With the timely detection of one or a combination of signs of a decrease in capacity due to passivation of alkaline electrodes nickel iron battery it is possible to restore it without disassembly by conducting special recovery charge-discharge cycles
With timely detection of one or a combination of signs of a decrease in capacity due to passivation of alkaline nickel-iron electrodes accumulators it is possible to restore it without disassembly by carrying out special recovery charge-discharge cycles. From the batteries, the capacity of which must be restored, the electrolyte is drained and washed with alkalized distilled water, heated to a temperature of 40 o C. The washing is continued until the water becomes clear. After draining the water, the batteries are filled with fresh potassium electrolyte, adjusting its density to 1270 kg / m 3. After that, the batteries are connected to the battery and put on charge with a current equal to 0.25 C nom. The duration of the first and second charges is 12 hours, the third, control, - 6 hours. The discharges in the first two cycles continue until the signs of the end of the battery discharge by voltage at the rate of 1.0 V per battery with a current numerically equal to 0.2 C nom. Batteries that have been discharged to a voltage of at least 0.9 V over the next 30 minutes should be removed from the battery to activate the negative electrodes. To restore their capacity, sodium sulfide Na 2 S is introduced into the electrolyte, corresponding to GOST 2053-77. The amount of sodium sulfide introduced is proportional to the volume of electrolyte at the rate of 0.025 kg per 1 liter. The dissolution of the required amount of Na 2 S is carried out in an electrolyte taken from the batteries removed from the composition accumulators... After settling and clarification of the electrolyte, it is added to the batteries during the last hour of the next charge. In batteries, the voltage of which, when the minimum level on the battery is reached or after 30 minutes of discharge, has the opposite value, the capacity is limited by the positive electrodes. To restore the capacity, it is necessary to continue to discharge them so that the total discharge time is 10 hours.
If during 30 minutes of additional discharge the voltage dropped below 0.9 V, but did not reach the opposite sign, the capacitance should be limited by both half-blocks of electrodes. To restore the capacity of the batteries, it is first necessary to carry out a deep discharge, and then to activate it with the addition of Na 2 S. The batteries restore their capacity gradually. If at the third control discharge its time until the voltage of 1.0 V is established is at least 4 hours, such batteries can restore their capacity to the nominal value by carrying out additional cycles with equalizing charges
For preventive purposes, in case of systematic undercharging of alkaline batteries during operation in the mode of discharges with low currents, it is necessary at least once a month to perform a cycle with an equalizing charge and a discharge with control of the actual capacity. When carrying out cycles, it is necessary to control the voltage on all batteries, the electrolyte level and, optionally, the temperature in the middle batteries of the battery.
Batteries that do not increase in voltage during charging are rejected as having a short circuit. The electrolyte temperature during enhanced cycles should not exceed 45 o C. After the capacity is restored, it is necessary to adjust the electrolyte level and select accumulators according to the actual capacity for picking into batteries.
Recovering capacity lead-acid batteries, which is reduced as a result of sulfation of electrodes, can be produced by long-term charges with low currents, deep discharges with low currents and charges with high current densities. Desulfation by low-current charge is effective for shallow and immature sulfation.
Batteries must be pre-discharged to the minimum permissible voltage and free of electrolyte. Process charge goes with distilled water as electrolyte. The charge current is set in the order of 0.025-0.05 of the rated capacity. Such a current almost completely eliminates the evolution of gases in the pores of the active mass and facilitates the access of the electrolyte to the sulfate, which facilitates its conversion into spongy lead and lead dioxide on the electrodes. The charge is made before the start of noticeable gas evolution. Then the current is turned off so that gas bubbles can escape from the pores of the active mass. After half an hour sludge accumulators are switched on again to charge with a current 2 times less than the initial one. The desulfation process is slow (the regime can last for several days), sulfuric acid gradually diffuses into the electrolyte surrounding the electrodes, increasing its density. The voltage of the batteries also rises slowly. The desulfation process ends when all the signs of the end of the charge are present: abundant and uniform gas evolution in all batteries, constancy of voltage and density of the electrolyte. After the end of the desulfation process, it is necessary to correct the density and level of the electrolyte.
