Shin speed index
The tire speed index that has an alphabetic designation shows the maximum allowable tire operation speed. At the same time, manufacturers emphasize that for security it is necessary to maintain a speed of 10-15% lower than the tire speed index. A small speed exceeding is allowed only for a short time, for example, during overtaking. If the speed of the speed index occurs constantly, then the likelihood of tire destruction is large. Therefore, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the Tire Index Table, before buying and, on the basis of your ride style, pick up the tires. In addition, many manufacturers produce identical tires with different tire speed indices. By itself, the cost of such directly proportionally permissible speed.
It costs to dispel the myth that the high speed index is a consequence of a higher mass of the tire. In fact, if in some cases it is observed, then it is so minimal that it will not affect the work of the suspension. And in order to correctly calculate the maximum weight coming on the wheel, you should familiarize yourself with the Tire Load Index Table.
Shin load index
The tire load index is an important parameter showing the maximum weight that comes from one wheel of the car. This parameter is especially important for those who often load their car and, especially for. Here it is necessary to immediately make a reservation that it is necessary to determine the load of the tires only using the load index table. Some motorists believe that it is possible to divide the mass of the car on the number of wheels - in fact, accurately calculate the load index will not work in this way, since the weight of the car is not always evenly distributed between the axes. Sometimes the weight of the vehicle is approximately equal to the amount of loads on the tires. In this case, the load index is considered in combination with the speed index.
The load index is not a rigorous parameter and excess 20-30% in some cases is permissible. It is quite another thing to continuously exceed the load index that can lead to hernia or to the tire rupture. Studying the tire load table, do not forget that the high index suggests that the tire frame is rather thick, the rubber is dense, and therefore it is not worth counting on a comfortable trip, since the depreciation of irregularities in such tires is less.
| Index on the tire | Index on the tire | ||
| 0 | 45 | 100 | 800 |
| 1 | 46,2 | 101 | 825 |
| 2 | 47,5 | 102 | 850 |
| 3 | 48,7 | 103 | 875 |
| 4 | 50 | 104 | 900 |
| 5 | 51,5 | 105 | 925 |
| 6 | 53 | 106 | 950 |
| 7 | 54,5 | 107 | 975 |
| 8 | 56 | 108 | 1000 |
| 9 | 58 | 109 | 1030 |
| 10 | 60 | 110 | 1060 |
| 11 | 61,5 | 111 | 1090 |
| 12 | 63 | 112 | 1120 |
| 13 | 65 | 113 | 1150 |
| 14 | 67 | 114 | 1180 |
| 15 | 69 | 115 | 1215 |
| 16 | 71 | 116 | 1250 |
| 17 | 73 | 117 | 1285 |
| 18 | 75 | 118 | 1320 |
| 19 | 77,5 | 119 | 1360 |
| 20 | 80 | 120 | 1400 |
| 21 | 82,5 | 121 | 1450 |
| 22 | 85 | 122 | 1500 |
| 23 | 87,5 | 123 | 1550 |
| 24 | 90 | 124 | 1600 |
| 25 | 92,5 | 125 | 1650 |
| 26 | 95 | 126 | 1700 |
| 27 | 97 | 127 | 1750 |
| 28 | 100 | 128 | 1800 |
| 29 | 103 | 129 | 1850 |
| 30 | 106 | 130 | 1900 |
| 31 | 109 | 131 | 1950 |
| 32 | 112 | 132 | 2000 |
| 33 | 115 | 133 | 2060 |
| 34 | 118 | 134 | 2120 |
| 35 | 121 | 135 | 2180 |
| 36 | 125 | 136 | 2240 |
| 37 | 128 | 137 | 2300 |
| 38 | 132 | 138 | 2360 |
| 39 | 136 | 139 | 2430 |
| 40 | 140 | 140 | 2500 |
| 41 | 145 | 141 | 2575 |
| 42 | 150 | 142 | 2650 |
| 43 | 155 | 143 | 2725 |
| 44 | 160 | 144 | 2800 |
| 45 | 165 | 145 | 2900 |
| 46 | 170 | 146 | 3000 |
| 47 | 175 | 147 | 3075 |
| 48 | 180 | 148 | 3150 |
| 49 | 185 | 149 | 3250 |
| 50 | 190 | 150 | 3350 |
| 51 | 195 | 151 | 3450 |
| 52 | 200 | 152 | 3550 |
| 53 | 206 | 153 | 3650 |
| 54 | 212 | 154 | 3750 |
| 55 | 218 | 155 | 3875 |
| 56 | 224 | 156 | 4000 |
| 57 | 230 | 157 | 4125 |
| 58 | 236 | 158 | 4250 |
| 59 | 243 | 159 | 4375 |
| 60 | 250 | 160 | 4500 |
| 61 | 257 | 161 | 4625 |
| 62 | 265 | 162 | 4750 |
| 63 | 272 | 163 | 4875 |
| 64 | 280 | 164 | 5000 |
| 65 | 290 | 165 | 5150 |
| 66 | 300 | 166 | 5300 |
| 67 | 307 | 167 | 5450 |
| 68 | 315 | 168 | 5600 |
| 69 | 325 | 169 | 5800 |
| 70 | 335 | 170 | 6000 |
| 71 | 345 | 171 | 6150 |
