Beginners, when they first enter the road, usually face 2 problems: smooth start-off and In fact, both processes occur in the same way - in both cases, the gearshift lever, the gas pedal and the clutch are activated. However, these stages have their own nuances. And in order to figure out how to properly switch the speed on a car, today we will devote a separate article to this.
At what point should I switch on which gear?
First you need to understand at what point you need to switch from to increased. The tachometer, speedometer and, of course, the sound of the engine always help us in this. We will not pay special attention to the noisiness of the latter, but on the readings of the dials - just the opposite. The question of when and how to change gears on a car is really nothing complicated. If the tachometer needle has left the green scale and slowly starts to turn into red, then we switch to a higher gear. For convenience, you can also use a speedometer. In this case:
Some vehicles have sixth gear. In this case, you should focus not only on the speedometer readings, but also on the tachometer needle. The principle is the same: when the value goes beyond the green scale (here you will just feel the characteristic roar of the motor), we turn on the increased speed. And switching from high to low occurs in the same way, only in reverse order... If the speed decreases, and the tachometer needle goes beyond the green scale to idle then it's time to engage the clutch and shift gears.
How to change the speed on the car?
We have already figured out at what moment which programs need to be turned on. Now we turn to the second aspect - the rules for switching gearboxes. In fact, there is nothing complicated in the question of how to change the speed on a car, you just need to understand the algorithm of actions. And it consists in the following stages:
- We release the gas and smoothly press on the clutch. It is important that the first pedal is turned off and the second is depressed with minimal waiting. In practice, you will catch this moment.
- We translate the gearshift lever according to the diagram drawn at the top of the handle to the desired position. But before you switch the speed on the machine, you first need to move the handle to the neutral position and after 1 second turn on the right gear... This is done in order to reduce the load on the transmission gears.
- Next, smoothly release the clutch and press on the gas a little.
- After you have completely released the clutch, apply pressure to the right pedal.
- Continue driving until the next gearshift.
At this stage, the question of how to properly switch the speed on the car can be considered closed.
And finally, a little secret: you can switch gearbox modes without observing the sequence. That is, when the car brakes sharply, it is not necessary to pull the handle from fifth to fourth, then to third and second gear. Feel free to turn on the required speed - the main thing is to be in the green scale.
Most experienced motorists do not want to use automatic transmissions, as they consider them unsafe and ineffective. In some ways they are right. Some automatic gearboxes in terms of their functions, they catch up with mechanical ones, and sometimes even surpass them. Since the cost automatic transmission much more, it is the manual gearbox that leads in the number of purchases. It is very practical and almost perfect in everything, but sometimes novice drivers do not know how to change gears while driving and starting. Work according to the scheme with manual transmission quite simple, but there are always some rules to follow.
Start
To move the car, first of all, you need to engage the gear in the desired position and open the fuel supply for more efficient acceleration. It turns out it's not all that complicated - clutch, first gear and throttle. When the car starts to start, it spends a lot of effort to move from a standstill, for this reason the engine often stalls. The basis for a smooth start of the car is the simultaneous pressing of the accelerator and clutch pedals. It is not talking about how to use the pedals, but about the use of the gearbox. Motorists prefer to get under way from first gear, this is very relevant, because the likelihood that the engine stalls is minimal. To engage the gear, you must fully depress the clutch pedal, while moving the lever with smooth movements. If the resistance is very sharp, and the gearbox makes strange sounds, return the manual transmission lever to its original position. Release the clutch again and press the pedal, preferably repeat. When the desired position is turned on, the effort of the lever will slightly decrease, and after that, its movement will stop. This will happen because at the end of the puzzle he will collide with the limiter. For driving in the cold season or during frost, it will be very handy to learn how to start from second gear. Such a process will help prevent the wheels from slipping and go into a skid or bury themselves in the snow. There are not many differences. On the manual transmission, you need to select the second gear so that there is no increase in the load on the engine, the balancing of the gas and clutch pedals should be relatively delicate. The gearbox is negatively affected by: 1) sharp shifting with the gearshift lever 2) abrupt removal of the foot from the clutch pedal 3) high fuel supply. Such actions can lead to malfunctions very quickly.
