Charging lead batche either how to charge lead battery?
1. How and how to correctly charge lead acid. What is the battery charging?
P on the definition, charging the battery is a process, a reworked battery (battery level) - during charging, the battery suppresses energy, feeding from the outer current source.
P Icy full charge, the battery saves a charge equal to the battery capacity. From an outdoor source of current, during charging, the battery selects a slightly bigger charge.
2. Any lead acid battery can be charged whether it was done correctly. How to charge a lead battery easier and safer everything?
With an alphabetic and non-hazardous method of charging a lead battery is a method of I-U (current - voltage). At first, the battery is charged unchanged, and after merit this voltage, battery charge, maintaining on it, constant tension.
To aka magnitude should be the initial current of charging battery? For most stationary lead batteries, this current is written on the housing. The greatest value charging Tok. ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 battery capacity. For example, if the battery capacity is 100 perch, then the charge current of such a lead battery may not exceed 20 A or 30 A (it solves the manufacturer). The most ancient and frequently found recommendation relative to the chicken battery charging current: "10 percent of the tank", right and now. Though what kind of lead acid The battery can be charged, starting charging with such a current, without fear somehow destroy the battery.
Akim should be the final voltage when charging lead batteries i-U method ? The largest voltage should not exceed 2.3 & plusmn 0.023 in each battery element. Those. For lead batteries with a nominal voltage of 12V, the final charging voltage should not exceed 13.8 & plusmn 0.15 V. Method I-U more often Used when the battery is used in the buffer mode, as a voltage of 13.8 & plusmn 0.15 in modern hermetic lead acid batteries can be throughout its own resource.
How much time is the charging of lead batteries - the I-U method? Depending on the source current. If the initial current is 20% of the battery capacity, then in 5-6 hours the battery is charged to approximately 90% of its own tank. After transition to the constant voltage mode, the battery charging current is rapidly falling and full accumulator charging takes approximately day. Are there more reasonable methods for charging lead batteries? Yes, there is, and at the moment we will see some of them.
3. Fast Charging Lead Battery
For more thanks to charge lead battery, it is necessary to charge the battery unchanged current (the largest current is the same) to the merit of the voltage of 14.5 & plusmn 0.2 V (for batteries with a nominal voltage of 12V), and later disable the charger or translate it into the voltage mode of 13.8 & Plusmn 0.15 in .
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M fast charging The battery allows you to fully charge the lead battery for about 6 hours (with the initial current of 20% of the tank). Fast charge is often used when operating batteries in cyclic mode.
4. How does the temperature of charging a lead battery affect?
In the CE, which is written above, refers to charging a lead battery at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, and at other temperatures it is necessary to introduce the temperature compensation of the charging voltage. Charging the lead battery is possible in the temperature range from -15 ° C to 40 ° C. With increasing temperature, the charge voltage must be less than normal to avoid recharging. What if accumulator charging It is performed under reduced temperature, charging voltage needs to be increased to avoid subwage. It is usually recommended to use temperature compensation -3 MV / & DEG C.
4. How to charge the battery. What will happen if not follow the rules of charging a lead battery?
About the written battery charges written above allow you to charge battery Quick and safe. How to charge the battery? Charging. They are focused on maximum saving resource lead battery and slowing the battery aging.
Is it possible to charge the battery current, big than the maximum allowable? Yes, the battery charges, even if the charging current will exceed the maximum installed by the manufacturer. But, first, if you do not reduce the current at least at the end of the charge, the battery will not fully charge. And secondly, during charging large current It will cease to be an effective mechanism for recombination of gases inside a sealed lead battery, and the battery electrolyte will lose water, even if then, at the end of the charge, the charging current will be reduced. How to charge the battery, how much time to charge the battery, lead. As a result of the exceeding current, even during one charging, the battery does not work all the estimated resource and fails before.
