Earthmoving machines of the continuous operation of the USSR engineering troops. Engineering and Sapper Machines IMR and MDK as a ship on the waves

The design of a new pit machine for replacing the troops of outdated MDC-2 machines and MDC-2M began almost simultaneously with the design of the BAT-2 path-2 in the Design Bureau department No. 61. A.A. Malysheva (Kharkov) under the leadership of the chief designer P.I. Sagira in the late 70s of the last century. The product 453 (the factory index) was adopted in the late 80s called the MDC-3 pitched machine. Its mass production was organized at the Kharkov plant of transport engineering. Malyshev. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 did not allow to deploy a full-scale production new carHowever, a small number of MDC-3 in the troops still fell. MDC-3 Case, Engine, Transmission, Suspension and chassis In general, it is completely similar to the corresponding nodes and aggregates of the heavy tracked tractor-conveyor MT-T produced at the same factory. Special equipment of the pit machine includes bulldozer equipment, ripper and excavator kit. The working body of the excavator is the milling machine with a thrust that provides high performance when passage of the kittlers. The powerful bulldozer is used to align the platforms and can be installed with distortion in both directions, which makes it possible to produce work on the slopes of heights and oscillations. The ripper accelerates earthworks in solid soils. In the cab cabin there is a place to install the R-123M radio station, and the FIV is installed. The machine consists in service with engineering and saming units and parts to the present.

Machine for the digging machine MDK-2M is designed for the arrangement of trenches and storage facilities for techniques for filtioning facilities (cliffs, shelters, fire facilities). Dimensions of catlovanov: Width along the bottom of 3.5 m, the depth is up to 3.5 m, the length is needed. Soil classes developed - I-IV. Performance by the number of removed soil up to 350 m3 per hour.

The car consists of a Crawler Tractor AT-T (product 409U), the main working body (for digging pots) - cutter mills and auxiliary bulldozer equipment. The layout diagram of the kitroom machine is determined by the design of the working body and the position of the engines during the digging of the pit. Kotlovinna MDK-2 Machine is a multi-pass with Ruhans along the bottom of the excavation, it takes off. Engine power 305 liters. C., Mass 27.3 tons, transport speed up to 36 km / h. The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filtering installation, due to which the machine is capable of working on the ground infected with poisonous or radioactive substances. Moreover, the crew (2 people) in the cockpit may find without means of protection. The cabin holds up to five people, including the driver. The stock of the fuel is enough for 500 km of run or 10-12 hours of operation in the soil. The time to prepare the car to work is 5-7 minutes. The cabin provides a place to install the R-123 radio station, but it is not equipped with it. Equipped with a rattergenometer radiometer, a set of PNV-57T (night vision device).

The working body is a milling circuit mill and thrower; Mounted coaxially on one gearbox. The required recess profile is achieved by the use of plows and joints, which are attached to the frame of the working body. Drain of the soil raised by the thrower is carried out in one direction from the car. To create brush agents on both sides of the pit it is necessary to change the direction of the working moves of the machine.

Fig. 183. Machine for Kotlovanov MDK-2

Drain of butts occurs in a layer, shuttle way when moving the car forward, with a speed diminist on, reverse is idle. The soil is ejected to the right side of the pit for a distance of up to 10 m and is in the form of brush. In one pass, the recess machine is 30-40 cm. A bit of 3.5 × 3.4 m is created for six work moves. For the first three passes, the workforce is carried out in one direction of the movement of the machine with the formation of two entrances apartments at an angle of 15 °. With the next three passes, the working turn is carried out in the opposite in comparison with previous passages. This changes the direction of the soil emission. At the beginning of the pit, at the expense of the work of the main working body, a canopy ramp with a slope of about 15 °. The second camery is gradually cut into the auxiliary working body (bulldozer) at an angle of 40-45 °.

After the last aisle, it is necessary to plan the bottom of the bulldozer.

MDC-2 bulldozer equipment allows you to carry out work on the leveling of the bottom of the bottom, the belling of the kittlers, the closure of the gentle descents. Permissible lateral deviation when the machine is operation of up to 15 degrees, the angle of lifting / descent during the operation of the machine must be up to 28 degrees.