In move
When the car is moving, it is important to understand: 1) when to change gears 2) to achieve normal dynamics 3) to prevent damage to the gearbox. Various sources describe the recommendations for using each gear and the corresponding speeds for it. The speed that was carried out completely wrong, because each machine has its own level of power and each has its own ratio... Drivers with no experience are advised to look at the tachometer. For many cars, the 2500 to 3500 rpm range is the economical part of the engine. You do not need to grab the lever if the machine is moving at this crankshaft speed. Switching position y sports cars with motors high revs produced differently. Therefore, it is not worth saving, but you need to take a special course on management. high-speed cars... When the revs increase, you need to change the position to a higher one, while squeezing the clutch fully and be careful when the lever moves. The same must be done if rpm drops, but the gear must be changed to low. It is recommended to shift alternately, applying each gear at the moment of acceleration. You can, of course, not use the 1st and 2nd gearshift steps, just skipping over them. Do not forget to be careful when working with the clutch pedal, because of negligence, you can harm the gearbox shafts. In tough and tough moments, the manual transmission is great because it allows you to get ready. I turn on the reduced stage in the manual transmission, in particular, when:
- A sharp bend
- Overtaking
- Getting close to the big climb
Where to apply brake system it is impossible, for example, while driving on an icy road or on a sharp slope, it is necessary to brake with the help of the engine. You will need to release the accelerator completely, and then alternately change gears to low, do this until the vehicle picks up a suitable speed. In no case do not allow a large increase in engine vibrations, and if possible, do not try to help the gearbox with a brake. Experienced drivers often understand the outgoing sounds from the motor. In order to switch the steps by ear, you must first get used to your transport. Shifting gears with the feel of the car's reaction is the pinnacle of skill. The car owner can evaluate how quickly his vehicle accelerates when the accelerator is pressed, and also changes the gear position during the increase in revs, making your vehicle dynamics better. This requires tremendous skills and habits for a particular car.
The whole mystery of economy
The economical range, as we said just above, is 2500-3500 rpm. When driving evenly at an average or higher speed, it is recommended to select it exclusively for lower fuel consumption. Many people think that if you move rhythmically to high stages and delay the rotation of the crankshaft within 1000 - 1500 rpm, then they will reduce fuel consumption. This action is not correct to pick up speed with low revs, the car needs more fuel. The driver will not be able to react normally to the situation that has arisen, it will be difficult. For the correct gear shifting, you need to understand the presence of which layout is used in modern manual transmissions. Basically fifth and sixth gears, prepared only to reduce fuel consumption. Highest speed very often achieved in 4th or 5th gear, it largely depends on the number of steps. By switching on an overdrive earlier, this will not give a reduction in fuel consumption. As mentioned above, the turnover will drop to a minimum.
General proposal
In order to avoid early breakdown of the gearbox, wear of the clutch or engine, it is necessary not to make sudden movements of the lever, and correctly balance with the pedals, while trying to avoid sudden slipping and impacts. To reduce fuel consumption, it is necessary to constantly maintain engine speed in a moderate range. With the presence of a manual transmission, you can slow down the motor, thereby preventing you from getting into difficult situations. Having learned the rules for switching, you can then observe your car, getting the desired dynamics, minimum costs and safety.
How to get under way on the mechanics? Experienced drivers know that driving is much easier than learning to get under way. What actions must be taken in order to get under way and go? Initially, with the gear lever in the first position, gently release the clutch pedal. And slowly start moving at an initial low speed. To do this, very gently press the accelerator pedal and reach the vehicle speed up to 20 km / h.
Proceed with caution, too hard pressing on the gas pedal can cause a sharp forward movement, while causing wheel slip, leading to rapid rubber wear. Also, this action can cause an increased load on the engine. In addition, during a sudden movement, due to unexpectedness, the driver loses control over the situation and the road for a moment.
After the car has reached the desired speed of 20 km / h, it is necessary to remove your foot from the gas pedal and at the same time depress the clutch pedal all the way to the stop. Next, put the gearshift lever in the second position, thus switching from the first speed to the second. At the same time, between the transitions of speeds, you need to wait literally a second.
A second pause is necessary to align the speed of the gears in the gearbox. Further, quite smoothly, but at the same time and quickly, you need to lower the clutch pedal and depress the gas pedal, this action causes an increase in the supply of gasoline or other fuel. After completing all these steps, the speed of the car should, with your help, increase, and you can continue driving in second gear.
Driving in second gear.
For a certain period of time, the car should move in second gear, at this time you will feel more confident and comfortable behind the wheel, we read,. However, speed control should be at the level of sensations, the gaze should be focused on the road, and not on the speedometer. It is necessary, when driving in second gear, to have time to monitor the traffic situation, other participants road traffic, markup and many other factors. The ideal situation is when you control not only what is happening in front of you, but also what is happening both behind and to the left and right of your car. Try to look in the mirrors more often, we read,.
Driving in third gear.
Only after you have completely mastered the mechanism of starting the movement, as well as the movement of the car itself in first and second gear, when you can comfortably start the car, you can proceed to mastering the third gear. The actions similar to the previous ones that you performed when driving in second gear are repeated when driving in third speed. However, there is one important nuance, acceleration from the first speed to the third is not equal to 20 km / h, but 30-40 km / h. After you are confident in driving the car in third gear, you can shift to fourth and then to fifth.
When switching to more high gears, for example, fourth or fifth, the clutch pedal must be lowered more quickly than when starting the movement and shifting gears from first to second. Before switching from third to fourth position, the car must be accelerated to 50 km / h, and to the fifth - to 80-90 km / h.
Do not skip the gear change sequence. If the car is moving at a speed that is not enough for a certain gear, the engine may simply stall when it is shifted. Also, such actions unambiguously lead to rapid wear of car parts, including its main part - the engine.
Almost all modern cars equipped with tachometers. In this case, in order to understand the moment of the possibility of gear shifting, it is necessary to focus precisely on its readings, that is, on the speed crankshaft... The most acceptable is considered to be 2500-3500 rpm, but to start moving, you will need only 1500-1700 rpm. So-called idling provides for at least 600-800 rpm.
