"A new silent and eco-friendly transport - an electric office - begins to work in the capital" - reportsportal Mos.ru. Commissioning of electricians on September 1-2 ended unsuccessfully: problems with recharging, non-working air conditioning systems and other breakdowns.
On September 1, the presentation of the first electric work was held at the VDNH, where a candidate for mayor of Moscow Sergei Sobyanin was present, as well as the head of the Transport Department Maxim Liksutov.
M-24 placed the prepared pre-news https://t.co/vwbv9u0qp0.
The founder of "urban projects" and Urbanist Maxim Katz informed in his tweet that the first electric desk with Sobyanin drove 500 meters on board and broke. Subsequent launches ended disappointing: problems with charging, a non-working air conditioning system, permanent stop and breakage.
Moscow City Hall and media silence the situation. Sergei Sobyanin expected that the launch of electric drives significantly improve the environmental situation.
So, several times during the Mayor period, the launch of electricians was announced and such a result is clearly not what I expected to get S.S. Sobyanin a week before the single voting day.
Three-quarters of urban transportation of passengers by 2030 will perform the subway, electricians, gas and other environmental buses. About the plans "Izvestia" told in the Ministry of Transport. So far in Russia harmless to ambient Only half of passenger traffic. The Ministry of Environment records that emissions from vehicles grow and the current level of pollution is fraught with more than 80 diseases of citizens.
By 2030, in the largest cities and urban agglomerations, no less than 70-75% of passenger traffic should perform eco-friendly transport, consider in the Ministry of Transport. About this "Izvestia" told in the department.
We are talking about buses working on natural Gas, and transport with electric motors - trams, trolley buses, metro, electric trains, cars and hybrids, cable cars, cableways, Electric workers and so on. According to Rosstat for 2017, on average, the country for eco-friendly transport accounted for a little more than half of urban passenger traffic. About 47% of urban transport of passengers made buses and route taxi. They are mostly non-non-scientific: 95% of buses work on diesel fuel, evidence of the data of the interregional trade union of employees public transport.
The Ministry of Transport suggests that the transition to eco-friendly transport will reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Motor transport is one of the main sources of air pollution in large cities, is indicated in the latest final report of the Ministry of Industry, presented on the site of the department. The volume of emissions from vehicles maintains a tendency to increase and in 2017 amounted to 14.5 million tons, indicated in the document.
The impact of hazardous environmental factors on health is associated with more than 80 diseases and injury types. Thanks to the provision of a healthier environment, it would be possible to prevent 13 million deaths in the world annually, - noted in the report of the Ministry of Environment.
Almost all buses in Russia operate on diesel fuel, their re-equipment will require capital investments, the chairman of the interregional trade union of public transport workers Yuri Dashkov said. Now there are about 30 "gas" passenger fleets in the country (two of them in Moscow). The re-equipment of the diesel bus on gas costs 60-80 thousand rubles, the expert told. At the same time, the blue fuel itself is cheaper almost a half times, he noted. Also in fleets will have to install gas stations to refuel buses - they will cost approximately 1 million rubles each, Yuri Dashkov told.
In many European countries, for example, in the Netherlands and France, urban electric transport and Russia have already been actively using this experience in armament, the expert of the National Expert Council for Training and Testing Drivers Alexander Lykin believes. However, the full transition to the electric transport is inexpedient because of the high price of electricity, he said.
The gas is considered the most environmentally friendly fuel in the world, as it burns without the formation of smoke, the director of operations FM Logistic Alexander Pavlov said. When using it motor oil You can change twice as much as it added. Gas transport thanks to the cheapness of fuel popular in India, Colombia, Pakistan, said expert.
It has previously known that sales of electric vehicles in Russia increased by 72% in eight months compared with the period from January to August 2017. However, in Russia, Russia is still about 2.5 thousand electrocars.
