The performance of the automotive battery is limited. When he fails, many just buy a new one. But almost every battery can be restored so that it still serves.
1 Battery Malfunctions - Symptoms of Disease
In the closed plastic container there are positive and negative plates. Inside the solution of hydrochloric acid is poured, referred to as an electrolyte, forming a galvanic pair with lead plates. The terminals serves a current from a charger or generator. When it is accumulated enough, the car battery becomes the source of electricity. It is spent on the engine start, the operation of the instruments and lighting.
The generator fills the loss of energy, but over time, for different reasons, the accumulated stock is missing for normal engine start. For properly operation There is a temporary factor: the plates are aging. Under certain conditions, you can restore the battery, breathe into it new life. There are several resuscitation methods. To choose the most suitable, we first determine the reason for the inoperability.
The most common cause of dying is sulfate lead electrodes. The discharge is accompanied by the formation of plates on the plates. If you do not allow critical discharges, then when charging the crystals dissolve. But the causes of sulfate not only in deep discharges. It is also caused by other circumstances: permanent underwear, long storage in the discharged state.
Sulfate is quite easy to determine visually. We unscrew the plugs and inspect the plates. Light white-brown flare testifies to the presence of a process. Other features, including non-maintained acidic batteries:
- when charging, begins to boil very quickly;
- a fully charged battery does not twist the motor, sits in a few minutes from a regular light bulb;
- white flag On the housing.
The second common fault is destroyed plates, their sprinkle. It is easily determined by black battery-colored acid. If there have been a lot of grilles, liven up such a voltage source is unlikely to succeed.
Neighboring plates can be closed. This occurs as a result of their deformation or sprinkling and formed at the bottom of the sludge. The closure occurs, as a rule, in one of the sections. A clear sign of KZ - electrolyte when charging in that jar does not boil or boils later, but the voltage indicator does not grow or grow very weakly.
Finally, the acid electrolyte can freeze. This happens when storing a strongly discharged battery in the cold. The ability to restore depends on the degree of damage to frost. If the ice-generated ice ripped the plastic case, then the plate, probably, was quenched, and they were closed, after defrosting, they will begin to crumble. If the housing is whole, wech the heat, and you can try to restore.
Any repairs start with cleaning. We remove the dirt from the surface, rinse with soda solution to neutralize the electrolyte, which is almost always on the lid. Cleans the terminals from the plaque with a small sandpaper. By the way, try how it works car battery With cleaned terminals. Often their oxidized surface does not allow to charge normally and to give electricity.
2 Simple desulfation - we use the usual charger
If the battery is overfilled, and the plates did not appear (electrolyte clean), then it is possible to restore it using a simple charger. We need to break the flare on the plates. In serious literature recommended pulse charging, alternation with discharge, strict hold of modes. Manually do it quite difficult, and special chargers are expensive.
In practice, everything can be done much easier. We use the simplest memory with a small alteration. We throw smoothing filters at the output of the lowering transformer. Instead, we establish a diode rectifier. Each of the four diodes is designed for current 10 A.
It will take a carometer to control the density of the electrolyte. We check it in all banks, recording the indicators. If there are 1.20 and lower, it's time to act. We look after the level: if there is an insufficient, pour the electrolyte standard density so that it closes the plates by 1 cm. We connect the charger, set the current 10% of the tank. If we have a battery of 60 Ah, then 6 A, you can less: 3-5 A.
In a simple memory, without fixing the parameters, the ammeter will first show some increase in current, then it will decrease, and the arrow is zoked in a certain position. From time to time, we watch the process in order not to miss the boiling start. After it, the current is reduced to 2 A, we continue to charge until it starts boiled again, and another 2 hours after that.
After graduation, the density is measured: it grows slightly. Leave the battery disconnected from the charger at the same time that it was charged. Again, we measure - we observe a small increase in density. If it has not come to normal, repeat the cycle. One day is left, usually the recovery occurs after 3-4, sometimes you have to repeat 5-6 times.
Never add an acid to an accumulated accumulator: it will only speed up the process and can lead to the death of the aggregate.
3 Second Method - Cycled Charge-discharge
There are automatic charge devices like "cedar" and similar. In the process of charging, they are independently disconnected at the right time. Pre-conduct full charge Up to the maximum level. Then 3-5 days turn on in the workout mode. In parallel, we cling the light bulb from the rotary lamp, press the corresponding button. The process is true: about a minute there is a charge, then 10 seconds discharge. After training, I charge finally.
