Mobile in the winter requires much more skills and skills than in the warm season. It is especially difficult to come newcomers who meet the first winter behind the wheel.
The cunning of the winter road is a low coefficient of clutch wheels with asphalt. Ice and snow on the road prevent the wheels to cling and lead to the slip of the leading wheels, especially when moving on the rise. Most often, the slip is manifested at the beginning of the movement. The most effective acceleration is obtained by touching without slipping wheels or with minimal slip.
Most often, the slip is manifested during the operation of the front-wheel drive vehicles, since when torting the weight of the car is redistributed back and the grip of the front wheels with the road is worse. The rear-wheel drive car in this regard has a slight advantage, its leading wheels when touching the opposite is pressed against the road. Due to this, the wheels of the rear-wheel drive car are most often spread when starting, on 1 transmission, whereas the front-wheel drive slip can manifest themselves with a sharp acceleration and 2nd, and on the 3rd transmission, etc.
So, consider how ride.
1. The most accurate work of gas and clutch pedals. It is necessary to act according to the rule "the more slippery road, the lower the engine turnover." When starting movement on pure ice You need to trim almost on idling, With the inclusion of clutch. Increased engine speeds, as well as sharp work with gas and clutch pedals, will lead to wheel slip. If this happened, do not try to help increase revolutions, it will only aggravate the situation. Better turn off the clutch and try again. This is the so-called double Releasehelps to touch the front-wheel drive car. When you first turn on the clutch, the load to host it back, if at this moment you let go of the gas and squeeze the clutch, the car in the inertia swing forward and the wheels will be suggested to the road, at this moment you need to repeat the attempt to start moving.
2. When starting to the ice, you can use the second transmission instead of the first, since the smaller torque will be supplied to the wheels and less chances that the wheels will break into the slip.
3. on rear drive when starting you can half tighten parking brakewhat will also limit the rotation rear wheels and reduce the risk of slipping.
4. When you stop on slippery lift, try to leave more distances to the front and rear cars, as well as an enlarged side interval. When you start slipping your car, or your neighbor's car on the road can move to the side or break back, be prepared for this.
5. When running a car with automobiles, use winter mode.
6. At the beginning of the movement, the front wheels need to be kept in a literal position, turned even for several degrees of the wheels can lead to slip.
7. If allow road conditions And traffic rules, you can go back to the area with a normal coating and overcome the slippery plot with overclocking.
These tips relate to cars not equipped with modern electronic assistants as anti-slip system, stabilization system, Hill Asist, etc. However, even if your car is equipped with all modern systems, you should not check the limit of their capabilities, no one has completely canceled the laws of physics.
If you often go beyond the city, where the road conditions leave to desire the best, put a bag of sand or salt in the trunk. A couple of grievances poured under the driving wheels will help you to touch even on a mirror icy surface. As a last resort, use sweater: branches, rags, straw, etc.
How to get out of snow - techniques that will help confidently ride in the winter.
How to get out of the snow, to get on ice, overcome the drifts - knowledge of these techniques will make it easy winter ride. One of the main problems in which many motorists refuse to travel in winter behind the wheel are fearlessness not to cope with the difficulties of winter roads - to strike on the snow or ice, get stuck in a snowdrift, when traveling from parking, etc. Meanwhile, the simplest winter techniques, supported by skills, will help to overcome fear and not abandon the car when it is most needed - in the cold, blizzards, slush. 
So, go on ice. Modern winter tiresEven awakened, with proper handling of the controls, allow you to confidently and safely touch even in areas of bare ice or polished to the brilliance of the risen snow. The most important thing in such cases is to release the clutch pedal as smaller as possible. Do not let the engine at the same time develop high revs - What they lower, the better. On machines with a box, "automatic" need to be crushed as much as possible for gas if the AKP has a winter mode (W) or the ability to force the second transmission - do it. Also, from the second transfer can be mounted on "mechanics" - it reduces the likelihood of wheel buxation. 