In case of old sulfation, the method of deep discharges with low currents is used, followed by overcharges with currents of normal value. Typically, several such cycles will fully restore the battery capacity. The desulfation process begins with recharging the batteries, which is carried out in several stages. On the first, a current is set equal to 0.2 C nom, which is maintained until a voltage is reached at the rate of 2.4 V per battery. After that, the current is reduced by 3-4 times and the voltage and density of the electrolyte are monitored. When they stop changing within an hour, the batteries are put on the sludge for 30 - 60 minutes, during which the electrolyte density is adjusted to 1200 - 1210 kg / m 3. After that, the batteries are switched on for discharge with a current equal to 0.02 C nom, until a voltage of 1.75 V is reached. In this discharge mode, the deep layers of the active mass of the electrodes are switched on. After a break, the cycles are continued and carried on until the removed capacity increases on subsequent discharges.
If both methods do not give positive results and it can be assumed that the sulfation of the plates occurred due to the presence of organic compounds impurities in the electrolyte, a short-term charge is applied high current, order (1 - 2) With number. The passage of such a current through battery accompanied by the removal of absorbed surfactants from the electrode surface, followed by dissolution of large lead sulfate crystals.
111) 605276 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (51) M, CL.- I 01 M 10/42 ayavkp e connection with the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. 04.78. Bulletin M 1 on Inventions and Discoveries 5) D publication of the description P, Permyakov, N Ukrainian Scientific and Design Institute A. Li 54) METHOD FOR RECOVERING THE CAPACITY INPUT OF 1 WHOLE N N I KEL L-YELLE BATTERY BATTERY The iso-theory refers to operation in special modes of alkaline nickel-iron, mainly traction batteries, for example , in special temperature conditions and can be used when operating these batteries in mine electric locomotives, in different types loading and unloading machines, in funds floor transport and in others vehiclesIt is known that during the operation of alkaline nickel-iron traction batteries on mine electric locomotives, the electrolyte temperature in the batteries, especially located in the center of the battery, in summer-autumn period in warm and temperate zones reaches 55 - 62 С , although the operating instructions formally prohibit overheating of the electrolyte in these batteries above 45 C in order to avoid a decrease in their nominal capacity and other performance characteristics... Therefore, mine traction batteries are often operated with deteriorated performance characteristics. The specified operating instructions for alkaline traction nickel-iron batteries for mine electric locomotives and the factory operating instructions compiled on their basis and A, V. Forest research and design of underground hydraulic coal are recommended independently from the operating conditions every 10 (7 - 12) operating cycles, as well as after a deep discharge, to carry out an enhanced charge of the battery for 10 hours with a current equal to 0.25 I, reporting a charging capacity equal to (Yap Yang - the nominal capacity of the accumulator This enhanced charge is not an optimal and effective way to restore the capacity of batteries lost nmn as a result of overheating. There is a known way to restore the capacity, according to which the enhanced charge is applied every 15 to 20 days during operation. alkaline batteries in high temperatures during the hot season, and the current charges are carried out in the evening and at night. However, this method does not provide for any parameters of the conditions for conducting an enhanced charge, and the recommended frequency of the latter is not related to the number of operating cycles of batteries.25 It has been established that for gradual heating of accumulators of the TZHN- (50 at (5 - 70 C in the process of cycling) the capacity given to the imts decreases from (50 A. h to 2 (0 A. h (nominal charging capacity 540 A, h prc 30 charge with a normal charging current of 90 A), and av 558.15 11 v.M 405 Circulation 904 1 State software kogpits, Council of Ministers of the USSR, 1 sleep nvovrtsnp 11 and o-.k 15 vti 113035, Moscow, 21 