Developed several schemes homemade devices, Like the factory, give a short pulse charge current and spend a small discharge in the intervals. The figure shows a diagram for which it is not difficult to create such a device if there is knowledge of radio engineering.
We connect it to the terminals and watch the LEDs. Green glow speaks of readiness for operation, and yellow and red - about the need for desulfation. We carry it out like this:
- we connect the device for a while until it is completely discharged (the D1 LED goes out);
- connect the memory and charge;
- we repeat the desulfate until green diodes D7, D8 appear.
Perhaps the process charge-discharge will have to repeat repeatedly. In particularly launched cases goes week and more. The feature of the device is that it consumes only 20 mA, it can be connected to on-board network. It will constantly maintain the right state of the battery without affecting the operation of the generator.
If there is no pulse memory, but we cannot do it yourself, we try to use manual mode. We take a simple charger with fixed settings. I exhibit 14 V and 0.8 A, we leave for 8-10 hours. The voltmeter will show the increased parameters. Be sure to leave for a day to settle and charge again, but the current 2 A. Voltage with density will increase a bit.
Run the process of desulfation. Connect the light bulb far Light. For 6-8 hours, we see the voltage drop to 9 V, we no longer admit - this is what we need. We will have to control the voltmeter. We repeat the cycles:
- night - I charge 0.8 A current;
- day costs;
- again the night - Charging 2 A.
Depending on the degree of launching, the process takes up to two weeks. A fully discharged battery is restored by 80%, which is enough to start the engine.
4 Change the electrolyte - return to the life of short-circuited batteries
If the liquid in banks has gained incomprehensible color: turbid, black, it will have to be replaced. This happens in very old, long-used batteries and short-circuit. In general, if the CW occurred due to lattice warp, it is possible to reanimate only by physical intervention.
On old batteries it was done simply: each bank was separate. Short-accumulated opened and installed new plates. Now all individual elements are enclosed in the common case, and such intervention is difficult, but maybe. On how to do it, tell me further, and now, how to change the electrolyte.
A short circuit is determined by black color, which has already been mentioned, and in charge. All banks begin to highlight the gas, and the shortly accumulated this does not happen. Further drain the electrolyte, pulling the pear. It is possible from one container, and better from all - the fill with fresh electrolyte does not prevent. Finding distilled water further, we slightly we swing the housing and carefully drain. Do not turn over so that the sludge is not stuck between the plates. We repeat until the water becomes clean.
In a bank with KZ, we resort to a more radical way. Serve a small hole 4-5 mm in the bottom of the housing, we drain the electrolyte and rinse with distilled water. All the sludge goes away, nothing remains. Hole close the plastic, applying a soldering iron. If the plates are not fed, then it will be enough to change the electrolyte.
The further process is happening like this:
- Pour the electrolyte with a density of 1.28. It is possible in two days to dissolve in it a pre-special additive for desulfation. Let's give to the day to come out.
- I charge 0.1 A current to the full density restoration, watching that there is no rapid boiling and severe body heating. If necessary, turn off, let it cool. We charge to 14-15 V.
- We look at the testimony of the area, reducing the current and leave for 2 hours. If during this time the density did not change, stop charging.
- We discharge a current of 0.5 a to 10 volts. If the indicator fell to this mark earlier than in 8 hours., Cycle repeat. If not - just charge to the nominal indicators.
And now about replacing the plates in an unclear battery with your own hands. Around it on top of cut plastic. Jumpers going to neighboring banks, disconnect in any way: we disappear or cut. We take out the package and rinse well in water to wash off the residues of the acid. Now we are looking for where it closes. We look at the plates and dielectric. Task: detect a particle that connects two plates.
Found - well, we remove it. First you should rinse, removing the whole thing, the package is installed in place. We restore the jumpers, glue the cover using glue, epoxy resin or melting with a soldering iron. Pour electrolyte and charge. If the plates are fused, you can use them from another old battery, selecting the least damaged package.
All work should be carried out in gloves and indoors with sufficient ventilation, and better in air: sulfuric acid and gases can cause harm to health.