Is it possible to charge the battery with a very small current, much smaller than the maximum allowable, say, a current of 0.2% of the tank? Yes, the battery fully charges even with such a current. But charging the battery will continue unreasonably for a long time - a few weeks. In addition, a significant part of this time the battery will be in the discharged state, which is almost equivalent to storage lead battery in a discharged state. How and what to charge a lead acid accumulator + a simple charger for non-servant lead acid. And this leads to sulfate and accelerated aging of the battery. Single charging very small current will not lead battery Cancellation, but such charging should not be repeated often.
The manifold selection of the finite voltage charging is also dangerous for the battery. Insufficient finite voltage will lead to the submature accumulation of the battery, and it will make a step towards sulfate. And excess charging voltage is fraught with the release of gases from the battery and water loss by electrolyte. This further reduces the battery life than the charging of the battery with reduced voltage.
The temperature below -15 ° C is not recommended for charging the battery, since at low temperatures, the mechanism of recombination of gases inside the hermetic lead battery ceases, and the electrolyte loses water.
5. How to determine right whether the battery is charged.
It is enough to comply with the necessary battery charging parameters: current and voltage (taking into account temperatures), and charging the battery will be successful. Gel or acid battery battery how to charge. At the end of the charging of a modern hermetic lead acid battery should not be any bubbles, even a small allocation of gas is not allowed. If traces of electrolyte or white flare are found around the battery safety valves, the battery charged incorrectly.
Page charging can check battery with battery tester - battery capacity after charging must fully recover.
In the CE, which is written above, refers to charging a lead battery at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, and at other temperatures it is necessary to introduce the temperature compensation of the charging voltage. Charging the lead battery is possible in the temperature range from -15 ° C to +40 ° C. With increasing temperature, the charge voltage should be less than normal to avoid recharging. And if the battery is charging at low temperatures, the charging voltage must be increased to avoid submature. It is usually recommended to use temperature compensation -3 MV / & DEG S.
4. What will happen if not follow the rules of charging a lead battery?
About the written battery charging methods written above allow you to charge the battery quickly and safely. They are focused on maximum saving a lead battery life and slowing down.
Is it possible to charge the battery current, big than the maximum allowable? Yes, the battery charges, even if the charging current will exceed the maximum installed by the manufacturer. But, first, if you do not reduce the current at least at the end of the charge, the battery will not fully charge. And secondly, during charging, a large current will cease to be an effective mechanism for the recombination of gases inside, and the battery electrolyte will lose water, even if then, at the end of the charge, the charging current will be reduced. As a result of the exceeding current, even during one charging, the battery does not work all the estimated resource and fails before.
Is it possible to charge the battery with a very small current, much smaller than the maximum allowable, say, a current of 0.2% of the tank? Yes, the battery fully charges even with such a current. But charging the battery will continue unreasonably for a long time - a few weeks. In addition, a significant part of this time the battery will be in the discharged state, which is almost equivalent to storing the lead battery in the discharged state. And this leads to and accelerated. A single charge of a very small current will not bear the battery, but such charging should not be repeated often.
The manifold selection of the finite voltage charging is also dangerous for the battery. Insufficient final voltage will lead to an offshore battery, and it will make a step to the side. And excess charging voltage is fraught with the release of gases from the battery and water loss by electrolyte. This further reduces the battery life than the charging of the battery with reduced voltage.
A temperature below -15 & DEG C Charging the battery is not recommended, since at low temperatures, the mechanism of recombination of gases inside is stopped, and the electrolyte loses water.
5. How to determine whether the battery is charged correctly.
It is enough to comply with the necessary battery charging parameters: current and voltage (taking into account temperatures), and charging the battery will be successful. At the end of the charging of modern should not be any bubbles, even a small allocation of gas is not allowed. If traces of electrolyte or white flare are found around the battery safety valves, the battery charged incorrectly.
Page charging can check battery - after charging must fully recover.
Over time, spend your charge, and it is necessary to periodically restore it. Aspects of this process and will be considered within the framework of the article.
