4 ways to restore the car battery
Batteries - stable source constant voltageThey are indispensable in separate design and instruments. But of course there are no eternal things on Earth and with batteries, it takes time and they are no longer suitable for use what to do? Throw away and buy new? You can of course, but it is better to try to repair them. In the market you can find the sea of \u200b\u200bbatteries different types Tanks and voltages. Basically use acid alkaline and lithium batteries. Today we will talk about the methods of repairing such types of batteries, like lead. Acid batteries - more often they are called lead helium. Two lead plates are immersed in sulfuric acid, one plate is a positive pole, the other is negative. Such batteries are most often used in automotive technology And in pocket lanterns. They have a relatively low service life. They can be repaired (restore) in several ways.
First method multiple charging Small current with small temporal intervals between charging. By the end of the first and subsequent charges, the voltage on the battery is gradually rising, and it ceases to take charge. During the break, the electrode potentials on the surface and in the depth of the mass of the plates are aligned, with a more dense electrolyte from the pores of the plates flowing into an interelectrode space and reduces the voltage on the battery during temporary breaks. During the cyclic charge, as the battery kit is set, the electrolyte density begins rises. When the density becomes normal, and the voltage on the same section will reach 2.5-2.7 volts (the nominal of each 2 volt can) is terminated. Repeat this cycle 5-8 times. Charging current of ten times less battery capacity, let's say the battery has a capacity of 1000 mA / hour, then the charge current should be from 80 to 100 ml.
The second way to restore acid batteries is the replacement of the electrolyte. We drain the electrolyte from the battery and rinse the battery with hot water several times. Next, we take 3 teaspoons of soda and dilute in 100 ml of water. Boil water and immediately pour boiling water into the battery, we are waiting for 20 minutes and drain. This process is repeated several times. Then we rinse with hot water battery 3 times. This restoration method is very convenient to use for automotive batteries. In the last stage of the work, we pour a new electrolyte and charge the battery 24 hours, the repaired battery is charged once a day for 10 days, the charge lasts 6 hours, parameters charger - 14-16 volts, charge current 10 amp (no more).
The third way is reverse charging. To do this, you need a powerful voltage source (welding machine for example), the voltage of the charger 20 volts, and the strength of the current is 80 amps and more, open the jacks of cans and charge them only back - plus the power source is attached to a minus battery, and minus power supply to the plus battery. The battery will boil, but do not pay attention, charge within 30 minutes further drain the electrolyte, rinse with hot water and pour a new electrolyte. We take an ordinary charger with a current of 10-15 amps and charge the repaired battery 24 hours, just do not confuse polarity since the factory plus pole will already have a minus, and we will talk about the repair and restoration of alkaline and lithium batteries in the next article, stay with We are Arthur Kasyan (Aka).
Fourth fashion Differs high efficiency and efficiency (the battery is restored in less than an hour). The discharged battery is preloaded. The electrolyte is drained from the charged battery and washed 2-3 times with water. In the washed battery poured ammonia solution Thrilone B (sodium ethylenediaminetetraux complex), containing 2 weight percentage of trilon b and 5 percent of ammonia. Time desulfation with a solution - 40-60 min. The desulfation process is accompanied by the release of gas and the occurrence on the surface of the solution of small splashes. Termination of gas division indicates the completion of the process. With severe sulfate, the solution to the solution should be repeated. After processing, the battery is washed at least 2-3 times with distilled water, then filled with normal density electrolyte. The flooded battery is charged with a charging current to the rated tank according to the guidelines. On the issue of preparing the solution, it is necessary to apply to enterprises with chemical laboratories. The solution is stored in a darkened place in a vessel with a hermetic lid to avoid evaporation of ammonia. http://www.handiman.ru/
December 18, 2012, 09:58
battery repair
battery recovery
O P and C A N E 337862
Soviet Union
Socialist
Republics
Dependent on auth. Certificate number
Stated 04.1.1970 (No. 1.390600 / 24-7) with the joining of the application No.
S. CL. H OLM 47/00
Committee for Inventions and Opening at the Council of Ministers
Applicant Locomotive Depot "Zasulauks" of the Baltic Railway
Alkaline Capacity Recovery Method
Battery!
There is a method for restoring the capacity of alkaline batteries by washing in distilled water, administration into an electrolyte of activating additives, removal from the active mass of crystalline sediments and harmful impurities, followed by activated by electrolysis in distilled water and conducting control and training of controlling cycles.
However, this method provides for the use of high temperatures, which leads to a damage to seachers of a short circuit.
In addition, electrolyte changes, which complicates recovery.
To simplify the technology and prevent short circuits by the proposed method, the electrolysis is carried out in the discharge mode, equal to the nominal charger, at a temperature not higher than 45 C.