MDK-3 machine It is a further development of the MDC-2M machine and is intended for the cloves of the trench and storage facilities for techniques for filtioning facilities (cliffs, shelters, fire facilities). The dimensions of the catlovanov, which come off: width along the bottom of 3.7 m, the depth of up to 3.5 m, the length is needed. Soil classes developed by -1-IV.

When digging, the ground, the ground, root, lies in one side to the left of the pit in the form of Bruzier. If it is necessary, the device of Bruzier on both sides, after two to three passages it is necessary to change the direction of digging. Unlike MDK-2M MDK-3 car during digging a pit moving reverse, Roy for one passage of cutting down to 1.75 m (instead of 30-40 cm in old car). At the beginning and at the end of the pit, there is a gerier ran apartments with a slope of 15 degrees.

The auxiliary equipment is the powerful bulldozer equipment and a pypotnik for frozen soils, which significantly increased the possibilities of the machine compared to the old. Pypypushnik allows digging frozen and solid soils to a depth of 0.3 m. Bulldozer allows you to use the machine for planning sites in front of the kittle's digging, alignment and stripping of kittlers, backfills installed in the attallion of fortification facilities, frustration of the funnels, clouds of gentle deputies, removal of frozen soil, Dropped up. In addition, the bulldozer can be used for a pnenetic with a diameter of 20-40 cm.

The formation of wide pitchers are carried out by 2-3 parallel passages of the machine with a change in the direction of the soil emission.

A permissible side slope when operating a machine - up to 15 degrees, an angle of lifting / descent during operation - up to 28 °. Productivity by the number of dumped soil is 500-600 m3 per hour. As a basic chassis, a tracked Truck tractor MT-T (product 453) was applied. The machine has a total weight - 39 tons (instead of 27.3 tons in MDC-2M), the transport velocity of the machine to 65 km / h. The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filter ventilation unit, so that the machine can work on the terrain infected with poison or radioactive substances, Moreover, the crew (2 people) in the cockpit may be without protection equipment. The cabin holds up to five people, including the driver. The stock of the fuel is enough for 500 km of run or 10-12 hours of operation in the soil. Time to prepare the car to work 5-7 minutes.

In the cab cabin there is a place to install the R-123 radio station (tank), but the MDK-3 is not completed. Equipped with a set of PNV (night vision device).

Fig. 184. Machine for Kotlovanov MDK-3

Tactical and Technical Specifications of Kotlovinna Machines

Regimental Earthmaker PSM-2

General device, principle of operation and main tactical and technical characteristics EO-4421.

Excavator EO-4421 is a slot machine cyclic action. It is intended for mechanization Earth and loading and unloading work. The excavator is used to dig trenches and pita in the soils of 1-4th categories without loosening, in frozen soils after their preliminary breaking. The presence of hook suspension allows you to raise, lowering and moving various goods.

Fig. 185. EOS-4421 excavator

Tactical and technical characteristics

Technical characteristics of excavator

General data excavator

Power installation excavator

Stroke structure, principle of operation, main nodes and excavator mechanisms

The main parts of the excavator belong to the base machine, the cargo frame with remote supports, the reverse rotary device, the rotary platform, the power supply of the work equipment, work equipment, hydraulic drive, control drives and electrical equipment.

The basic machine is the KRAZ-255B car, which has some modifications that are implemented for mounting the excavator installation. The final chassis of the base car caused by the need to reduce its mass and simplify the installation of the cargo frame. In places of fastening the cargo frame to the car frame in the frames of the frame welded ribs. In front of the frame installed a stand for fastening the working equipment in the transport position due to the establishment of a cargo frame changed the location of the receiver, refined pneumatic system and the energy efficiency of the car. Left (along) fuel tank moved to the cargo frame. The spare wheel container is installed in front of the cargo frame. A headlight is fastened to the stern part of the base car to illuminate the terrain during the movement by reverse.