What is called charging
This is called a process that is a reverse discharge. During the charging of lead-acid hermetic batteries, they are intensified by energy, feeding from an external current source. IN treadmill The charge accumulates that is equal to the tank. And what do the charging devices for sealed lead acid accumulators look like? They are an energy converter and two outputs, each of which is connected to a sealed maintenance-free lead-acid battery when connecting to the network will begin the process of restoring and converting electrical energy (supplied from the network) to the chemical. To subsequently, as soon as the need arises, it could conduct a reverse process and ensure the power supply of various devices and appliances.
We charge simply and safely
To do this, use the "current voltage" method. What is he? Initially, the battery is charging dC. When the necessary indicators are achieved, the support of constant voltage begins to follow. To find out the initial charging current, it is usually quite carefully inspecting the housing - it is indicated this parameter. Usually this value is up to 0.3 to be more clear, imagine that we have a device with a parameter of 100 a / hour. Then the charge current should not exceed 30a. But this is a safe maximum, many manufacturers in their charging devices use the rule of ten percent. This allows you to charge batteries without the smallest fear of doing something wrong and bring it out of order. And how much should you charge? If the initial current is 20% of the tank, the battery reserve will be restored by 90% in about 5-6 hours. For the remaining 10%, it will take about a day. These features of their functioning have a charger for hermetic lead acid batteries. Is it possible to speed up this process somehow? Yes, and we will now consider how.
Fast Charging Lead Acid Hermetic Batteries
The norm is considered to be charged with a constant current at a voltage of 13.8. No longer recommended due to possible negative consequences. But if they are not afraid of you, you can increase the voltage to 14.5 V (this is for the batteries by 12 V). As a result, the battery at a 20% will be charged in 6 hours. This method is used exclusively when working in cyclic mode.
Effect of temperature
Everything that was written above applies only to the case when the temperature is 20 degrees Celsius. With other indicators, you must enter the charging voltage compensation. Charged lead acid batteries can be charged in the range from -15 to 40 degrees. The greater temperature, the less there should be a voltage to avoid recharging. In the opposite case, this indicator, on the contrary, should be increased to avoid submature. Sealed maintenance-free lead-acid battery Because of this, it is desirable to charge in terms of 20 degrees Celsius plus-minus a few. Of course, it is possible to calculate each time, but it is not always convenient. As an ideal place for the temperature parameter, their homes often choose their homes, but then it is necessary to take care of the quality control of the charge of charging both during this process, and a few hours after its end.
Consequences in non-compliance with safety
The methods described above are aimed at rapid and safe charging. At the same time, the task is to maximize the resource of the lead-acid battery by minimizing the factors of its aging. And now let's examine deviations. What will happen if you use a current greater than the maximum allowable? Initially, it should be noted that hermetic lead-acid batteries will not be able to fully charge. Also, due to the reduction of the efficiency of the gas recombination mechanism, the electrolyte will lose water. Therefore, even one-time charging is enough to reduce the resource of the work.
And what will happen if we reduce the current to 0.5 percent of the tank? Sealed lead-acid batteries are charged and in this case, but this process will continue for several weeks. In addition, the device will be in a state that is equivalent to discharged. And this leads to sulfate and accelerated aging. Of course, one charge with a small current is not enough for serious damage, but they are better not to use. It is also necessary to monitor the final voltage so that the device does not occur and reduce its resource.
And why are lead-acid batteries have such a temperature range for charging? The fact is that when leaving them stops the operation of the gas recombination mechanism, and the electrolyte loses its water.
Whether everything was done
To obtain good result, It is necessary to follow the required parameters at the necessary framework. The main place in this question should take the current and voltage (take into account the temperature). Then sealed lead acid batteries will be charged successfully and will be able to serve a long time. If there is an electrolyte around there, white raids Or bubbles, then the restoration of the device characteristics was incorrect. To determine the state, you can use the tester. Restoration of hermetic lead-acid batteries is carried out using special chargers (which may be required for several days) or additional mechanical actions (somehow pour electrolyte).
