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The dream chair from the English trash heap and the history of the chairs
My husband and I had a keen desire to own such an armchair - a masterpiece of orthopedic construction while visiting the Museum of English Interiors (see the post about this museum.
The Balzac chair was designed by the English designer Matthew Hilton, and almost immediately these parameters: W 85 cm H 80 cm D 102 cm Seat H 43 cm made the model a cult model, which is still in demand among modern British people. You can see for yourself
We spent more than an hour around this marvelous exhibit, then sitting comfortably, then taking measurements, then anticipating the process of making it, then dreaming of buying something similar on the Internet. But after conducting market research, we postponed our dream "until better times" - there were no suitable materials for sale, and prices even on Amazon, even for second-hand copies, ranged from 2000 to 3500 pounds!
And now "the best times" have come - someone threw a chair with ears, similar to the Balzac model in excellent condition, into our trash heap. The colors only let us down a little, these flowers would look too "shabby-chic" in our strict living room, but in the monastery next to our house they were distributing unnecessary bedspreads and upholstery material the other day. It’s true that "by the grace of God" there were circumstances for the realization of the dream. I got a mustard-lemon canvas upholstery and a roll of filler (this material looks like a synthetic winterizer, but as hard as a washcloth). So, the chair from the dump was lifted, gutted and disassembled into its components. The main difference is that my husband cut the armrests out of a sheet of plywood with a jigsaw and attached them from the sides to the base of the "eared" armrests.
By the way, the concept of a chair has Slavic roots: earlier this was the name of three bars connected by a triangle, which were attached to the back of a cart or sled for transporting bulky luggage (for example, firewood).
The first associations that a combination of "English style" evokes are a burning fireplace, a cozy blanket, a soft sofa, a book on a dark wood coffee table and a cup of tea, luxury and restraint in one bottle. Speaking about upholstered furniture, we must not forget that at the time of the formation of the English style in the interior, Great Britain was the largest empire on the planet, and its possessions extended to the most distant islands.
Such a colonial past could not but influence the formation of the English style. On the one hand, the inhabitants of Foggy Albion sought to create a corner of "good old England" in the country where they found themselves on duty. On the other hand, Indian and Asian motives can be unexpectedly seen in the most respectable living room.
The development of furniture in England at the beginning of the 18th century. associated with the name of Thomas Chippendale (1718-1779).Chippendale furniture has a number of characteristics that distinguish it from French Rococo furniture. Passion for Chinese art manifested itself in the solution of the furniture legs, which have a curved shape with a wide frontal part, below with eagle claws squeezing a ball. Sometimes eagle's claws are replaced by a lion's paw or just an influx. The frontal part is decorated with carvings, often with a fan-shaped shell.
A distinctive feature of English furniture of this period is the absence of gilding and the rapidly developing use of mahogany,the central vertical slats of the backs have the silhouette of a violin or a tall slender vase, later the backs are made through. The seats are characterized by maximum comfort, especially the so-called winged chairs with high-rise armrests.
The furniture workshop was engaged not only in the production of individual furniture products, but also in the solution of the interior as a whole. For example, in the Nostel Priori estate (one of the estates equipped with the Chippendale workshop) everything, down to the door knockers, was done according to the project and under the supervision of the firm. Chippendale himself was directly involved in the work, and also entered into contracts with masters of those specialties that were not in his company (watches, curtains, mirrors, etc.). The Chippendale firm existed for over half a century.
Chesterfield (Сhesterfield). Lord Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield (1694-1773), demanded that his craftsmen come up with a chair that would be fitting for a gentleman and would not crumple the cuff of long coats. This is how massive chairs with straight backs and large rounded armrests were born. At the insistence of the count, they were tightly stuffed with horsehair and covered with leather, which was fixed with nails with shiny caps. This is how the Chesterfield style of decoration for armchairs and sofas was born.
Now "Chesters" - a great many have bred. They come in completely different designs and styles, sometimes so different from each other that sometimes it is simply impossible to make out the Chesterfield breed in the next leather chair. Only slightly rough constrictions with deep depressions on the back of the chair will immediately give you its origin.A large overhead pillow, a chubby quilted back that smoothly transitions into the handrails, as well as shiny metal rivets clearly indicate the noble origin of this model
Designer Renzo Frau invented the 100% English Chester sofa in 1912. He was inspired by the classic furnishings of English country clubs and houses. There is nothing better than sitting in one, drinking 30-year-old scotch, and talking about safari in Africa.
