The VAZ 2106 ignition coil is one of the components of the ignition system, which also consists of a lock, high-voltage wires, a distributor and candles.
The coil is a high voltage pulse transformer. They consist of a core on which a secondary winding of a thin wire is wound. Above the secondary winding, the primary winding is wound from a thick wire. Each of the windings is connected to rechargeable battery.
The task of the core is to strengthen the magnetic field. When the circuit is broken, a high-voltage current arises in the secondary winding, which is supplied to the candle, where a breakdown is formed and a spark jumps.
How to check the ignition coil?
Short circuit testing is performed in stages:
- visual inspection;
- checking the presence of voltage;
- resistance measurement using an ohmmeter;
- checking for a spark.
Visual examination reveals mechanical damage surfaces, the presence of oil drips, mud deposits, the reliability of connections and contacts of the electrical network. To check the voltage supply to the unit, you need to turn on the ignition and measure the voltage between terminal "B" and ground with a voltmeter. It should be 12 V. If the voltage is not supplied, then the problem is in the ignition switch.
To check the windings, the multimeter must be set to resistance measurement mode. To check, one probe of the multimeter is connected to the terminal of both windings, the second probe is connected to the terminal of the primary winding. In this case, the device will show the resistance of the primary winding (video by altevaa TV).
By connecting one probe of the tester to the terminal of the primary winding, and the second to the central terminal of the short circuit, you can measure the total resistance of both windings. In this way, you can get the value of the resistance of the secondary winding.
When measuring resistance on the windings, the readings should correspond to the following values:
- for the primary winding - 3-3.5 kOhm;
- for the secondary winding - 5-9 kOhm.
If the values differ from the above, the unit is defective and requires repair. A sign of a short circuit malfunction is the presence of a short to ground.
Do not touch the motor housing, as this will lead to breakdown of the short circuit winding and disable it.
In VAZ 2106 cars with injection engine there is no interrupter-distributor, two short circuits are used, which are located on the cylinder head cover. The voltage in the network is checked by a special controller. A common reason short circuit fault is overheating or turn-to-turn short circuit of the windings. This occurs if the engine is operated with excessive spark plug clearances or if there is no contact in the connections.
Typical unit malfunctions and ways to eliminate them
A common cause of component failure is faulty high-voltage wires and candles. The short circuit often flies if the ignition is turned on for a long time, and the engine does not work at the same time. At elevated temperatures, the insulating material of the windings dries out and crumbles. This causes a short circuit. The short circuit becomes unusable, it should be replaced.
Poor contact with the electrical wiring may be a possible cause of an inoperative short circuit. In this case, you need to tighten the contacts, clean the terminals from oxidation.
A weak spark is often the cause of a malfunction. In this case, the spark cannot penetrate a gap exceeding a distance of more than 5 mm. A working unit should punch a gap of about 15 mm. Otherwise, the short circuit is faulty and needs to be replaced.
Short circuit connection instructions
To carry out the operation of removing and replacing the short circuit, you need to prepare:
- heads or keys for "8" and "10";
- extension;
- small knob or ratchet.
KZ is located in the left corner of the engine compartment.
The replacement procedure consists of the following stages:
- First, remove the central high-voltage wire from the ignition distributor (distributor).
- Next, you need to disconnect the supply wires from the short circuit contacts with the key "8". To correctly connect the wires after installing a new node, it is best to remember how they are connected or mark them.
- At the next stage, you need to unscrew the two fastening nuts of the clamp, with which the KZ body is held.
- By unscrewing the clamp nuts, the coil can be removed.
- Next, a new product is installed, all wires are connected according to the marks.
The assembly is carried out in reverse order.
Photo gallery "Replacing KZ with a VAZ 2106"
After installing a new short circuit, you need to check the operation of the internal combustion engine.
Video "Short circuit malfunctions on the VAZ 2106"
This video tells about the short circuit and its malfunctions on the VAZ 2106 (video by INGENIEUR).
Connecting a magnetic starter and its small-sized versions is not difficult for experienced electricians, but for beginners it may be a task to think about.
The magnetic starter is a switching device for remote control high power load.
In practice, often, the main application of contactors and magnetic starters is starting and stopping asynchronous electric motors, their control and reverse engine speed.
But such devices find their use in work with other loads, for example, compressors, pumps, heating and lighting devices.
With special safety requirements ( high humidity indoors) it is possible to use a starter with a 24 (12) volt coil. And the supply voltage of electrical equipment can be large, for example, 380 volts and high current.
In addition to the immediate task, switching and control of a load with a high current, another important feature is the ability to automatically "turn off" the equipment in case of a "loss" of electricity.