Conclusion
As you can see, the process of charging lead-acid batteries cannot be called complicated. Upon compliance with safety, it is not easy to get something wrong. But finally, I want to recommend to charge them in separate rooms, and if the devices are restored in a residential building, it is necessary to take care of high-quality ventilation during the process, as well as several hours after it. These security measures are needed due to the fact that, let both microscopic doses, but lead can fall into the air, and through it and in the body, from where it is very slow and constantly becomes a poisoning effect.
Lead batteries are the source of energy in the engine with the engine internal combustion. Machine generators contain a relay controller that does not miss the voltage over 14.4 V, i.e, turns off the rotor excitation on large turns Engine. This means that the battery cannot be fully charged. No, if you drive 400 km, the battery charges, but if you drive 50 km on the day, the battery does not charge completely. As a result, usually in winter, the retractor relay will simply click, and the motor will not start. Naturally, you need to either carry the battery home and shivered in a warm bath, or put it for charging. Starting, if the street -20c and the motor will not start, but you can remove the battery and put it in a warm water bath. Water should not completely cover the battery. Heating in this way can be achieved so that the electrolyte become quite liquid to start the car.
To charge the battery you need to apply on it constant pressure. The output voltage of the power supply is considered by the formula: U \u003d 2.7 V / BN - volts to the jar. The number of cans in car batteries is usually 6 - by the number of traffic jams for electrolyte.
The number of cans is calculated as general voltage The battery is divided into two: n \u003d u / 2. So, it turns out the power supply voltage should be u \u003d 2.7 * 6 \u003d 16.2 V. Voltage can be taken and higher - according to the result, everything is adjusted by the current. A transformer is selected as a block. The current of the secondary winding of the transformer is selected by the formula: i \u003d 0.2 * C, where C is the battery capacity. If we take into account that the standard battery is 60 Ah, then the current via the secondary is i \u003d 0.2 * 60 \u003d 12 A. After the transformer, a rectifier diode is set - usually at 15 A - but it can be more, but no less than the secondary transformer winding current.
However, if you give all the power supply voltage to the battery, then the battery plates immediately fall out. It is necessary to regulate the voltage, and therefore it will be adjusted and the current. To regulate the current, either a variable resistor with a thick helix, connected sequentially with a battery, or a light controller (dimmer) included in front of the transformer is required. An ammeter is installed to indicate the current.
If everything is collected, then at first connect the battery to the charger, set the regulator to the zero position and turn on the transformer. Disable battery OT. charger With the charging included, it is impossible - a spark will arise and the accumulated hydrogen may explode. Next, exhibit the current on the ammeter. Voltage when charging us is not interesting. The main current, and the voltage will be if the current goes. The current is exhibited so that i \u003d 0.1 * C, where C is the battery capacity. For a battery with a capacity of 60 Ah, the charge current I \u003d 0.1 * 60 \u003d 6 A. This current should be charged 10 hours. Of course, you can put a current 1 A and charge 60 hours if there is time. The small current is useful for batteries when charging, but a high current can cause irreversible changes - the plates will be hurt, the battery will boil. Battery boiling is a negative process, it must be avoided. If the boiling happens, you need to turn off the battery from charging, cool and set a smaller charge current.
There is a so-called "equal charge" - with it, the density of electrolyte in all banks becomes the same. The equalization charge is carried out after complete battery charging, the current i \u003d 0.15 A / BN is set, which for a 6-perched battery means i \u003d 0.15 * 6 \u003d 0.9 A. This current must be charged 12 hours.
The battery charging criterion is the density of electrolyte in its banks. Now produce unqualified batterieswhere it is impossible to measure the electrolyte and add distilled water into it.
However, there are also serviced batteries where tubes are installed on top cross screwdriver. When charging such batteries, the corks need to be unscrewed to give hydrogen freely out. Special instrument - the range - measure the electrolyte density in each bank.