Furniture plays a very important role in the English interior. Made of wood, usually dark, solid, solid, it not only performs its basic functions, but also helps to create comfort in the room, the opportunitybe alone with yourself. But exactly To the sophisticated and capricious in matters of fashion, the royal court of France in the 18th century, we owe the birth of a rich range of armchairs for classic interiors. At the whim of royalty, original seating for bathing, smoking, sitting by the fireplace, card games, tete-a-tete conversation, midday rest, etc. were created. We owe the whims of queens to the appearance of a soft additional pillow called "marzipan", and chairs with an absolutely straight, slightly tilted back. And ladies' toilets with wide frame skirts made the armchairs much wider and deeper. However, English nobles and craftsmen also made history thanks to their "innovative" models.
1.
(Cabriolet). A type of light chair that appeared during the reign of Louis XV (1723-1774). It is distinguished by its ergonomically curved backrest. The first variation was an armchair with a back in the shape of a cello, then in later eras the “format” was applied to the traditional rectangular shape, “medallion”, “gondola”, etc. It got its name from the light vehicle of the late 18th century and was intended to be placed in the center of the room.
(A la Reine, "a la queen"). A type of light interior chair that arose in the second half of the 18th century at the request of Queen Maria Leshchinskaya, wife of Louis XV and gained particular popularity during the time of Louis XVI (1774-1785). Its characteristic feature is a straight, slightly tilted back of the "fitted" shape. In contrast to the Cabriole, it was placed along the walls.
(Bergère). This wide-backed recliner also owes its origins to the court fashions of Louis XV. His hallmark are solid side walls (from the seat to the handrail), often serving as a natural continuation of the back of the chair.
This type of seat has received several variations:
one. . An armchair with high solid side walls and peculiar bulges - "ears" at the level of the back end.
2.. A chair with solid walls, armrests and a rounded back, reminiscent of the shape of the bow of a gondola.
3. Bergère Marie Antoinette... A tall, stately armchair with a slightly curved back and low solid side walls ending in armrests.
four. . Bergere armchair, decorated with a decorative textile element along the edge of the upholstery.
5. Bergère hot air balloon or Bergère Pompidou. The most bizarre creation of the 18th century, which has taken root well in England. It is a tall, solid-walled armchair with a hemispherical dome.
(Marquise). A heavy low chair with a low back, armrests and the widest seat. It appeared in the 18th century with the emergence of a fashion for voluminous crinoline and frame skirts.
Montespan(Montespan). Comfortable armchair with extra horsehair cushion. It appeared in 1720 and immortalized the name of one of the favorites of Louis XIV - Françoise Montespan.
(Duchesse). A reclining armchair for midday relaxation, which appeared in the era of Louis XV century and received the name chaise longue (literally "long armchair") in the XIX century. Its prototype was a bed with a lambrequin at the end of the 17th century. In 1745-1780, the duchess was made with a deep curved back and bergeres armrests.
Has three variations:
1. Duchess. Long monolithic high-backed stock.
2. Duchess "broken". The armchair is split into two or three additional parts
3. Duchess - "bateau" (ship). Long monolithic bed with a high back on one side and a small side on the other.
Kozez(Causeuse, "chatterbox"). A low, heavy and wide armchair for two people, invented in 1760.
It should be borne in mind that the above types of chairs could get along well together. So among the antique furniture and modern editions you can find "Bergère Cabriole Montespan", "Cabriole Medallion", "Marquis Montespan", etc.
(Chauffeuse). A miniature low chair to sit by the fireplace. It was invented during the era of the Regency. The back of such a chair, as a rule, was made solid and curved in the shape of the back to protect against drafts.
Confidant(Confident). A salon piece of furniture consisting of two connected armchairs for confidential conversations. It appeared in the second half of the 19th century. In the era of Napoleon III, two chairs were arranged diagonally with an S-shaped curve.
(Indiscret, "tactless, chatty"). It is also a creation of the Napoleon III era, which complements the confidant variation with an armchair for the third party to the conversation.
(Voltaire). A very high back armchair with padded armrests, invented during the reign of King Louis Philippe I (1830-1848) and named after the great philosopher.
(Crapaud, "toad"). Small, low padded armchair for seating by the fireplace with a gondola back. The legs are often covered with a fringe or lambrequin. Later, there was a variation of the chair with a fully padded seat base. Was born also in the era of Louis Philippe.
www.pinterest.com and www.remontbp.com 
Hundreds of years majestic and elegant "Chair with ears"- an English armchair with a high back adorns the homes of those who value comfortable furniture. In England itself they call him Wingback chair: back with wings or winged chair. It is customary for us to call these protruding elements of the backrest ears, and the French decided that they look like cheeks. Such definitions for the armchair as “fireplace” and “grandfather's” have also taken root.
