-grinding machine 3B151	Leasted cartridge with a leash, centers.	Grinding wheel PP 100h20ch32 EK36-60 cm1	micrometer MK with measurements of 0-25mm, caliber-bracket not 25x GOST 2015-84
Washing. Rinse detail	Bath with water	Suspension for washing parts

5. Development of operations to restore parts

5.1 Original data

I. Initial data (for operation 03):

1.2 Material - Steel 25HGM.

II. Initial data (for operation 016):

2.1 Detail - Valley Gearbox Gearbox ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130), neck for front bearing d \u003d 34, d \u003d 30, L \u003d 25.

2.2 Material - Steel 25HGM.

2.3 Hardness - HRC 60 ... 65.

2.4 The mass of the details is not more than 10 kg.

2.5 Equipment - circular sloping machine 3B151.

2.6 Cutting tool - Grinding Circle of PP 100Ch20CH32 EK36-60 cm1.

2.7 Setting the part - in centers, without reconciliation.

2.8 Processing conditions - with cooling.

Operation 03 surfacing. Slide the spline grooves of the spline end with overlapping to the outer surface under the flux layer.

Table 5.1 Description Operation 03

Operation 016 grinding. Grind the neck under front. bearing

Table 5.2 Description of operation 016 grinding

5.3 Determination of Pass For Processing

I. Determine the impression of grinding when chroming the front cervical under the bearing of the leading gearbox of the car ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130).

Nominal diameter Dom \u003d,

We accept to calculate Dal \u003d 24,985

(i.e. Dmax \u003d 24.995; Dmin \u003d 24,975).

Repair is required when the neck diameter is less ddop \u003d 24.96.

We assume that the diameter of the worn front neck for the bearing Diznos \u003d 24.95. Before chrome, the part is grinding "as pure" to eliminate traces of wear and imparting proper geometric shape.

Package for grinding (for diameter) 2 b1 \u003d 0.1

Taking into account the grinding "as purely" the diameter of the front cervix will be:

To restore the front cervix under the bearing should be applied a layer of metal (chrome) of such a thickness to ensure dimensions and roughness after processing, pre-and final processing.

We determine the impression on grinding after chromium.

Preliminary: 2b2 \u003d 0,050

Final: 2b3 \u003d 0,034

Thus, the maximum diameter of the front neck under the primary shaft bearing should be:

Therefore, the thickness of the galvanic coating should be at least:

Results of calculation

1. Grinding to chrome "as pure": Lock B1 \u003d 0.050 (to the side)

2. Chrome thickness: Lock H \u003d 0.110

3. Grinding after chrome:

- Preliminary: B2 \u003d 0.025

- Final: Lock B3 \u003d 0.017

5.4 Calculation of processing modes and time standards

Operation 03 surveying

We define the piece time on the cutting of the slots by the surfacing under the layer of the flux tree of the leading gearbox car ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130). Length of the slot cervix L \u003d 110; The number of spline grooves is 10.

1) source data:

1.1 Detail - Val Master of the car gearbox ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130), the plot of slotted depression. Length of the slotted end L \u003d 110.

1.2 Material - Steel 25HGM.

1.4 The mass of the details is not more than 10 kg.

1.5 Electrode Wire - Steel NP-30HGSA 1.6 mm, density 7.8 g / cm3.

1.6 Equipment - re-equipped turning and screw machine 1K62; VSA-600/300 rectifier; Curly head A-409.

1.7 Setting the part - in centers, without reconciliation.

1.8 Seam position - horizontal.

Install the detail on the re-equipped lathe

Plug slotted grooves, remove the item.

3) The main time of the surfacing of the slot is calculated by a longitudinal way according to the formula:

Where: L - the length of the surfacing, mm;

Number of layers of surfacing. The diameter of the flood wire in 1.6 mm provides the thickness of the state layer in 1 mm. The depth of the slotted depression is more than 6.5 mm, then the number of layers of the surfacing accept \u003d 7;

VN - Speed \u200b\u200bof surfacing, m / min.

When surfacing a slot longitudinal way

Where: L is the length of the slotter neck, mm,

n is the number of slotted depressions.

L \u003d 110 10 \u003d 1100 mm. \u003d 1.1 m

4) Determination of the speed of the surfacing:

Diameter of electrode wire D \u003d 1.6 mm;

Current density take DA \u003d 92 A / mm2 [L-1]

The power of the welding current i \u003d 0.785 d2 Da \u003d 0.785 1.62 92 \u003d 185 A,

The coefficient of surfacing BN \u003d 11 g / a h, [l-1]

Mass of molten metal

The volume of molten metal

Where r - the density of the molten metal (steel - 7.8)

Electrode Wire Feed Speed

Feed (step of surfacing)

S \u003d (1.2-2.0) d \u003d 1.5 1.6 \u003d 2.4 mm.

Speed \u200b\u200bsurfacing

Where T is the thickness of the floor layer, depending on the diameter of the electrode wire, mm. T \u003d 1 mm for wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm.