Daily public transport drives hundreds of kilometers and burns hundreds of fuel liters. But with the growth of cities, the need for public transport increases everything, the load on the road is growing, and at the same time it grows and the number exhaust gases, soot, dust and soot in the air. And all this breathe drivers, passengers and pedestrians. Probably, in every major city of Russia there is an acute need for such a public transport system that caused minimal environmental damage, responded to environmental demands of modernity.
So far, in Russia, the problem is still beginning to acquire the sharpness, in a number of cities in the world, the first steps have already been made to change the situation for the better .. so, for example, in New York, the program for the translation of urban transport to alternative energy sources has existed for more than 20 years. According to her, the city's streets run buses on liquefied gas, and old diesel buses are subject to replacement to newer, with additional filters.
A similar situation exists in the capital of Great Britain. In March 2006, hybrid buses appeared on the streets of London. All buses successfully passed tests. Inspired by this city authorities stated that in a short time, everything without exception buses will ride on hybrid engines. And most recently, Londoners became the participants of another experiment with public transport - 10 buses appeared in the city, which are driven by fuel elementsworking on compressed hydrogen. Passengers have already appreciated their silentness and smoothness. At the same time, environmental buses develop a rather serious speed - up to 80 km / h.
In China, Beijing, now runs 1000 hybrid buses. They use only 29.5 liters of gasoline per 100 km. This amount of fuel goes to generate electricity, which is necessary to bring the bus to move. Environmentalists note a significant reduction in harmful emissions into the atmosphere and improving the environmental situation in the city. Several such buses mayor Beijing presented to the Government of Moscow.
It is interesting in German Hamburg, where the program "Pure urban transport for Europe" is quite successfully implemented. Within the framework of the city program, 30 buses operating on hydrogen drive. Hydrogen as fuel is notable for the fact that water is formed during its combustion. At the same time, no exhaust gases and combustion products are discarded into the atmosphere. The only difficulty is that the release of pure hydrogen is a rather complicated and laborious process, but Hamburg's authorities hope to solve this problem soon.
In Russia, since 2010, the ecobuses have successfully run in Krasnodar. It is noteworthy that all of them are the development of an Engels trolleybus plant. There are such buses on natural gas and electricity. Like everyone else vehiclesworking on electricity, they are silent. Ecrafts are quite friendly environment - emission harmful substance significantly reduced.
Experiments on the introduction of ecobus as public transport are now held in many cities of Russia, including Moscow. Therefore, given the global trends we can safely assume that the public transport systems of large cities in Russia will soon be revised in favor of the introduction of environmental buses.
In the environmental rating of the subjects of the Russian Federation of the All-Russian Public Organization "Green Patrol", Moscow ranked fifth, rising over the year by 9 positions. Improve the state of ecology in the capital helped, including measures for the development of urban transport system.
Environmental rating Subjects Russian Federation Published since 2008 and is published four times a year: in winter, in spring, summer and autumn. According to the results of winter, 2016-2107 Moscow ranked 5th. Last winter, the capital was posted on 14 positions. The basis for calculating the environmental rating is the operational data on environmentally significant events, incidents and issues. You can get acquainted with the methodology of calculation on the website "Green Patrol" www.greenpatrol.ru/sites/default/files/_ppt_1_0_0.pdf
According to the rating, the ecological situation in Moscow influenced the transport decision of the recent years - entry of a paid parking lot, the purchase of a new rolling stock of public transport, the creation of pedestrian spaces and cycles in the framework of the program "My Street", regulation of truck traffic and other initiatives.
Public transport is one of the most eco-friendly movements in the capital's roads. From 2013, buses purchased in Moscow correspond to environmental class EURO-5 engine. Bus depot The carrier of the PSU "Mosgortrans" is updated by 95%. In 2016, due to the reform of ground urban passenger transport 2 thousand new eco-friendly vehicles came to the routes. The average age of buses of commercial carriers is 1 year, and Mosgortrans - 4.9 years.
In the next three years, 100 trams will be delivered to Moscow every year. Each modern three-section tram is transported by 30% more passengers than the tram of the usual design. In addition, a new electric office of Russian production is underway in the capital.