The wings are large and not very, straight and curly, similar to the wings of a butterfly and a bat.
There are many design variations: the chair can be smooth and quilted, with wooden and upholstered armrests, with a straight and rounded back, etc.
In the era of Queen Anne Stewart, it takes on elegance. He gets upholstery. It's not for nothing that this model is often called queen Anne style armchair.
Closer to the 19th century, the armchair becomes soft - they begin to fill it with horsehair. Expensive upholstery materials are used: velvet, brocade, embroidered fabrics.
French furniture makers borrow the popular shape and complement the wings classic bergere armchair (bergere). This is a very sleek French armchair with armrests, a high seat cushion and curved legs. It is distinguished by smooth curves. Initially, the Bergere had no wings or, as the French said, no cheeks. But, thanks to the English influence, this family was replenished with a winged variation.
French armchair: with and without ears
In the Victorian era, an English armchair with ears and a high back became an integral part of the design of clubs and libraries, offices and smoking rooms. As a rule, leather-upholstered armchairs were preferred for furnishing such interiors.A set of winged chairs that are not too massive and not very tall can be used in place of traditional dining chairs.
In the 20th century, interest in classic English armchairs subsided, but did not die out. The creators did not stop turning to historical styles, looking for inspiration in them and drawing ideas for their further processing. So, the famous Danish designer Arne Jacobsen in 1958 created, with its high eared back, reminiscent of a winged English model.
Modern designers seek inspiration from 50-60s styles XX century. A distinctive feature of such chairs is the original frame, which does not hide under the upholstery, but becomes a bright detail of the object, which was typical for models of the 50-60s. In a curved shape, the element, like a cradle, fits the rest of the chair. For instance,Luca Nichetto(Luca Nichetto) from the Portuguese company De La Espada came up with a chair Elysia:
Hans Jorgensen Wegner(1914-2007) world renowned Danish designer, designed over 500 models of chairs and armchairs. His work is organic and iconic.
Modern interior with designer armchairs by Jean Prouvet (Model 1951)
and Hans Wegner (the Papa Bear Chair he created in 1951).
exists in many modifications and remakes
Milo Boman extolled positive benefits good design on a person's life. His designs were forward-looking and unusual, but unpretentious and affordable.
An ottoman armchair from American designer Milo Boman with a stainless steel frame, executed in kiwi color, complements the furnishings of a home office in the Art Nouveau style.
The product was developed in 1987 and named Boldido
The use of chairs in the interior of various designs, styles, upholstery colors is typical for the fusion direction.
This is a kind of freestyle in the way of interior decoration - the more heterogeneous things, the more colorful the "mixture". But this creates a paradoxical atmosphere of harmony and charm.
Well, and a short photo report about my rework:
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Italian and domestic factories produce many models of armchairs called "Balzac" - BUT THEY DO NOT HAVE ANYTHING IN COMMON with the classic English model, in which the whole secret of the comfort and relief of the spine is in the correct (30 degrees) angle of inclination of the backrest and armrests that raise the forearms, as well as fairly deep seat.
FOR EXAMPLE, LIKE BALZAC:
What is not thrown out near our house:
Combining my talent as a seamstress and the skill of my husband as a carpenter and design engineer, we have made such a masterpiece: 
Stretched the fabric when wet, so that when it dries, it fits snugly.
4.
By the way, in our basement we have thrown away one more armchair. don't you need?
Compare with the original in leather:
Continuing about upholstered furniture in modern English ecru-beige style, see the next post.
Successful rework, friends! @Milendia
It is very important to ensure the safety of children during the trip. But for this you need to carry out the correct installation of the child seat. According to statistics, in 95 percent of cases, it avoids injury and injury.
Unfortunately, the level of protection is significantly reduced due to incorrect installation of the child seat. Another figure can be taken as an illustrative example. About 80 percent of parents buy expensive car seats, but install them incorrectly, resulting in zero efficiency.
Despite this, the designs of child seats only become more complicated every year. As a result, it is quite difficult to understand the instructions, especially since the design diagrams may differ from each other.
Installation child car seat in the car can be viewed in the following video:
How to install the chair on the straps
Installation instructions and diagram
To get started, be sure to study in detail the instructions that should come with the kit. Believe me, the construction of a child seat is not at all as simple as it seems at first glance.
Ideally, you should not place the car seat in the front seat. It is best to choose a seat in the back. The fact is that an airbag that pops out of the front panel on impact can cause serious harm to the baby.
