The layout of the tractor driver's workplace. Requirements for tractor cabins Overview is paramount

The cab is the part of the tractor in which the tractor driver is located during work. All controls are located in it.

Working 14-16 hours a day during spring field work, the tractor driver must be in a comfortable and safe environment, where all the necessary noise, vibration, dust content, as well as a comfortable temperature and microclimate are observed. The cabs of modern tractors make it possible to fulfill all these requirements and protect the tractor driver from the external environment.

The work of a tractor driver is not easy. In the process, strong shaking, a large amount of dust, and a high ambient temperature are inevitable. Therefore, the cab design must fully meet all the requirements for the tractor driver's workplace, for his working conditions. An airtight design is important here, preventing the ingress of dust and moisture. The equipment installed inside the cab should create a comfortable temperature and microclimate in the tractor driver's working area, and a large glazing area will provide excellent visibility.

Fastening the cab to the tractor frame via rubber shock absorbers reduces the level of noise and vibrations transmitted from the engine and transmission during operation. The height-adjustable seat and steering wheel of the tractor will comfortably accommodate both a short driver and a tall tractor driver.

Cabs that are installed on MTZ tractors are divided into two main types:

unified cab of the UK;
small MK cabin, manufactured with reduced overall height.

In conditions when the tractor is used mainly as a row crop, as well as in other cases where the height does not play any role, unified UK cabins are used.

Convenience of the cabin - in a large space above the head of the tractor driver, which in some cases is of no small importance. But very often the height of the cab, and with it the entire tractor, is of decisive importance. Such situations usually arise when the tractor is operating in different rooms. These can be warehouses, buildings for keeping livestock, as well as other buildings and structures. In such cases, machines with a small MK cab are used. The installation of such a cab reduces the overall height of the tractor by 300 mm - from 2850 to 2550 mm - and makes it easy to use it in a wider range of tasks.

In terms of the interior arrangement, both cabins are practically the same. They are equally comfortable and convenient for the driver, they are interchangeable and the replacement of one type for another does not require any changes and alterations in the tractor design.

Construction and interior arrangement

The cab of a modern MTZ tractor has a rigid frame and a fully sealed structure. It is attached through rubber shock-absorbing cushions, which significantly reduces the vibrations that occur during operation. The heating and ventilation unit provides a comfortable temperature and microclimate of the interior space, and if desired, you can open the hatch on the roof or the rear window. A comfortable fit of the tractor driver is provided by a torsion bar seat with a hydraulic shock absorber, adjustable in height and height.

The cabin is equipped with a sun visor, a lighting shade, and coat hangers. The convenience of getting in and out of the car is provided by steps and handrails, as well as a folding steering wheel. The steering column is also vertically adjustable, which allows you to choose a comfortable position for a tractor driver of any size.

Comes with a first aid kit and a water container. Also, MTZ tractors can be equipped with air conditioning, which is extremely important when working in the summer. Mirrors are located on the outer frame. With the help of a special device, it is possible to fix the tractor doors in the open position, which adds convenience when the driver gets into and out of the tractor.

Review above all else

A distinctive feature of MTZ tractor cabs is excellent visibility. It is achieved through a significant degree of glazing in its elements - a large windshield and side windows, almost completely glazed doors, a rear window, and even a sunroof. There are additional viewing windows on the cab walls. Large adjustable rear-view mirrors located outside the cab also add visibility. In any situation, the tractor driver has the opportunity to see almost everything that happens outside, which is especially important both during field work and when working inside buildings and structures, when work is carried out in a confined space and the driver needs to “feel” the dimensions of the tractor with great accuracy.

Sizes of glasses of tractors Belarus MTZ-80/82
Tractor model	Cabin	A type	Dimensions, mm
MTZ-80	Old	Frontal	1044x656
	New	Wind	1245x915
	New	Wind bottom	434x278
	Old	Windshield rear	1040x655
	New	Rear	1195x840
	New	Lateral	770x640
	Old	Lateral	765x630
	New	a door	765x600
	Old	a door	630x450
	MK	Lateral	475x225
	MK	a door	659x453
MTZ-82	UK	Lateral	767x642
	UK	Lateral	868x749
	UK	a door	763x608
	UK	Rear	1205x841
	UK	Front	1267x921

The design of the MT3 tractor cab allows you to almost completely eliminate "blind" visibility zones for the tractor driver and provide excellent visibility in all directions. During precipitation, electric type wipers installed on the front and rear windows of the cab will help. They have several modes, from which you can always choose a convenient one, depending on the intensity of precipitation. Thermal absorbing glass is used for the glazing of the cabin, which avoids excessive heating of the air inside the cabin during the hot season.

Interior decoration

In the manufacture of cabins for MTZ tractors, modern high-quality and environmentally friendly materials are used. This applies both to those materials from which the supporting part of the frame is assembled, and materials for interior decoration. The cab is made of sheet steel and has a frame structure. The strength of the materials and precise design calculations ensure the safety of the tractor driver in critical situations, for example, when overturning and even overturning the tractor.

It is also important what materials are used for the interior decoration of the tractor cab. For its arrangement, modern sound-absorbing and heat-absorbing materials are used to sheathe the interior of the cabin. There are rubber carpets on the floor to fix the feet in the desired position and prevent them from slipping off the pedals.

All materials used in the manufacture of cabins are certified and comply with environmental standards and are safe for the life and health of the operating personnel. The materials from which the interior trim elements are made have neutral gray colors that do not irritate the eyes and do not distract the tractor driver from his work.

We control the parameters

The instrument panel serves to control the operating parameters of all the main components, assemblies and mechanisms of the tractor. It is located on the front panel of the cab right in front of the tractor driver's eyes and includes a standard set of instruments and warning lights. This is a speedometer, an oil pressure and engine temperature gauge, on-board electrical network control devices and others.

The devices have a familiar round shape and are located in an easy-to-read combination. A quick, experienced look at the instrument panel is enough to adequately assess the parameters of the tractor's systems. If any indicator is out of permissible limits, bright warning lamps immediately signalize, allowing you to make a decision to stop the operation of the machine and start troubleshooting the problem.

For work in the dark, the instrument panel has a light illumination, when turned on, the instrument readings are easy to read. All devices are of the dial type with a scale divided into zones. Under normal operating parameters of the tractor mechanisms, the instrument arrows should be in the green zone of the scale. The exit of the instrument arrows from the green zone indicates deviations in the tractor operation. In this situation, work stops until the problem is clarified and eliminated.

Governing bodies

Correct and convenient arrangement of the controls is of paramount importance in the convenience and safety of tractor control. This applies to both the control of the main working operations of the tractor and auxiliary functions, such as headlights, control of wipers, interior heating and others. The floor of the cab contains the brake and clutch pedals, as well as the accelerator pedal. The control pedals are equipped with rubber pads that ensure the fixation of the leg and prevent it from jumping off, which is an important detail in terms of safety.