Thus, the main time of the surfacing of the slots under the flux will be:

The auxiliary time is calculated by the formula:

where: - auxiliary time associated with the product, to install and remove the part, min., \u003d 0.8 min, ([L-10], Table 6);

The auxiliary time associated with the transition. For subflux surfacing - 1.4 min by 1 messenger meter seam, min,

1.4 1.1 \u003d 1.54 min. [L-1];

Auxiliary time by one turn of the part (with a subllus longitudinal slotted surfacing) of the welding head - 0.46 min. Because Slutsheet depression 10 TO \u003d 0.46 10 \u003d 4.6 min, [L-1].

The auxiliary time will be:

Extra time:

Where: n is the percentage of extra time, n \u003d 14%, [L-1, p. 58].

An extra time will be:

Putter time is determined by the formula:

Thus, the piece time will be:

Operation 016 grinding

We define a piece time on the grinding of the neck under the front bearing of the leading gearbox of the car ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130) after chrome. Diameter before processing 25,069 mm, after processing 24.985 mm, neck length 25 mm.

1) source data:

Detail - shaft leading car gearbox ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130), neck for front bearing d \u003d 25.069, d \u003d 24,985, L \u003d 25.

Material - Steel 25HMM.

Hardness - HRC 60 ... 65.

The mass of the details is not more than 10 kg.

Equipment - 3B151 circular grinding machine.

Cutting tool - Grinding Circle of PP 100Ch20CH32 EK36-60 cm1.

Installation of the part - in centers, without reconciliation.

Processing conditions - with cooling.

The type of grinding is the round outdoor with the output of the grinding circle in one direction.

2.1 Install the detail

2.2 Grind the neck.

2.3 Measure the neck

2.4 Remove the item.

3. Solution:

3.1 The main time is calculated by the formula:

where: - the length of the outlet of the table, during grinding with the output of the grinding wheel in one direction

l is the length of the treated surface, mm;

B - width (height) of the grinding wheel, mm;

z - Pass on the processing to the side, mm;

Rotation frequency of the processed product, rpm.

Longitudinal feed, mm / about,

\u003d (0.2-0.3) B \u003d 0.3 20 \u003d 6 mm / O;

Grinding depth (transverse feed), \u003d 0.005-0.010 (L-3, p. 119, Table 86).

I accept the machine passport \u003d 0.075 mm / stroke, (L-1, applications);

K is a coefficient that takes into account the wear of the circle and the accuracy of grinding. With rough grinding K \u003d 1.1-1,4, I accept K \u003d 1.2; With the county - K \u003d 1.5-1.8. I accept K \u003d 1.7.

The stroke of the table will be:

The rotation frequency of the part is calculated by the formula:

Product speed, m / min, (L-3, p. 119, Table 86);

D - diameter of the processed part, mm.

The rotation frequency of the part will be:

According to the passport of the machine \u003d 260 rpm (L-1, p. 117, applications)

Then the main time on the processing of the part will be:

Black:

Final:

Thus, the general main time on the grinding of the neck under the front bearing will be:

3.2 Auxiliary Time:

0.6 min - installation time and detail

1.00 + 0.55 \u003d 1.55 min - time associated with passage

3.3 extra time

Where k \u003d 9% (L-10, p.47, Table 7)

3.4 piece Time

5.5 Calculation of the number of main equipment on the site

The number of main technological equipment for a mechanical and mechanical section is calculated by the formula:

where: - a valid annual process of process equipment, h. \u003d 2025 h [L-5, Appendix 8];

Thus, the number of main technological equipment will be:

Of the total number of machines on the plot:

Turning - 40 ... 50%, take 45%;

Revolving - 7 ... 12%, I accept 10%;

Milling - 8 ... 12%, I accept 11%;

Grinding - 16 ... 20%, I accept 18;

Drilling - 7 ... 10%, I accept 8%;

Other equipment - 6 ... 10%, I accept 8%

Then the equipment on the site by type of work will be distributed as follows:

Turning - 8 0.45 \u003d 4 units;

Revolving - 8 0,10 \u003d 1 units;

Milling - 8 0.11 \u003d 1 unit;

Grinding - 8 0.18 \u003d 2 units;

Drilling - 8 0.08 \u003d 1 unit;

Other equipment - 8 0.08 \u003d 1.

5.6 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe site

To calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe site, it is necessary to multiply the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe technological equipment to the density coefficient of equipment arrangement.

where: FAB - Total Equipment Area. FAB \u003d 51.53 m2

KP is the density coefficient of equipment for equipment. KP \u003d 4.0.

The plot area will be:

F \u003d FAB KP \u003d 51.53 4.0 \u003d 206.12 m2.

I accept the area of \u200b\u200bthe plot F \u003d 200 m2: the length of the site is 20 m, width - 10 m.