Attention! The most safe place the middle of the rear seat is considered.
The child seat installation algorithm consists of the following stages:
- Move the front seat away so it does not interfere with the installation.
- Make room for installation and place the chair in the intended installation location.
- Stretch the seat belts over the intended area.
- Every effort should be made to tighten the straps.
- When the fixing elements are installed, check the shoulder area. It should be buttoned up. It is this element that is responsible for fixing the seat.
- Adjust the height of the rail. The belt should not be too high, as it can slide into the neck area when jerking.
- Once the chair is secured, apply some effort and move it in different directions. It must hold on tight. In this case, a small backlash is considered acceptable.
- Sit down the child and check how the belts fit. The gap between the baby and the strap should be slightly more than two fingers.
According to existing safety regulations baby chair must be checked every time before traveling. You can see the details of the installation in the diagram below.
Attention! The backlash should not be more than two centimeters.
At the moment, the most popular design on the market is a child seat with three fixation points. It provides a high level of protection, and its price is at an affordable level.
In some cases it happens that the length of the strap that comes with the basic set of the car is not enough to carry out the installation of a child seat in the car. In this case, you need to replace it with a longer one or choose another model of the chair.
When installing the structure, special attention should be paid to the group to which the device belongs. The fact is that the recommendations for installing chairs for children of different ages are seriously different. Take newborns, for example. They must be located facing the opposite direction. Simply put, the kid should look back.
Nuances when installing a child seat in the front seat
It is generally recommended to install the child seat on back seat car. But this rule cannot always be followed. For example, when it comes to a truck, the only option is to install the structure in the middle of the front seat.
Attention! If attaching a child seat to the front, be sure to deactivate the airbag.
If you do not have the ability to disable the airbag, then you can use one trick. It is enough to push back front seat back and install the child seat. This will protect your baby from collisions with the airbag.
Rules for installing a child car seat on the video:
What is the Isofix fastening system
The automotive industry is developing extremely rapidly. Engines are being improved every day, new transmission modifications and modern on-board control systems appear. Keeps up with the general trend and safety.
Belts play the main role in the safety of passengers. It is they who fix the body in a collision, protecting a person from injury and from more dire consequences. But first of all, the developers are trying to protect children from all kinds of dangers. An example of their work is the Isofix system.
The technology was invented in 1987, but it still retains its uniqueness. Of course, for more than twenty years, scientists have made many modifications to the design, but the principle has remained unchanged.
The authorship of the invention belongs to german concern Volkswagen. But the development was entrusted to the legendary manufacturer of child seats, Romer. The technology has received special distribution due to its simplicity and reliability. As a result, this standard has become a worldwide trend.
The validity of the system is confirmed by a law that was passed in 2011. According to him, absolutely all cars produced after this date in Europe must have this system in stock.
The Isofix construction is based on two steel hinges, which are shaped like the letter "P". They are spaced 280 mm apart. The required rigidity is achieved thanks to the strength frame that holds them together.
Attention! The power frame is placed under the seat backs.
But the device of a child seat with the Isofix system is not limited to these structural elements only. Not so long ago, scientists made one important change that affected the level of security and added work during installation.
Now, in order to ensure greater safety of the child seat, you must not forget about the anchor belt during installation. This is an additional anchor point. By appearance This is a regular crochet arc. It can be adjusted in length.
The third belt significantly reduces the stress on the main fastening mechanisms. But its main purpose lies in reducing the force of the whiplash, which occurs during an emergency stop or collision.
As an alternative to the anchor strap, a support can be used in the construction of the child seat. Fortunately, its installation is not particularly difficult. Its main disadvantage is less reliability in comparison with the "anchor".
The same task is performed by a special emphasis on the floor for chairs installed in the direction of travel. It is not as efficient as an anchor strap and makes the structure a little larger, but does not require additional fastening brackets in the car.
When it comes to the Isofix system, it is impossible to ignore the group of seats for which it is possible and impossible to install this system. First of all, if you do not use straps fixation, then only groups 0, 0+ and 1 can be installed.
When it comes to the second and third group, the main fixation is due to the belts. The Isofix system plays a secondary role in providing a more secure fit during installation.
Attention! Separately, we need to talk about universal devices with the Isofix system. They can be fastened using simple straps with three fixing points.
If we take as an example the American safety standards, which stipulate the use and installation of the Isofix system, then this is LATCH. In fact, this is the standard for mounting child seats.
Installation instructions for a chair with Isofix system
The Isofix child seat is secured thanks to two locks. Separately, it must be said that almost all technical specifications hinges and clips are strictly regulated by European legislation. The installation algorithm itself is quite simple.
