From April 1, 2014, the rights of a new sample began to be issued in connection with the emergence of new categories and subcategories driving license... Most categories require separate training for them. Subcategories are automatically opened when the corresponding category is open. A vehicle of category M can be driven by drivers with rights of any category.
Classification and description of categories of driving licenses in 2015
| Category and subcategory | Vehicle type and description |
| AND | Motorcycles |
| A1 | Light motorcycles with engine power from 50 to 125 cc and maximum power up to 11kW |
| IN | Cars with a maximum permissible weight up to 3.5 t and the number passenger seats no more than 8 (in addition to the driver's seat) |
| IN 1 | Tricycles and quadricycles |
| BE | Automobiles of category "B" with a trailer weighing more than 750 kg |
| FROM | Cars with a maximum permissible weight of more than 3.5 tons (except for cars of category "D"), including those with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| C1 | Cars with a maximum permissible mass from 3.5 to 7.5 tons (except for cars of category "D"), including cars of subcategory C1 with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| CE | Cars of category "C" with a trailer weighing from 750 kg to 3.5 tons |
| C1E | Cars of subcategory "C1" with a trailer, the mass of which is more than 750 kg, but does not exceed the mass of the car without load, with a total mass of such a composition not exceeding 12 tons |
| D | Cars for the carriage of passengers with more than 8 passenger seats (in addition to the driver's seat), including those with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| D1 | Cars with 8-16 passenger seats (except for the driver's seat), including cars of subcategory "D1" with a trailer weighing up to 750 kg |
| DE | Cars of category "D" with a trailer weighing more than 750 kg up to 3.5 tons, as well as articulated buses |
| D1E | Cars of subcategory "D1" with a trailer, the mass of which is more than 750 kg, but does not exceed the mass of the car without load, with a total mass of such a composition of not more than 12 tons |
| M | Mopeds, scooters and quads with engine displacement up to 50 cc |
| Tm | Trams |
| Tb | Trolleybuses |
The new 2015 driver's license contains the following information:
- Name, date and place of birth of the owner of the rights
- Date of issue of the certificate (4a) and its validity period (4b), as well as the code of the traffic police department that issued the license (4c)
- Driver's license series and number
- Place of registration of the owner of the certificate
- All open categories of rights
- Color photograph of the holder of the license (full face, without a headdress, on a gray background) and his personal signature in special black ink
- On the back there is a table with the new 16 categories and subcategories of rights, more detailed information on each of open categories (date of obtaining the rights to manage this category, validity period, restrictions),
- barcode and special marks (for example, blood type, driving a vehicle only with glasses, etc.)
When do you need to change the old rights to new ones?
There is no urgent need to change old rights to new ones. All previously issued driver's licenses are valid until the expiration of the period specified in them (for citizens of the Russian Federation, the rights are issued for 10 years). But if desired, the driver can get a new license earlier than the specified period.
Documents for replacing a driver's license
To replace the certificate, you must provide the traffic police with the originals of the following documents:
- passport or other identity document
- medical certificate form 083 / U-89 and its photocopy
- old driver's license
- driver's card confirming the completion of training (but most often not required)
They also take a photo and give a receipt for payment of the state duty. From January 1, 2015, the state duty is 2,000 rubles. The new rights apply to the same categories that were originally opened, as well as to new subcategories. Category "M" opens automatically if you have the rights of any category.
In addition, the new rights may contain the "AT" mark, which allows driving a passenger car with automatic transmission, but prohibits driving a "mechanic". If there is no such mark, then both the "mechanics" and the "automatic" control are allowed.
You receive the rights on the same day. To save time, the procedure for replacing rights can be passed to registered users on the website of public services.
When replacing a driver's license, no exams are taken!
Driver's license categories - the type of vehicle that the owner of this document is allowed to drive. Today there are six main and four additional categories. There are also special versions that allow you to drive vehicles with a trailer.
Driver's license category B allows you to drive passenger cars. At the same time, not allowing to drive buses or route taxis... There is a separate category of rights for these types of transport. The driver can only drive those types of which are listed in his license. If these requirements are not met, he faces a fine of up to fifteen thousand rubles.
What is indicated on a driver's license?
The new type of driver's license contains complete information about their owner. The ID is often used as a document that can confirm the identity of the driver. It contains the following information:
- Driver's initials.
- Place and date of birth.
- The validity period of the certificate.
- Date of obtaining rights.
- issuing the certificate.
- The signature of the owner of the document.
- Right number.