The charged battery density is 1.27 - 1.30 g / cm 3.
If it turned out to overturn the battery and the electrolyte of the output - you can't pour fresh electrolyte. You need to collect at least a little electrolyte old, pour distilled water into the cans and pull the banks on the leveling charge. This is a sufficiently long process, but sure.
Now in many batteries embed the electrolyte level sensor. It is performed as an eye. If you look in the eye, it has a color - green, then the electrolyte level is high and the battery is theoretically charged. If the color of the eyes is red, then accumulatory is either discharged or needed a plot of disclised water.
All batteries have a shelf life, with numerous charge-discharge cycles and a multitude of worked clocks, the battery loses its container and keeps the charge less and less.
Over time, the battery capacity is so falling that further operation becomes impossible.
Probably, many have already accumulated batteries from uninterruptibles (UPS), signaling and emergency lighting systems.
In the set of household and office equipment there are lead-acid batteries, and in independence from the battery brand and production technology, whether it is a commonly serviced car battery, AGM, gel (GEL) or a small battery from a flashlight, they all have lead plates and acid electrolyte.
Upon completion of operation, such batteries cannot be thrown out because they contain lead, mostly they are waiting for the fate of disposal where lead is retrieved and processed.
But nevertheless, despite the fact that such batteries are mostly "non-servant", you can try to restore them returning them to the old capacity and use for some more time.
In this article, I will tell you about how Restore a 12 volt battery from UPSA by 7AHbut the method is suitable for any acid battery. But I want to warn that these measures should not be performed on a fully working battery, since in a serviceable battery to achieve the restoration of the capacity can only be right way Charging.
So we take the battery, in this case the old and discharged, we subsequent a screwdriver with a plastic cover. Most likely, it is point shoved to the body.
Having lifted the lid see six rubber caps, their task is not a battery maintenance, but the booming of the generated during charging and the operation of gases, but we will use them for our purposes.
We remove the caps and in each hole, with the help of a syringe, pour 3 ml of distilled water, it should be noted that other water is not suitable for this. And distilled water can be easily found in the pharmacy or in the car market, in the most extreme case there may be melt water from snow or clean rain.
After we fucked water, we set the battery for charging and charge it using a laboratory (adjustable) power supply.
We select voltages until some values \u200b\u200bof the charging current appear. If the battery is in a bad condition of the charging current may not be observed, at first, in general.
Voltages need to be raised until the charging current appears at least 10-20mA. Having achieved such values \u200b\u200bof the charging current to be attentive, as the current will grow with time and will have to constantly reduce the voltage.
When the current comes to 100mA, it is not necessary to reduce the voltage. And when the charge current comes to 200mA, you need to turn off the battery for 12 hours.
Further connect the battery to charging again, the voltage should be so that the charging current for our 7Ah battery was 600mA. Also, permanently observing, support the specified current for 4 hours. But we look at the same charge, for a 12-volt battery, there was no more than 15-16 volts.
After charging, after about an hour, the battery needs to be discharged to 11 volts, it is possible to do this with the help of any 12-volt bulb (for example on 15wat).
After discharge, the battery needs to be charged with a current of 600mA. It is best to do this procedure several times, that is, a few cycles charge-discharge.
Most likely it will not be possible to return the nominal, since the sulfate plate has already lowered its resource, and moreover, there are other detrimental processes. But the battery can be further used in normal mode and the container will be enough for this.
Regarding the rapid wear of the batteries in uninterrupted, the following reasons were noticed. Being in one case with a uninterruptible, the battery is constantly passive heating from the active elements (power transistors) which, by the way, heated to 60-70 degrees! Standing battery imprivation leads to a rapid evaporation of electrolyte.
In the cheap, and sometimes even some expensive UPS models, there is no charge thermocomption, that is, the charge voltage is displayed by 13.8 volts, but it is permissible for 10-15 marads, and for 25 degrees, and sometimes more and much more, the charge voltage should be Be a maximum of 13.2-13.5 volts!