An illustrative example. During the operation of some kind of machine, for example, a sawing machine, the voltage in the network disappeared. The engine has stopped. The worker climbed to the working part of the machine, and then the tension reappeared. If the machine were controlled simply by a switch, the engine would immediately turn on, resulting in injury. When controlling the machine's electric motor with a magnetic starter, the machine will not turn on until the Start button is pressed.
Magnetic starter connection diagrams
Standard scheme. It is used in cases when it is necessary to carry out a normal start of the electric motor. The "Start" button was pressed - the engine turned on, the "Stop" button was pressed - the engine was turned off. Instead of a motor, there can be any load connected to the contacts, for example, a powerful heater.
In this circuit, the power section is powered by a three-phase alternating voltage 380V with phases "A" "B" "C". In single-phase voltage cases, only two terminals are used.
The power section includes: a three-pole circuit breaker QF1, three pairs of power contacts of a magnetic starter 1L1-2T1, 3L2-4T2, 5L3-6T3 and a three-phase asynchronous motor M.
The control circuit is powered from phase "A".
The control circuit diagram includes the SB1 "Stop" button, the SB2 "Start" button, the coil of the magnetic starter KM1 and its auxiliary contact 13NO-14NO, connected in parallel with the "Start" button.
When the QF1 machine is turned on, phases "A", "B", "C" enter the upper contacts of the magnetic starter 1L1, 3L2, 5L3 and are on duty there. Phase "A", feeding the control circuits, through the "Stop" button comes to "3" contact of the "Start" button, the auxiliary contact of the starter is 13NO and also remains on duty on these two contacts.
note... Depending on the voltage rating of the coil itself and the supply voltage used, there will be a different coil connection diagram.
For example, if the coil of a magnetic starter is 220 volts, one of its outputs is connected to neutral, and the other, through buttons, to one of the phases.
If the rating of the coil is 380 volts - one output to one of the phases, and the second, through a chain of buttons to another phase.
There are also coils for 12, 24, 36, 42, 110 volts, therefore, before applying voltage to a coil, you must know exactly its rated operating voltage.
When you press the "Start" button, phase "A" hits the coil of the KM1 starter, the starter is triggered and all its contacts are closed. The voltage appears at the lower power contacts 2T1, 4T2, 6T3 and from them is supplied to the electric motor. The engine starts to turn.
You can release the "Start" button and the engine will not turn off, since using the auxiliary contact of the starter 13NO-14NO, connected in parallel with the "Start" button, self-locking is realized.
It turns out that after releasing the "Start" button, the phase continues to flow to the coil of the magnetic starter, but already through its own pair of 13NO-14NO.
If there is no self-pickup, it will be necessary to keep the "Start" button pressed all the time for the electric motor or other load to work.
To turn off the electric motor or other load, just press the "Stop" button: the circuit will break and the control voltage will stop flowing to the starter coil, the return spring will return the core with power contacts to its original position, the power contacts will open and disconnect the electric motor from the mains voltage.
What does the wiring (practical) diagram for connecting a magnetic starter look like?
In order not to pull an extra wire to the "Start" button, you can put a jumper between the output of the coil and one of the nearest auxiliary contacts, in this case it is "A2" and "14NO". And already from the opposite auxiliary contact, the wire is pulled directly to the "3" contact of the "Start" button.
How to connect a magnetic starter in a single-phase network
Wiring diagram for an electric motor with a thermal relay and a circuit breaker
How to choose a circuit breaker (circuit breaker) to protect the circuit?
First of all, we choose how many "poles", in a three-phase power supply scheme, a three-pole machine will naturally be needed, and in a 220 volt network, as a rule, a two-pole machine, although a single-pole one will be enough.
The next important parameter is the pickup current.
For example, if the electric motor is 1.5 kW. then its maximum operating current is 3A (the real operating current may be less, it must be measured). This means that a three-pole machine must be set at 3 or 4A.
But in the engine, we know, the starting current is much higher than the working one, which means that an ordinary (household) automatic machine with a current of 3A will work immediately when such an engine is started.
The characteristic of the thermal release must be selected D so that the machine does not trip when starting.
Or, if such an automaton is not easy to find, you can select the current of the automaton so that it is 10-20% more than the operating current of the electric motor.
It is possible to succeed in a practical experiment and measure the starting and operating current of a particular motor with the help of measuring clamps.
For example, for a 4kW engine, you can put a 10A machine gun.
To protect against motor overload, when the current rises above the set one (for example, phase loss), the contacts of the thermal relay RT1 open, and the power circuit of the coil of the electromagnetic starter is broken.
In this case, thermal relay acts as a "Stop" button, and stands in the same chain, sequentially. Where to put it is not particularly important, it is possible on the L1 - 1 section of the circuit, if it is convenient for installation.