If, due to the stopping after a few attempts, it was not possible to move, try to pass back and repeat attempts on a new site, where the snow or ice is not yet polished by your wheels. Loops, which died under them in ice (or by the rolled snow), can be prevented. It is usually easy to get out of them, you need to dig a car, alternately quickly including the first, then the rear gear. After several such "swings", catch the moment when the machine moves, for example, forward, turn on the first gear and, using the power of its inertia, go out of the wells forward.
All of the above does not concern the random attitudes that can really become a problem even for experienced drivers. Therefore, avoid parking, leaving from which you will need to get on the rise. If it still happens, it will take a small portion of sand (dropping, slag, earth), which you have to be pouring under the driving wheels, creating a non-slip length of a length of one and a half or two meters. Usually there is enough of them to move and gain speed for further movement.
Leave out loose snow An inexplicable driver is also problematic. Easy to get similar to the objects described above. If you tried, the car will immediately eat in the snow, do not go to her, stop the bounce and return (or roll out) on rear transmission Back, to the starting point. Turn on the first and by typing speeds, move forward again.
Using the power of its inertia, the machine will move forward a little more. Repeating this operation several times, you can roll back-back, making yourself a way for more or less long overclocking and decisive assault in the right direction. It may happen that, in the snow, you pulled the holes in the snow under the wheels, and so deep that it is impossible to lengthen them for subsequent overclocking. Then it will have to work a little shovel (mount, branch): lengthen the well, turning it into a rut length at least half a meter so that the car can accelerate a little and go to a flat surface.
Suggesis on the road should be overcome from the gather, tightly holding the steering wheel and does not slow down the engine speed. The main thing, however, is pre-convicted that in front of you are still a direct plot of the outdated road, and not a cuvette, a turn or intersection with high borders. And one more important remark is to come to relatively high speed You can only overcome those deep drifts in which your machine will fall by both wheels. If the snowdrift is "asymmetrical" - overlaps only one part of the road, or very different depths, the turnover of the car should be afraid due to the fact that the wheels of one side (say, right) will meet more resistance than the other (left). Such snowmets of snow better to overcome stages, punching the road back-forward with short plots, as recommended above for departure from the snowdrifts.
Almost every motorist at least once in the winter enters the skid. The main thing in this case is not lost, do not throw the steering wheel and do not crush sharply on the brake. At the very first time, when the rear of the car when moving forward "floated" to the side, you need to turn the steering wheel as a short movement toward the drift and immediately return it back to the central position. At the same time, you need to release the accelerator.
The machine stabilizes, leaning on the road. However, if the steering corrective action was not very accurate (and for the first time most likely it will be), the skid can be repeated, but in the other direction. And again you need to turn the steering wheel towards driving. This driving movement should be automatic. To work out such a skill, it is worth a little straightened on an empty snow-covered area of \u200b\u200bsufficiently large sizes and preferably without any borders.
Do not think that hardly every winter journey can end with such problems. They can only arise in your first winter trips. However, independently overcoming these difficulties, you will receive an experience that will help you next time not to fall into such situations.
The start of the movement of the car, that is, touching, on the coating with a low clutch coefficient (ice, liquid clay, frost on asphalt, oil, etc.) leads to a breakdown of leading wheels in slip. In such a situation, the machine can behave unpredictably, for example, dramatically change the direction of movement towards other machines, obstacles or pedestrians. It is very dangerous if the controlled wheels are turned to the side. In addition, the wheels are turned on inhibit the car and provoke slipping even more.
Troze on the rolled snow, because of which slippery road It is not very different from ice, especially if the studded tires are used, the driver may encounter an unpleasant effect. Several turns of the wheels in place are able to remove a thin layer of ice and after touching the solid coating to give the car a sharp progressive impulse. As a result, the car suddenly jump forward (back, if the start was done with the rear gear).
Most often, the driver allows an error when choosing engine speed when starting. To keep the gas pedal too much - it means to increase turns crankshaft engine and, as a result, disrupt the wheels in the slip at the time of the clutch (when mechanical box gear). On the ice, the wheel, which rotates in place, will warm up the top layer and turns it into the water, but the car will not go, even if you press the gas pedal until it stops into the floor.