For this, the batteries to be reduced to be repaired are discharged in an old electrolyte to a voltage below 1 V on the battery at a nominal discharge current.
At the end of the discharge, with the help of auxiliary zinc electrode, plates are determined by the limiting capacity of each battery. (All accumulators with devout container are separated into three groups: a) batteries with a reduced capacity of the active mass of negative plates; b) accumulators with a reduced capacity of the active mass of positive plates;
5 c) Batteries with a reduced capacity of the active mass and negative SI positive plates.
B Electrolyte of batteries with a reduced capacity of the active mass of negative PL10 style is administered sulphant sodium at the rate
25 g / l, and these batteries are subjected to reduction cycles charge-discharge according to the following program: the charge of the nominal charging current for 12 hours; The discharge of nompanal15 discharge current to voltage 1 V on the weakest battery.;.
Of the accumulators with a reduced capacity of the active mass of positive plates with shaking, the old electrolyte is drained, and
20 washed with distilled water accumulators until the water being drainaged is transparent. Then the batteries are again filled with distilled water, are connected to groups and plug into the source of the PPA55 so that the restored plates of the cathode servilated, and the housings of the batteries are an insoluble anode. At the same time under the action electric current There is an electrolytic decomposition of water with separation of hydrogen on the restored plates 337862
Compiled by Yu. Dragomirov
Editor E. Kravtsova Techred E, Borisov Proofreader E. Usova
Order 1527JL7 ed. № 662 T IMARY 448 subscription
Tsniypi Comience on the Affairs of Inventions and Opening at the Council of Ministers of the USSR
Moscow, 7k-35, Raushoka Nab., \u200b\u200bD. 4j5
Typography, Ave. Sapunov, 2 na. The power of the current in electrolysis must be equal to the nominal charger for this type batteries. The electrolysis temperature to avoid deformation of the viniplast corrugated separators separating the positive plates from negative, should not exceed 45 C.
After 3 hour, the electrolysis replaces distilled water in batteries and continues electrolysis for 5 hours, the total electrolysis time is 8 hours. After electrolysis, the batteries are washed with distilled duct, dried for 1 hour in air and filled with an alkalite electrolyte of an increased density (1.22 - "1.23) g / sm with an additive of 60 g / l of lithium oxide pyred.
In this electrolyte, there are two reduction cycle charge-discharge charges before restoring the nominal capacity of batteries.
After recovery of the nominal capacity, the electrolyte density is reduced to 1.19.
1.21 g / CMZ, and the content of lithium oxide hydrate in electrolyte is reduced to 10 g / l, after which the batteries are subjected to two training and one charge-discharge control cycle. When the capacity of batteries with a reduced capacity of the active mass and negative and positive plates, the capacity of the active mass of positive, and then negative plates, the subject of the invention, first restore the tank
A method for restoring the capacity of alkaline batteries by washing in distilled water, administration into the electrolyte of activating additives, removal from the active mass
15 crystalline sediments of IH harmful impurities, followed by activating electrolysis in distilled water and carrying out control and training charge-discharge cycles in an alkaline electrolyte, distinguish between 20 Beyby, in order to simplify technology and prevent short circuits, the electrolysis is carried out in the discharge mode equal to the nominal Charging current at a temperature not higher than 45 C.
What are the ways to restore alkaline batteries of various types
Accumulators of any type, including alkaline, are devices in which a large number of chemical reactions proceed. As a result, along with the main electrochemical processes, a plurality of adverse reactions takes place in the battery. Often it leads to loss of battery of its properties and failure. Therefore, for rechargeable batteries, it is important to carry out preventive measures. But we often forget about it, because of which the battery fails without spending its resource. Fortunately, in some cases it is possible to restore the battery. Today we will talk about the restoration of alkaline batteries.
A tangible problem during the operation of alkaline batteries is the "memory effect". It is expressed in reducing the capacity of the battery as a result of multiple incomplete cycles discharge-charge. At alkaline battery electrodes, large crystals are formed, and a significant part of the active mass ceases to be used in operation. To get rid of the "memory effect", it is often recommended to carry out full discharge to a voltage of 0.8─1 volts and then charging. There are several such cycles. If you have an instruction for servicing alkaline batteries of a certain type, then you need to act in accordance with it.
Indeed, this method of combating the "memory effect" brings a certain result, but only as preventive measures. To serve for a long time, periodic qualified care is required behind them.
If the battery has already worked for several years, then a number of problems are added to the formation of crystals on the electrodes. In particular, the change in the composition and volume of electrolyte, the formation of crystals on separators, short circuits, etc.
And to restore the alkaline battery, the discharge-charge cycle will not be enough.