5 chatter - the last chance in hopeless situation
If a strong voltage drop occurred in one of six tanks, when charging the poles change its value. A chain reaction is provoked, which leads to the same consequences in neighboring banks. The causes of the occurrence of such a situation are:
- excessive sulfate, non-recovery;
- incorrect connection of the battery for charging, which does not have protection against cords;
- dirt on the housing causing a constant self-discharge;
- the discharge is not controlled, a strong discharge occurred repeatedly;
- errors in the operation of the generator and other power supply and consumption devices.
The method of cakes is considered to be barbaric, but in other ways resuscitation is impossible. If there is a failure, there is nothing to regret, still the battery had one way - disposal.
To begin with, select the electrolyte from all cans with a carometer and look at the indicators. Reveal fully workers, patients and dead. Dead, as a rule, a little: one or two. Restore the container, by and large, follows only from them. But the solid body does not provide disassembly. You can use the technique described above to get to the defective banks.
We will tell you how to reassure all the containers at home, without resorting to the disassembly:
- First we discharge the old battery to zero, connecting some load, such as a car light bulb. We measure the voltage: if something remains, closing the terminals.
- In the rupture of the minor terminal of the charger, we include ballast resistance. Summer resistor 50 com. It will protect the plates from short circuit.
- Connect the wires from the memory in reverse polarity. Plus - to "minus" battery, minus - to "plus".
- We charge the current consisting of 10% of the container. The charge is gaining enough quickly, but the body is very heated.
- Lower the current to 2 A and continue to charge. Let me get bored with a low current 2 hours and turn off.
Checking the density: in normal containers it drops, in the killed rises. Further we carry out a strong discharge, closed the terminals. Connect to the charger, observing the correct polarity. We charge according to the above scheme. To restore it is recommended to make a reversive twice.
You should not resort to ignition when there are such signs of malfunction:
- in banks black electrolyte;
- short circuit;
- insufficient density level.
First, we use repair methods for a particular case, and if it does not help - we use the ransom.
All owners road transport have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe purpose and principle of battery life. However, not many are familiar with the methods of restoring batteries.
Design and principle of work
According to the picture above, the battery consists of:
- Battery lid;
- Inter-element compound;
- Ventilation cork;
- Bridge connecting;
- Pole conclusion;
- Born;
- Cathode - negative electrode (PB);
- Separator;
- Anode is a positive electrode (PBO2);
- Polymer monoblock;
- Reference prism;
- Interbacked partition.
Under the construction of the battery means a vessel with a solution of electrolyte and with lead electrodes inside. The electrolyte is a mixture of H2SO4 acid and H2O purified water. One of the plates is made of pb spongy lead and is a cathode, and the other - from the pBO2 lead dioxide, is an anode.
Lead, being an easy-to-find metal, has the property of electrolytic dissolution, by transition of positive metal ions into the solution. In the process of lowering the lead plates into the electrolyte solution, the positive lead ions will be disconnected from it and transferred to the solution, while the electrode will have a negative potential.
With an increase in the difference in potentials, this process slows down until the balance of the balance between the force, ejecting ions into the solution, and the forces of the electrostatic field and excessive hydrostatic pressure per solution.
When the electrode is immersed from lead dioxide into a solution of sulfuric acid, the process of its transition to the solution, where it connects with water is converted to PB4 + lead ions and hydroxyl ions. PB4 + ions, settled on the electrode, form positive potential on it, and the acid creates only ions it + and HSO4. Accordingly, at the discharge of the battery, sulfuric acid is used, water is formed, and formation on two lead sulfate plates. When charging the battery, processes pass in the opposite direction.
Possible battery malfunctions
Among the faults of batteries, the mains are:
- Revolutionary battery. This process is characterized by the fact that when operating the battery in cyclic mode, the capacity of some batteries in the battery can be added to the "charge-discharge" over time. Such an imbalance may lead to the fact that the realized battery will begin to charge from neighboring serviceable batteries, but the charge will pass in the opposite direction, the so-called is formed. reverse polarity. Since the charging voltage is almost 2 times higher than the discharge, the ignition can lead to the failure of several batteries. As a consequence, it is possible to destroy the battery due to severe gas dividing and heating;
- Sulfation of battery plates. Lead sulfate formation process is normal for all lead batteries. Formed small crystals of lead sulfate when charging the battery dissolve and do not deliver problems. However, the abnormal sulfate, in the form of a large-crystalline lead sulfate, is not dissolved during charge and over time covers the entire active part of the electrodes, mixing the charge of the battery.