The carrier frame is designed for installation, a reference device and unloading (together with remote supports) of the car's chassis. The frame is a stamp-welded structure. The main elements of the frame there are two longitudinal beams connected by a number of lumbar inserts. Longitudinal beams end on both sides by brackets for attaching remote supports and their hydraulic cylinders. On the upper part of the frame there is a shelter from a bustal surface to install a reference device. To increase the stiffness of the design brackets, front remote supports are connected by a screed.

Remote supports are designed to unload (together with the cargo frame) of the chassis of the car and create the necessary support of the machine during the breakdown of the soil and performing loading and unloading works. In the working position, remote supports are in contact with the soil, while the average and rear bridges Unloaded, and the excavator is hanging on four supports and two front wheels, increases its supports and allows you to create a significant (up to 91 kN) effort on the cutting edge of the bucket. In the transport position of the rods of the hydraulic cylinders are drawn, and the supports are raised.

The reference device is intended to rotate the rotary platform relative to the base machine, as well as to transmit workers in the turning platform to the cargo frame. The reverse rotary device consists of a rings charged by bolts, rollers and a gear crown.

The rotary platform is designed to place the power plant, the main elements of the hydraulic system, controls, excavator cabins and work equipment. It is support, withstands all loads arising during the operation of the excavator, and through the reference device relies on the cargo frame. In front of the platform there are four-stroke four-cylinder diesel with liquid cooling With a vortex combustion chamber and systems, it is provided: nutrition of fuel and air, lubrication, cooling and starting. Rated engine power (SMD-14) 55 kW. The power plant is a source of energy for the work equipment. To start a diesel engine is the single-cylinder two-stroke PD-10U launcher with the RMD8-19S4B reducer. The start of the PD-10U engine is carried out by electric starter ST-350.

To facilitate the launch of a diesel engine at a reduced ambient temperature, an electrofactable preheater is provided.

Working equipment is a returned shovel and consists of a unified arrows, handles, bucket, hook suspension, bucket hydraulic cylinders and handles, two boom hydraulic cylinders, pipelines and sleeves high pressure. Raising and lowering the boom is carried out by hydraulic cylinders.

The boom is designed to be installed on it handles with buckets and hydraulic cylinders. It is a permanent welded design of the boxoffs of a M-shaped form.

The handle is an elongated box-type welded design made of sheet rolled sheet and made from the same material as an arrow.

Fig. 186. Layout EOS-4421 excavator

1 - Basic Machine: 2 - Working equipment; 3 - Power installation of work equipment; 4 - Rotary platform: 5 - remote support; 6 - the leading device; 7 - Ribbon Frame

BAT-2 SHAYMHPROKOKLADAH is designed for mechanization of engineering work when laying columns, training in the city of military roads.

SHAYMHOPROKLADAH consists of a base - MT-T caterpillar chassis, a universal bulldozer, crane, baking powder, winches.

The crawler chassis of SHAKHOPROKLADACH is designed on the basis of the component parts of the heavy transporter tractor MT-T.

Fig. 187. SHAHKHOPROKLADAH BAT-2

The main parts of the caterpillar chassis are frame, cabin, power plant, transmission, chassis, pneumatic equipment and electrical equipment.

The working equipment of SHAKHOPROKLADACH BATT-M includes bulldozer and crane equipment, mechanisms of bulldozer equipment, a power take-off mechanism, electric-pneumocherumane and hydraulic engine.

Bulldozer equipment is intended for layer-by-layer cutting and movement of soil. It is hosted in front of the machine and can be installed in a working or transport position. In the working position, the bulldozer equipment dropped to the ground. In the case of carrying out a transport running machine to a distance of up to 5 km, the bulldozer equipment is suspended on the chains. Piud making march for a distance of more than 10 km it consists by tipping through the cabin on the platform and fixed.

The main parts of the bulldozer equipment is a frame, pushes of the frame, dust and ski.