Table 5.1 List of Basic Equipment and Equipment of the Plumbing and Mechanical Station

Name	Type or model	Size in terms of (mm)	Total area (m2)
Turning machine
Turning and ventius machine of increased accuracy
Universal Turning Machine
Turning and revolving machine
Universal milling machine
Kurglochlife machine
Intrawlifish machine
Radial drilling machine
Grinding machine
Testing plate
Marking plate
Merchant workshop
Rack for details
Hydraulic Press
Mobile reception table
Tool bedside table

6. Labor protection at the site

According to Labor Code Russian Federation The annual flow of working time is 1860 hours.

The duration of the main vacation is 28 calendar days, and additional 15 calendar days. The duration of working time is maximal than the daily operation of 8 hours.

6.1 Safety in the site and security ambient

The processed moving parts protruding the dimensions of the equipment must be fenced and have reliable sustainable supporting devices. All metal parts of the equipment that can be under voltage must be grounded. To protect the flying chips operating from the lesion on the machines, transparent screens and devices for breaking and taping chip should be installed. In the absence of transparent screens, the worker should use protective glasses. In addition, portable shields and grids must be installed near the machines.

Hydraulic, pneumatic and electromagnetic clamping devices must be equipped with blocking devices that provide automatic stopping the operation of the machine in cases of an unexpected pressure drop or the cessation of air supply, liquid or electric current.

Cooling fluids (emulsions) should be prepared at the enterprise centrally on the recipe consistent with local sanitary supervision authorities.

Protective transparent screens must be installed on the ridge-grinding machines, scrolled with the machine starter (the machine does not turn on until the screen is omitted).

To clean the screens from dust, devices must be provided. The grinding wheel is fixed by clamping flanges (with gaskets made of elastic material), the diameters of which should be at least 1/3 of the diameter of the circle. The gap between the grinding steep and the girlfriend should be less than half the thickness of the base item, but not more than 3 mm. Badges must be firmly fixed.

Machines with abrasive tool, working without cooling, should be equipped with dust.

7. Environmental Ecology

Environmental protection against harmful effects of ATP.

The environmental activity on ATP is organized and carried out in accordance with applicable laws, subtitle acts, as well as environmental programs of the superior system and regulatory documents.

ATP should be separated from residential building by sanitary protection zones. Pipes of boiler houses and ventilation conclusions of production sites emitting harmful substances (welding, battery, painting, etc.) should be equipped with special capturing filters. The concentration of pollutants emitted by PTB into the atmosphere, on the border of the sanitary and protective zone should not exceed the established MPC harmful substances in the air of settlements. The levels of noise created by the enterprise also should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bgoverned by sanitary standards.

It is necessary to observe the established norms of water consumption and drainage, contain in good condition treatment facilities and ensure the purification of the effluent to the levels specified in the resolution on the PDS. It should also strictly follow the rules for the collection, storage and disposal of industrial waste. The acceptance and issuance of TMS should be organized in such a way as to exclude the possibility of their falling on the soil and in the sewer.

ATP should have the necessary production premises, equipped with equipment in accordance with existing standards, apply technologies that provide high quality and tr, and support PS in a technically good condition. In addition, the company must be equipped with appliances to control the toxicity of cars: 1 gas analyzer for 50 gasoline cars and 1 smokeomer by 50 diesel.

Perform operational measures to reduce the toxicity of spent gases (adjustment of the engine systems, control CO, the use of special additives, etc.)

Production wastewater from installation for washing parts and washing floors containing hot fluids, alkali and suspended substances, in front of the sewan, the sewage network is cleaned in dizovens and benzooculaters.

Distributed wastewater from the battery compartment contain a significant amount of sulfuric acid. Therefore, the battery compartment is equipped with an independent sewage network, which is performed from ceramic pipes with an exit to the outer pool for the neutralization of wastewater (decrease in the concentration of sulfuric acid in wastewater to a value of 20 mg / l, permissible sex by sanitary standards). For neutralization of wastewater of the battery compartment, soda solutions used for washing parts are used. In this case, the neutralization pool is combined with a sump of the dissemination and washing branch of aggregate and engine shops.

The neutralization pool is equipped with natural ventilation. The exhaust part of the sewage riser is displayed above the roof of the building 0.7m. From the pool, the neutralized wastewater is entered into sumps to isolate insoluble impurities (calcium sulfate, etc.). Lighted wastewater from settling tanks are sent to the sewer network. For environmental protection on large and medium-sized ATPs, it is advisable to create a special structural unit or an ecological group as part of a technical department or traffic safety department, and in small enterprises to appoint the order responsible for this work.

Conclusion

Improving the quality of repair is important, because At the same time, the efficiency of the equipment and in general, the entire automotive transport increases: the number of technically serviceable cars increases, the costs of operational repairs and others are reduced.

All these areas determine the paths and methods of the most efficient management of the automotive park in order to ensure the regularity and safety of transportation with the most complete implementation of the technical capabilities of the design and ensuring the specified levels of operational reliability of the car, optimize material and labor costs, minimizing the negative impact of the technical state of mobile The staff and the environment.