S, Rauknskaya nab., d 4.5 Signatures of Types nn 15 and 5 b nr. Sapunova, 2 11 with post-ssnnom Okhla 2 kDsnii of these batteries from 70 "C to 35 C in the process of their cycling under the same charging conditions, the given capacity did not fully recover, it was thrown around and remained at level 2 (O in 2 A, h. The purpose of the iso-theory is to increase the efficiency of periodically restored 5 Smcos 1 and 112 zennoi 1 pym picsl 2 kelszny accumulators 12 amps B 12 with the result of forced 1 short-term operation at temperatures exceeding 4 O 1, and also the reduction of non-propellant consumption of time and energy, For this purpose, according to the proposed method, reinforced charges are produced in series of O recovery cycles every 50 - 120 working cycles performed at a battery temperature of 60 - 70 "C, and the recovery cycles are carried out in the mode of accelerated two-hour charging with a current numerically equal to 0.8 of the nominal capacity of the battery, reporting the charging capacity at each recovery cycle, according to the magnitude equal to 2.5 of the nominal capacity of this battery, during the charging process, the temperature of the electrolyte in the battery is maintained within 20 - 35 "C, Batteries of T 1-1 W, briefly operated at 70 C, are characterized by the following loss of capacity; Number of workers Loss of recycled capacity1 о3 155 2010 3020 3350 40 Permissible reduction of the given smost; 1, for which m, it is advisable to apply the proposed method 40%, the initiation rate is 50-60 working cycles, the number of recovery cycles is 5. The method is carried out with a charging current of 280 L, a discharge current of 70 A, the minimum allowable discharge voltage of 1 V, and an electrolyte temperature of 20-35 C. The degree of recovery of the 1st capacity is equal to 90 "o. 5 11 rdlagasm way to restore the capacity of batteries, as shown by studies in step-by-step and industrial conditions 51 x, YV 51 sts Optimal, IOO brings to the mi Vmum the costs of unproductive time and energy and the process recovery. The use of the proposed method for restoring the capacity of alkaline nickel-nickel batteries lost as a result of overheating to temperatures of 45-70- C, provides pvast in comparison with the known method for restoring capacitance 1, reducing the non-productive time spent on the process of restoring capacity, increases the degree of restoring the lost capacity 20 pp other equal conditions, reduces the energy consumption for the recovery process, a method for restoring the capacity of alkaline pei 1 of a mud battery lost as a result of forced operation 30 at 60 - 70 C, by imparting increased charges to it, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the recovery process, reduction of unproductive consumption of time and energy, enhanced charges are performed in series of 5 recovery cycles every 50-60 working cycles, and recovery cycles are carried out in the mode of accelerated two-hour charging with a current equal to 0.8 of the nominal capacity kOstp of the battery, soososcha n 12 and each Vossgsovitelny cycle for 1) core capacity, numerically equal to 2.5 nominal smkstp of this battery, maintaining the temperature of the electrolyte in the 45th battery in the course of charging within 20 - 35 C.
Request
2388166, 19.07.1976
UKRAINIAN RESEARCH AND DESIGN CONSTRUCTION INSTITUTE OF UNDERGROUND HYDRAULIC COAL MINING
PERMYAKOV NIKOLAY PAVLOVICH, LINEV NIKOLAY ALEKSEEVICH, LESNYKH ALEXEY VASILIEVICH
IPC / Tags
Reference code
Method for recovering the capacity of alkaline nickel-iron battery
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The technological process of repairing alkaline batteries begins with removing the batteries from the car, after which they go to the battery repair section. Battery repair is carried out with and without opening the can.
Repair of batteries without opening the can is carried out with partial disassembly: nuts are screwed off the bores, jumpers are removed and rubber covers... Banks and lintels are cleaned of dirt and grease by washing in a drum-type machine with 1% caustic soda solution heated to a temperature of 60-80 C. After rinsing with clean water, the parts are sorted, nuts with crumpled edges and faulty threads are discarded, deformed lintels are straightened, lintels with cracks or damaged nickel plating is replaced. Suitable parts are transferred to the battery assembly position.