| 72 | 355 | 172 | 6300 |
| 73 | 365 | 173 | 6500 |
| 74 | 375 | 174 | 6700 |
| 75 | 387 | 175 | 6900 |
| 76 | 400 | 176 | 7100 |
| 77 | 412 | 177 | 7300 |
| 78 | 425 | 178 | 7500 |
| 79 | 437 | 179 | 7750 |
| 80 | 450 | 180 | 8000 |
| 81 | 462 | 181 | 8250 |
| 82 | 475 | 182 | 8500 |
| 83 | 487 | 183 | 8750 |
| 84 | 500 | 184 | 9000 |
| 85 | 515 | 185 | 9250 |
| 86 | 530 | 186 | 9500 |
| 87 | 545 | 187 | 9750 |
| 88 | 560 | 188 | 10000 |
| 89 | 580 | 189 | 10300 |
| 90 | 600 | 190 | 10600 |
| 91 | 615 | 191 | 10900 |
| 92 | 630 | 192 | 11200 |
| 93 | 650 | 193 | 11500 |
| 94 | 670 | 194 | 11800 |
| 95 | 690 | 195 | 12150 |
| 96 | 710 | 196 | 12500 |
| 97 | 730 | 197 | 12850 |
| 98 | 750 | 198 | 13200 |
| 99 | 775 | 199 | 13600 |
Pedestrians do not come to mind to wear shoes for two or three sizes more or less, because in such a shoe it is absolutely impossible to move. At the same time, some drivers are trying to "shoes" their car in the inappropriate "shoes", and even then, after the accident on the turn of the road, ask: "What is it (tire), jumped, and?"
Appropriate tires are available for each car. During the universal deficit, it was difficult to find any bus. Now it is not difficult to do it. On sale huge range Domestic and imported tires (allowed only tools). When buying new tires for your car, pay attention not only to their size, but also to other parameters. Tires must match the model your hiscar.
With permissible load problems usually do not happen, since the margin of safety modern tires very big. But, when finding a tire in the attic, you should first clarify whether it is suitable for a permissible load to your two-tong jeep.
5.5. On one axis vehicle Tires of various sizes, structures are installed ( radial, diagonal, chamber, beless), models, with different tread patterns, crowded and uncomplicated, frost-resistant and not frost-resistant, new and restored.
Back again to our shoes. If one leg is put on a boot, which is not suitable for what will go to another leg, it will move, to put it mildly, it is inconvenient both in the snow and by parquet.
The effect arising from this can be felt by putting on one leg with a high heels with a leather sole, and on another without heel and on a corrugated rubber sole. Submit your condition during a walk, as well as the surrounding reaction is not difficult.
When it comes to security - jokes to the side! On one axis of the car, both diagonal or both radial tires must be installed. Otherwise, due to the difference in the characteristics of diagonal and radial tires, when driving, the machine will necessarily "take away", and with intense or emergency braking You will be guaranteed a car drift. This is due to the fact that, while the diagonal tire is "worth a stake" on the road, the radial "melt" on asphalt. Accordingly, the wheels on the right and on the left will be a different clutch coefficient with an expensive, which will inevitably lead to an auto car aside when driving and to its drift when braking.
The tire tread pattern on one axis of the car should also be the same, otherwise again not to avoid the "dancing" on the road. Your car will not move according to a given trajectory, which is especially dangerous in the conditions of intensive movement and on a slippery road.
A pair of front wheels of the car is allowed to have a tread pattern, differing from the pair of the rear. But in this case it is inconvenient to use the spare wheel. When crossing one of the wheels, you will be forced or disrupt the law, or carry two spare wheels with you, one for each pair.
All of the above also applies to the trailer wheels. If you have a question about replacing tires on a trailer to your car, it does not make sense to buy a set of other types of tires or with a tread pattern other than the wheels of the car itself. It is better if the tires of the tractor and the trailer will be interchangeable, so more convenient and cheaper.
Do you want to choose a bus for your car, but do not understand the tire marking? It's not a problem! In this section, we will help you figure out: what are the tire parameters that they mean, and which tire is suitable for your car.
Pick up tires / bus catalogDecoding tire marking.
195/65 R15 91 T XL
195 - This is the width of the tire in mm.