In this course project was developed technological process Recovery repair Details of the drive of the leading gearbox of the car ZIL-431410 (ZIL-130).

In the calculation process, the optimal program, the need for equipment, was calculated, the production area of \u200b\u200bthe mechanic and mechanical site was calculated and a technological layout was developed.

List of references

1. Methodical instructions According to the course design of "Repair of cars and engines". ? Omsk FGOU OAK, SEMENYUK S.I.2004.

2. Car repair. Ed. Si. Rumyantsev. M Transport 1988.

3. Dyumin I.E., Tregub G.P. Repair of cars M.Transport 1995.

4. Karagodin V.I., Mitrochin N.N.remont of cars and engines M. M. M. 2001.

5. Alexandrov A.A.Technic standardization of labor on road transport M.Transport 1986.

6. Matveev V.A., Pleashov I.I. Technical rationing of repair work in agriculture M. Kolos 1979.

7. Melnikov G.N. Repair of cars and engines. Methods of execution of the course project. NGRZATT. Nizhny Novgorod 1999.

9. Mamleev E.A. Semenyuk si. Rationing of turning works Methodical manual. OATK Omsk 2002.

10. Mamleev E.A. Semenyuk si. Rationing of drilling work Methodological manual. OATK Omsk 2002.

11. Y. Baranets V.V. Semenyuk si. The rationing of milling works Methodological manual. OATK Omsk 2002.

12. Mamleev E.A. Semenyuk si. Ruling of grinding work Methodological manual. OATK Omsk 2002.

13. Mamleev E.A. Semenyuk si. The rationing of the surfacing work methodological manual. OATK Omsk 2002.

Posted on Allbest.ru.

...

What are the kamaz?

The lineup has about a hundred cars. Cars are classified as follows:

onboard;
dump trucks;
truck tractors;
chassis.

It is interesting!

You can find out on these pages:
How many weighs "an eye"
How much the plane weighs
How much the tram weighs
How much tank weighs
How many tsar bell weigh

Everyone vehicle It has a special index, thanks to which you can determine the carrying capacity of the car and the scope of application. The first digit indicates full weight. Figure 6 indicates that the KAMAZ carrying capacity ranges from 20 to 40 tons. Index 5 refers a car to the class of dump trucks. Onboard kamaz numbers are numbered 3 (there are about 20 models). The third and fourth digits indicate the sequence number of the model, the fifth is the modification number.

Such value of indexes refers not only to the cars of the KAMAZ brand, but also to ZIL, gas and MAZ, except for models released until 1966. In a digital abbreviation after the first two digits, the designations of the factory number of the model are followed, and the modification number is added via dash.

All KAMAZ models have received their distribution due to quality performance: endurance, performance and carrying capacity, which depends on the truck model.

Load capacity and weight of on-board cars KAMAZ

The linear range of onboard models of KAMAZ has about twenty technical units. Part of the car was removed from production, others successfully work on construction sites and transport cargo.

Name model	Mass models with equipment, kg	Loading, tons
KAMAZ 4308.	11500	5,5
KAMAZ 43114.	15450	6,09
KAMAZ 43118.	20700	10
KAMAZ 4326.	11600	3,275
KAMAZ 4355.	20700	10
KAMAZ 53215.	19650	11
KAMAZ 65117.	23050	14
KAMAZ 4310.	14500	6
KAMAZ 43502.	11200	4
KAMAZ 5350.	16000	8

Depending on the configuration and "physical" capabilities of the equipment, it is used in difficult conditions for the needs of the army. KAMAZ has proven themselves in the conditions of the Far North, with extremely low temperatures air.

Load capacity and weight of KAMAZ dump trucks

KAMAZ dump trucks The largest group of trucks, which has about forty models and modifications. This row includes both dump trucks in the usual understanding of this term and cars with opening sides.

In addition to the differences in technical specifications, cars differ in the degree of comfort.

Standard cabin technical device It is designed for three people, the popular model 45141-010-10 is more comfortable and equipped with a separate sleeping place, which is important for drivers carrying cargo to long distances.

Load capacity and mass of KAMAZ truck

Separate category Car KAMAZ - saddle tractors. These are massive road trains who have trailer device and by increasing overall dimensions Capable to transport smaller goods. The coupling device can be different: awning, onboard, isothermal. It is attached to the head aggregate with the help of a pile and saddle. The characteristics always indicates the mass and carrying capacity of the trailer device.

Such "silists" are capable of pulling the weight weighing up to 100 tons! They are produced both by military order (for rocket-space forces) and for other needs (quarries, mines, diamond deposits).

It is these modifications of kamaz that work on cosmodromes and deliver the rockets ready for spacecraft ready for the launch.

Cars KAMAZ special purpose

KAMAZ chassis has a wide range of applications, they are designed to transport road trains, platforms are equipped to install crane equipment, watch booths, etc. Almost all chassis are presented on the basis of basic models.