- Find the staples. They are at the base.
- Pull the two brackets to the brackets (they are at the bottom).
- Use the tabs to grab the staples.
Important! A sign that you have done everything correctly will be a characteristic click.
The anchoring child seat has additional features in the installation. To achieve complete fixation of the structure, you need to hook the hook to the bracket. It is located behind the seat back. In some cars, it can be found in luggage compartment or even on the ceiling. Fortunately, this does not affect reliability.
We install the Isofix child seat according to the LATCH standard
For installation, a regular belt or a lower one is used. Use whichever option provides the best fit. The car seat must be pressed firmly into the car seat. In this case, the structure should not move by more than 2.5 centimeters.
According to this standard, an anchor belt must always be used. It is very important to hide the seat belts from children after installing the system. This will prevent babies from getting entangled in them.
Attention! It is best to lock the unused belt tensioners.
The installation direction of the child car seat depends on the age of the child. For those who are younger - against the course, for older children - in the direction of travel. To check the reliability of the structure, you need to grab it where the belts pass and pull it several times. The easiest way to install is two people.
As you can see, different systems have different installation systems. But it is worth noting that in modern security standards, they can be combined. Moreover, when it comes to older children and the Isofix device, such a precaution is mandatory.
Correct installation child car seat in the car. Explanations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan on video:
The disadvantage of the standard back is that only three springs are installed inside it, which are not able to provide the necessary support for the driver's spine. To modify the backrest, you will have to disassemble the seats (see lumbar support).
If you install additional springs in the back of the VAZ seats (there are six in total), then you will not notice any special improvements, the arrangement of the springs itself is not optimal. In order for the spine to comfortably need a solid support, therefore, as a result, the simplest design was chosen, in which the upper part of the back is closed with a piece of iron (by the way, on newer seats a piece of plastic of a similar shape is installed in this place), and the lower part of the back is covered with plywood or fiberboard ... The springs can be left on or removed, it doesn't matter.
By the way, similarly, using a piece of plywood, you can solve the problem with seat subsidence.
Lateral seat support
Unlike the VAZ on foreign cars, the seats are with lateral support. To add / increase lateral support, you can proceed as follows. Thick foam rubber is cut to the desired shape and installed in the sides of the seats (if you wish, you can use additional foam rubber for the backrest as well). The shape and size is selected individually, depending on the size of the driver.Bitoplast (sound-absorbing material used for sound insulation) with a thickness of 10 mm can also be used as lateral support. Pieces of this material are cut to the desired shape and then glued to the metal seat sides.
As for the seat (lower part of the seat), then we do the same. However, the load on the material in this place is much greater, and so that the seat retains its shape and does not slide to the sides, one spoke was installed in the cushion at the factory (transverse, in the figure it is red). If you look closely, you will notice that there are cavities in the frame for the longitudinal spokes, but they are not installed (green in the figure). It feels like the factory knew that the VAZ seats would be refined on their own.
To install these two additional straps, you will need to find a hardened wire 2-3 mm thick. Then:
- Place two knitting needles in the middle of the foam, under the cavities. They will be the base of the mount. (in the figure the lower is red)
- Install six rings for communication (green).
- Install a removable knitting needle with bent ears (they are for connection with a transverse knitting needle), 2-3 cm shorter than the length of the cavity.
- Assembly of the seat, and the upper spoke after assembly should lie tightly on the foam rubber.
You can add or strengthen lateral seat support not only for the back, but also for the head. The familiar, regular seat headrest can be altered by changing its shape. To do this, you need to disassemble it to the iron frame. Form a new skeleton using PVC plastic panels and polyurethane foam. So that the seat upholstery is not damaged, we wrap it with adhesive tape. After the foam hardens, we process it with a knife, giving it the desired shape. Now you need foam rubber, which should be sheathed with our headrest.
In conclusion, we put on covers that were made with our own hands according to the new shape of the seats:
Conclusion
If the standard shape of the VAZ seats does not suit you, then you can always try to change it. Do not make the side supports too large, otherwise the standard covers will not fit, and you will have toThe invention relates to the construction of seats with an adjustable tilt or recline and is aimed at increasing the comfort of placing a user on a device containing such a seat. The seat structure includes a support frame, seat and backrest. The seat includes a seat frame formed by sidewalls, a front cross member and a rear cross member, and is pivotally connected to the support frame by at least one attachment mechanism located below the surface of the seat. At least one balance spring is installed between the seat and a support frame containing the first and second side members, as well as front and rear frame members. The attachment mechanisms are mounted asymmetrically with respect to the seat relative to the center axis of the seat, such that the pivot axis passes between the knees and thighs of the user who sits on the seat structure in a normal position with their legs parallel and leaning back against the seat back. The fastening mechanism is located between the seat sides and the side members of the support frame. 4 n. and 4 c.p. f-ly, 11 ill.