- Photo of the owner.
- List of categories.
- Additional information - medical indications, blood type, etc.
All information on the driver's license is indicated in Cyrillic. If letters of another alphabet are used, then the inscription is repeated in Latin letters.
What does a driver's license look like?
Information on the certificate is placed on both sides. Personal information about the driver is located on the front of the document. On the reverse - the categories of rights of the new sample are deciphered. Here, as a rule, those types are indicated for which the driver has control.
Front side
The name of the received document and the territory of the subject whose organization issued the document are noted in the upper part of it. On the left is a photo of the driver. He should be captured on her without headwear and glasses. Photo size is standard - 3x4. If the wearer has vision problems, then he can take a picture with glasses, but only with one condition: their lenses must not be tinted. For people of certain religious beliefs, photographs in headdresses are allowed.
The driver, upon receipt of the license, signs under the photo. The left autograph must fully match the one in the passport. The driver's initials and date of birth are indicated on the right side of the driver's license. All data written in Russian must be duplicated in the Latin alphabet. Also on the right side there is information about who issued the document, its series and number, the driver's area of \u200b\u200bresidence. Below is information about the assigned category.
back side
On the left side of the driver's license there is a barcode containing all data about the driver. The rest of the surface contains a table containing information about all categories. Those that are available to the driver are marked with a special mark. On the same side is the validity period of these categories. Additional special information is located below the table. Driving experience is often indicated.
New categories
In November 2013, amendments were made to the law "On road safety". According to the introduced amendments, the list of categories of driver's license has changed. It has been supplemented with new subclasses. An explanation of the categories of a driver's license is presented below.
Category A
A driving license of category A provides the ability to drive ordinary motorcycles. And also those models to which the stroller is screwed. In addition, it makes it possible to drive motorized carriages. These are rather rare means of transportation today. According to traffic rules, two-wheeled transport units are classified as motorcycles. They have or do not have a side trailer. Also, this category of rights allows you to drive four-wheeled and three-wheeled vehicles, the mass of which is not more than 400 kg in a loaded state.
Subcategory A1
Allows to ride motorcycles equipped with engines of small volume and power. For drivers - owners of category A - riding on vehicles belonging to category A1 is available.
Category B
Passenger cars, jeeps, minibuses and small trucks are vehicles that can be driven with a driver's license of this category. In addition, you can drive motorized carriages and cars with a trailer. Moreover, the mass of the latter should not exceed 750 kg. If the weight of the unit exceeds this indicator, then additional requirements are imposed on the vehicle:
- The mass of the vehicle without cargo should not be lower than the mass of the trailer.
- 3.5 tons - maximum permissible weight hitching a car and a trailer.
To drive a vehicle with a heavy wagon, a person must have a BE standard driver's license. Such units include machines of category B with a trailer, the weight of which is greater than the weight of the machine or 750 kg. And also a car and a trailer, the total weight of which exceeds 500 kg.
Subcategory B1
Category B1 driving license allows you to drive quadricycles and tricycles. Detailed information about transport related to this class, difficult to find. It should be noted that ATV and ATV are different vehicles. Therefore, it is prohibited to drive the first one, having only the rights to the second one.
Category C
Driving medium and heavy trucks and trucks with trailers weighing no more than 750 kilograms is allowed only with a category C driver's license. At the same time, the weight of ordinary vehicles ranges from 3500 to 7500 kilograms. Heavy - more than 7500 kilograms. In the presence of category C, drive cars and small trucks weighing no more than 3500 kg are prohibited.
The driver is allowed to drive a truck with a trailer weighing over 750 kilograms. But only if you have a driving license of the CE subcategory. It includes vehicles with trailers weighing more than 750 kilograms.
Subcategory C1
Category C1 driver's license allows you to drive cargo type... His maximum weight ranges from 3500 to 7500 kilograms. A light trailer can be attached to such vehicles, which weighs no more than 750 kg. If the driver has class C, then he has the right to drive cars corresponding to subcategory C1.
Separately, it is worth mentioning such categories of a driver's license as C1E. Such rights give the driver the opportunity to drive cars of category C1 equipped with trailers. Moreover, their maximum weight should not exceed 750 kilograms. Weight freight transport and its trailer should not be more than 12 thousand kg. If you have a senior category CE driver's license, a person can drive a vehicle belonging to the C1E category.
Category D
Driving buses, regardless of their weight, and buses with a trailer weighing no more than 750 kilograms is possible with a category D driver's license. If you plan to use a second type of vehicle with a larger mass, you must have a DE category license. This category also includes buses articulated with each other.