With the use of a thermal release, there is no need to carefully select the current of the input circuit breaker, since the thermal relay of the motor should quite cope with thermal protection.
Connecting the electric motor through a reversing starter
This need arises when it is necessary for the engine to rotate alternately in both directions.
The change in the direction of rotation is carried out in a simple way, any two phases are swapped.
Ignition of a car is a set of devices and devices that provide ignition of the combustible mixture in the cylinders in accordance with the engine operating modes. I will tell you what this coil is, how important it is. correct work for the ignition system. Consider how the ignition coil connection diagram looks like, and actually, what it consists of.
The ignition coil is a transformer whose work is aimed at increasing direct current... Its main task is to generate high-voltage current, without which arson is impossible. fuel mixture... The battery current flows to the primary winding. It consists of a hundred or more turns of copper wire, which is insulated with a special substance. Low voltage (twelve volts) is applied to the edges. The edges are brought to the contacts on its cover. On the secondary, the number of turns is much higher (up to thirty thousand) and the wire is much thinner. The secondary is created high voltage(from twenty-five to thirty thousand volts) due to the thickness and number of turns.
It is connected as follows: the contact of the secondary circuit is connected to the negative contact of the primary, and the second contact of the winding is connected to the neutral terminal on the cover, it is this wire that is the high voltage transmitter. A high-voltage wire is connected to this terminal, the other end of which is connected to the neutral terminal on the cover. To create a large magnetic field strength, an iron core is located between the windings. The secondary winding is located inside the primary.
Structurally, the ignition coil consists of the following elements:
- Insulator;
- Frame;
- Insulating paper;
- Winding (primary and secondary);
- Insulation material between windings;
- Primary winding terminal;
- Contact screw;
- Central terminal;
- Lid;
- Output terminal on the primary and secondary windings;
- Spring of the central terminal;
- Primary winding frame;
- External insulation on the primary winding;
- Mounting bracket;
- Outer magnetic circuit and core.
So, briefly about the principle of work.
A high voltage current arises on the secondary winding, and at this moment a low current flows on the primary. Thus, a magnetic field arises, as a result of which a high voltage current pulse appears on the secondary winding. At the moment when it is necessary to create a spark, the contacts of the ignition breaker open, and at this moment the circuit on the primary winding opens. A high-voltage current is supplied to the central contact of the cover and rushes into the contact, near which the slider is located.
The connection diagram is quite simple for a specialist, but it is easy for a beginner to get confused in it.
When connecting the coil to the car's ignition system, in principle, you should not have any difficulties, in the case when, during preliminary dismantling, you indicated or remembered which wires are connected where. If you have not done this, then I will tell you how to do it. The connection is made as follows: a brown wire must be connected to the positive terminal. Usually, the positive terminal is indicated by "+", but if you do not see the sign, then you need to find it yourself. 
To do this, you can use an indicator screwdriver. I think you know how to use it. It is important, before connecting, clean all contacts and check the wires for serviceability. Black wire is connected to the second terminal (terminal "K"). This wire is connected to the voltage distributor (distributor).
The scheme of a bundle of several elements is as follows. TO on-board network one of the ends of the coil is connected. The second end is connected to the next, and thus each is connected to the last. The remaining free contact of the last coil must be connected to the distributor. And a common point is connected to the voltage switch. After all mounting bolts and nuts are well tightened, the replacement can be considered complete. 
Several important tips before replacing and connecting. In the case when you have determined for yourself that the coil is the problem of the ignition malfunction, it is better to immediately purchase a new one and connect it (the diagram is indicated above). So you will definitely be sure that now there are no problems with it, since it is completely new.
If you find any defects on the surface, it is better to replace it immediately. Otherwise, it will work for a while and you will have to return to this topic again. It is better to play it safe in advance so as not to stop somewhere on the road. After all, the ignition of a car does not require forgiving mistakes and negligence.
During car repairs, especially when it comes to the ignition system, you must be extremely careful in your actions. As you can run into high-voltage wires. Therefore, when carrying out a replacement or repair, you must follow the safety rules.
Video "Ignition coil connection diagram"
The recording shows how you can connect the coil yourself.
The main element of the ignition system - the ignition coil (KZ) - is a fairly reliable element of the car. Its failures are quite rare and are mainly associated with the purchase of a low-quality product or misuse... If, nevertheless, it became necessary to independently connect the ignition coil, it is not difficult to do the work if you follow a simple order of operations.
General information
By its design, the short circuit is similar to any other transformer. Electromagnetic induction converts the low-voltage primary current into a high-voltage secondary, which is then “sent” to the spark plugs to create a spark that ignites the fuel.