To the right of the driver are the tractor operating controls. They are located ergonomically and conveniently, which increases the precision of control mechanisms. For clarity, a diagram of the purpose of the levers, combinations of their positions and combinations is located in front of the driver's eyes.

The steering wheel is a comfortable size, fits well in the hand and has a horn button in the middle. Below the steering wheel are the direction indicator switch and the washer switch. The controls for the auxiliary functions of the tractor are also conveniently located. The switches are located on the instrument panel in an easily accessible place and have a light indication of switching on.

Microclimate

The microclimate in the tractor cabin is of particular importance. In summer, when the tractor is constantly working in the open air, the temperature inside the cab can reach 50-60 degrees Celsius. The air conditioner significantly lowers the temperature in the cab to an acceptable 23-25 \u200b\u200bdegrees, providing a comfortable environment for the tractor driver. A modern multi-stage filtration system is used to clean the air entering the cabin. This is extremely important, since during field work there is a significant amount of dust outside the tractor, which can often contain chemical elements that are harmful to the respiratory tract. This applies to work with fertilizers, chemicals for pest control of others.

The air conditioner has two main versions:

engine compartment;
rooftop.

During work in the autumn-winter period, the air inside the cabin must, on the contrary, be warmed up to a comfortable temperature. A powerful stove, connected to the tractor engine cooling system, perfectly copes with this task. The stove has several modes of operation, which allows you to set the desired temperature, regardless of the weather outside. The stove also plays another important role - preventing glass fogging during precipitation in the form of rain and snow. In the warm season, the stove can be disconnected from the cooling system using a special tap.

Dismantling

Sooner or later, there will be cases when it is required to dismantle the tractor cab. This is sometimes necessary both for repairing the cab itself, and for gaining access to some components and assemblies of the tractor, such as the rear axle, gearbox, clutch and others. The cab can also be removed if it is replaced with a new or similar one.

Dismantling the MTZ tractor cab is a rather laborious process, therefore it should be carried out by specialized repair enterprises with the necessary equipment and qualified trained personnel. But if necessary and the presence of lifting equipment, this work can be done independently.

The procedure for removing and installing the cab is described in detail in the repair documentation for the tractor.
To dismantle the assembly, remove the rear radiator cover and disconnect the control rods. After that, dismantle the control pedals and disassemble the cab mount to the brackets. Then disconnect the starter wire and disconnect the instrument panel.

Next, remove the handles of the gearbox and reduction gear, remove the handles from the control levers of the reduction gear and gearbox. Then the tachospeedometer cable, signal wires and headlights are dismantled. Having removed the mat and the floor box, you need to start removing the fuel pedal. After that, the floor is removed. To do this, first unscrew the fastening bolts inside the cab and below it. Next, the sector and the power regulator lever are removed. Then, after disconnecting the wires and removing the batteries, the tractor cab is removed with a lifting mechanism. After carrying out repair work, the cabin is installed in its original place in the reverse order.

Repairs

During operation, it is necessary to carefully and carefully monitor the condition of the tractor cab, and timely carry out the necessary maintenance. Much attention is paid to this condition of metal parts and paintwork. Minor scratches and other damage must be removed immediately to avoid corrosion. You should also periodically carefully inspect the glass seals for leaks. Replace damaged seals immediately with new ones.

You should periodically pay attention to the state of heat and sound insulation. Operation of the cab with broken or cracked glass is not allowed. Such glasses must be replaced with new ones. Tractor door hinges should be periodically lubricated with grease.

Repair of the MTZ tractor cab after damage as a result of accidents or overturning of the tractor should be carried out in specialized repair shops with the appropriate equipment. Such workshops can also advise on the suitability of a damaged cab for repair and the feasibility of replacing it. Minor cosmetic and technical repairs of the tractor cab can be performed on your own due to the good maintainability of MTZ tractors even in the field. During the work on the removal and installation of the cab, it is necessary to be guided by the documentation for the tractor, as well as to strictly comply with the requirements of safety regulations when performing these types of work.

One of the most serious dangers to which a tractor driver is exposed is the possibility of injury in an emergency. For example, wheel agricultural tractors of a classic layout are characterized by tipping to one side, while the tractor can make several revolutions. Industrial tractors are characterized by lateral overturning through the cab roof and stones falling onto the roof when working in quarries or mining operations. For forestry tractors, trees, twigs and branches may fall onto the cab.

A wide variety of design solutions for cab protective devices are classified according to design and the number of vertical power elements (Fig. 13.1).

At the same time, two- and multi-post (four- and six-post) frames can be built into the cab or located outside it in the office. In addition, the cabins are classified according to their technical design into stamped, frame and combined cabins.

Operating conditions and typical types of emergency situations led to the use of four-six-column frames for cabins of agricultural tractors. In some cases, these tractors are equipped with two-post frames with a reinforced front part of the roof and a front cab post.

During installation, the multiple protective frames form a supporting element for the cab panels fixed to it. The rigid frame is formed by the cab body, which is made in the form of a single unit installed on the tractor using rubber vibration isolators, and the opaque panels are lined with heat and sound insulating materials from the inside. In this case, the cab body can be made from stamped elements and from shaped and thick-plate rolled products.

In fig. 13.2 shows the cab body of an agricultural tractor, made of stamped steel with a thickness of 1 ... 1.25 mm. Body parts - front 1 , left 6 and right 2 side panels, roof 3 , left 5 and right 4 racks, rear panel 8 , left 7 and right 9 the sills are assembled into a common unit by welding in an assembly jig.

Rice . 13.1. Cab classification according to the use of tractor driver protection devices :

a - cabins of agricultural tractors ( I, II, III- respectively, a four-, six-tier and two-post frame); b- cabins of industrial tractors with an arch-type frame ( IV -the structure of the RPS is integrated into the structure of the cab; V -separate execution of the cab and the protective cage (ROPS); в- cabins of forestry and forestry tractors ( VI -arch-type frames FOPS andROPS are built into the cab structure; Vii- FOPS frames with all bearing racks; VIII- an arch-type protective frame is located outside the cab

In fig. 13.3 shows the structure of the cabin body, made of rolled plate. The cab body contains two rigid belts, one of which is formed by a bent profile 10 the foundation-

niya, side profile posts 8 and 12 and profile jumper 6 , and the second - rear pillars 4 and 15 , jumper 2 , side-wines 3 and 16 and rear roof cross member 1 ... Both rigid belts are connected by longitudinal ties 5 , 7 , 13 , 14 and form a closed system to which the faceplate is attached 9 formed from profiled rolled products and parts bent from sheet. The floor is welded to the bottom rail of the frame 11 made of sheet steel.