Subcategory D1
Driving small passenger buses with seats from 9 to 16 is possible with a D1 driver's license. It also includes light trailers. Their maximum weight does not exceed 750 kilograms. Driving buses with heavier trailers requires category D1E.
It is worth immediately paying attention to the fact that the trailer should only be cargo, not passenger. Their total weight should not exceed 12 tons. Those drivers who are category D can drive buses belonging to the subcategory D1. And those with a DE rank can drive cars of the D1E class.
Category E
To date, the categories of new driving licenses do not include category E. It has been replaced by the subclasses described above: BE, CE, DE, D1E, C1E. If the driver has a category E license, they can always be surrendered. And in return, get a new identity with an updated rank.
Category M
The driver's license was introduced relatively recently. It appeared in November 2013. According to this category, those drivers who have received a license can drive light ATVs and mopeds. At the same time, those drivers who have the rights of any other categories can drive such vehicles. However, for example, the license of a tractor driver does not give the right to drive a moped.
Tb and Tm categories
In 2016, new points of traffic rules, according to which the decoding of the categories of the new driver's license Tb and Tm corresponds to the right to drive trams and trolleybuses. Previously, both types public transport did not stand out in separate classes. Information about the ability to manage such funds was entered in a special column of the driver's license. These were special marks.
Replacement of driver's license
To obtain a new driver's license, the driver must contact the traffic police department, providing the employees with the following documents:
- Medical certificate.
- Citizen's passport Russian Federation.
- Old driver's license.
- A receipt confirming the payment of the state duty. Last year the amount was 2,000 rubles.
- Photos 3x4.
All information is transferred to the new rights. They also indicate which categories of driver's license were opened in the old document. Also, new categories are introduced into a fresh copy. If the driver has at least one category, he automatically opens class M. The new license can be taken on the same day on which the documents were submitted. In addition, an application for a replacement ID can be left on the website public services... You don't need to take the exam again to get a new document.
What do you need to open a new category of driving license?
In order to obtain a new or additional category of driving license, two procedures must be followed:
- corresponding to the selected category.
- Pass the exam.
B1 and M are issued only after passing a theoretical test, which in many ways resembles passing for category B. And also after passing a practical exam, reaching the age of sixteen for categories A1 and M and eighteen years of age for A. The rights to cars and trucks are issued only after as the driver will be of legal age.
Training for the rights of categories B1 and C1 is conducted only for those who are over 18 years old. Getting a license for buses, trams and trolleybuses is much more difficult. It is issued only upon reaching the age of 21. Driving categories BE, CE and DE require at least one year of driving experience. Subcategories C1E and D1E are issued only if the driver has open previous digits - C, D, C1, D1.
Despite the fact that new series of driver's licenses were added to the traffic rules, the procedure for obtaining them has practically not changed, having undergone only minor innovations. Age and seniority remained the main differences. For example, a new driver's license may indicate the type of vehicle transmission. If there is no such mark on the license, it means that the driver can be operated with both a mechanical and automatic gearbox... Also, what the categories in the driver's license mean has not changed: all the information has remained the same.
Any citizen of the Russian Federation who meets the requirements can pass the exam for any of the above categories. Passage of theoretical and practical courses is carried out on the basis of driving schools. Many traffic police departments require drivers to provide a certificate of graduation from such an educational institution. The absence of such a document does not allow a potential driver to take the exam for a driver's license.
By visiting a driving school, we learn to drive cars and vehicles belonging to different types:
- motorcycles;
- cars - sedans, hatchbacks, crossovers;
- trucks;
- passenger transport.
In addition, driving with trailers requires special training from the future driver, which is also indicated in the driver's license.
After completing the training course, we receive a driver's license, which indicates the category of vehicles that we will be able to drive in the future. These categories are designated using letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers, as well as their combinations: "A", "D1", "C1E" and so on.
If we drive a vehicle without the appropriate category, then such a violation will be regarded as driving without the right to drive.
Article 12.7 of the Administrative Code provides for severe punishment:
- a fine in the amount of five to fifteen thousand rubles;
- detention of a vehicle pending clarification;
- a ban on driving this vehicle.
That is, if we learned to ride passenger car, and we were detained on a truck with a trailer, then, as we see, it will not be sweet.
What are the categories?
At the moment there are 7 main categories and several subcategories.