Crane equipment is intended for mechanization of loading and unloading operations when laying column paths and dismantling bulldozer equipment. Load capacity of equipment - 2 tons of any arrows departure. The maximum height of the hook lift is 5.3 m on the arrows departure - 1.1 m and 2 m - for the departure of the boom 5.4 m. The speed of lifting and lowering the cargo by the winch - 0.18 m / s, the arrow - 0.37 and 0.22 m / s. Rotate frequency of rotation of 1.9 min.

Fig. 188. Svalkoprokladcha Bat-M

The main parts are the basic machine (engineering wheel tractor ICT) and work equipment.

Working equipment is intended for loosening and moving soil for minor distances. Component parts The work equipment is a bulldozer, control mechanisms and hydraulic engineering.

Bulldozer equipment with a universal dump is intended for layer-by-layer cutting and the formation of the prism of the soil. The composition of the bulldozer equipment includes dump, frame and ski.

When preparing the bulldozer equipment to operation of the dock wing are installed in the position required for operation. When installing the blade into the graded position on the wing extended, the oven is installed, which is in a non-working position on the body of the tractor.

The permutations of the wings in the bulldozer, the sylocked status and their skew occurs without the calculation of the cab.

The width of the capture of the dust in the hatch-owner position is 3300 mm, in the bulldozer - 3820 mm, the grader - 3240 mm. The angle of installation of the wings in the hatchoprokludal position is 110 °. Duck height - 1060 mm. The maximum height of the lift of the dust is 1580 mm, and the recess is 400 mm. The mass of the work equipment is 2.9 tons. Time to translate bulldozer equipment in working position - 2 minutes.

(seventies - early XXI century)

Machine for passages of MDK-3 catlovanov
(Product 453)

The machine for passages of Cotelers MDK-3 is the further development of the MDC-2M machine and is intended for excerpts of the trenches and shelters for techniques, for the fortification facilities (cliffs, asylums, firing facilities). Dimensions of catlovanov: Width for the bottom 3.7m., Depth up to 3.5m., Length of need. Classes of used soils I-IV.

Performance by the number of carved soil 500-600 cubic meters. in hour. According to some sources ("Handbook of the Rescuer" Edition of the Ministry of Emergency Situations) Performance reaches 800 cubic meters per hour.

When passageing, the cutlets developed soil fit into one side to the left of the pitcher in the form of brush. If it is necessary, the device of Bruzier on both sides for the second aisle needs to change the direction of passages. The beginning and end of the pit is a gentleman's ranp with a slope of 15 degrees. The bulldozer equipment allows you to use the machine for drinking the kittlers, the devices of gentle deputies. The auxiliary equipment is the powerful bulldozer equipment and a ripper for frozen soils, which significantly increased the possibilities of the machine compared to the old.

The main tactical and technical characteristics of MDK-3

The main difference between MDK-3 from its predecessor is that the exhausting of the pit is made when the car moves back, so that the pit is removed in a much smaller number of passes, compared with MDC-2. For example, the trench for the MDK-3 tank takes off in just one pass literally for 3-4 minutes.
If MDK-2, for one pass, removed the soil layer 30-40cm, then MDK-3 removes 1.75 m.

The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filter - ventilating unit, due to which the machine can operate on the terrain infected with poisoning and radioactive substances, and the crew (2 people) in the cabin may be without protective equipment. The cabin holds up to five people, including the driver. . Time to prepare the car to work 5-7 minutes. There is a place to install the R-123 radio station (tank) but it is not completed. Equipped with a radiometer-radiometer DP-3B, a set of PNV (night vision device).

From the author. Radiometer can be assumed by the era rudiment when everyone believed that the new World War It will certainly be nuclear. The author has always wondered - for what engineering machines Put the means of measuring radioactive infection? In order to calculate the calculation to work and quickly surprised from this place? So because the zones of infection with nuclear explosions stretch for tens of kilometers. This is first. And secondly, the combat task must be performed under all conditions. Despite the threat of death. This is an axiom of war. Hard, I would say - cruel. But the necessary and inevitable. The level of radioactivity as the reason for the failure of a combat mission will not receive any tribunal. So better the crew does not know what it is doomed.
But clean air in the cabin needed. And the filter installation of the thing is very useful and necessary. When working in the pit, the clouds of dust and sand rose into the air. Plus, the exhaust gases from the engine accumulate in the pit. The author himself has repeatedly lit, working on MDC-2 (January 1970. Radomyshl. Military internship in the battalion of equipment control points), has not yet realized that it is possible to turn on the Fer.