Reverse gear shifting.
In addition to gaining speed, one must not forget about the need for reverse action, that is, shifting gears from the highest to the first. This need naturally arises for fast braking. To do this, release the gas pedal, slow down, and then fully squeeze the clutch. Then, having engaged the required gear, release the clutch pedal very smoothly.
Thus, the car will comfortably switch to necessary transfer, after which the movement will continue at the required speed. Note that a lower gear means a smoother ride when you release the clutch pedal. Otherwise, the car may skid, which is extremely dangerous, especially in winter.
Often, a novice driver strongly twists the engine in first, then drives in second or third gear at a speed of 60-80 km / h instead of shifting to an increased one. Result - high consumption fuel, unnecessary loads on the internal combustion engine and transmission.
We also add that often the cause of problems is the incorrect operation of the clutch pedal. For example, the habit of not transferring the box to neutral while parking at a traffic light, that is, holding down the clutch and brake pedals at the same time, while the gear remains engaged. This habit leads to rapid wear and tear. release bearing clutch.
Also, some drivers keep their foot on the clutch pedal while driving, even slightly pressing on it and, thus, controlling traction. This is also not true. Correct position left foot on a special platform near the clutch pedal. Also, the habit of skewing the foot over the clutch pedal leads to fatigue, and the efficiency of taxiing deteriorates. We also note that it is very important to correctly adjust the driver's seat so that it is easy to reach the steering wheel and gearshift lever.
Finally, I would like to add that during training on a car with mechanics, a tachometer can help to change gears in a manual transmission correctly. In fact, by the tachometer, which shows the engine speed, you can determine the moment of gear shifting.
Driving with mechanical box gear changes: start and start of movement, when to include higher gears, braking, reverse.
All motorists know. The majority of novice drivers, from the beginning of their training at a driving school, have come across only with the "automatic". According to many, it is more convenient to use. But when such drivers change to a car with a manual transmission, problems begin. Not everyone knows how to properly change gears on the mechanics.
What is a gearbox
The gearbox is a mechanical unit that distributes the mechanical energy of the engine to the drive axles of the vehicle. On the passenger cars in most cases are installed manual boxes four-, five- and six-speed. There are checkpoints with a large number of gears, but, as a rule, they are equipped with construction machinery and special vehicles.
To facilitate the shifting of gears, a clutch is installed between the engine and the gearbox. The fact is that the engine crankshaft rotates continuously, and input shaft the box is connected to the crankshaft. To put gears of a given speed into engagement, you need to pause the rotation of the shaft. To do this, there is a clutch pedal in the car, when pressed, the gearbox is temporarily disconnected from the engine. And it is with the depressing of the clutch pedal that the mechanics begin.
The procedure for starting off by a car with a manual transmission
Basically, there is nothing difficult about moving a car with a manual transmission. It should be borne in mind that if on the "automatic" the engine speed is monitored by electronics, then in the case of a manual transmission the driver himself will have to "listen" to the engine.
Before you understand the mechanics, you need to move the car from a place and give it acceleration. To do this, follow the steps in the following order:
- Make sure the gear lever is in neutral and start the engine.
- Depress the clutch pedal and wait a few seconds. The pedal must be squeezed all the way, that is, to the floor.
- Engage first gear with a smooth but clear movement. Exactly smoothly, and not with force and jerk. No effort is required in all modern boxes. The lever moves easily, the gears are engaged freely and clearly.
- Smoothly release the clutch pedal, just as smoothly pressing on Do not immediately give "gas to failure". The car will simply jerk and stall. It is also not worth tightening with pressing. The engine may not have enough rpm to accelerate the vehicle.
How to change gears on mechanics in motion
Inexperienced drivers often forget to monitor the speedometer readings. As a result, they are lagging behind when shifting a gear to a higher one. If you listen to the car carefully, it will tell you when to switch to a different speed. But this experience comes with time. In the meantime, "the speedometer to help you." You should remember how to change gears correctly on the mechanics:
- 1st gear - from 0 to 15 km / h. In this gear, you need to get under way and go through the so-called "start phase", in which the car is gaining primary acceleration. As soon as the arrow of the speedometer has reached the 15 km / h mark, you should switch to the next gear.
- 2nd gear - from 15 to 30 km / h. In this gear, the car continues to accelerate. She is not cruising speed, but in second gear, you can drive through areas with difficult terrain. As soon as the car accelerates to 30 km / h, we switch to the next gear.
- 3rd gear - from 30 to 45 km / h. Most often they move at this speed in city traffic. But if the car enters the fast lane, then you should switch to a higher gear.
- 4th gear - from 45 km / h. On a four-speed gearbox, this gear is cruising speed. If the checkpoint has a greater number of steps, then the transition to them is also carried out in order of priority, when the car reaches a certain speed.
Now directly on how to properly change gears on the mechanics. First, there is no need to rush. The procedure is simple, and you need to learn it like "Our Father": squeeze the clutch, turn on the speed, release the clutch, press the gas. And in no case should they be confused!