- A - the presence of such a mark in the rights allows us to drive motorcycles;
- B - passenger cars;
- С - trucks;
- D - passenger transport;
- M - quadricycles, mopeds;
- TM - trams;
- Tb - trolleybuses.
In addition, there is a gradation of categories and tolerances for tractor drivers and operators of special equipment.
It would seem that everything is simple - you have a category "C" and ride to your health on any trucks. But, trucks are different: up to 7.5 tons (Gazelle, ZIL-Bychok), 7.5 tons and above (MAZ, ZIL-130 and so on). Agree that it is much easier to taxi around the city on a tilt Gazelle than on a GAZ-53.
The same can be said for passenger transport: there is big buses for more than 30 passenger seats, and there are small buses for 8-16 passenger seats.
Based on all this, driving license subcategories.
So, motorcycles were divided into two subspecies in terms of engine volume, hence the two subcategories:
- A1 - volume up to 50 cubic centimeters;
- A - more than 50.
In addition, the M category has appeared, which must be obtained without fail if you want to ride a light scooter, moped, as well as an ATV (not to be confused with an ATV).
The beloved and most common category B was divided in the same way:
- В1 - any transport three- and four-wheeled vehicles with a mass of no more than 400 kilograms, ATVs and tricycles just belong to them;
- B - passenger cars up to three and a half tons, and with seats for no more than eight passengers.
It's the same story - with Category B, you can drive ATVs, but not vice versa. Remember also that having category B, control vehicles categories A and A1 you cannot.
Trucks are also divided into categories:
- C1 - weighing up to seven and a half tons;
- C - seven and a half tons and more.
Passenger transport is also divided:
- D1 - up to 16 passengers;
- D - over sixteen passenger seats.
Certain problems can be caused by the cancellation of category E, which gave the right to drive cars with a trailer.
Today, instead of a separate category, subcategories are used, which is not as difficult to deal with as it might seem - the letter E is simply added to your category and this indicates that you have the right ride with a trailer weighing more than 750 kgwhich is coupled to your vehicle: BE, CE, C1E, DE, D1E.
If you buy a regular light trailer weighing up to 750 kilograms, then you do not need to get a separate category for this - having category B, you can safely ride with a trailer of 450-750 kg, and this will not be considered a violation. But it should be borne in mind that if with this trailer the total weight of your vehicle exceeds that indicated in the category (that is, if your small car together with the trailer weighs more than 3.5 tons), then this is already considered a violation.
Every driver who received a license after 2015 should carefully study all the changes made to some categories. It may even turn out that you can no longer get behind the wheel of your vehicle. The punishment for driving a car without having the appropriate open category in the driver's license is a very serious offense, so take it as responsibly as possible.
Categories: general characteristics
As a new sample, you can see the following designations:
Subcategories: general characteristics
These include:
- Subcategory "A1". It is needed to travel on a motorcycle with an engine volume of 50 to 125 cubic centimeters. This category of transport includes a scooter.
- Subcategory "B1". The presence of such a designation in the rights allows driving on public roads on a tricycle and an ATV. In this case, the mass of the vehicle should not exceed 550 kilograms. Maximum speed in this case, it should not exceed 50 kilometers per hour, and the engine volume - 50 cubic centimeters.
- Subcategory "C1". It will be needed if there is a need to drive a car weighing from 3500 to 7500 kilograms and a trailer weighing less than 750 kilograms. At the same time, it is impossible to move in a car that falls under the category "D", having this subcategory.
- Subcategory "C1E". By owning it, you can control a vehicle whose mass is from 3.5 to 7.5 tons and a trailer weighing more than 750 kilograms. At the same time, the total weight should not exceed 12 tons.
- Subcategory "D1". If you have this subcategory, you can transport citizens by motor transport, the capacity of which does not exceed 16 seats. In addition, a trailer weighing no more than 750 kilograms can be attached to the vehicle.
- Subcategory "D1E". Thanks to such a mark in the license, you can drive a vehicle of category "D" with a trailer weighing no more than 750 kilograms. Moreover, the total weight should not exceed 12 tons.
Age of obtaining a driver's license
Citizens issue rights in our country only after a certain age. Many believe that a driver's license of all categories can be obtained only after the age of 18. In fact, you can drive some types of vehicles earlier.
Residents of our country can become owners of rights depending on the onset of the following age thresholds:
- from the age of 16 you can carry out the movement on settlement on vehicles that fall under the categories "M" and "A1";
- from the age of 18, citizens are allowed to travel in cars that fall under the category "A and B";
- after the age of 21, you can get a license in the directions "D", "D1", "Tm" and "Tb".