Sources

1. Establishment on the Military Engineering case for the Soviet Army. Military Publisher .. Moscow. 1984
2. Required engineering training. Tutorial. Military Publishing. Moscow. 1982
3. Engineering weapons machines. Part 4. Basic products. Military Publisher .. Moscow. 1987
4. Lifeguard directory. Vni Goches. Moscow. 2006

The BTM high-speed trench car is designed for passages of trenches and moves of the message in the soils to the category III inclusive with the blade of the removed soil along both sides of the tired trench. Rotor applied as work equipment ...

Multifungal excavators (continuous operation)

Excavators of continuous action are called earthmoving machines, developing and transporting soil continuously. At the same time, both operations are digging and transporting the soil - performed simultaneously. Unlike single-line excavators, the continuous development of the soil provides higher developing, however, chief flaw Continuous machines are small versatility. Each landing machine, whether chain or rotary trench excavators, excavators - drainagers, auger and two-robot excavators-channel-pumpers, ameliorative multi-loving transverse digging excavators and all the more - large career multi-loving excavators - all of them are intended to perform certain operations and cannot be used on other Works.

BTM speed trench cars

The BTM high-speed trench car is designed for passages of trenches and moves of the message in the soils to the category III inclusive with the blade of the removed soil along both sides of the tired trench. A rotor with 8-lathes with a capacity of 160 liters is applied as the work equipment.

The maximum capacity of the machine with a trench width at the top of 1.1 m, along the bottom - 0.6 m and at a depth of 1.5 m - 800 m / h. The machine was developed on the basis of the product 409U, or, otherwise, the heavy artillery tractor of AT-T, designed by the Kharkov machine-building plant named after Malyshev under the leadership of the famous Soviet tank destroyer A.A. Morozov (produced at -t from 1950 to 1979). On the tractor set diesel engine A-401 with a capacity of 415 hp, allowing to develop transport speed up to 35 km / h. The stock of fuel is enough for 500 km of stroke or 10-12 hours of work in the soil. The cabin is sealed, equipped with a film-ventilating unit, the crew is 2 people. Machine weight - 26.5 tons.

The production of Trench cars BTM has begun since 1957 at the Dmitrov Excavator Plant. The rise-lowering of the rotor was carried out by a cable block system using a P-shaped frame. The buckets were closed, which was affected by the machine performance: when working on clay and wet soils, the ground was clogged and not purified in the vertical position, so it was necessary to clean them manually. Presumably, this drawback is eliminated on the modification of the BTM-2 machine on which the buckets with chain bottoms are applied. On the further modification of BTM-3, the mechanism of sub-lowering rotor was changed and such machines were produced until the end of the 70s.

BTM-4 machine - prototype; As a base used AT-T tractor. Later, a new multi-purpose tracked tractor MT-T is applied. Serial production under the index BTM-4M.

Trench high-speed cars of BTM entered the engineering troops of the USSR Sun. For population purposes, BTM-TMG (rotary) and BTM-TMG-2 (chain) are developed and manufactured.

BTM speed trench car based on AT-T tractor. The machine is installed on a pedestal near the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine. Photos made Rio1.

Trench cars TMK

TMK trench car is the MAZ-538 wheel tractor, on which the working body is mounted for tranches and bulldozer equipment. The machine allows you to excerpt trenches in soils to the IV category inclusive. Trench separation in melt soils at a depth of 1.5 m is carried out at a rate of 700 m / h, in frozen soils of 210 m / h.

Rotary working body, blackless type. The work equipment includes mechanical transmission Drive and hydraulic mechanism for lifting and lowering the working body. On the frame of the working body, passive type joints are established, providing the formation of inclined walls of the trench. Raised from the trench, the soil with throws is scattered along both sides of the trench.