Rice . 13.3. Cab body made of thick sheet metal

as a result, it can be crushed by the tractor. To increase safety, the glazed cab openings are sometimes fenced off with a metal mesh that protects the tractor driver in the cab and from penetrating objects. In order to protect the tractor driver from being thrown out of the cab, seat belts (such as auto-mobile) are sometimes used.

In order to quickly get out of the cab in a post-accident situation, the tractor driver is provided with an emergency hatch in the cab roof (see Fig. 13.2). In the event of a tractor overturning, if there is no hatch, the tractor driver can get out of the cab into any convenient opening in the cab, since the glass of stalinite in such an accident usually crumbles. Glazed windows are also emergency exits. Therefore, there must be means in the cab that can break or expose the emergency exit glass in case of an emergency.

To ensure the safety of tractor drivers (operators) during rollover, tractors are equipped with protective cabins or ROPS andFOPS protection devices. ROPS andFOPS protective cages protect the driver (operator), respectively, when the tractor overturns and from falling objects. ROPS protects the operator in all possible rollover situations under the following conditions: driving at speeds up to 16 km / h on a clay surface with a maximum slope of 300, rollover at 3600 relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine without losing contact with the supporting surface.

On industrial tractors, the design of the machine must provide the ability to install ROPS protective devices to ensure that the volume of deformation limitation (safety zones in the cab) is maintained in case of accidental falling on the cab of objects or when the tractor overturns. Unlike an agricultural tractor, the cab of an industrial tractor should not have a rigid frame. Here the protective device is located outside the cab.

Rice . 13.4. Protective device and cab of an industrial tractor :

a - protective device; b- cabin

The protective device contains a U-shaped split frame made of a rectangular section profile, to which

xy the protective visor is attached. The lower ends of the U-shaped frame struts are attached to the tractor frame. The cab is also attached to the tractor frame and covered from above with a protective device.

The cabins of forestry and forestry tractors are similar in design to those of agricultural tractors, but they have an additional device (FOPS) to protect against falling objects and from the penetration of trees into the cab during their transportation and performing technological operations. To protect the operator of industrial and forestry tractors from falling objects, the visor or roof of the cab is made of a metal sheet designed for an impact energy of 11.6 kJ.

13.2. Cabins and car bodies

The car body is designed to accommodate the driver and passengers, various cargoes, special equipment, as well as to protect them from external influences. In addition, the load-bearing body serves to fasten all units and mechanisms of the car, it perceives all the loads and forces that act on the car when driving. It is the most important structural, material-intensive and expensive part of a car.

Automobile bodies are classified according to their purpose: cargo, passenger cars, bus, cargo-passenger, special; by design: frame, semi-frame, frameless; by load: bearing, semi-bearing, unloaded. The cargo body is the working equipment of the vehicle (see subsection 12.4).

The cargo body is designed for the transportation of all kinds of cargo, passenger (passenger and bus) - people, cargo carrier - people and cargo, and a special one - for various equipment (laboratory, medical, etc.).

The red body has a rigid spatial frame, to which the outer and inner linings are attached, and takes all the loads of the vehicle. The liners do not carry loads. The body is used on modern buses and some cars.

The half-shell (skeleton) body has only separate parts of the frame (racks, arcs, amplifiers), which are connected to each other by external and internal linings. All body loads are taken together by the frame parts and linings. Such bodies are used in passenger cars and buses. All-metal cabins of trucks are also made semi-frame.

A frameless (lumpy) body does not have a rigid space frame. It is a body (shell) consisting of large stamped parts and panels welded together into a spatial system. In order for such a body to have the necessary rigidity, parts and panels are given a certain shape and section. All loads are taken up by its body. The bodies of most modern passenger cars are made frameless, since they are very technologically advanced in production (automatic welding of body panels can be carried out on a conveyor belt), as well as all-metal cabins of trucks.

The non-existent body has no frame and absorbs all forces and loads acting on the vehicle. Most modern passenger cars (except for the top class) and buses are equipped with monocoque bodies.

The full body, rigidly connected to the frame, absorbs part of the load on the frame. Such bodies are used on buses.

The loaded box is not rigidly connected to the frame. It is installed on the frame through spacers, on pillows and, apart from the load from the transported cargo, does not perceive any other loads. It is used on trucks, as well as on luxury cars and off-road vehicles.

The cab of a truck is intended for the driver and passengers accompanying the transported goods.

Truck cabins are classified according to:

According to the number of places: single, double, triple;

By layout: bonnet, bonnet.

The most widespread cabins for trucks are double and triple cabins. Single cabins are commonly used on mining trucks and mobile cranes.

The bonneted cab consists of two volumes. It has a volume for accommodating the driver and passengers and a volume for the engine, which is placed in front of the driver with passengers.

The cabover cab is one-volume. It combines the engine compartment with the driver's compartment and is located under the cab. The cabover cab, in comparison with the bonnet one, allows more rational use of the overall length of the vehicle (to increase the dimensions of the cargo body), improve the road visibility for the driver.

C a b in a g u z o g about a in t o b and l I ZIL - 4 1 3 4 1 0 (Fig.13.5) - bonnet, all-metal, rigid, welded, three - local, with one-piece panoramic non-opening glass of the wind window. The front glass is installed in the cab window opening using a special rubber seal. The cab is fixed at three points on brackets 20 and 26 frames. The body also includes the plumage, which covers those parts of the car that are located outside the cab: the hood, fenders, radiator grille, steps.

Rice . 13.5. ZIL car cab – 413410 with suspension nodes :

1,4 - respectively lower and upper pillows ; 2, 5, 16, 22 - bolts; 3 - bushing; 6 -mirror holder; 7 - movable mirror strut; 8 - mirror assembly; 9 - bonnet seal; 10 - windshield glass; 11 - a window; 12 - door glass; 13 - rear window; 14, 24 - frame side members; 15 - earring assembly; 17 -plane; 18 - support sleeve; 19 - rubber cushion; 20 - rear bracket; 21 - rivet; 23 - frame cross member; 25 - cab door; 26 - right and left brackets

Rear-view mirrors 8 are installed on special brackets outside the cab on the left and right sides. The driver's seat is equipped with a sun visor.

The cab doors have drop-down windows and pivot points. The door windows are lifted and securely fixed in the raised position by single-lever windows.

The cab doors, left and right, have locks that can be opened from the outside with a key and from the inside with a handle. The lock stopper in the lower position prevents the doors from opening from the outside. To open the pivot window of the door, turn the lock handle by first pressing its button.

C a b in and g u z o in about g about and in t o b l I C a m A Z without a hood is located above the engine, tiltable, three-seat, all-metal, welded Fig.13.6.

It is equipped with sound and thermal insulation. The outer panels of the cab have a vibration damping and anti-corrosion coating.

The cockpit windshield is blind with flat, angled glass. Glazed polished, three-layer (triplex type). Door glass and rear window glass are tempered, non-polished.