The technical field to which the invention relates
The present invention relates to a seat structure for a couch, armchair, sofa (chaise longue) or the like. In particular, the invention relates to a seat structure with an adjustable tilt or recline.
State of the art
DE 10200401 A1 discloses a couch in which the seat can be reclined by means of a lifting device installed at the rear edge of the seat. However, such a reclining mechanism is only suitable for converting the seating position into a reclining cushion for back support.
In addition, on some models in the Applicant's StressLess series of couches, curved rails are provided in the seat and backrest to allow each seat to be pushed forward or raised.
However, all known solutions are very complex and contain many interacting elements. This contributes to higher production costs and therefore leads to a high product price, and may also limit the "comfort range" of the product, i. E. positions in which the user is comfortable to sit or lie on the couch.
Disclosure of invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a couch or other seating / reclining furniture that provides increased comfort by adjusting the seat angle without limiting the number of user-friendly positions or substantially increasing the price of the product.
This object is achieved by a seat structure according to claim 1, which is suitable for use in a couch, armchair or sofa.
Brief Description of Drawings
Below is a more detailed description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:
1 is a perspective view of a tilt seat structure with the bolster removed.
fIG. 2 is a side view of a seat structure with a side wall removed,
fig. 3 is a corresponding side view with the seat tilted downward,
fig. 4 is a front view of the seat structure,
fig. 5 is a top view of the seat structure,
6 is a top longitudinal section and side view of a sofa with a seat structure according to the invention; the sofa is shown without bolsters, with the seat in the first flat position,
fig. 7 - sofa with a seat in the second position,
fig. 8 is a detail of a sofa; the elastic element used, a is a perspective view, b is a sectional view,
figures 9 and 10 are perspective views of examples of furniture incorporating the seating structure according to the invention and implemented as a couch and a sofa, respectively.
Implementation of the invention
1 shows a seat structure according to the invention. As shown in the drawing, two seats are installed side by side to form a two-seater sofa. The invention relates to a seat structure that can be used as a main component in any seating furniture. The drawing only shows the body, seat and backrest. When used in an armchair or sofa, sides, bolsters, cushions, etc. are also provided.
The seat structure 1 includes a support frame 2, a backrest 3 and a seat 4. The support frame 2 consists of four vertical plates forming a rectangular block with an open top and bottom. This support frame is intended to accommodate the components that make up the furniture, in particular seat 4, backrest 3, legs 5, etc. In this case, each support frame includes first and second side members 2a, b, as well as front and rear frame members 2c, d.
The seat 4 includes a seat frame 6, seat springs 7 and at least one hinge attachment mechanism. In this embodiment, the seat frame 6 is in the shape of a square with four sides formed by two substantially rectilinear mutually parallel front and rear cross members 9a, b, of which one extends next to the backrest 3 and the other parallel to it along the front side of the frame, and two angular or curved mutually parallel sidewalls 10a, b. The seat springs 7 bind the seat frame 6 between the front and rear cross members 9a, b to form a springy surface for a cushion or the like. The attachment mechanism is made up of two hinge attachment devices 8a, b mounted on the side members 2a, b for attaching the seat 4 to the support frame 2. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the seat frame includes a third cross member 10c that protrudes beyond the perimeter of the seat frame with the ends of said crossbeam suspended in attachment devices 8a, b on a support frame. The fastening devices are in the form of support blocks made of a suitable material, in particular wood or metal, but preferably plastic. The cross member increases the rigidity of the seat frame. In an alternative embodiment, short pipe lengths can be welded to the seat frame on which the attachment devices are mounted.
In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the attachment devices 8a, b are mounted asymmetrically to the seat 4 with respect to a central axis passing through the seat, so the pivot axis will pass between the knees and thighs of the user who sits on the seat in a normal position with their legs parallel and reclined on the back of the seat. The attachment devices can be installed, for example, one third of the distance from the front of the seat. The object of the invention is to arrange the attachment devices in such a way as to provide a self-balancing reclining of the backrest. Preferably, the attachment devices do not contain stops or brakes, so the inclination is limited by the attachment devices and their arrangement in conjunction with the springs.