Factors indicating the fact that the battery is outer and has a deep sulfate, are:
- A large difference of electrolyte density in different banks;
- The small capacity of the AKB compared to the guaranteed documentation;
- Sharp voltage increase at the beginning of the battery charge;
- Rapid increase in electrolyte temperature;
- Very slow growth of electrolyte density when charging;
- Early boiling electrolyte solution compared to normal time.
Causes of faults and elimination methods
The main causes of faults are:
- Finding batteries in discharged or underwritten states for a long time;
- Regular charging of oversized currents;
- Frequent absolute discharges;
- Low electrolyte level;
- Increased electrolyte density;
- Temperature changes.
Recovery normal work The battery in the presence of abnormal sulfation is necessary:
- Long-term recharge of the battery for 3 hours;
- Restoration of the battery is reversed.
Understanding the full processes occurring in the battery and troubleshooting methods will allow preventing breakdown and extend the life of the battery.
Video
Greetings to you friends. Today I will tell you about the most effective method Recovery of tank in lead acid batteries.
In the period of even the right to operate, the battery loses its container every day. And at one fine moment of his charge lacks to start the car engine. This example is exacerbated with the arrival of cold weather.
Naturally, the car enthusiast puts the battery for charging and after some time sees that the battery does not charge, and the voltage during charging stands as normal - 14.4-14.7 V or higher (12.6 without a charger).
Then if there is a loading plug, the check is made to it and it turns out that under the load, the voltage is very sensitive. Everything indicates the battery loss. The reason for this is the sulfate of the plates.
Usually, with proper operation, this occurs in about 5 years. This is a very good indicator. And here there is a way out - buy new battery. But, if you want to save money (as the batteries are not cheap now, and extend the battery life for another couple of years, then it is necessary to carry out its service. And not a simple, but a special that can reanimate the battery.
What batteries can be restored?
This method is suitable for batteries, which during the period of operation were not susceptible to serious current or mechanical damage. And they were unusable as a result of temporary, natural sulfate.This method is not suitable for rechargeable batteries in which there is an inner swap plate, there is an internal closure of cans, there is a swift or other mechanical damage.
The method is excellent for desulfation of plates and is called the people by the method of "revroves" of the battery.
I divide the recovery battery into three stages.
Battery recovery process
Stage First: Preparation
The first thing is not necessary, but you need to do this to clean the surface of the battery from any contamination. Rinse S. detergent All surface.Further, to be visually verified in the absence of damage on the housing, in the absence of fuses and convexities on the sides.
Second, open all jacks of cans and make sure that the electrolyte is available. If it is not in one of the cans, then you need to make sure there are no cracks on the case.
Then, with the help of a flashlight, inspect the plates inside - ships should not be. Here just for one one can clearly see sulfate - white bloom on the plates.
If everything is in order - add distilled water to each jar to the level. It will not be superfluous to measure the density of the electrolyte of each compartment.
Stage Second: Classic Recovery Method
Before switching to the storage of the battery, you must test the usual restoration method that has already become classic.Step one: We charge the battery to a complete charge of 14.4 V.
Step two: The halogen light bulb or another load is discharged by the battery to 10.6 V (the voltage is measured under the same load).
We repeat the cycle of these two steps 3 times and charge the battery for complete. Checking the container load fork or starter in the machine work. If the battery recovered - well - continue operation. If not, or not enough, then proceed to the third stage.
Stage Three: Rechacter Revolutionary Battery
This battery recovery method is the most effective of all existing ones. And reanimits the battery in almost 90% of cases.Step one: We hang on the battery load in the form of a halogen lamp, and discharge the battery in zero. The lamp will go through after a day (it all depends on the initial capacity of the battery). We leave the battery with the connected lamp for another 2-3 days to finally discharge the remnants.
Step two: Charging the battery reverse current. Connect the charger on the contrary: plus to minus, and minus to the plus. In order not to spoil your charger (or so that the defense against short circuit), in series batteries, connect the same halogen lamp. And charge the battery in reverse polarity. After the voltage rose to Volt 5-6, the chain lamp can be excluded. Charge current It is advisable to put 5 percent of the battery capacity. That is, if the capacity of 60 amps-hours, then the charge current in the opposite direction is 3 amps. At this time, all the banks with electrolyte begin to be actively brown and hiss it is normal, since there is a reverse process.
I charge about a day, until the voltage appears 12-14 V. In the end, you turned out a fully charged battery with which at the output of the plus - minus, and on the minus - plus.