Rice 13.6. General view of the cab of the KamAZ car

The cab is fastened to the frame at four points: with the help of rubber cushions in front and two quarter springs equipped with shock absorbers in the rear of the cab.

The front cab is fitted with a balancing mechanism.

The cab is fixed to the frame by two mechanical locking devices on the left and right sides, acting independently of each other, and the right locking device has a fuse.

The cab is equipped with two rear-view mirrors mounted on brackets that extend beyond the vehicle's width.

The cab doors have swivel vents, glass with a lifting and lowering mechanism, locks with external and internal handles.

The door lock is unlocked from the outside by pressing the handle button, and from the inside by turning the handle towards you. The body of the lock is made in one piece with a wedge of installation, which fixes the door in the opening. When closing

door wedge enters between the retainer bracket and the door opening post. The windows of the cab doors are tempered, unpolished, they move in the guides with the help of single-lever power windows with a mechanical drive. There is a brake mechanism in the power window drive, thanks to which the glass can be fixed in any desired position. Mounting and dismantling of locks, glass lifters and glass is carried out through the hatch of the inner door panel.

Bodies of passenger cars are distinguished by a wide variety of

raziem. The shape of the body, the number of doors, seats and its capacity depend on the type and purpose of the car.

Passenger car bodies are distinguished by the number of doors, rows of seats and roof structure.

Cars can be: two-, three-, four- and five-door; with one, two and three rows of seats; closed and convertible.

Most mass-produced passenger cars have monocoque bodies. This allows them to lower their center of mass, reduce the overall height and metal consumption of the structure.

All-metal structural frameless bodies are usually made of sheet steel. The body of such a body is a welded structure.

By the number of volumes, the bodies of passenger cars are made of one-volume, two-volume and three-volume:

If the compartments for the engine, driver and passengers and luggage are combined, then such a body is called one-volume;

The two-volume body has two compartments. One compartment houses the engine, and the other contains passengers and luggage (VAZ-1111, VAZ-2108, VAZ-2111 cars);

The three-volume body has three compartments. In one compartment the engine is located, in the other - passengers, and in the third - luggage (cars GAZ-31029 "Volga", GAZ-3110 "Volga", VAZ-2110, "Lada-Priora", VAZ-1118 "Kalina " and etc.).

Bodies of passenger cars are made both closed and

and opening.

Closed bodies with significant strength, durability and passive safety are the most widespread. They have a rigid closed body with a metal roof and rigid doors with sliding glass.

The working conditions on the tractor largely determine the productivity of the MTA, since due to the increase in the energy saturation of the tractor, the speed of performing technological and transport operations, the number of machines and implements aggregated with the tractor, the functional activity of the tractor driver becomes more complicated. Thanks to the rational design of the tractor control station, it is possible to significantly reduce the fatigue of the tractor driver, save him from inconveniences in his work, increase labor productivity and, most importantly, reduce the risk of general and professionally caused morbidity.

The tractor cab with the appropriate equipment must protect the tractor driver from serious injuries in accidents, reduce the level of noise and vibrations, have good visibility, convenient entry and exit, as well as the placement of controls and a seat corresponding to the anthropometric data of the tractor driver. The microclimate in the cabin must be maintained regardless of changes in external conditions. The ventilation system must supply air free of dust and harmful impurities.

The cab determines the composition and the nature of the shaping of the machine as a whole. A rationally designed cab, which creates comfortable working conditions for the tractor driver, requires significant material costs. Suffice it to note that the cost of a modern tractor cab is 40 ... 50% of the cost of the machine as a whole.

16.1. Protective cabins

One of the most serious dangers to which a tractor driver is exposed is the possibility of injury in an emergency. So, for wheeled agricultural tractors of a classic layout, it is characteristic to overturn to one side, while the tractor can make several revolutions. Industrial tractors are characterized by lateral overturning through the cab roof and stones falling onto the roof when working in quarries or mining operations. For tracked forestry tractors, trees, twigs and branches may fall onto the cab.

A wide variety of design solutions for cab protective devices are classified according to design and the number of vertical power elements. At the same time, two - and many -

single (four - and six - column) frames can be built into the cab or located outside it around the office. In addition, the cabins are classified according to their technical design into stamped, frame and combined.

An example two-post frame, on which the remaining elements of the cab fence can be fixed, is the structure shown in Fig. 16.1. On the housing of the semi-axles of the rear wheels of the tractor, there are struts 6 and 7, inclined backward so that their upper ends are above the rear part of the tractor driver's seat. The section of the upper ends of the struts is less than the section of their base.

Figure: 16.1. Protective fencing of the tractor driver's workplace:

a - rigid two-post frame with a roof; b - installation of a rigid frame on the tractor; c - installation of a cab with a rigid two-post frame on a tractor.

The structure has a horizontal cross member 5, which holds the upper ends of the racks and serves to install the roof 4 with cross members 1 and 3 and longitudinal ties 2 and 8. To crosspiece 1

the front wall of the cabin 9 is attached, to the longitudinal ties 2 and 8 - the side walls 10 and 11, and to the cross member 5 - the rear wall 12 of the cabin. Thus, having a two-post frame with an upper cross member as a rigid element, it is possible, by hanging additional elements on it, to obtain an awning or a closed cabin on the tractor.

Such devices, which were previously widespread especially abroad, have a significant drawback: the cabin floor is the upper part of the transmission housing, which causes a significant level of noise at the workplace. Currently, similar two-post frames with a protective roof are used only on industrial tractors to protect the cab from falling objects.

On agricultural tractors, multi-post protective cages, which when installed

ke form a supporting element for the panels of the car fixed on it. The rigid frame is formed by the cab body, which is made in the form of a single unit installed on the tractor using rubber vibration isolators, and the opaque panels are lined with heat and noise insulating materials from the inside. In this case, the cabin body can be made from stamped elements and from profiled and thick-plate products.

In fig. 16.2 shows the cab body of an agricultural tractor, made of stamped steel with a thickness of 1 ... 1.25 mm. Body parts - front 1, left 6 and right 2 side panels, roof 3, left 5 and right 4 pillars, rear panel 8, left 7 and right 9 sills are assembled into a common unit by welding in an assembly jig. This technology is widely used in the automotive industry and provides high precision and the required quality of manufacturing cabins at a relatively low cost in a large-scale production.

In fig. 16.3 shows the structure of the cabin body made of rolled plate. The cab body contains two rigid belts, one of which is formed by a curved profile 10 of the base, side profile posts 8 and 12 and a profile lintel 6, and the second - by rear uprights 4 and 15, a lintel 2, sidewalls 3 and 16 and a rear roof cross member 1. Both rigid belts are connected by longitudinal ties 5, 7, 13, 14 and form a closed system to which the front panel 9 is attached, formed from shaped rolled products and parts bent from a sheet. The floor 11 of sheet steel is welded to the bottom rail of the frame.