Rubber covers are washed outside and inside with hot water, into which a little sulfuric acid or old acidic electrolyte is added to neutralize the alkaline electrolyte remaining on the surface. After neutralization and washing with running water, the covers are tested on a special press with a water pressure of 0.1 MPa. Crimping the covers can be replaced by checking the dielectric strength of the rubber alternating current... The covers that have passed the test are dried in a special chamber.
Covers with through abrasions and small punctures during depot repairs are allowed to be vulcanized with raw rubber or restored by setting glass fabric linings on the GEN-150V adhesive using a special technology. During overhaul rubber covers with defects of this kind must be replaced with whole ones.
In parallel with the above works, the batteries themselves are being repaired. First, the electrolyte is poured out of them, and then each jar is washed outside and inside. The drained electrolyte is collected in a regeneration tank.
Mechanized washing of alkaline batteries can be carried out in a special washing machine with two washing chambers equipped with exhaust ventilation. A trolley with a rotating basket, in which batteries are installed, is rolled into each chamber. At the beginning, the basket is turned and the electrolyte is drained from the batteries and then they are poured with water heated to a temperature of 60-70 ° C, it is impossible to use hotter water - since the separators between the plates made of vinyl plastic can soften and deform. After that, the basket shaft clings to the drive motor clutch and the basket is shaken, the batteries are rinsed and the water is drained. After a set time interval, a new cycle begins. The washed batteries are examined, places with traces of corrosion are cleaned, wiped with napkins dipped in 10% phosphoric acid. The plates are inspected, defective springs and rubber seals, which do not ensure a tight closure of the battery neck, are replaced. After repair, dry batteries are inserted into rubber cases and placed on racks for electrolyte filling and charging. After cleaning, the cans are painted outside by dipping with varnish. Other materials can be used to provide reliable protection metal from corrosion. The outer cover is not painted, but is filled with hot graphite or, in extreme cases, covered with a layer of technical petroleum jelly.
The outer painting of the cans can be omitted if they protective coating no defects or traces of corrosion. It is imperative to fill the lid with paraffin in any case, since this prevents current leakage along the lid if electrolyte is accidentally spilled onto it when filling the battery or charging it.
With an increased carbonate content, the batteries are poured with alkalized water heated to a temperature of 100 ° C, and kept for 16-290 hours, periodically pouring out the water and shaking each battery. The same washing is carried out when replacing the potassium electrolyte with sodium electrolyte and vice versa.
The capacity of nickel-iron batteries is restored by treating them with sodium sulfide. This process improves the state of negative iron electrodes that have lost their capacity as a result of the oxidation of sulfide sulfur. Most often, capacity loss is observed in batteries that are inactive for a long time (storage in a warehouse, long standing in a sludge, without preventive charge-discharge cycles). To restore the capacity of such batteries, they are poured with electrolyte, with the addition of 20-25 g / l of sodium sulfate and kept in this state for 3 to 10 hours. If this does not give results, then the batteries are repaired by opening the case. The recovered batteries are subjected to shaping and normal charging.
Batteries discarded due to mechanical damage or loss of capacity, repairs are performed by opening the case. Batteries are disassembled and defective elements (plates, separators, borons, housings, nuts, washers, etc.) are replaced. For this, a weld seam is cut off on a milling machine that connects the battery case to the top cover. The battery case is then clamped into a screw press and the plate assembly is removed. Unscrew the nuts securing the burs to the battery cover, remove the insulating washers and covers. After that, the block is disassembled into half-blocks, removed, washed and inspected between the separators and each plate. The main internal defects of alkaline batteries, which reduce their capacity, are a break in the connecting strip, loss of active mass, closure of opposite plates by the dropped out active mass, rust deposits or as a result of warping of the plates when the separator is damaged. During repairs, corroded areas are protected and the condition of the active mass is checked.
Plates with dropped out active mass or damaged skeleton are rejected. The torn off contact strips are fixed by electric spot welding. Suitable plates are washed, dried and pressed into molds. Pressing is carried out to restore the size of the swollen plates and create a reliable electrical contact between the active mass and the plate body. Then the batteries are collected, painted, dried, covered with covers and charged-discharge cycles.