65 - proportionality, i.e. Profile height ratio to width. In our case, it is equal to 65%. Simply put, with the same width, the more this indicator, the tire will be higher and vice versa. Usually this magnitude is called simply - "profile".
As the tire profile is a relative value, then it is important to take into account when selecting rubber, that if you instead of the size of 195/65 R15, you want to put tires with a size of 205/65 R15, then not only the width of the tire will increase, but also the height! That in most cases is unacceptable! (except in cases where both of these sizes are listed in the auto operating book). Accurate change data external dimensions Wheels You can calculate in a special tire calculator.
If this ratio is not indicated (for example, 185 / R14C), it means it is equal to 80-82% and the tire is called full-face. Reinforced tires with such labeling are usually used on minibuses and light trucks, where a large maximum load on the wheel is very important.
R. - means tire with radial cord (in fact, now almost all tires are made this way).
Many mistakenly believe that R- means the tire radius, but it is the radial design of the tire. There is still a diagonal design (denoted by the letter D), but in recent times it is practically not released because it performance features noticeably worse.
15 - wheel diameter (disk) in inches. (It is diameter, not a radius! This is also a common error). This "planting" tire diameter on the disk, i.e. this is internal size Tires or outdoor disk.
91 - Load index. This is the level of maximum permissible load on one wheel. For passenger cars It is usually done with a margin and when choosing a tire is not a decisive value, (in our case, in - 91 - 670 kg.). For minibuses and small trucks, this parameter is very important and must be observed.
Tire Load Index Table:
T. - Tire speed index. Than he is more, the greater speed You can ride on this tire, (in our case, IS - N - up to 210 km / h). Speaking about the speed index of the tire, I would like to note that the tire manufacturer guarantees this parameter normal work Rubber with constant movement of the machine at the specified speed for several hours.
Speed \u200b\u200bIndex Table:
American tire marking:
There are two different labeling american tires. The first is very similar to the European, only before the size of the letters "P" (Passanger - for passenger car) or "LT" (Light Truck - Light Truck). For example: P 195/60 R 14 or LT 235/75 R15. And other tire marking, which is fundamentally different from European.
For example: 31x10.5 R15 (corresponds to the European Size 2) 265/75 R15)
31
- External tire diameter in inches.
10.5
- Tire width in inches.
R. - The tire of the radial design (the older models of the tires were with a diagonal design).
15
- the inner diameter of the tire in inches.
Generally speaking, if you do not consider inch unusual to us, then the American marking tires are logical and more understandable, at different from the European, where the height of the tire profile is impermanent and depends on the width of the tire. And then everything is simple with decoding: the first digit size is the outer diameter, the second is the width, the third is the inner diameter.
Additional information indicated in the marking on the sidewall bus:
XL or Extra Load - reinforced tire, the load index of which is 3 units higher than that of the usual tires of the same size. In other words, if the load index 91 is specified on this tire with an XL or Extra Load mark, then this means that with this index, the bus is capable of withstanding the maximum load of 670 kg instead of 615 kg (watching the tire load index table).
M + S. Or M & S Tire Marking (Mud + Snow) - Mud Plus Snow And Means Tires All-season or Winter. On many summer Tires For SUVs, M & S is indicated. However, these tires cannot be operated in winter timebecause winter tires They have a completely different composition of rubber and tread pattern, and the M & S icon indicates good tire patency.
All season or as all-season tires. AW (Any Weather) - any weather.
Pictogram * (Snowflake) - Rubber is intended for use in harsh winter conditions. If there is no tire on the sidewall this label, then this tire is designed for use only in summer conditions.
Aquatred, AquaContact, Rain, Water, Aqua or Pictogram (umbrella) - Special rain tires.
Outside and Inside; Assymmetric tires, i.e. It is important not to confuse which side is outdoor, but what is internal. When installing, OUTSIDE must be from the outside of the car, and Inside - with the inner.
RSC. RUNFLAT SYSTEM COMPONENT - tires Runflat. - These are tires on which you can continue to move on a car at a speed of no more than 80 km / h with a complete pressure drop in the tire (with a puncture or cut). On these tires, depending on the manufacturer's recommendations, you can drive from 50 to 150 km. Different manufacturers Tires use different designations of RSC technology. For example: Bridgestone RFT, Continental SSR, Goodyear Runonflat, Nokian Run Flat, Michelin ZP, etc.
Rotation Or the arrow this marking on the sidewall of the tire means the directional tire. When the tire is installed, it is necessary to strictly observe the direction of rotation of the wheel specified by the arrow.
Tubeless - besleless tire. In the absence of this inscription, the tire can only be used with the camera. Tube Type - indicates that this tire must only be operated with the camera.