To connect a new ignition coil, it is not necessary to know the "mysteries" of physical processes, and understanding the coil structure is desirable in order to follow the sequence of work.
Any short circuit consists of:
- primary and secondary windings;
- hulls;
- insulator;
- outer magnetic circuit and core;
- mounting bracket;
- covers;
- terminals.
It is to the last elements of the coil through the wires, following the instructions, that the remaining nodes of the ignition system will be connected.
Connection procedure
The system looks like this:
- the lock is supplied with current from a battery or generator;
- when the circuit is closed current goes to the positive contact of the short circuit;
- The "mass" of the short-circuit goes to the distributor body, and the high-voltage wire goes to its cover.
- the distributor, with the help of four wires, transmits an impulse to the candles.
In the instructions for the car and on numerous automotive sites, the connection diagrams for the ignition coils are presented.
Regardless of the features of the car, the connection is the same:
- the wire from the lock has Brown color and is connected to the terminal with the "+" sign;
- the black wire is connected to "K";
- the third terminal (in the lid) is for the high-voltage wire.
On old cars (after replacing the wiring), the colors of the wires may differ. In this case, it is better to mark them when removing the old short circuit. If this is not done, you can see what color leads to the lock or distributor or ring "plus".
Thus, with the connection of only three "wires" different colors and even a schoolboy can handle it. The main task at the end of the installation is to check the reliability of the contacts and fasteners of the case, as well as to ensure the protection of the short circuit from moisture.
You can choose a new reel by car brand in!
Work gasoline engine internal combustion possible only with a spark in the combustion chamber. The spark must be applied in time and strong enough to ignite the air / fuel mixture. The ignition system of the car is responsible for this process. It consists of many elements and the ignition coil plays a very important role in the system.
It is very difficult for an electric spark to form in a dielectric environment created by a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber. The smallest electrical breakdown under such conditions is only possible with very high voltages. An electrical impulse of such strength simply cannot occur at a voltage of 12 volts, which the vehicle's on-board power supply system has. The voltage that can cause a short-term appearance of a spark on the spark plug electrodes must be at least ten thousand volts.
To create a pulse of such a high voltage, an ignition coil is used. It is designed to transform tension onboard system electrical equipment of 6, 12 or 24 volts in a short-term pulse with a voltage of up to 30,000 volts. The device transmits an impulse to the candle, where a spark arises between its contacts, which is necessary for the working mixture to ignite.
Ignition coils of one configuration or another are installed on all internal combustion engines, without exception, running on gasoline or gas. It is used on all types of ignition systems, without exception - contact, non-contact and electronic.
In principle, the ignition coil is very simple. It has two windings - primary and secondary. A wire with a large cross-section creates a primary winding, and the secondary winding is wound with a thinner wire and the number of turns can be up to 30,000. The primary winding has about one hundred turns. The windings are located around the metal rod - the secondary is below, and the primary winding is wound over it.
Both windings, like the core, are enclosed inside a dielectric housing, inside which is transformer oil. The entire assembly is a step-up transformer. A low voltage current is applied to its primary winding, and a high-voltage pulse is removed from the secondary.
Types of coils and their connection diagrams
With absolutely the same design, the coils are connected according to different schemes that determine the type of device:
- common coil;
- individual coil;
- double or two-pin.
The simplest and oldest type of coils. Its connection diagram assumes the presence of only one coil that transmits a high-voltage pulse to Switchgear- distributor. It already distributes high voltage between the plugs of the cylinders, according to the order of their work. This connection scheme can be used on all existing types of ignition systems - electronic, contact and non-contact.
The functioning of the bobbin is based on the process of electromagnetic induction - a high-voltage pulse occurs when small currents pass through the primary winding, exciting a magnetic field in the high-voltage winding, which causes a powerful pulse to appear, which goes to the candles.
Custom coil
Electronic ignition systems can only work with these coils. They differ in the connection scheme and externally - each candle has its own coil and this contributes to a much better synchronization of the valve timing with the moment of ignition of a mixture of gasoline and air.
Custom designed coils are dry and incorporate electronic igniter components. The windings are in reverse order, and the secondary current goes directly to the spark plug contacts. The design of these coils assumes the presence of a diode that cuts off high currents.
Twin ignition coils
Such devices are capable of supplying a spark to two cylinders at once. The use of these coils is justified in two-cylinder engines. But there is another type - quadruple coils, which simultaneously supply four sparks to four cylinders. The ignition system with these bobbins is simpler, although when a spark is supplied to two or four points, only one impulse is used, since in the remaining cylinders the pistons cannot be in the TDC phase and there is nothing to burn in these cylinders at this moment.
Ignition coils at the current stage of development of science and technology have no alternative, and the operation of ignition systems is not possible without them.