The repaired batteries are transported to the charging room, installed on racks, connected to batteries and filled with pre-prepared electrolyte. When electrolyte is poured into rinsed batteries, its density slightly increases. In 3-6 hours after pouring, it will decrease to normal, since the water remaining in the pores of the plates will dilute the electrolyte.
Depending on the type, alkaline batteries are produced with electrolyte filled or not filled. To prepare for the first charge, non-filled batteries are divided into groups depending on the value of the EMF. If E.D.S. non-filled batteries below 0.7 V, then to bring them into working condition, it is necessary to carry out 5-6 charge-discharge cycles. If E.D.S. batteries more than 0.7 V, then 2-3 cycles are enough for this. After dividing into groups, the batteries are filled with electrolyte with a temperature not higher than 30 ° C and left to soak the active mass of the electrodes for several hours. Before putting the batteries on the first charge, it is necessary to check the voltage on each of them. If the voltage is equal to zero, then such batteries are discarded.
The normal charging current for nickel-iron and nickel-cadium batteries is a current numerically equal to usually 0.25 of the nominal capacity .. The discharge in all cycles is produced by a current equal to 0.2 of the nominal capacity for a specified time or up to a voltage of 1 V.
During the first charge, the batteries are given a capacity equal to approximately 3 nominal capacities. This boosted charge improves battery life and increases the capacity of both plates. After the end of the charge, the batteries are switched on for discharge with a constant current. At the first discharge, the battery is usually not able to deliver capacity and the criterion for the final discharge is the lowest permissible voltage of 1 V. During the second training cycle, the batteries are again given increased capacity, and the discharge is carried out in the same way as in the first cycle. The third cycle is the control one. In this case, the battery is reported with a capacity of 1.5 times the nominal capacity.
The total operating time of the batteries can vary from 45 to 90 hours. After each charging and discharging mode, it is necessary to take breaks of 1-1.5 hours to cool the batteries. If the electrolyte temperature exceeds + 45 ° C, interrupt the charging and discharging mode and allow the battery to cool down. Batteries that, after a control cycle, give more than 80% of their rated capacity at discharge and whose voltage is at least 1 V, can be put into operation. Batteries with lower capacity and voltage are subjected to two more training cycles.
Batteries that have undergone repair with opening the case are charged in the same way as new ones. If the case was not opened during the repair, then the battery is subjected to one training charge-discharge control cycle. As a rule, several batteries are simultaneously charged on the site, to which, in addition to the usual number of batteries, three or four more batteries of the same type are added from among those repaired in advance. Batteries with a final voltage of 1.1 V are completed in one group, and with a voltage of 1.1 to 1 V - in another group. After that, the final discharge of the batteries is carried out with the normal charging current.
The sign of the end of the charge is a constant voltage of 1.8 +0.1 V for 30 minutes.
Batteries, which after depot repairs have a capacity of at least 70%, and after major overhaul at least 80% of the nominal, are installed in rubber covers and transferred to the installation position on the car.
O P I S A N I E 337862
Union of Soviet
Socialist
Republics
Dependent on the author. certificate no.
Applied on 04.1.1970 (No. 1,390600 / 24-7) with attachment of application No. †"
S. Cl. H Olm 47/00
Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the Council of Ministers
Applicant Locomotive depot "Zasulauks" of the Baltic Railway
METHOD FOR RECOVERY OF CAPACITY OF ALKALINE
BATTERIES!
A known method of restoring the capacity of alkaline batteries by washing in distilled water, introducing activating additives into the electrolyte, removing crystalline deposits and harmful impurities from the active mass, followed by activation by electrolysis in distilled water and carrying out control-training charge-discharge cycles.
However, this method involves the use of high temperatures, which leads to deterioration of separators and short circuits.
In addition, the electrolyte is changed, which complicates recovery.
To simplify the technology and prevent short circuits according to the proposed method, electrolysis is carried out in the discharge mode with a current equal to the nominal charging current, at a temperature not higher than 45 C.
For this, the batteries to be refurbished are discharged in the old electrolyte to a voltage below 1 V on the battery at the nominal discharge current.