Max Pressure.; The maximum allowable tire pressure. Max Load is the maximum permissible load on each car wheel, kg.
Reinforced. or RF letters in a sizer (for example 195/70 R15RF) mean that this is a reinforced bus (6 layers). The letter C at the end of the size (for example 195/70 R15C) indicates truck bus (8 layers).
Radial This marking on rubber in a sizer means that it is the autoresin of radial design. Steel means that metallic cord is present in the tire design.
Letter E. (In the circle) - the tire corresponds to the European ECE (ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE). DOT (Department of Transportation - US Department of Transportation) - American Quality Standard.
Temperature A, B or C Thermal resistance of autoresine high speeds On the test stand (and the best indicator).
TRACTION A, B or C - The ability of the tire to braking on a wet roadway.
Treadwear.; The relative expected mileage mileage compared to the special standard US test.
TWI (Tread Wear Indiration) - Pointers of tire tread wear indicators. Marking on the TWI wheel can also be with an arrow. Indicators are located evenly in eight or six places across the entire circumference of the tire and show the minimum permissible tread depth. The wear indicator is performed as a protrusion with a height of 1.6 mm (the minimum protector for light vehicles) and is located in the deepening of the tread (as a rule, in drainage grooves).
Dot. - Clear address of the manufacturer, bus size code, certificate, release date (week / year).
Tire load index - few people remember about this parameter when buying tires on your car. It is believed that this information is more needed to owners of trucks and minibuses than owners of passenger cars.
Meanwhile, technical progress does not stand still, each new model The car is becoming harder, so, to know which weight can withstand your tire is sometimes just necessary.
What is the load index
The bus load index is one of the main tire marking parameters, showing which maximum load can withstand a tire.
The load index is a numerical value in which the maximum weight in kilograms is encrypted, which can withstand the tire. The tire maker ensures that the tire will save its integrity in this load and will ensure traffic safety. For each new tire model, special bench tests confirming the maximum tire load are carried out.
It must be said that the load index is indicated by a manufacturer with a certain margin, and when it is achieved with a tire, nothing will happen. However, this does not mean that the tires need to pick up the "right" in the load index, much more correctly when the tires have some reserve at the maximum load in case of unforeseen situations.
What looks like
According to standards (developed in Europe), on which all tires sold in Russia are marked, a marking that displays the "Service Description" should be applied in the visible part of the tire - the characteristic of operational conditions.
In this marking, in addition to the designation of the tire size, information on the maximum permissible speed and load on the tire, which represents a dual alphanumeric index.
In this index, letters denotes the maximum speed to which the tire is calculated (more), and the numbers are the maximum load index. For example, in marking 205/65 / R16 91V, the extreme numbers "91" denote the maximum load, which is 615 kg (and the letter "V" indicates the index maximum speedwhich corresponds to 240 km / h).
For summer, all-season and indexes are the same, for all types of rubber, a single standard of designations is installed.
Table of load indices and speed
The tire marking standard applies to all manufactured tires, so the numeric values \u200b\u200bof the load indices cover all possible ranges, from 40 kg and up to 35 tons, for which a special table of translation of the index value is composed.
True, in the overwhelming majority of cases, only the part of the table is needed, which displays the load values \u200b\u200bon one tire from 265 kg and up to 1700 kg:
Compliance with speed indexes
In the label of the tire, according to the European standard, the dual load and speed index is indicated. These two indexes are closely related.
While movement for each tire there is a set of loads, the main one of which is the load from the vehicle weight. Add to it additional loads, from centrifugal efforts that increase as the speed of movement of the machine grows. Thus, the maximum possible load on the tire also limits the maximum possible velocity of the machine, and that is why indices are indicated together.
Of course, besides these two loads on the tire, various forces arising from acceleration and braking, when driving in bad roads, when turning turns (especially at speed), etc. And, of course, when calculating the load index, all these efforts are taken into account and folded by the manufacturer, for which there are special complex complexes of modeling of tire behavior, as well as their tests.
What are the load indices
Many manufacturers produce tires intended for light trucks, minibuses and other commercial vehicles. Such tires have dimension similar passenger tiresBut at the same time, the possibility of cargo transportation and an increased resource is laid in their design.
It is simple to distinguish such tires - they have the "reinforsed" designation (reinforced) on the side of the tires, "maxload 900kg" (maximum load of 900 kg), or the "C" (Commercial) icon in the marking "195/60 / R15 C 106R".
Also, for light trucks, a double load index is peculiar, for example "195/60 / R15 106 / 104R", which means a load for a single wheel setting on the rear axle (first digit) and for double (second).
How to pick up tires
When selecting tires for your car you need to know the following:
Burnt on the go of the tire - everyday reality. In order to avoid getting into a difficult road, it is necessary to refer to the choice of tires with all seriousness.