Platforms can be used as:

timber carriers;
tanks for fuel and lubricants, liquid chemical environments;
cement and concosses;
timber carriers;
platforms for transportation of explosives;
container carriers.

Such a broad specialization made a car indispensable in various industries. national economy. It works efficiently where the other technique can fail or simply can not cope with the task. In agriculture, the KAMAZ is transported by mineral fertilizers, harvest, deliver agricultural equipment. In construction, the car is used to transport precast concrete and metal welded structures, building materials (dry mixtures and finished solutions); The lifting and transport equipment "returned" on the basis of the platform in the lifting and transport mechanism. When developing deposits and conduct topographic-geodesic works, drilling equipment is mounted on the chassis. Military transport techniques, missile systems, rocket complexes are transported on Kamaz; On the KAMAZ teachings are used as cabins and kitchen blocks, in the premises of which you can cook lunch at once a few dozen people; Machines and for clearing snow drifts are used. Road works are also not fulfilled without reliable "iron" assistants, they deliver building materials for road work. Geologists take in "Travel" KAMAZ, because in conditions of taiga, where there are swampy and impassable areas to overcome them for only such a car. Depending on the scope of application, carrying capacity and availability additional equipmentAll automotive techniques will have a different weight. But regardless of the mass, the technique under the brand "KAMAZ" remains a reliable and long-term partner.

The sizes of the KAMAZ bodies depend on its model. Production of car brand KAMAZ (cut from Kamsky Automotive Plant) began in 1976. The car was made on the basis of all familiar ZIL-170, so the sizes of the body of the side KamAZ, corresponded to the sizes of the body of ZIL.

Diversity

ATTENTION! Found a completely simple way to reduce fuel consumption! Do not believe? Auto mechanic with 15 years old also did not believe, until he tried. And now it saves 35,000 rubles per year in gasoline!

Today, many varieties of KamAZ are produced, since this car has proven itself well in all applications. There are differences: dump trucks, container shipments (onboard), pawenel, special equipment (cranes, concrete mixers), tractors, chassis and others, therefore the size of the KAMAZ body and the price of each specific type (model) is yours. All the meaning does not have to list, let's stop at the most popular models.

KAMAZ-5320 is one of the most popular models, plus it is one of the first to appear representatives of the truck line Kama Plant.. This onboard tractor is used with trailed components (trailers) of the GKB-8385 type. The purpose of the transport tasks in the construction region, military and almost in any spheres of agricultural and industrial activity was to the destination.

5320 was proceeded in 1968. For a long time, Kama Automobile Plant produced this model without changing the size of the KAMAZ body and the style of execution. The first changes (mostly cosmetic) in the truck model occurred only in the year 2000.

If we consider technical specifications The car will become clear that it is superbly suitable for transporting a variety of cargo in both neighboring and long distances. Tracture confidently feels in city roads, and on country, and long-distance trails. This car is ideally adapted to the conditions of Russia, so it is easy to start in very coldy And it has good permeability in dirt and slush.

Model 5320 was exported at more than forty foreign states, thereby deserving popularity abroad, not limited to the domestic market, despite the fact that the model was originally created for the needs of internal consumers.

Model 5320 is cargo tractor With sides, KAMAZ, the size of the body of which allows it to be used as a road train, during the transportation of various goods. He also got fame also because a lot of models were built at its base, for the transport of Middle tonnage products (medium-connected).

On-board KAMAZ 5320 The size of the body in the photo above, the sizes of the body of machines released on its base may differ.

Dump truck

The load capacity of the dump truck is 8Ton. This is a great indicator, despite the fact that the mass of it is 7Ton. Such a body size of Kamaz dump truck, as the instruction says, allows them to tow the trailer of the same lifting capacity. If tugging the trailer, then the full mass of such a composition will reach 26Ton.

Model 5320 dump truck has a rather low level of fuel consumption, among the cars of its class, consumption is 34 liters per 100 kilometers of the run. What made it popular both in Russia and abroad. And thanks to the excellent cab design, the driver's and passenger seats (places) have an increased level of security, in comparison with similar machines of the same class. Additional protection In case of accidents, in all models of the car serve seat belts. Kamaz dump truck sizes (so as not to measure with your own hands) are given below.

Model 6520.

For a long time, there were no heavy-class cars produced by Kama Automobile Plant, which could comply with all the requirements for them to the market. KAMAZ 6520, whose body size has been increased, has become a worthy answer to the new market needs, which led to the need to increase the load capacity. Model 6520 firmly kept leadership in the market more than 10 years, and today it remains popular and very popular.

The creation and production of the machine 6520 began only in the 90s when domestic auto The market has arisen a shortage of special transport, which may not just work in the most difficult Russian conditions, but also to carry very large cargo. Although the Kama Automobile Plant produced many models for that period, but their technical characteristics have noticeably inferior to their foreign prototypes. And although KAMAZ-65115 was actively used, which had a load capacity of 15Ton, its indicators, to that period of time, was not enough.