Figure: 16.2. Cab body and stamped elements:

a - general view; b - constituent elements

Figure: 16.3. Cab body made of thick sheet metal

Figure: 16.4. Cotton growing tractor with frame cab

The frame cab made of standard rolled rectangular tubular section is used on the T-25A tractor and the cotton-growing tractor (Fig. 16.4).

Six vertical tubular struts of rectangular cross-section of the cabin frame are connected by longitudinal and transverse beams. Thus, the three vertically mounted closed frames are interconnected. The rigidity of the frame connection is increased by installing gussets stamped from sheet steel. The cab is equipped with sliding doors and has relatively large glazing (64%), with the entire front frame glazing. Glasses are installed on the cab frame with special rubber seals.

The advantages of frame cabins in comparison with cabins made of stamped elements are:

less weight of the cabin due to the use of non-metallic materials for fencing;

30 ... 40% less metal consumption; simplified cab modification depending on and demand for

The indicated positive qualities of frame cabins with the use of standard rolled products in the design have led to their widespread use on tractors.

The disadvantages of this type of cabins include the increased labor intensity of assembly and welding of the body due to the complexity of automation of welding.

In especially severe accidents, when the tractor may turn over by more than 180 ° during a fall, there is a danger of the tractor driver being thrown out of the cab, as a result of which he may be crushed by the tractor. For the

increasing safety glazed cab openings are sometimes fenced off with a metal mesh, which protects the tractor driver in the cab and from penetrating objects. In order to protect the tractor

from being thrown out of the cab, seat belts (such as automobile ones) are sometimes used.

When working on the ice of frozen water bodies, it may be necessary to quickly leave the tractor driver's cab. For this purpose, an emergency hatch is provided in the cab roof (see fig. 16.2). In the event of a tractor overturning, if there is no hatch, the tractor driver can get out of the cab into any convenient cab opening, since the glass from stalinite usually crumbles during such an accident. In accordance with GOST 12.2.120, emergency exits are glazed windows. Therefore, there must be means in the cab that can break or expose the emergency exit glass in an emergency.

On industrial tractors, in accordance with GOST 12.2.121, the design of the machine must ensure the possibility of installing, at the request of the customer, protective devices that ensure the preservation of the volume of deformation limitation (safety zones in the cab) in case of accidental falling on the cab of objects or when overturning the tractor. Unlike an agricultural tractor, the cab of an industrial tractor should not have a rigid frame designed to withstand the machine tipping over. The protective device is located outside the cab (fig. 16.5).

Figure: 16.5. Protective device and cab of an industrial tractor:

a - protective device; b - cabin

The protective device contains a U-shaped split frame made of a rectangular section profile, to which a protective visor is attached from above. The lower ends of the U-shaped frame struts are attached to the tractor frame. The cab is also attached to the tractor frame and covered from above with a protective device.

The parameters of the operator's workplace should be set based on the anthropometric data of the operators, i.e. the base point of measurement should be closely related to the operator. In the automotive industry, the hip point is taken as the base point, located at the intersection of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the seat with the theoretical axis of rotation of the thigh relative to the human torso. The human torso is imitated by a mannequin. Considering the complexity of manufacturing the dummy itself, as well as certain difficulties for the testers to install it, especially on powerful tractors with a single cab (the need to raise the dummy to a great height), a device for determining the base point has been simplified in tractor construction. The point in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the seat, in which plane 7, tangent to the rear surface of the lower part of the back of the device for determining TOC (Fig.1.1), and the horizontal plane // intersecting the lower surface, intersect as the base (or reference point of the seat TOC) the base of the device at a distance of 150 mm in front of the plane I. To determine the TOC, the device is installed so that its longitudinal plane of symmetry coincides with the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the seat. The device is then loaded with a force of 550 N, acting vertically at a point 50 mm in front of point A, with both parts of the back of the device being pressed slightly against the seat back. If it is not possible to ensure a stable contact of the device with the lower part of the seat back, then only the lower part of its back is set vertically and slightly pressed against the seat back. If it is not possible to ensure a stable contact of the device in the upper part of the seat back, then both parts of its back are placed vertically and lightly pressed against the seat back. The seat reference point is to a certain extent also related to the operator - it lies in the plane of symmetry of the operator on the line of intersection of the planes tangent to the back and to the hip joints. The inconvenience of using the TOC is due to the fact that when directly measuring it on the tractor, the position of the device loaded with a force of 550 N is determined relative to some basic element (for example, the floor of the cab), and then the dimensions are transferred to the drawing. It is also possible to install vertical struts on both sides of the seat, connected by a jumper or cable in the area where the

the line of intersection of the planes tangent to the pillow and back of the device.

To determine the size and design of the workplace of the operator of earth-moving machines, the seat reference point (CCP) is taken as the base, at which the vertical plane passing through the center line of the seat and the theoretical axis of rotation of the thigh relative to the human torso intersect. Experimental verification carried out in various countries has shown that the deviation of the CTS from the point of intersection of the torso - thigh does not exceed ± 10 mm. TOC, like TOC, can be defined on the seat itself, set in the workspace on the machine, or installed directly by the seat manufacturer. The device shown in Figure 1.2 is used to determine the CCC. To determine the position of the control point (CCP), the seat is set to the middle position of its adjustments horizontally, vertically, angular positions and by the operator's weight (in the latter case, when a loaded device is placed on the seat). If it is impossible to install the seat in the middle position, then it is adjusted slightly, tilting up and back from the middle position. The suspension mechanism can be locked in the middle position. Non-adjustable suspensions will lock in an upright position when fully loaded on the seat. The method for determining the CTS is as follows. The device (without additional masses) is placed on a seat cushion, previously covered with a cloth to facilitate correct placement, and slid back toward the seat back. Additional masses are installed on the device, bringing the total mass from 6 ± 1 kg (device mass) to 26 ± 1 kg. The point of application of the vertical force created by the additional masses should be located at a distance of 40 mm from the projection of the CCC on the horizontal part of the device. The device, loaded with an additional mass with a horizontal force of 100 N, is pressed against the seat back. Then additional masses are installed on the device, bringing its total mass to 65 ± 1 kg. In this case, the center of application of the vertical force from the additional masses should not change (the mass of an average operator of 75 kg approximately corresponds to the mass of a device of 65 kg, placed on the seat). In two vertical planes drawn on both sides of the seat at equal distances from the longitudinal axial plane of the seat, the coordinates of the points of intersection of these planes with the axis passing through the CTS indicated on the device are determined with an accuracy of ± 10 mm. Next, the arithmetic mean values \u200b\u200bof the results of measuring the CCC in two planes are calculated.