The attachment mechanism also provides for a substantially horizontal position of the seat when the user is lying on it and a downward tilt of the seat at the rear when the user sits down. The seat tilts back, i.e. to the back at an angle greater than 0 degrees, preferably 0 to 10 degrees, more preferably 3 to 7 degrees, 2 to 6 degrees, 4 to 8 degrees, or 4 to 6 degrees, and most preferably about 5 degrees relative to horizontal surface.
The self-balancing seat angle setting enhances the user's comfort in both the sitting and lying position.
Fig. 2 shows a side view of a seat structure according to the invention, with the side wall of the support frame removed. The curved sidewalls 10a, b include end portions 11a, b projecting rearwardly beyond the seat frame. The end portions 11a, b are located between two end stops or surfaces 12, 13 that are below the backrest. The end stops 12, 13 limit the angle of inclination of the seat 4 since the sidewalls rest on the upper end stop 12 in the horizontal position and on the lower end stop 13 when the seat is tilted downward towards the rear. However, the seat 4 can also stop at intermediate positions between the end stops if this provides balance for the user.
Figure 4 is a front view of a reclining seat 4. In the seat structure shown on the left, the seat 4 is tilted downward while the seat in the structure shown on the right is horizontal. One or more balance springs 14 are installed between the support frame and each of the side frames 10a, b or the rear cross member 9b. If the seat is not loaded or insufficiently loaded to change the balance, the balance springs 14 press on the seat 4, keeping it in a horizontal position. In this case, the horizontal position means the unloaded or passive position in which the seat is located if it is not occupied. It should be noted that in the passive position the seat can also have a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a balance spring 14 is provided under each end portion of the sidewalls 10a, b. The spring is mounted under the lower end stop 13 and the end portion of the sidewall, respectively. If the seat 4 is loaded, the rear part presses and compresses the springs. Thus, the seat will tilt downward towards the backrest 3 with some resistance. The user will have the impression of being "immersed" in the seat, which will increase the feeling of relaxation and comfort. If the user wants to lie down (here we assume that the seat structure is used in a sofa consisting of several seats connected in series with each other), the distribution of the user's weight on seat 4 will change, i.e. the user's center of gravity will be displaced such that the resistance of the balance springs 14 pushes the seat 4 upward and re-establishes a substantially horizontal plurality of seats to provide a comfortable position, for example for an afternoon nap.
Coil springs, leaf springs, or resilient elements can be used in place of corner counterbalance springs as shown in the drawings. It is also possible to use a single spring located either in the middle of the cross member or offset from the middle. Balancing springs can also be located in the attachment device and / or in combination with it, for example in the form of torsion springs.
In another embodiment (not shown), the attachment mechanism includes one or more hinges mounted on the seat (at its bottom side), said hinges being attached to a rod extending between the side members of the support frame.
As indicated above, the seating structure according to the invention can be used in several types of furniture. Figure 6 shows a sofa using this seat structure. A flap 16 is connected to the front of the seat at the hinge points 17a, b. The opposite end of the flap is also connected to the support frame 2 at the hinge points 18a, b of the attachment. When the seat 4 is tilted in one direction, the flap 16 will tilt in the opposite direction, forming a fold in the seat surface and a bulge near the knees of the user occupying the sofa. If the user lies down on the sofa, the seat returns to the passive position, forming a rectilinear continuous surface suitable for one user to lie down, for several users to sit, or to partially rest the users on the sofa.
7 shows a sofa with a seat 4 in a second position, where the seat tilts downward towards the back 3. When the seat is tilted, the rear cross member 9b closest to the back 3 tilts downward, while the front cross member 9a closest to the folding part 16 leans upward. Thus, the flap 16 tilts upwardly in the vicinity of the seat 4 and pivots around the hinge attachment devices 18a, b, with the flap 16 and the seat 4 forming an angle greater than 0 degrees. This situation occurs, for example, when the user sits, leaning against the back 3.
Compared with the known solutions, the chaise longue or sofa according to the present invention is characterized in that the seat and the folding part are connected at pivot points 17a, b and, in addition, have independent pivot suspensions at opposite ends. Therefore, if the seat and flap are tilted, the entire assembly must be sliding in order to be able to tilt. Such expansion is preferably provided at the pivot points 17a, b between the seat and the flap. In a first embodiment, the hinges may be conventional two-piece, tubular-ended hinges for installation in a seat frame and a corresponding frame in a flap. Each hinge can be attached at its first end to the frame, and at the other end to slide freely inside the tubular frame. Both ends can slide freely as well. Therefore, when the seat is tilted up, the frames at the hinge points move slightly to the sides.