Therefore, the Kama Automobile Plant was developed by model 6520, the size of the KAMAZ 6520 body was larger than that previous models, but wheel formula For him, six for four were invented. This magnificent worker coped with any complex tasks. In it constructive features There were such improvements as:

ABS system
Welded all-metal platform
Plus control of the work of the driver from the driver's cab

The sizes of the body of Kamaz dump truck are below, you can compare with the first models

In addition to the dump truck, made and enhanced onboard tractors, the body size of KAMAZ 6520 on-board, also lead to comparison

The carrying capacity of such machines is 20 tons, which is two and a half times the first popular models, and if you compare the body sizes in these models, it will become noticeable that they have increased not much.

Today, among the abundance of new products and many inventions, the Kama Plant cars continue to keep the brand, which is confirmed not only by the level of demand and sales A and victories in prestigious competitions "Paris-Dakkar" races.

KAMAZ body sizes and form depend on the requirements for it and set before a specific model task. Machines are still in demand in the market and not fearful, they have many appointments from the transport of people and to multi-torque blocks or bulk materials, unlike the ZIL-130, which today are removed from military production and are subject to write-off and disposal, they remain exclusively on civilian service.

Truck history

The history of the cargo car KAMAZ-5320 originates in the spring of 1968, when the ministry order came out automotive industry USSR on the development of zila specialists of the family of heavy truck trucks and organize their serial production at the new enterprise.

On April 3, 1969, the Ministry of Automotive Industry issued an order, according to which Yaroslavl motor Plant. The task was set to develop diesel four-stroke engines with a capacity of 150-200 hp For new trucks.

The design and experimental department of Zila began to develop a new promising family of trucks immediately after the completion of work on gasoline ZIL-133. Abroad, a number of trucks were purchased for testing and choosing the required class of hip and bad analogues, as a prototype, the choice fell on the American International COF-220 (1962-1966). It is possible that when choosing a prototype, the chief designer Anatoly Cryger took into account the experience with the trucks of this company in the development of ZIS-150.

In May 1969, the first prototype of the SIL-170 side truck was made, which was soon sent to the test on the route Uglich-Rybinsk. At the same time, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a decree on construction in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny automotive factory for the production of a new family of trucks.

At the same time, the construction of a new auto plant besides the side truck continued work on the ZIL-170T saddle tractor and the ZIL-170S construction dump truck. Then all trucks to identify operational deficiencies were sent to the passage of state tests in the Dmitrievsky landfill.

By the end of 1972, the identified shortcomings were eliminated and the documentation together with the prototypes were transferred to Kamsky Automobile Plant. At the new enterprise, the onboard truck was improved and received the designation.

The development of the 8-ton trailer of the GKB-8380 for the side truck was engaged in the head design bureau, and 15-ton side semi-trailer ODAZ-9370 and 14-ton semi-trailer-van ODAZ-9770 - Design department of the Odessa motor assembly plant.

On February 16, 1976, the first five trucks of KAMAZ-5320 were collected. In accordance with the traditions of that time, they were decorated with a slogan "Our Labor Gift XXV Congress CPSU."

Cargo side car KAMAZ-5320 serially produced on Kama Automobile Plant from 1976 to 2000 and served as the basis for creating modifications:

KAMAZ-5410. - truck tractor;
KAMAZ-5511 - construction dump truck;
KAMAZ-55102. -Oclineal dump truck;
KAMAZ-53212. - elongated onboard truck;
KAMAZ-53213. - Chassis under the special equipment.

KAMAZ-5320 side truck design

Frame, suspension and wheels

The truck received a staircase staircase, which is equipped with amplifiers. A towing device with double-sided depreciation was attached to the back of the frame, which is designed for permanent operation with a total weight of 11.5 tons. Front frame has a buffer.

The continuous front axle of KAMAZ-5320 was associated with the frame with the help of semi-elliptical springs with sliding ends and telescopic hydraulic dual-action shock absorbers, and the rear bridges are spring-balancing suspension. Spring sheets have a T-shaped section.

Furious wheels with removable side and lock rings were attached to the front axle and rear bridges. Tires - radial type, measuring 260-508p, 12-layer, with a unique pattern of tread. The front wheels were mounted on the knuckles of the hubs with five clips, heels with nuts. Rear dual wheels using the rear inner wheel rim installed on the conical surface of the back of the rear hub.

Brake system

The on-board truck KAMAZ-5320 received several brake systems: working, auxiliary and spare. Brake mechanisms of all wheels - drum type with two pads. The working brake drive is a pneumatic, double-circuit, with a separate action for the wheels of the front axle and the wheels of the rear trolley.

In the parking lot, the truck was kept in the brake mechanisms of the rear trolley wheels, which in this case were activated from spring energy accumulators installed on the bridge.

Mechanisms auxiliary brake KAMAZ-5320 is installed in the muffler's reception pipes. Their action is based on the creation of a counterpressure in the gas outlet system using dampers that blocked the passage sections. In case of emergency failure, one of the truck systems can be stopped by a spare parking brake.