In 2016, the number of urban transport passengers increased by 600 million people compared with 2010. Muscovites have become wiser to use the car, preferring other ways to move around the city. The launch of the movement along the Moscow central ring, as well as the introduction of the new route network "Magistral" in 2016 made urban transport more conveniently and attracted new passengers. The growing popularity of Moscow taxis and carcharing systems also reduces the number personal cars In the city and improve the road situation, which has a positive effect on the environmental situation in the city.
"The work of the Government of Moscow, and in particular, the transport complex, in the direction of the reorganization of the city allowed Moscow to enter the top 5 rating of ecology. Moscow is almost one year earlier than the rest of the regions of Russia, adopted a law on the sale of the Euro-5 fuel, which had a positive effect on air quality. Positive effect Dali and disembarking trees, input paid parking, entry restriction cargo transport"Andrey Nagibin noted the Chairman of the All-Russian Public Organization of Green Patrol.
"Construction of a residential foundation, population growth and an increase in the number of cars require new decisions from the government to improve the state of urban ecology and improving the quality of life of citizens. In 2017, we will continue to buy modern and eco-friendly rolling stock, improve route network, Having preferred movement in the city by public transport, as well as to maintain the development of alternative transport - cycling, carcherling and electric vehicles, "said Maxim Liksutov, Deputy Mayor of Moscow, head of the Moscow Department of Transport and the Development of Moscow's Road Transport Infrastructure.
"From January 1, 2017, trucks with engines below the Euro-3 class cannot enter the third transport ring (TTK) and in its limits, and the engine trucks are lower than the Euro-2 class - on the Moscow Ring automobile road (MKAD) and in its limits. About 30% of exhaust gases polluting air in the area of \u200b\u200bautomotive trails, thrown out trucks. Restrictions should be stimulated transport companies Refresh the fleet to more modern. We expect that the restriction on the entry of the cargo transport to the central part of the city will reduce air basement by 2-3%, and this is essential for such a metropolis as Moscow. I think at the end of 2017, we can already evaluate the effectiveness of this measure, "said Anton Khulbachevsky, head of the Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection.
The value of transport for humanity is difficult to overestimate. From time immemorial, he played an important role, constantly developing and improving. The scientific and technical revolution, the growth of the population, urbanization and many other factors that occurred in the 20th century has brought its development to a completely new level.
However, at the same time, a problem appeared: a huge amount of vehicles caused the deterioration of the environmental situation across the entire planet. That is why increasing attention is drawn today to the development of environmental modes of transport.
Any transportation, energy obtaining for which is not associated with the processes of burning hydrocarbons, can be called environmentally friendly. The exception is atomic reactions that are not used on land transport. Biodiesel engine internal combustion Alcohol also burn carbon, so they cannot be ecologically clean species transport. It is most correct to classify ecotransport by type of engines.
Electric drive
At the moment, this is the fastest growing type of environmentally friendly transport. He prescribed a great future and this has already noticed all major automotive concerns. Several thousand electric vehicles are already driving on the roads of the world. And future electric car will not have such large dimensions and cost as the famous tesla electric car. It will be, rather, some kind of Rickshaw with a cabin or with ordinary car body From plastic. On average, so that the electric vehicle can compete with gasoline, he needs to weigh four times less. Similar examples B. automotive industry there is.
The main problem of electric vehicles - batteries. They are already the only limitation to mass production Electric vehicles. All other technical limitations were overcome by another 50 and 100 years ago. The electric motor has an efficiency more gasoline. Its resource is much higher, and the complexity of the manufacture is small. In addition, it is not required by the checkpoint. Now most serial electric vehicles are made with lithium batteries. They have a very high cost. As an alternative, sulfur-sodium batteries are offered. At the moment, in Japan, stationary sodium-sodium battery stations are used, with a capacity of more than 1 MW. Perhaps in the future they will appear on electric vehicles.