At the end of the discharge, plates that limit the capacity of each battery are determined using an auxiliary zinc electrode. (All accumulators with a liquefied capacity are divided into three groups: a) accumulators with a reduced capacity of the active mass of negative plates; b) accumulators with reduced active mass capacity of positive plates;
5 c) batteries with a reduced capacity of the active mass and negative bi-positive plates.
Sodium sulphide is introduced into the electrolyte of batteries with a reduced active mass capacity of negative plates at the rate of
25 g / l, and these batteries are subjected to regenerative charge-discharge cycles according to the following program: charge with a rated charging current for 12 hours; discharge with a nominal discharge current up to a voltage of 1 V on the weakest batteries;.
The old electrolyte is drained from the batteries with a reduced active mass capacity of the positive plates with shaking, and
20 rinse the batteries with distilled water until the drained water is clear. Then the batteries are again filled with distilled water, connected into groups and connected to a power source in such a way that the restored plates serve as a cathode, and the battery bodies serve as an insoluble anode. Moreover, under the action electric current electrolytic decomposition of water occurs with the release of hydrogen on the recoverable layers 337862
Compiled by Y. Dragomirova
Editor E. Kravtsova Techred E, Borisova Proofreader E. Usova
Order 1527jl7 Ed. No. 662 T circulation 448 Subscription
TsNIIPI of the Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the Council of Ministers of the USSR
Moscow, 7K-35, Raushokaya nab., 4j5
Printing house, pr. Sapunova, 2 nakh. The electrolysis current must be equal to the rated charging current for of this type batteries. The electrolysis temperature in order to avoid deformation of vinyl plastic corrugated separators separating the positive plates from the negative ones should not exceed 45 C.
After 3 hours of electrolysis, distilled water in the batteries is replaced and electrolysis is continued for 5 hours, the total electrolysis time is 8 hours. After electrolysis, the batteries are washed with distilled water, dried for 1 hour in air and filled with an alkaline electrolyte of increased density (1.22 - 1.23) g / cm3 with the addition of 60 g / l of lithium oxide hydrate.
In this electrolyte, two recovery cycles of the charge-discharge of the batteries are carried out until the nominal capacity of the batteries is restored.
After restoring the nominal capacity, the density of the electrolyte is reduced to 1.19 € "
1.21 g / cm3, and the content of lithium oxide hydrate in the electrolyte is reduced to 10 g / l, after which the batteries are subjected to two training and one control charge-discharge cycle. When restoring the capacity of batteries with a reduced capacity of the active mass and negative and positive plates, first restore the capacity of the active mass of positive and then negative plates.
A method for restoring the capacity of alkaline batteries by washing in distilled water, introducing activating additives into the electrolyte, removing from the active mass
15 crystalline deposits iH of harmful impurities, followed by activation by electrolysis in distilled water and carrying out control and training charge-discharge cycles in an alkaline electrolyte, distinguished by the fact that, in order to simplify the technology and prevent short circuits, electrolysis is carried out in a discharge mode with a current equal to the nominal charging current, at a temperature not exceeding 45 C.
Usage: for the restoration of batteries with alkaline electrolyte. The essence of the invention: the restoration of alkaline batteries is carried out by neutralizing the plates of the disassembled battery in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid 45 50% into which the plates are lowered for 50-60 s, and then the plates collected in the battery are charged with a current equal to 1/2 1/6 of the capacitive charge for 15 20 minutes.