A good solution will bear the battery outside the housing if you want to extend its service life.
Also affects the "permanent small charge" uninterrupted, 13.5 volts and a current of 300mA. Such a recharge comes to the fact that when the active spongy mass ends inside the battery, then the reaction begins in its electrodes, which comes to the fact that the lead of the current recesses on (+) becomes brown (PBO2) and on (-) becomes the "spongy".
Thus, with a constant reload, we obtain the destruction of the current and the "boiling" of the electrolyte with the release of hydrogen and oxygen, which leads to an increase in the concentration of electrolyte, which again contributes to the destruction of the electrodes. It turns out such a closed process that makes it clear the battery life rapid flow rate.
In addition, such a charge (transferred) is a large voltage and a current of which the electrolyte "boils" - translates the lead of the cocoquets into the powder oxide which over time crept and may even close the plates.
With active use (frequent charge), it is recommended to fill distilled water into the battery once a year.
Take only a fully charged battery with control as the level of electrolyte and voltage. Anyone case does not overflow better not to add it Because it is impossible to select it back, because sucking the electrolyte you deprive the battery of sulfuric acid and in consequence the concentration changes. I think it is clear that sulfuric acid is non-volatile, therefore, in the process of "boiling" during charging, it remains inside the battery - only hydrogen and oxygen comes out.
On the terminals we connect a digital voltmeter and a syringe for 5ml with a needle pour into each jar of 2-3ml of distilled water into each jar, at the same time shining inside the flashlight to stop if the water stopped getting off - after filling 2-3ml, see the bank - you will see how water quickly absorbs, and voltage The voltmeter drops (on the share of the Volta). We repeat the plot for each bank with pauses to absorb 10-20 seconds (approximately) until you see that the "glassate" is already wet - that is, the water is no longer absorbed.
After the topping, we examine whether there is no overflow in each bank of the battery, wipe the entire case, we set the rubber caps in place and we glue the cover into place.
Since the battery after the topping is shown about 50-70% of charging, you need to charge it. But the charging must be carried out or a controlled power supply or a uninterruptible or a regular device, but under the supervision, that is, during charging, you must just follow the battery status (you need to see the top of the battery). In the case of a uninterrupted manner, for this you have to make extension cords and output the battery outside the UPSA housing.
Under the battery, the platform napkins or cellophane bags, charge up to 100% and look, does not proceed from any electrolyte bank. If suddenly it happened, stop charging and remove the napkin. With the help of a napkin moistened in the soda solution, we clean the housing, all the depressions and terminals where the electrolyte fell, in order to neutralize the acid.
We find the bank from where it happened "bumping" and see if the electrolyte is visible in the window, we suck the surplus with a syringe, and then carefully and smoothly refuel this electrolyte back inside the fibers. It often happens that the electrolyte after the topping is not evenly absorbed and boiled up.
When re-charging, we observe the battery as described above and if the "problem" battery bank again starts to "stream" when charging, excess electrolytes will have to be removed from the bank.
Also, under the inspection, at least 2-3 full-time-charge cycle should be done, if everything went fine and there are no inclusions, the battery does not heat (light heating when charging does not count), then the battery can be collected in the case.
Well, now consider especially cardinal methods of resuscitation lead-acid batteries
From the battery, the entire electrolyte is drained, and the insides are washed first a couple of times with hot water, and then with a hot solution of soda (3h.l soda per 100 ml of water) leaving a solution in a battery for 20 minutes. The process can be repeated several times, and flush well from the residues of soda solution - poured a new electrolyte.
Then the battery day is charged, and later, for 10 days, 6 hours in a day.
For car batteries Current up to 10 amps and voltage of 14-16 volts.
The second way is reverse chargingFor this procedure, you will need a powerful voltage source, for automotive batteries, for example, a welding machine, a recommended current - 80Amper voltage of 20 volts.