Driver's work brakes carried out from the cab with the help of a floor pedal, which is connected by levers and traction with a two-section brake valve. In the cabin to the right of the driver's seat was located a crane with a parking brake handle. The spare brake system was included with the parking, and the auxiliary - with the help of the push-button switch, which was located on the cabin floor under the steering column.

Engine, clutch and gearbox

The engine, clutch and gearbox of the cargo car KAMAZ-5320 were a single power unit, which was installed on the frame on the front, rear and supporting supports.

As a power unit, the KAMAZ-5320 truck received a four-stroke V-shaped eight-cylinder diesel engine KAMAZ-740 working capacity of 10.85 liters and with a capacity of 210 or 180 hp at 2600 rpm.

The engines were distinguished by constructive solutions that were progressive at that time. For the domestic automotive industry:

nitrogenated crankshaft;
four-way oil filtration system with centrifuge, which increased engine life;
automatic control proper work cooling systems using hydromeflip in the fan drive and two thermostats;
a closed CAMAZ-5320 truck cooling system is designed for continuous use of Tosol coolant;
the air purification system with a dry type filter and automatic dust suction from the filter using the ejector, which acted due to the energy of the exhaust gases;
colloid-graphite piston skirt coverage;
removable metal-ceramic guide sleeves for valves;
molybdenum coating of the lower piston ring;
active jet silencer of the noise of flaking.

The note: "To work in the composition of the KAMAZ-5320 road train, equipped with a capacity of 210 hp, and for single cars - an 180 hp engine."

AT force aggregate A two-way dry clutch was used. To facilitate the use of the pedal in hydraulic drive The clutch control mechanism had a pneumatic motor.

A mechanical 5-speed gearbox was installed in a pair, which had synchronizers on the second, third, fourth and fifth gears. The box control was carried out by remotely mechanically driven, for which the gear lever was in the cockpit.

Most of the KAMAZ-5320 trucks received a divider, which was an additional two-stage gearbox and was installed after the clutch before the main box. One divider transmission is made direct (i.e., the gear ratio is 1), and the second transmission is an increase (gear ratio is 0.815). Thus, the divider allows twice the number of gears and bring them up to ten. In the transmission divider, it is switched through a pneumatic drive, for which the checkbox is located on the KP lever.

Open-type cardan transmission consists of two tubular shafts. Cardan hinge - on needle bearings with a permanent lubrication margin. The main transfer of leading bridges is made double: a pair of conical gears with special teeth and a pair of cylindrical axes gears. In the middle bridge, the inter-axis symmetric differential, distributing the moment between the bridges. If necessary, the driver could block the differential from the cockpit.

Specifications KAMAZ-5320:

wheel formula - 6 × 4;
curb weight - 7184 kg;
load capacity - 8000 kg;
load capacity of the towing trailer - 8000 kg;
load capacity of the road train - 16000 kg;
maximum speed of the road train - 85 km / h;
brake path of the road train with a full load from a speed of 40 km / h - 21 m;
control consumption of the fuel of the road train - 85 l / 100 km;
fuel supply - 170 liters.

Steering

Steering type screw with nut on circulating balls with a hydraulic fluoretide, which is combined with a steering mechanism.

Cabin

Triple bakingless cabin KAMAZ-5320 was attached to the frame and was located over the engine, which provided better visibility Driver and increased the area of \u200b\u200bthe freight platform. Such a layout has reduced wheel base And improved the truck maneuverability. To ensure access to the engine, the cabin with the help of a torsion mechanism has been folded forward.

Inside the cabin there are three seats with adjustments in the longitudinal direction, in the height and corner of the tilt of the back and with folding armrests. Driving seat is equipped with hardness adjustable torsion suspension and hydraulic shock absorber.

On the ceiling there are two round lamps and a ventilation hatch.

In the workplace of the KAMAZ-5320 car, the driver was located with a steering wheel and a combined switch. The combined switch was responsible for:

the inclusion of far and melee light headlights, overall lights and lighting the instrument panel;
turn signs;
sound signal.

The steering column was located the instrument panel on which control lamps, speedometer, tachometer, etc. were placed.

For the heating of KAMAZ-5320, the engine cooling system is carried out from the engine cooling system using a water radiator with a crane, two fans with electric motors, hot air distributors with dampers and controls.

Cargo platform

Behind the cabin on the frame installed a metal platform with three folding sides. The platform was equipped with removable arcs and an awning to protect the cargo from bad weather.

The foundation of the KAMAZ-5320 truck platform consists of a frame that is formed by transverse beams, amplifiers, side, rear and front strapping and eight wooden floor shields connected by metal placams. Side and back boards are folding, and the front side is hard attached to the base of the platform. The back board has steps and chains that hold it in a horizontal open position.

Bords are locked up by corner and side constipation. In the side and framework of the base of the platform, nests are provided for installation of six frame racks, which are interconnected by arcs and struts. At the bottom of the tent there are holes for fastening it with a cable to sealing ears.