The invention relates to the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy, in particular to methods for the recovery of batteries with alkaline electrolyte. There is a known method for the recovery of slightly sulfated battery in which the battery is charged to a predetermined maximum voltage. The known technical solution allows to reduce the recovery time, however, with this recovery method, the batteries are not restored to their original performance. Also known is a method for restoring alkaline batteries, including disassembling a battery, cleaning and neutralizing the plates of the battery in an aqueous acid solution, assembling the battery, charging the battery with a current followed by measuring the voltage. The disadvantages of the known technical solution are: 1. Large power consumption due to an additional charge-discharge cycle to remove insoluble salts that are formed during cleaning with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. 2. After cleaning, the charge is carried out with a certain current value of 150 A, this leads to the fact that certain dimensions of the plate are subject to processing, that is, small plates with such a current will stick together, and big size, cleaning will not be of high quality. 3. High consumption of electrolyte, since after charging and discharging it is necessary to drain the electrolyte. The technical solution to the problem is to reduce labor intensity, save energy and electrolyte, improve recovery efficiency and expand operational capabilities. The technical solution is achieved by the fact that in the method for the recovery of alkaline batteries, including disassembling the battery, cleaning and neutralizing the battery plates in an aqueous solution of acid, assembling the battery, charging the battery with a current followed by measuring the voltage, hydrochloric acid is used as an acid in an aqueous solution of 45-50% and the plates are lowered into it for 50-60 s, and the battery is charged with a current equal to 1 / 2-1 / 6 of the capacitive charge for 15-20 minutes. The novelty of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that the treatment of battery plates with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is more effective than with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, since hydrochloric acid, interacting with deposits (this is mainly barium or cadmium) forms salts that are readily soluble in water, which are washed out by running water, while the interaction of sulfuric acid with sediments forms hardly soluble salts, which are removed using an additional charge-discharge cycle, which entails high consumption electricity. In addition, the operational capabilities are expanded due to charging with a current equal to 1/4 of the capacitive charge, i.e. it is possible to restore batteries of different sizes. According to the data of the patent and scientific and technical literature, a similar technical solution was not found, which makes it possible to judge the inventive level. The industrial applicability of the invention lies in the fact that it can be used in industry for the recovery of alkaline batteries for more long term service using the appropriate equipment. The method for restoring alkaline batteries is as follows. After disassembling the battery, the plates are placed in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid 45-50% and kept for 50-60 s, then the plates are assembled into batteries, installed in containers and charged with a current equal to 1/4 of the capacitive charge, such a selection of current allows you to restore batteries of different sizes ... Then the voltage is measured, and if the voltage value meets the requirements of GOST, then the batteries are kept in an alkaline electrolyte for 2 hours, and if the voltage value is less than the required one, then the recovery cycle is repeated. PRI me r. When restoring the batteries, the battery cans are opened by removing the weld along the perimeter of the top cover or with a cutter on a milling machine, the plates are removed and rinsed with water. The surface of each plate is cleaned with a wire brush while rinsing off with water. Then, after cleaning, the plates are immersed in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid 45-50% for 50-60 seconds. The solution is prepared in advance in a vinalite or stainless dish with a capacity of 60-100 liters; 30 liters of distilled water and 32 liters of hydrochloric acid. Next, the plates are washed with running water and immersed in an alkali bath for 5-10 minutes. Before assembly, the plates are leveled, assembled into blocks, these blocks are installed in containers and filled with alkaline electrolyte P 1.83 40 mm above the plates, i.e. the battery is drawn in this way, which is connected to charger after 2 hours of exposure. The battery is charged with a current equal to 1 / 2-1 / 4 of the capacitive charge. For example, when charging a TNZh-300 type battery, a capacitive charge of E n 300 A / h, then the current for charging is 75 A. The charge is carried out for 15-20 minutes. Then the EMF of each can is measured, which should be 1.2-1.5 V. In the case of low voltage, it is necessary to open the container and perform the entire recovery cycle again. Charge to full battery capacity. Then carry out a discharge to a voltage in one container of up to 1 V, pre-measuring the discharge time, which should be 4-6 hours at the rated current of each battery. After the discharge, drain the electrolyte, fill with water and weld the container lids.
Claim
METHOD FOR RECOVERY OF ALKALINE BATTERY, including disassembling the battery, cleaning and neutralizing the plates in an aqueous solution of acid, assembling the battery, charging it with a current followed by measuring the voltage, characterized in that 45 50% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is used as an acid and immersed in it for 50-60 s, and the battery is charged with a current equal to 1/2 1/6 of the capacitive charge for 15-20 minutes.