Sometimes drivers want get along slipping road On the wheels supplied indirectly. They are misleading the steering wheel in the zero position. In fact, he already did full turn And the wheels are turned to the side.
When under you - slippery road- Apply the following recommendations. Try to not allow the slip of the wheels when moving from the place. Press gas pedal smoothly, just smoothly release the clutch pedal. Listen to the engine speed, follow the testimony of the tachometer. Start moving at turns that are minimal in order to overcome the car rest inertia. To do this, use the so-called clutch delay: Do not release the clutch pedal to the end, lock it half down at the point of touch. Make sure that the controlled wheels are delivered directly (if you need, exit the machine and check). Whatever happens, in any situation, our experts on visiting those relief on the roads of Moscow will come and provide the necessary assistance.
After the rain, the dirt road slippery
And further. At the beginning of the movement on slipping road (on cover with a minimum clutch coefficient) professionals recommend applying the following techniques:
- touch from the place on the second or even on the third gear to reduce the initial craving;
- tighten the parking brake to half to reduce the rotational impulse, which is transmitted to the drive wheels;
- at the moment of starting several times carefully and smoothly turn on the adhesion at constant engine speed;
- try to move on the incident engine speed: raise the readings up to 1500-2000 rpm and at the same time (but smoothly) release the clutch and gas pedals.
Having accelerate on the snow, you can allow a small slip (which cannot be said about the ice): it will clean the wheel protector from snow. If the car is not accelerated, reset the gas, then increase the craving again.
As for the start of the start, in the winter to avoid slipping the leading wheels on the ice is not easy. She is especially dangerous when traveling from parking, when the gaps between parked cars are minimal and there is a risk of touching neighbors, as the car does not listen to the helm at such a moment.
Here is a safe tactic how to trim on ice:
- squeeze the clutch pedal;
- turn on the second transmission;
- increase engine speed up to 1500 rpm;
- smoothly leave the clutch, follow the speed not falling below critical, so that the engine does not stall, and the drive wheels have not broken into the slip;
- at the point of starting a few seconds, hold the clutch pedal and make sure that the car began to move;
- after successful attachment, act as usual.
If you are sure you do not have enough skills touch on ice, Burst time, patience and practice. It is desirable that there are no other cars around, as well as strangers, since the tips experienced will not allow you to concentrate. Get smoothness, do not slip the wheels. Remember your actions, get used to proper position Pedals of clutch and gas, in which the balance is created between the thrust supplied to the wheels, and the minimum engine turnover required to ensure a sure start.
Accepted on the ice, use a stepwise zoom. Press the gas pedal by 10-15% and hold for a few seconds. Make sure the engine turnover increases, there is no slip, and the car accelerates. Increase the craving another 5-10% and continue overclocking the same way. If the slip is not possible to avoid, immediately squeeze the clutch and release the gas pedal so that the wheels do not have time to break into the snow. Try starting all over again. In the case of multiple unsuccessful trying Sweep under the leading wheels of sand or soil, to put a spruce sweetheck outside the city. At worst, you can crush the ice under the wheels with a sharp object to turn it into a snow-ice powder.
And what about the machine? Automatic gearbox Feed a uniform torque to drive wheels, which corresponds to each transmission. They make it smaster than drivers, fuel control with mechanical gearbox. It is precisely because, driving a car with automatic transmission, it is almost impossible to twist the motor, that is, exceed the crankshaft turnover above those that are inherent in one or another transmission, since the box itself will switch the gear gear above, the process top on ice Machine is noticeably simplified. In many modern automatic transmission, there are modes that limit the gear shift upwards, and also fix the inclusion of a given transmission. In this case, you can rigidly fix the inclusion of the second, imitating the action from the mechanical gearbox.
Some modern cars Complete special systemswhich facilitate the process of control on unstable coatings. Such systems help to trim on the sand, snow, ice, etc. Explore the instruction manual for the car and try using it. electronic systems In various combinations.
Is a slippery road. We continue to study the techniques of contraloan driving.