To determine TOC and CTS, devices of different design are used. The methods for measuring these points differ in the force applied to the device: for TOC - 550 N, for KTS - 590 N, and in both cases the estimated operator's mass is 75 kg. In addition, when determining the TOC, the position of the seat adjustments is clearly specified, while the TOC position may vary depending on the position of the seat adjustments.

Agricultural tractors with attached earthmoving equipment are used in industry, therefore, they must meet the requirements of the standards for earthmoving machines. In the presence of two base points, which differ both in the devices for their determination and in the measurement technique, certain difficulties arise due to the need for two sets of documentation for the operator's workplace and conducting a double volume of tests to determine these points. As a compromise solution, taking into account the results of studies to identify the correlation between these points, the following ratio was adopted: the CTS is located 90 mm higher and 140 mm forward relative to the TOC. It is expected that as experience is gained with both points, a single seat base point will be selected. The above definitions of TOC and CTS are needed to design a new cab when modernizing a tractor. The design of a new cab, or rather, the operator's workplace, should begin with the choice of the position of the base point of relatively little-changeable tractor units, for example, the running system, transmission. When directly measuring the operator's workplace, measurements can be made from any point on the device, and then recalculated from the TOC. In 1986, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), taking into account the stability of the definition of CCC, decided to revise the standards using the base point of the operator's workplace from TOC to CCC.

GOST 12.2.120-2005

Group T58

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Occupational safety standards system

CABINS AND WORKPLACES FOR TRACTOR AND SELF-PROPELLED AGRICULTURAL MACHINE OPERATORS

General safety requirements

Occupational safety standards system. Cabs and operator "s workplaces of tractors and powered agricultural machines. General safety requirements

ISS 13.100
65.060.10

Introduction date 2010-07-01

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation "

Information about the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the research and production republican unitary enterprise "Belarusian State Institute for Standardization and Certification (BelGISS)"

2 INTRODUCED by the Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes N 28 of December 9, 2005)

Voted for the adoption of the standard:


Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97		Abbreviated name of the national standardization body
Armenia		Ministry of Trade and Economic Development
Belarus		Gosstandart of the Republic of Belarus
Kazakhstan		Gosstandart of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstandard
Moldova		Moldova-Standard
Russian Federation		Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
Tajikistan		Tajikstandart
Uzbekistan		Uzstandart

4 This standard takes into account the main provisions of the following European Directives:

- 2003/37 / EC Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the type approval of agricultural and forestry tractors, trailers for them and interchangeable towed machines together with their systems, components and individual technical units, repealing Directive 74/150 / EEC;

- 75/321 / EEC Council Directive of 20 May 1975 concerning the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the steering of wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors;

- 76/432 / EEC Council Directive of 6 April 1976 concerning the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the braking devices of wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors;

- 86/415 / EEC Council Directive of 24 July 1986 on the installation, positioning, operation and identification of control devices for agricultural and forestry tractors

5 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of November 10, 2009 N 498-st

6 REPLACE GOST 12.2.120-88

Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard is published in the index "National standards.

Information about changes to this standard is published in the index "National standards", and the text of the changes is published in information indexes "National standards". In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding information will be published in the information index "National standards"

Amendment published in IMS No. 6, 2011

Corrected by the manufacturer of the database

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

This standard applies to cabins and workplaces of operators of tractors, self-propelled agricultural machines, universal energy equipment (hereinafter referred to as machines) and establishes requirements for the size of the minimum space, access systems to the operator's workplace, the location of controls, the operator's working conditions and the protective properties of the cab.

The standard does not apply to small-sized tractors and self-propelled vehicles with a track gauge less than 1150 mm, as well as self-propelled vehicles designed to work in enclosed spaces (greenhouses, livestock farms).

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

GOST 12.2.002.2-91 * Occupational safety standards system. Wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors. Method for static testing of protective structures
_______________
GOST R ISO 3463-2008.

GOST EN 632-2003 Agricultural machines. Combine harvesters and forage harvesters. Safety requirements

GOST EN 894-2-2002 * Safety of machinery. Ergonomic requirements for the design of information display facilities and controls. Part 2. Means of displaying information
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 51341-99 ** is in force.

** Probably a mistake in the original. You should read GOST R 51341-99. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

GOST ISO 2867-2002 * Earth-moving machines. Access systems
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 2867-99 is in force.

GOST ISO 3164-2002 * Earth-moving machines. Protective devices. Deformation limitation volume characteristic in laboratory tests
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 3164-99 is in force.

GOST ISO 3411-2003 * Earth-moving machines. Anthropometric data of operators and minimum working space around the operator
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 3411-99 is in force.

GOST ISO 4252-2005 Agricultural tractors. Operator's workplace, entry and exit. Dimensions

GOST ISO 4253-2005 Agricultural tractors. Operator's seat location. Dimensions

GOST ISO 4254-3-2005 Tractors and machines for agricultural work and forestry. Security technical means. Part 3. Tractors

GOST ISO 4254-7-2005 Tractors and machines for agricultural work and forestry. Security technical means. Part 7. Combine harvesters, forage harvesters and cotton harvesters

GOST ISO 5353-2003 * Earth-moving machines, tractors and machines for agricultural work and forestry. Seat control point
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST 27715-88 is in force.

GOST 5727-88 Safety glass for land transport. General specifications

GOST ISO 8082-2002 * Logging machines, forestry and forestry tractors. Roll-over protection device. Safety requirements and test methods
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 8082-2005 "Self-propelled forest machines. Roll-over protection devices. Technical requirements and test methods"

GOST ISO 8083-2002 * Logging machines, forestry and forestry tractors. Falling object protection device. Safety requirements and test methods
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R ISO 8083-2008 "Machines for the forest. Devices for protection against falling objects. Technical requirements and test methods"

GOST ISO 8084-2002 * Logging machines, forestry and forestry tractors. Operator protection device. Safety requirements and test methods
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 8084-2005 "Machines for the forest. Operator protection devices. Technical requirements and test methods"

GOST ISO 11112-2000 * Earth-moving machines. Operator's seat. Dimensions and specifications
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation GOST 20062-96 "Tractor seat. General technical conditions"

GOST ISO 14269-2-2003 Tractors and self-propelled machines for agricultural work and forestry. Operator workplace environment. Part 2. Test method and performance of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems

GOST ISO 14269-5-2003 Tractors and self-propelled machines for agricultural work and forestry. Operator workplace environment. Part 5. Test method for containment system

GOST 20062-96 Tractor seat. General specifications

GOST 21480-76 "Man-machine" system. Mnemonic diagrams. General ergonomic requirements

GOST 21753-76 "Man-machine" system. Control levers. General ergonomic requirements

GOST 26336-97 * Tractors, machines for agriculture and forestry, self-propelled mechanisms for lawns and gardens. Symbols (symbols) of elements of control systems, maintenance and information display
_______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST 26336-84 "Tractors and agricultural machines, mechanized, lawn and garden equipment. System of symbols for designating controls and means of displaying information. Symbols"

GOST 27258-87 (ISO 6682-86) Earth-moving machines. Comfort and control zones

GOST 30879-2003 (ISO 3795: 1989) * Road vehicles, tractors and machines for agricultural work and forestry. Determination of combustion characteristics of materials for interior trim
________________
* GOST 25076-81 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the referenced standards according to the "National Standards" index, compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information signs published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard, the replacement (modified) standard should be followed. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that does not affect this reference.