Step Three: Again, completely discharge the battery with a halogen lamp for a couple of days. Then produce proper charging Plus to the plus, minus to minus. We charge to full up to 14.4 V.
On this all actions are completed.
Recovery Battery Recovery Result
Typically, the result helps to increase the battery capacity to 70-100% of the factory, of course there are exceptions.Specifically, in my case, it was possible to raise the container by 95% - which is an excellent result. The plates disappeared white sulfate flying, and they purchased a black color like a new battery. The electrolyte has become more transparent and clean.
Battery recovery video
I recommend you to watch the video where the battery is completely restored, which is about 10 years old.At first, there is a "routing" with a change in the polarity of food, and almost at the very end already given a full cycle of ransom.
Here, your expensive battery completely broke. Problems began such as boiling after five minutes of connection to the charger, or it does not take the charge, but the ordinary car light bulb is completely discharged in just a few minutes in zero. And so, you are standing and thinking "what to do, throw away or try to restore the power source." To date, there is a sufficiently large number of diverse options for the revival of the AKB, and one of them is the ransom of your power source. You have nothing to lose ...
But we warn it, it is very radical measures, it must be done when another exit is no longer! In particular, the sulfate of the power supply is so strong that it is no longer removing it with any methods and even desulfation methods! Nevertheless, if these methods work, do not resort to the rally, it just will surely kill your battery.
What is a convement?
For those who do not know, the reversing is a change in the power supply poles, the method of one hundred percent discharge or otherwise "in zero", and further charge under other poles. It is done, it is for the resumption of the productivity of the battery, increase its tank.
I will say easier, you simply change places plus and minus, the terminal that was the plus became a minus, minus became the plus. Nothing difficult, right?
For reference: minus plates are made of lead, but positive lead dioxide.
What to do the stirring?
Simply, this is a war with sulfate plate and resumption of the power supply capacity, for as a rule, sulfates are very strongly clogged with positive plates. In order to destroy them, you need to make minuses from the plus plates! This is just done due to the ransom.
Well, for example, you lies in the house, or the garage is not at all a working battery at all, and making this easy process of cakes, you can give her a second life. Of course, it will not function flawlessly, but in summer period You can easily operate it, but for winter it will not be at all suitable.
Yes, this is a radical method and should not be done if your power supply
Lost a total of 10 - 20% of the tank.
We carry out this frightening process.
Yes, there are a lot of frightening and complex at first glance. But it is very, very easy to do.
Take not workers rechargeable battery. That is: it rapidly boils, its container ranges from 10 to 30% of the nominal, very and very rapidly discharged into zero.
Quickly boils, literally in a few minutes
Of course, this power source is not able to help make the start of the Motor machine, he just doesn't need enough power. Therefore, the reversal of such a battery is simply necessary. Establish:
- Firm the power supply a hundred percent. Next, we hinder any load on the terminals, as a rule, a fairly automotive light bulb. Then we need to change the terminals from the charger, in particular, the minus wire connect to the positive terminal! It is clear that the minus - to the positive.
- Make the charging process. The power source, no matter how surprisingly starts to take the charge, besides very vigorously, but a very strong heating of the battery will begin, it tells us that the battery begins to transform the Poles, and the plates in the middle are changed.
- Initially, it is necessary to give a high current, about ten percent of the battery capacity, but then you need to charge the current into two amps. In addition, I advise you to hang additional resistance, so that it took over the main heating. There will be a sufficiently small resistor.
- We expect full boiling cans, with a small current.
After this unearned process, your power source is overgrown and gains the required container. There are situations that without problems can be resumed up to 90% of the nominal. This is the whole process, as you can see it is easy enough. But he does not always come in handy.
In this video, an attempt to restore the car battery. This roller is Chernova and starred just over three days. A story about the method from A to Z on the restoration of the car battery almost to its fullest tank. The battery was the cheapest 4 years ago in the store stickers on it. In IPB they say that this method also works but after I saw I doubt it strongly!
Immediately I will say that this method is very dangerous and in order to protect yourself, work with the battery should be done in a well-ventilated room, and the battery risk must be immersed in cold water container.
When the battery does not really have a container and quickly discharge it does not represent a strong threat, but as soon as it increases with it, it starts greatly heats up and is a violent reaction in banks with strong hydrogen release, and this is already dangerous.
Well, the video roller my flour is lower.