The installed auxiliary bulldozer equipment with a width of a drop of 3.3 m makes it possible to plan a location, backing holes, pvv, digging of butts, etc.

The basic all-wheel drive wheel tractor MAZ-538 is equipped with an engine D-12A-375A with a capacity of 375 hp.

TMK machines were made since 1975 at the Dmitrov Excavator Plant. Later on the wheel tractor KZT-538DK produced an upgraded trench machine TMK-2.

Dumping machines MDK and MKM

With the transition of production in 1946 on the T-54 Tank Constructors of the Kharkiv CB named after M.A. Morozov under the leadership of M.N.Shukin and A.I.Avtomonov began to develop a tractor ID.401 based on this tank. These works were carried out on the task of GAU and CACU. Tractor successfully passed the tests, and in 1953 the first serial samples of the AT-T (artillery tractor is heavy) came out.

The pit machine MDK-2 (MDC-2M) is an excavation machine on the basis of a heavy artillery tractor at the AT-T (produced from 1950 to 1979. Kharkiv Machine-Building Plant named after Malyshev) and is intended for excerpts of kotlovanov size 3.5 x 3.5 M of any length in various soils to the IV category inclusive. The bulldozer equipment available on the machine allows planning a platform before passageing the pit, cleaning and aligning the bottom of the bottom, backing up holes, pvv, trenche and kittylovanov and TP.

Under the passage of the kittlers, the soil developed in one direction to the right of the pit in the form of bars at a distance of 10 m. In one pass, the recess is 30-40 cm. Type of working body - Mill with thrower; Technical productivity - 300 m3 / h; Transport vehicle speed - 35.5 km / h.

The pit machine MDK-3 (the first, prototype) is designed for the excerpts of the kittlers with a width of 3.5 m in a depth of 5 m for the shelter of the technique. Basic tractor is at-T tractor with additional power installationAs a result, the installed power of the engines reaches 1115 hp !!! Productivity of the machine on the soils II - III categories - 1000 - 1200 m3 / h. Machine weight - 34 tons.

Drivet car MDK-3 (late serial version) It is a further development of the MDC-2M machine and is intended for excerpts of the trenches and shelters for techniques, which are forrtive constructions. The basic machine is a multi-purpose heavy tracked tractor-ta-t conveyor, developed by Kharkov KB. A.A. Morozova and issued from 1976 to 1991. Kharkov Machine-Building Plant named after Malyshev.

When passageing, the cutlets developed soil fit into one side to the left of the pitcher in the form of brush. Unlike MDK-2M, the MDK-3 dripping machine with a passage of the pit moves with a reverse, tearing off the auxiliary equipment is a powerful bulldozer and a ripper for frozen soils, which significantly increased the possibilities of the machine compared to preceding. Technical productivity of the machine - 500 - 600 m3 / h; Transport speed - 65 km / h.

Earthwalls DR and PRS

The regimental excavation machine PRM-2 refers to tranche-pitched machines designed for trays of trenches and pita in the fortification equipment of positions, regions of the arrangement of troops and control points. In melting soils, the machine provides a passage of trenches and pita, in frozen - only trenches.

WORKING EQUIPMENT MACHINE - chain-free chain with a rotary thrower. Technical performance with a passage of kittlers - 140 m3 / h, tranches - 180 m3 / h. Dimensions of the tired trench: width 0.65 - 0.9 m, depth - 1.2 m; Dimensions of catlovanov: from 2.5 to 3.0 m deep to 3 m.

Bulldozer equipment can be used to frown trenches, ditches and holes, as well as for cleaning roads in winter time. The winch with a traction force 5 t is used for self-drawing and to ensure the necessary traction effort when passing the kittlers and tranches in frozen soils with an overwhelmed surface.

The grinding machine PRM-2 is mounted on the wheel tractor T-155 of the Kharkov Tractor Plant. It installed the SMD-62 engine with a capacity of 165 hp.

Divisional agricultural machine DR is an experimental sample of a trailed trench-pitched machine equipped with two chain blasting working bodies. As a tractor used wheeled MAZ-538.