However, it is preferable to implement each pivot point 17a, b in the form of the elastic hinge shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b. It is a tubular body 19 made of elastic material. The hinge is biconical or conical in the direction of both ends and has an annular protrusion 20 in the middle. The hinge is preferably completely or partially covered by a wall 21 located in the middle of the interior of the tube. Such a hinge can be easily fitted as it fits into the tubular ends of the frames. The hinge consists of only one element and has good wear resistance. In addition, it does not squeak during operation.
1. The structure (1) of the seat, including the support frame (2), the seat (4) and the back (3), while the seat (4) includes the seat frame formed by the sidewalls (9a, b), the front cross member (10a) and the rear crossbar (10b), and is pivotally connected to the support frame (2) by means of at least one fastening mechanism (8a, b) located below the surface of the seat (4), while at least one counterbalancing spring (14) is installed between the seat ( 4) and a support frame (2) containing the first and second side elements (2a, b), as well as front and rear elements (2c, d) of the frame, characterized in that the fastening mechanisms (8a, b) are installed asymmetrically relative to the seat ( 4) compared to the center axis of the seat, such that the pivot axis passes between the knees and thighs of the user, who sits on the seat structure in the usual position, with his legs parallel and leaning back against the seat back, while the said attachment mechanism (8a, b) located between the sidewalls (9a, b) of the seat (4) and side members (2a, b) of the support frame (2).
2. Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that said seat frame or its protruding part is located between at least one end stop (12, 13) of the support frame (2), while said end stop or stops (12, 13) limit the possible angle of rotation of the seat (4).
3. A structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fastening mechanism is located approximately 1/3 of the distance from the front element (2c).
4. Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the seat (4) is tilted downward by no more than 10 degrees, and preferably 5 degrees from the horizontal line.
5. A couch comprising a seat structure (1) according to one of claims 1-4.
6. A sofa comprising a seat structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the folding part (16) is pivotally connected by the first end to the seat (4) as an extension thereof, while the folding part is also pivotally connected at the second end, opposite said first end, with a support frame.
7. Sofa according to claim 6, characterized in that the folding part is connected to the seat by means of elastic hinges (17a, b).
8. Armchair including the seat structure (1) according to one of claims 1-4.
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The question of how we sit in cars deserves serious attention. It has been a long time since the car was invented in the 19th century when there were no springs in the seats and the lining was not that thick. As a result, the person felt every bump in the road. Today's seating offers significantly more comfort.
With padding and straps, modern seating has become a real comfort zone. Components are manufactured individually and delivered to this plant for assembly. They come based on the needs of the production process, which leads to a lack of large stocks. Delivery of parts is ongoing, because 400 different types seats.
Parts are brought to the conveyor exactly when they are needed there. This assembly line has 60 workers and each has its own function. They receive and scan an assembly card for each part. This allows a central computer to track the flow of parts and ensure that the right parts are used to assemble the right type of seat.
The operator inserts the heating element with its wires into the seat cushion. She freely lays the fabric cover over the element and secures it with wire. The seat then moves to another area where the operator completes the wrapping process. Each worker has only 88 seconds to complete her task, so there is no time to sit here.
A heating element is inserted into the back of the seat and closed. Airbag is inserted into a special sleeve. These seats are equipped with springs that attach to the frame to support the lower back. The cushion assembly is put on the spring loaded frame and the cords are tightened. All folds are smoothed out - this is called finishing. And then the headrest is inserted.
Now they are taken for the lower frame. It is equipped with a seat height adjustment mechanism. Electrical connections follow. Then they attach the lower frame to the back cushion.
Next comes the installation of the tensioning mechanism, which sets correct position seat belt and then connect the set of electrical terminals. Install the bottom cushion and the expanding spring. The plastic sidewall gives the structure a sleek look.
It's time to test drive this seat. They turn on the power source and check if the airbag and seat heater are working. They iron out all the creases with an iron, since the car factory will return them all the seats that look imperfect. The seat is folded in and out to ensure that the adjustment system is correct.
The rear seats are assembled using the same technology. Here, each worker has only 88 seconds to complete their operation. In total, it takes 62 minutes to assemble one seat.
Before being sent to the car factory, they photograph each seat for the production protocol - this is proof that the products left the factory in perfect condition.
Now you can use these seats to drive onto the road. The seats are attached to the shipping pallets and loaded onto the trailer, 60 seats at a time. They will be delivered to the car factory exactly at the moment when the cars for which they are intended will leave the assembly line. Once they are in place, all you have to do is sit back, buckle up and enjoy the ride.