Hydrogen engines
Hydrogen is the most energy-intensive fuel in the world. The caloric content of one weight of the pure gaseous hydrogen exceeds gasoline 2.5 times. This means that the weight supply of hydrogen in the cylinder may be at the same time less. The combustion of hydrogen can occur in the usual piston Engine. At the same time there are technological difficulties. Due to the high combustion temperature, it is necessary to strengthen the cylinder block with ceramics, which is very difficult and expensive.
For this reason, catalysts are particular interest - the installation of flameless burning of hydrogen. However, they need balloon oxygen, and their cost is also high. When hydrogen oxidation in the catalyst is produced electricity. It works such installation silently and with high efficiency. Unfortunately, the high price does not promote hydrogen cars of mass distribution. Currently, they are also driving on the roads.
There are other solutions in the field of ecotransport: pneumatic motors, chemical batteries (heat or current is released during metal oxidation), mechanical energy storage devices, spring drive. While all of them are at the development stage, giving way to electric vehicles.
Avioobil
Currently, aircomers are available (pneumomommobil), so called cars having a pneumatic engine to work compressed air. Energy accumulation occurs by injection it into cylinders. Then, passing through the distribution system, the compressed air falls into the pneumatic motor, which leads the car in motion. Thus, when driving at low speed or for a short distance, a similar car uses only air, without harming the environment.
Segwei
In a number of countries, employees of mail, golfing, police and many other categories of citizens move with such a type of transport as segway. This is a self-balancing scooter having two wheels located on both sides of the driver. Balancing segregation occurs automatically and depends on the position of the rider housing: when it is deviated back, the scooter slows down, stops or rides reverse, And when tilting forward, starts movement or accelerates. On each of the wheels segwing there is a private electric motor that responds to the slightest changes in the vehicle equilibrium. Engine runs from lithium-ion rechargeable batteriesTheir recharging occurs automatically when the mountain is descended. On the full charge for 8 hours. You can use the usual outlet - 15 minutes of charging is enough about 1.6 kilometers of the path.
Monocoleso (segil)
Monocoleso (segilvan) - an electric self-balancing scooter, which has only one wheel and the steps, located on both sides of him, first appeared in 2012 in the United States. It is equipped with a powerful electric motor (250-2000 W) and gyroscopes necessary for automatic balancing. When the power is turned on, the gyros align the wheel relative to the axis, supporting this balance. Also in the scooter are accelerometers and a variety of sensors.
The vehicle management occurs by changing the tilt of the body: when rejecting back it slows down, slows down or changes the direction, when transferring the center of gravity forward - accelerates. When the scooter stops, the driver must rely on the leg. The highest distribution received this type of transport in China.
City Ecotransport
Probably everyone knows such types of ecological transport as trolleybus and tram. They both work from electricity and are intended for the transport of passengers.
The tram is one of the first types of urban public transport, appeared at the beginning of the XIX century, then it was driven by an equestrian harness. The first electric tram appeared in 1881 in Germany.
The trolleybus appeared in the form of the first ecperimental trolleybus line in 1882, as well as in Germany. And first the trolleybuses were operated only as additional transport To tram. The first fully trolleybus line opened in 1933 in Moscow.
Bicycle and scooter
No, probably, a person would never have tried to ride on a scooter or bike. These wheel vehicles are moving through the muscular force of the subject. Bike for this purpose, foot pedals are used for this purpose, and in the scooter, the movement is ensured by repeating the leg from the Earth. On a bike, a person takes a sedentary position, he stands on the scooter, holding the steering wheel. Scooters are now used not only to entertain children, but also along with bicycles are used by adults: employees of mail, police and even ambulance.
Many people in Europe and America prefer to work on a cycling, in Tokyo on scooter, because, on the one hand, there is no need to stand in traffic jams, and on the other - thanks to physical exertion, the body becomes more healthy.
Every year the need to use environmental transport is growing, since the functioning of the current transport system with the release of pollutants into the air increasingly worsens our planet's ecosystem.