Make a rally, that is, plus a minus and minus to the plus and for the course of half an hour "boil" the battery with its native electrolyte, after which the electrolyte is drained and washed with hot water battery.
A new electrolyte is fill on and observing a new polarity, for a day, a current of 10-15 amps is charged.
But most effective method Made by chemical. substances.
From a fully charged battery, the electrolyte is drained and after repeated washing with water, the ammonium solution of the trillion b (ethylenediaminetetrauxuscase sodium) is poured, containing 2 weight percentage of trilon b and 5 percent of ammonia. The process of desulfation is occurring for 40 - 60 minutes, for which gas is released with small splashes. Upon termination of such gas formation, one can judge the completion of the process. With a particularly strong sulfate, the ammonium solution of the trilder B should be pouring again, removing before it spent.
The accumulator procedure is thoroughly washed several times with distilled water and poured a new electrolyte of the desired density. The battery is charged with a standard way to a nominal container.
About ammonia solution Trilon B, it can be found in chemical laboratories and stored in hermetic containers in a dark place.
In general, if it is interesting, then the composition of the electrolyte, which produces Lighting, Electrol, Blitz, Akkumulad, Phonix, Toniolyt and some others, is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (350-450g per liter) with the addition of sulfate salts of magnesium, aluminum, sodium, ammonium. As part of the electrolyte, Gruconnin also contains potassium alum and copper cune.
After recovery, the battery can be charged normally for this type In a way (for example, in UPSE) and prevent discharge below 11 volt.
In many uninterrupters, there is a function "Calibration of Akb" with which you can carry out the discharge-charge cycles. By connecting the load at the output of the uninterrupted load of 50% of the Maximum of the UPS, we launch this function and the uninterruptible unit discharges an acb to 25% and then charges up to 100%
Well, on a very primitive example, charging such a battery looks like this:
A stabilized 14.5 volt voltage is supplied to the battery, through a wire variable high power resistor or through a current stabilizer.
The charge current is thrown by a simple formula: the battery capacity is separated by 10, for example, 700mA will be 700mA for the battery. And on the current stabilizer or using an alternating wire resistor, it is necessary to set a current of 700mA. Well, in the process of charging, the current will start falling and it will be necessary to reduce resistor resistance, with time the resistor handle will come to the initial position and resistance of the resistor will be zero. The current will continue to gradually decrease to zero until the voltage on the battery does not become permanent - 14.5 volts. The battery is charged.
Additional information on "correct" charging batteries can be found
light crystals on the plates are sulfate
A separate "bank" battery battery was subjected to constant shortage and as a result of sulphates, its internal resistance grew with each deep cycle, to led to the fact that, during the charge, it began to "throw" before all, due to loss of capacity and removal of electrolyte in Insoluble sulfates.
The positive plates and their lattices turned into a consistency in powder, as a result of a constant recharge by uninterrupted in the "Stand-Bai" mode.
Lead acid accumulators except cars, motorcycles and diverse household appliances, where they are not found in lanterns and in hours and even in the smallest electronics. And if you got into the hands of such a "non-working" lead-acid battery without identifying characters and you do not know how voltage it should issue in the working condition. It can easily be found in the number of cans in the battery. Lay the protective cover on the battery case and remove it. You will see the caps for booming gas. By their number it will become clear how many "cans" this battery.
1 bank - 2 volt (fully charged - 2.17 volts), that is, if the cap 2 means the battery for 4 volts.
A fully discharged battery bank must be no lower than 1.8 volts, it is impossible to discharge below!
Well, the thief will give a small idea, for those who lack funds to buy new batteries. Find in your city the firms that are engaged in computer equipment and supplies (uninterrupted boilers for boilers, batteries for signaling systems), agree with them so that they did not throw away the old batteries from uninterrupted trips, but they are possible at a symbolic price.
Practice shows that half of AGM (gel) batteries can be restored if not up to 100% then up to 80-90% exactly! And this is a couple of years of excellent battery operation in your device.