But in order to prevent a full discharge and the subsequent charge is recommended to do once a month. At the same time, it is desirable that the charger has a battery discharge function with a voltage threshold control. This will turn off the discharge on time and prevent deep discharge. This mode is useful and when the battery is discharged from battery elements, which have different degrees of charge. If you perform cycles discharge-charge recovery immediately for several battery elements, before this you need to align their degree of charge. This is done complete charge. But ideally, such a "training" is better to perform for each battery separately.
Methods for restoring alkaline batteries
To begin with, consider the restoration of old disk alkaline batteries D-0.55 more Soviet production. This way I met on various forums and judging by the reviews of the owners of such batteries, it is very effective.
This type of batteries do not have any lids and caps through which it would be necessary to drain her cheek and rinse with acid, as is done in the case of lamella batteries. Therefore, here the authors of this technique use what is called non-destructive methods. So that the tightness of the battery does not suffer.
The following describes the sequence of action by steps. It was possible to find several such techniques for disk alkaline batteries, but in principle, this is the same method. Just rewritten with minor amendments. So what you need to do:
- if the batteries are in a set of some battery, they need to be divided. Wrapping in a plastic bag and put in the freezer for a couple of days;
- after the batteries flew out, put them in dishes with water and put on fire. We must wait until the water boils and boil them about 15 minutes;
- then let's cool half an hour batteries without removing from the water. After that, take them out and rinse with cold water;
- next, lay the batteries on the metal plate and warmer in the stove of 5─10 minutes at a temperature of 60-70 degrees. Give batteries cool;
- the final stage is charging alternating current. To do this, we put the batteries back to the set or charge separately. Charger diagram is given below. Charging time 30 minutes, and current - 0.2 * s.
After charging alkaline batteries, we withstand a couple of hours and the recovery process is completed with the usual charging in the standard memory.
Restoration of lamellaic accumulators using sulfuric acid
There are enough methods for restoring lamellable accumulators, among which you can select the common option:
- battery discharge;
- washing with distilled water;
- activating additives;
- removal of large crystals and impurities.
The method is complemented by electrolysis in distilled water and control cycles in alkali solution.
However, alkaline accumulator specialists are called this method ineffective and complex, offering a technique using a sulfuric acid solution. This technique is widespread in locomotive depot to restore alkaline batteries with characteristics that do not satisfy the requirements.
The authorship of this invention belongs to B. N. Sokolov, expert on the repair of diesel locomotives of the CT MPS. This recovery method is used when repairing batteries with increased self-discharge and loss of tank. The alkaline battery restoration technology proposed by them is as follows:
- the battery member is discharged to zero and an alkaline electrolyte is merged from it (we are talking about the lamella battery design, where it is done without problems);
- the battery lid is removed, the blocks of electrodes with separators are removed;
- separators are immersed in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (a density of about 1.27 gr. / cm 3) for 3 hours. Such a duration is necessary for the transfer of iron and magnetite hydroxisals to sulfate iron. Partially occurs its dissolution and removal from the surface of separators. As a result, their dielectric properties are restored and the self-discharge decreases. The duration of the washing must be at least 3 hours, otherwise the active mass will not be washed completely;
- positive electrodes are processed in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (1.27 gr. / cm 3) for 20-30 seconds;
- After acid treatment, separators and positive electrodes are washed with distilled water and leaving neutralized in alkali solution;
- negative electrodes are processed only with water and pitch;
- the installation of electrodes and separators to the housing is carried out, the pouring of the aqueous alkali solution is made (1,17 ± 1 gr. / cm 3) and the cover is brewed;
- after that, the charge is carried out, and then the control discharge. After re-discharge, the battery is ready for operation.
Recovered alkaline batteries were tested for the performance of ten to a multiple launch of diesel diesel. At the same time, their voltage changed from 65 to 64 volts and the batteries were completely suitable for operation. It is noted that the recovery gives a tangible economic effect, since such alkaline batteries are quite expensive.
The alkaline battery consists of a tank 1 made of sheet steel with a thickness of 0.8 - 1 mm, and plates 2 scored in the form of packages from thin steel tapes in which the active substance is pressed.
In the positive plates, the nickel oxide hydrate is used to reduce the internal resistance of the battery, 18 - 20% of graphite is added to reduce the internal resistance of the battery.
In negative plates, the active mass is cadmium with an admixture of iron (in the cadmium-nickel batteries) or only iron (in iron-nickel batteries).
1 - tank,
2 - plate,
3 - pole conclusions,
4 - lid,
5 - ventilation plug, 6 insulation plate,
7 - crimp,
8 - remote sticks.
The plates are assembled into semi-blocks, each of which consists of plates of one polarity, positive or negative. The tank is filled with a composite electrolyte from an aqueous solution of caustic potassium density of 1.19 - 1.21, which added to each liter of a 10 g of caustic lithium, which increases the battery life.
To access the electrolyte to the active mass in the steel tapes of the plates packages, there are holes that serve also to exit gases formed during charge and discharge of the battery.