Top technique
For driving driving We are taught that on a slippery road, in the rain or snow, drivers should be extremely careful, because even experienced motorists can easily lose control, which often happens the cause of accidents. As you know, with a low clutch coefficient automotive tires With an expensive (for example, a rolled road, smooth ice), as well as on irregularities (gauges, pits, especially filled with water) driving can easily cause panic from the driver, fear, fear and many other unpleasant and dangerous sensations.
Many motorists make such a mistake: the so-called slipboard, when a person continues to "hold gas", while waiting for engagement.
Most often this method does not help anything. When the slip began, the wheel is pretty quickly warms up ice or snow, so the water layer is formed between the tire and the road blade. She prevents the engagement. In this situation, it is rarely possible to use all the technical capabilities of the second leading wheel, which stands on the solid ground. Here the differential simply turns it off, while all the power is transmitted to the axle wheel.
Secrets of slippery work
Remember, the first turnover of the wheel of your car should not have slip. If she still happened, then you need to minimize it. Even before the start of the start, it is necessary to align the front wheels of the machine, because even a small angle of rotation can slow down the car and provoke the slipping unnecessary to us.
If you touch, as they say "in the tension", then it is recommended to perform this at the speed of rotation is minimally stable due to the slip (delay) of the clutch.
To eliminate slip, experienced drivers Take a re-start using clutch and turn it on again. By the way, do not forget about the mechanism of loading-unloading cars over the axes. As soon as the first impulse occurs, that is, the inclusion of clutch, then rear wheels immediately loaded, and then due to the suspension reaction there are their unloading. It is this moment that often makes slipping.
If you control the front-wheel drive car, it is recommended to perform a double clutch disclosure. Thus, the first impulse to unload the front wheels, and the second will give on them the craving just at the moment when the car swallows forward. Before the touch, you should make sure that your wheels do not cost crooked, and when the wheels are first turnover there is no slip. The slip can be reduced using the parking brake (we can make the rear wheels) or with the help of increasing the increase.
There is a way to start a car swinging. In this case, the starting pulse needs to "fit" by the time of loading the main, that is, leading wheels. The same is done when jammed on ice, in the sand or pit. But wait that the car "clings" and still starts overclocking is a thing of quite unpromising. It did not work out all the actions correctly, and you still can't budge? Repeat all operations again.
Extreme Top Tests
It happened so that you need to move the car from the place with the minimum clutch coefficient, for example:
- if there is frost on the asphalt;
- ice covered with water;
- polished or risky snow;
- oblaged index and others.
The following techniques will help here. First you need to enable the increase (for example, the second or third). This will reduce the initial craving.
Then turn on the parking brake, and its "tight" should be about 50%, which will soften the rotational impulse.
Directly touching should be carried out by cautiously turning on the clutch several times with a constant small frequency of engine rotation. Once the average turnover is achieved, both pedals (gas and clutch) are simultaneously released.
How to maintain the stability of the car?
Often on a slippery road when switching gear, the car loses stability that entails a drift or rotation of the vehicle. To avoid this, you need to go to low transmissions. This will provide an opportunity to adjust stability, increase the thrust on the drive wheels and create a power reserve.
But switching the transmission during the drift is a serious task even for an experienced motorist. If you follow the advice specified below, you will cope with both driving and restore the stability of the machine.
To begin with, you should create a delay or slip of the clutch, that is, the same as in a situation with a start-up road. By the way, the delay time depends on the nature of the situation. For example, when switching while turning on slippery ice coating, it is better to combine the delay in the inclusion of the clutch and the "Peregazovka".
Technique implementation
We continue to stabilize the car with your left hand, the throttling also does not stop. The right hand should be free to switch gear. "Gas" is not completely closed, but a little covered.
The left foot is smoothly and gently turn off the clutch, we turn on the downstream transmission, but do not forget about the delay. This will make it possible to raise the turnover to subsequently eliminate the brake or accelerant pulse on the drive wheels.
The clutch inclusion delay in the machine is particularly relevant when there is no time for the "Peregazovka", or it is required to turn on low transmission with a specific passage. In time, these actions should not leave more than 0.8 seconds.
Stock footage about how to trim in a hill in winter:
Successes in extreme driving and be extremely neat!
The article uses the image from Isuzugo.ru