3 Requirements for the cab structure

3.1 The reference point of the parameters of the cabs, the zones of the location of the controls is the seat reference point (SIP) according to GOST ISO 5353.

3.2 For a single cab, the minimum working space for the operator should correspond to:

- for tractors - GOST ISO 4252, for industrial, forestry and forestry tractors - GOST ISO 3411;

- for grain, forage and cotton harvesters - GOST EN 632 and GOST ISO 4254-7.

For other machines, the minimum working space for the operator, designed to work while sitting, limited by the elements of the cab and its equipment with the average adjustment (vertical, horizontal and operator's weight) position of the seat is in accordance with Figure 1.

NOTE The minimum working space of 3.2 and 3.3 does not determine the shape of the cab.

Picture 1

The minimum width of the two-seater cab of the machine at a height of 310 to 810 mm above the SIP must be at least 1400 mm.

3.3 The minimum working space in cabins designed for the operator's work in a standing position is in accordance with GOST ISO 3411.

3.4 For machines with a reversible control station, the minimum working space and dimensions of the cabin with reversible control are according to the technical specifications (TU) for machines of specific models.

3.5 Dimensions of the doorway and passage with the maximum possible open door for tractor cabins, except for forestry and forestry, - in accordance with GOST ISO 4252, for cabins of grain, forage and cotton harvesters - in accordance with GOST EN 632 and GOST ISO 4254-7, for other machines - in accordance with Figure 2. For timber and forestry tractors - in accordance with GOST ISO 2867.

______________
* Height of the door opening with the maximum possible open cab door, designed for standing work.
** Minimum doorway height for seated cabins.

NOTE The drawing does not define the shape of the doorway.

Picture 2

For wheeled tractors of classes less than 1.4, it is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to reduce the height of the doorway by no more than 50 mm.

3.6 Machines, with the exception of self-propelled agricultural vehicles, caterpillar agricultural, forestry and forestry tractors (except for vineyard tractors), must be equipped with protective cabins or have devices to limit deformation when the machine overturns and (or) accidental objects fall onto the cab. Industrial tractors must be equipped with protective cabins or devices at the request of the consumer.

Dimensions and location in relation to the SIP point and operator seat:

- free space zones for protective cabins (devices) of wheeled agricultural tractors - according to GOST 12.2.002.2;

- the volume of deformation limitation for protective cabins (devices) of industrial, forestry and forestry tractors - according to GOST ISO 3164.

Forestry and forestry tractors must be equipped with cabins and equipped with rollover protection devices in accordance with GOST ISO 8082, from falling objects - in accordance with GOST ISO 8083 and penetrating objects - in accordance with GOST ISO 8084.

With a two-seater cab, a similar deformation limitation should be provided for the second workplace.

For cabs with a reversible helm station, the limitation of cab deformation must be ensured for both positions of the helm station.

3.7 In the case of installing a protective cage or safety bar, the requirements of 3.2, 3.3 and 3.6 should be met.

3.8 Cabs of tractors, except for forestry and forestry ones, must have emergency exits in accordance with GOST ISO 4252, cabins for grain, forage, cotton harvesters - in accordance with GOST EN 632 and GOST ISO 4254-7. The cabins of forestry and forestry tractors must have an emergency (second) exit in accordance with GOST ISO 2867.

The rest of the cars must have at least three emergency exits, which can be doors, windows, hatches. Emergency exits should be located on different sides (walls, roof) of the cabin and have the shape of an ellipse with the main axes 640 and 440 mm or a square with a side of 600 mm, or a rectangle 650x470 mm, or a circle with a diameter of 650 mm.

Emergency exits must be opened without tools. If the emergency exits are glazed windows, there must be means in the cab that can break or expose the emergency exit glass in an emergency.

3.9 Cabs of machines should protect the operator from atmospheric precipitation.

4 Requirements for cab equipment

4.1 Cabins of self-propelled agricultural machines must be equipped with windscreen wipers for front windows, and for other machines - for front and rear windows.

The number of windshield wipers should be set in the technical specifications for specific machine models.

The wipers must work regardless of the engine operating mode and machine speed.

It is allowed to have only a manual drive in the absence of a reversible control station for rear window wipers.

4.2 Cabs of tractors should be equipped with front glass washers.

Installation of windscreen washers in the cabs of other cars - at the request of the customer.

4.3 The cabins of cars must be glazed with glass in accordance with GOST 5727 or other glasses, provided that the safety requirements in accordance with GOST 5727 are met.

At the request of the customer, it is allowed to glaze the windows of the cabins of machine operators with heat-absorbing glass.

4.4 Openable windows of the cab of the machine must be opened from the inside and have a device for fixing them in the open and closed positions.

4.5. The doors of the cabins of machines must have locks that are locked with a key and a lock to keep them in the extreme open position.

It is allowed to install a lock on one door if there is an internal lock on the other door.

Escape hatches (if any) must have internal locks.

4.6 The workplace of the operator of tractors, except for forestry and forestry, and machines must be equipped with a sprung seat with a backrest in accordance with GOST 20062. Forestry and forestry tractors must be equipped with a seat - in accordance with GOST ISO 11112.

On special modifications of agricultural tractors, in technically justified cases, by agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to install an unsprung seat.

For workplaces with a reversible control station, the seat must be rotated by 180 ° with fixing it in working positions.

If an asymmetrical position of the seat is required, it is allowed, upon agreement with the customer, to reduce the distance to the nearest side wall by no more than 75 mm.

The dimensions of the additional seat, if any, are according to the specifications for specific car models.

4.7 The cabins of the machines must be equipped with internal lighting lamps with autonomous activation.

The recommended illumination at the level of the control panel and the instrument panel from the interior lighting of the cab is at least 5 lux.

4.8 In the cabins of the machines there should be space for the location of the case with the first aid kit, devices for attaching a thermos or other container for drinking water and for the operator's outer clothing.

4.9 There must be a place in the cab of the machines for installing a radio receiver and an antenna.

4.10 Cabins of machines should be equipped with a device that protects the operator's face from direct sunlight.

4.11 Cabins of wheeled vehicles that can move on public roads must be equipped with outside rear-view mirrors on the left and right. The cabs of self-propelled agricultural machines, except for grain and forage harvesters, must be equipped with an external rear-view mirror only on the left, providing a backward view. Equipment with mirrors in cabins of grain and forage harvesters - in accordance with GOST EN 632.