In front of the platform on the left side, a toolbox is installed, and the Shagent tool is fixed under platform with special clamps.

Overall dimensions of KAMAZ-5320:

length - 7395 mm;
width - 2500 mm;
height - 2830 mm;
base of rear trolley - 1320 mm;
king of the front wheels - 2010 mm;
track rear wheels - 1850 mm;
road clearance - 385 mm;
loading height - 1370 mm.

Maintenance

The on-board truck KAMAZ-5320 for the convenience of maintenance had a significant advantage in comparison with similar trucks: the number of lubricant points is reduced, self-stroke fixing parts are applied, adjustment stability is increased.

The design of the car provided the possibility of operation in various climatic conditions. The engine provided start at temperatures up to -10 degrees without heating. To start at lower temperatures, the thermostat was provided, and in case of a start-up of a 40-degree frost, there were means of preheating coolant and oil.

Modernization of KAMAZ-5320

In 1980, KAMAZ-5320 during the modernization received a new front bumper with rectangular openings for the front lights and fog lights FG-152.

Technical characteristics of the KAMAZ-5320 car and its modifications

Currently, the Kama Automotive Plant produces a family of trucks, the basic for which is the KAMAZ-5320 car tractor.

Cars of this family have a general transmission and can be operated on the roads of all categories, taking into account the allowed axial load up to 6000 ... 8000 kgf (60 ... 80 kN) and on ground country roads, except for periods of snow drifts and road dissolves. All these machines have the same overall layout at which the folding cab is placed above the engine, and the wheel formula is 6 × 4.

KAMAZ-5320 car tractor (Fig. 1.1) is equipped with a three-bed cabin, a metal cargo platform, an awning on a removable metal frame. Mass of transported cargo 8000 kg. It is designed to work with the GKB-8350 trailer, the total weight of which is 11,500 kg, and the mass of transported cargo is 8000 kg. The overall and some layout dimensions of the KAMAZ-5320 car tractor are shown in Fig. 1.2.

On the KAMAZ-5320 car, a V-shaped eight-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine model 740 is 210 liters. with. (155 kW) at 2600 rpm (260 rad / s), which develops the maximum torque of 65 kgf m (650 N) at 1400 ... 1700 rpm (140 ... 170 rad / s). Transmission mechanical, multistage. The transmission applied a five-speed gearbox with a two-step transmissions, which ensures the receipt of ten gears for moving forward and two gears for the movement by reverse. In the leading average and rear bridges, a double main gear is applied, consisting of a pair of conical and pairs of cylindrical gears. In the drive to the wheels of leading bridges behind the main gears, conventional conical intercliest differentials are established.

A feature of the drive to the leading bridges is the presence of an inter-axis with forced blocking a conical differential providing low resistance when driving in good road conditions without blocking the differential, the possibility of obtaining maximum traction force in severe road conditions when blocking the differential.

Fig. 1.1. Car tractor KAMAZ-5320

Fig. 1.2. Overall and layout dimensions of car tractor KAMAZ-5320

One of the features of the transmission of the KAMAZ-5320 car is the use of remote pneumatic and hydraulic Systems With amplifiers to facilitate clutch management, gear divider, gearbox and inter-axis differential.

Much attention in the design of KAMAZ-5320 is paid to improving the safety and relief control of the car. Steering is equipped with a hydraulic amplifier. The brake system provides high reliability of work and ease of control in combination with high brake properties. The car uses pneumatic drive to the brakes and work brakes, parking brake, trailer brake system, auxiliary gas-dynamic brake of a compression type and a spare brake acting on brake mechanisms Wheel rear trolley.

Suspension dependent on semi-elliptic springs. The front suspension is equipped with telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers, "which increases the reliability of the suspension and the smoothness of the stroke, provides movement along uneven roads with increased speeds. Rear suspension Balancing with reactive rods.

The KAMAZ-5320 car has high performance and technical properties. It develops speed up to 80 ... 100 km / h depending on the magnitude of the gear ratio of the main transmission.

The acceleration time at full load from a speed of 20 km / h to 60 km / h does not exceed 45 s, and when moving with a trailer -60 s. The reserve of the fuel control consumption is 1040 km. The overcomed lift with the full load is 35%. Car KAMAZ-5320 is suitable for operation in a wide range climatic conditions At temperatures from plus 50 to minus 40 ° C.

For more efficient execution different species Trucking on the basis of a car-tractor KAMAZ-5320 Production association KAMAZ produces a number of modifications.

KAMAZ-5410 saddle tractor is designed to work with the semi-trailer ODE-9370 with a carrying capacity of 13,500 kg with a complete mass of the loaded semi-trailer 19 100 kg. The cabin cabin is equipped with a sleeping place.

Car tractor KAMAZ-53112 has a lot of cargo transported up to 10,000 kg, an enlarged wheelbase. The cabin is equipped with a sleeping place. Loading platform of increased size. The car is designed to work with the GKB-8350 trailer.