Packages in shimmer shimmers 7, which on one side of the packet are somewhat elongated for joining them the Bartka. A steel thread pin is welded to the Bartie, which serves to mount the semi-block plates and connect the wires to the battery.
Plates of different polarity are isolated from each other with remote ebonite sticks 8. The plates block is installed in the tank so that the possibility of moving them inside the tank during transportation and operation of the battery is eliminated.
Plates in the tank are installed in a strictly defined order. In the cadmium-nickel batteries, the extreme plates are always positive, they are adjacent to the wide wall of the tank and are electrically connected to it; For iron and nickel batteries, the extreme plates are always negative, they are connected to the tank.
The ends of the plates are isolated from the narrow walls of the tank thin insulating ebonite plate 6 or air interval. The tank is closed with a lid 4 with a hole for the ventilation plug 5, written into the lid. By providing gases from the tank, the plug at the same time prevents the electrolyte pouring and penetration into the air cauldron causing harmful chemical reactions in the electrolyte.
"Repair of electrical equipment of industrial enterprises",
VB Taabekov
Malfunctions arise in batteries due to violation of modes of operation and charging, in non-compliance with the rules of care for them, as well as as a result of the disorder of the repair time. Malfunctions in batteries lead most often to the drop of discharge voltage and a decrease in the tank. The voltage drop is explained by changing the internal resistance of the battery. The battery capacity is called the amount of electricity that it can give when discharged ...
IN acid batteries Faults are manifested as a short circuit between the plates, the destruction of separators, sulfate and the destruction of the plates, the formation of sludge and corrosion of the lattices. Short closures between the plates of the battery occur as a result of their warping and destruction of separators, as well as due to foreign conductive objects and accumulation at the bottom of a large amount of sludge. Characteristic signs of short circuit ...
The destruction of the plates occurs at large chargers and discharge currents and is expressed in the loss of the active mass, which settles the bottom of the tank in the form of a sludge. The electrolyte is done with a muddy and acquireschive color. Signs of the destruction of the plates are low capacity and too fast battery discharge. The formation of the sludge occurs due to the chlorine content in the addition water and sulfate plates. Fault ...
Below will be represented by a full cycle of lead batteries, the technology is used by car batteries repair masters.
As we know "helium" or lead batteries consist of lead plates (grids) coated with lead sucid. Such a battery was created in the middle of the 19th century and is still actively used in vehicles and in low-power devices with autonomous food.
Inside the simplest such battery, two lead plates, the container depends on their quantity and area. rechargeable battery. Today we will look at the way to complete the restoration of low-power batteries from the Chinese LED flashlight. As is known, one lead battery bank gives 2 volts, in the current battery there are two such cans. They are separated by plastic fence and are in a common case. To begin with, we will analyze the housing and get the plate.
Inside, we will find 4 plates (two in each bank). By type one of the plates can be a reddish color - this is a plus plate, it is it out of order, and the battery comes into disrepair. Minus plates remain new. The idea is as follows: disassemble two such batteries, remove minus plates and make one of them new battery. No sooner said than done!
Inside batteries, you can also detect filter paper, they are impregnated with a solution of sulfuric acid, in more powerful batteries, the paper is replaced by plates, and a solution of sulfuric acid is used as an electrolyte.
Often, the cause of the battery is the paper, the process charge-discharge paper dries and the battery loses the container.
To do this, you can add a couple of drops of water or sulfuric acid to the battery, which can be reached from car battery. And if it does not save the battery, the last option remains, which we are talking about today.
With two batteries, we can remove 4 minus plates, we no longer need advantage, so they are throwing them away, but! This is a toxic substance! Therefore, put in a sealed vessel before throwing out into the garbage chute, if you have the opportunity, then rent in special institutions for receiving toxic substances.
The tips of minus cans we clean, then we arrive and solder into place of the plus plates.
After that, we put the filter paper from the same battery. Paper is preferably soaked in advance with a 25% solution of sulfuric acid. After the end of the plate is placed in the case. Then the polarity of the power supply is checked. Next process of charging
For this, you need any transformer on the voltage of 12 volts 1-3 amps and a rectifier diode by 5 amps. Charging process takes a couple of minutes.
The battery is charged briefly, 5-10 seconds, then take a break for a couple of seconds and have been charged again. The process must be repeated 10-15 times. After that, measure the voltage on the battery, it should be about 3.8-4.5 volts.
List of radio elements
| Designation | A type | Nominal | number | Note | Score | My notebook | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TR1 | Transformer | 12 in 1-3 a | 1 | In notebook | |||
| D1 | Diode | 5A. | 1 | In notebook | |||
| Diode bridge | KC405A. | 1 | In notebook | ||||
| C1. | Capacitor | 1 μF | 1 | ||||