4.12 Control devices in the cab of the machine should be illuminated to exclude the appearance of glare.

4.13 Materials used for finishing the cabins of tractors and machines must be non-flammable in accordance with GOST 30879.

5 Requirements for the operator's station

5.1 Cabins should be equipped with ventilation and heating systems. The operating characteristics of the ventilation and heating systems of the operator's workplace must comply with GOST ISO 14269-2.

The design of the cabin must ensure tightness in accordance with GOST ISO 14269-5.

For self-propelled machines intended for operation mainly in the warm season, it is allowed not to install a heating system.

When installing an air conditioner, the performance of the air conditioning system must comply with GOST ISO 14269-2.

5.2 The concentration of dust in the cabin, depending on the SiO content, should not exceed that indicated in Table 1.

Table 1


Content of crystalline SiO in dust,%				Average dust concentration, mg / m

5.3 The concentration of carbon monoxide in the cab with the engine running should not exceed 20 mg / m.

5.4 Location of pedals and steering wheel relative to the SIP point for tractors - according to GOST ISO 4253. For cars, the dimensions, relative position of the seat, steering wheel, clutch and brake pedals with the selected free stroke should correspond to those shown in Figures 3, 4 and Table 2. The adjustable steering column should be in the middle position according to the adjustments.

1 - steering wheel; 2 - brake pedals and clutch

Note - The dimensions in the drawing are indicated under the following conditions:

- pedals are in position when free travel is selected;

- the seat is loaded and is in the middle position according to the adjustments.

Figure 3

1 - clutch; 2 - brake; 3 - accelerator

Figure 4

table 2

In millimeters

The location of the controls for forestry and forestry tractors is in accordance with GOST 27258.

The location of the main and auxiliary controls for machines with a reversible control post is in accordance with the specifications for machines of specific models.

5.5 Reach zones for the operator's arms and legs for tractors - according to GOST ISO 4254-3 GOST EN 632.

For other machines when the operator is working in a sitting position:

- in the area (Figure 5) there should be no elements that can interfere with the operator's use of the controls;

- the zone must provide a free space of at least 120 mm between adjacent moving elements.

Figure 5 - Spherical zones of free space

5.6 Typical ways of activating the main controls are given in Appendix A.

5.7 The location of the steering wheel for tractors - in accordance with GOST ISO 4253, for grain and forage harvesters - in accordance with GOST EN 632. For other machines, the steering wheel should be located relative to the horizontal plane within 10 ° - 30 ° when working while sitting and within 0 ° - 30 ° - when working while standing, while the regulation should be carried out steplessly or with fixation in at least four positions, steering the wheel of these machines must be adjustable in height (along the axis of the column) by (100 ± 20) mm steplessly or with fixation in at least five positions.

5.8 Location of controls for tractors - in accordance with GOST ISO 4252, for grain and forage harvesters - in accordance with GOST EN 632.

For other machines, the distance from the handles of the control levers (in all positions) to the elements of the workplace and between the handles, except for levers driven simultaneously by a horizontally located brush, must be at least 50 mm for those driven by a brush with a control force of more than 150 N and not less than 25 mm - for fingers operated with a control force from 80 to 150 N (except for engine controls).

The minimum length of the free part of the lever together with the handle in any position, driven by fingers, must be at least 50 mm, driven by a brush - at least 150 mm.

5.9 Ergonomic requirements for the design of controls - according to GOST EN 894-2. The dimensions of the levers and other manual controls are in accordance with GOST 21753.

5.10 The supporting platforms of the main pedals must have a length and width of at least 60 mm.

If control pedals are not provided in the cab of the machine, then on the floor of the cab there should be inclined stops or support platforms for feet at an angle of 25 ° -40 ° to the horizontal, covered with a low-thermal material. Their dimensions should ensure the stable position of the operator's legs.

5.11 The distance between the edges of the platforms of nearby non-blocking pedals should be within 50-100 mm, for the blocked ones - 5-20 mm. The angle of rotation from the longitudinal axis of the machine of the support platforms of the pedals operated by the foot should not exceed 15 °.

5.12 The forces of resistance to movement of the controls should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 3.

Table 3


Governing body	Resistance force, N
	Foot control		Manual control
		Maximum value		Maximum value
Main clutch
Gear box:
Without interrupting the power flow
With a break in the power flow
Swing mechanism:
Without amplifier
With amplifier:
on the steering wheel
on the steering wheel with hydrostatic drive in an emergency
on levers
Service brake
Parking brake
Engine speed regulator
Deselerator
Hydraulic distributor:
Mechanical drive (levers)
Electro-hydraulic drive:
lever
button
Hydraulic drive
Mechanical hydraulic drive
PTO
Other organs

5.13 Control elements with which the hands of the operator or maintenance personnel come in contact should be made of a material with a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.2 W / (m · K), or they should be coated with this material with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm.

5.14 Indicate the means of displaying information should be symbols according to GOST 26336 and (or) inscriptions, which should be located on the instrument panel in the immediate vicinity of the indicator (device, signal light, etc.) or on the indicator itself.

Requirements for the design of information display facilities - in accordance with GOST EN 894-2, construction of mnemonic diagrams - in accordance with GOST 21480.

Appendix A (recommended). Typical ways of activating the main controls

Table A.1


Control body name	Operator control	Guiding movement
Fuel lever		Moving forward and upward and / or forward and toward the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the machine to increase the engine speed
Fuel pedal	Actuation with the foot or toe of the right foot	Push forward and / or downward travel to increase engine RPM
Steering wheel	Two-handed operation	Turning the steering wheel clockwise to turn the machine to the right, counterclockwise to the left
Steering levers (right and left) for tracked vehicles	Actuation with right and (or) left hands	Moving the right lever backward to turn the machine to the right, the left lever backward to the left
Brake pedals for tractors and wheeled vehicles	Actuation with the right foot
Brake pedals for tracked vehicles	Actuation with right and / or left feet	Move by pushing forward and / or downward when braking
Parking brake lever		Pulling when braking
Clutch pedal	Left leg actuation	Push forward-down movement to disengage clutch
Reverse lever	Right-handed or left-handed actuation	Move forward for forward travel
Lever for changing the speed of movement with a continuously variable transmission	Actuation preferably with the right hand	Move up and / or forward to increase forward speed. Move back and / or down to increase reverse speed
Gear shift lever	Right-handed or left-handed actuation	The direction of movement relative to the neutral position is indicated by a mnemonic diagram
Attachment hydraulic control levers	Actuation preferably with the right hand	Move up and / or back to lift, down and / or forward to lower the attachment

Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified by:
official publication
M .: Standartinform, 2010

Document revision taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Codex"