Additional marks
Drivers who have recently received a driver's license may notice 2 columns "Special marks" in the document. They contain various restrictions for all open categories or certain vehicles.
Do I need to change the rights due to the emergence of new categories?
After the appearance of new categories, in accordance with the law, citizens are not obliged to surrender their existing rights. Replacing a driver's license is mandatory every 10 years. At the same time, the loss and further restoration of rights to given time does not affect.
Obtaining a certain category gives you the right to drive the corresponding vehicle, so it is better to cover several directions at once in a driving school, if in the future, in your opinion, you may need them.
Such a solution will allow you to save a lot of money, since when you receive several categories of driving schools, discounts are usually made. In addition, you do not have to waste your time if you want to open another direction.
When signing a contract, carefully study all the points regarding various subtleties, in particular payment.
For example, driving schools often convince that the cost of gasoline is included in the tuition fee, and then it turns out that the opposite is stated in the documents and, referring to the relevant clause of the contract, you will be charged an additional fee.
Many drivers who apply to the traffic police with a statement to replace the old plastic with a new model driver's license, introduced in 2017, paid attention to a number of external changes in the new "rights". Changes in the current regulations governing the form of a Russian driver's license were caused by the desire to bring the VU of the national model in accordance with the requirements of the Vienna Convention "On road traffic"Dated November 8, 1968
Now, according to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1097 "On admission to driving vehicles" (together with the "Rules for conducting exams for the right to drive vehicles and issuing driving licenses") dated 10.24.2014, the new driving license contains subcategories of vehicles that were not previously used, or rather combined with larger categories.
New driver's license - changes and differences
Considering the fact that the new Russian driver's license began to look different, many drivers have a question about changing the document. But don't worry - you won't need to change the old rights to the new ones. The rules state that lost documents (theft, loss) or those that have lost legal force are subject to replacement for documents of a new sample. As before, the new driver's license will be valid for ten years. If the car owner can confirm the fact that he studied at a driving school and passed all stages of exams, then when issuing new rights, additional exams will not be required.
Categories and subcategories in the new driver's license
If you are driving a moped, then you should get a driver's license of a new sample, where there will be a corresponding mark - new types of categories and subcategories of vehicles are announced in the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 6 dated 01/09/2014. The law establishes that the moped belongs to the vehicle category "M". If you turn over the driver's license, then the grid contains the following new categories: Tb - trolleybuses, and Tm - trams.
Photo: Maxim Blinov / RIA Novosti www.ria.ru - A - motorcycles;
- A1 - light motorcycles with engine displacement from 50 to 125 cc. see and maximum power up to 11 kW;
- B - vehicles with a maximum permissible weight not exceeding 3.5 tons and the number of seats, in addition to the driver's seat, not exceeding eight;
- В1 - tricycles and ATVs, in column 12, in this case, an additional mark "AS" is put (with car system control) - if category "A" and "MS" (with a motorcycle control system) are not open - if category "B" is not open;
- BE - vehicles of category B with a trailer, the maximum permissible weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms;
- C - vehicles with a maximum permissible weight of more than 3.5 tons, including with a trailer up to 750 kg;
- C1 - includes cars with a maximum permissible weight of 3.5 to 7.5 tons;
- CE - vehicles of category C with a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kilograms;
- С1Е - vehicles of the CE category, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3.5 tons but does not exceed 7.5 tons;
- D - cars intended for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats, in addition to the driver's seat, including with a trailer up to 750 kg;
- D1 - cars equipped with 9-16 seats, except for the driver's;
- DE - a vehicle of category D coupled to a trailer, the maximum permissible mass of which exceeds 750 kg, but does not exceed 3.5 tons;
- D1E - vehicles of category DE, the maximum permissible weight of which exceeds 3.5 tons but does not exceed 7.5 tons;
- M - mopeds, scooters, as well as light ATVs with engine displacement up to 50 cc. cm;
- Tm - trams;
- Tb - trolleybuses.
Additional marks in the driver's license of the new sample
The new driver's license (on the back of the license, at the very bottom) now contains the AT mark, which means that the driver has the right to drive only the vehicle in which there is an automatic transmission. And if he decided to get behind the wheel of a car where there is a manual checkpoint, then he needs to pass additional exams at the traffic police. In connection with the introduced changes, the procedure for training drivers in driving schools has changed. If earlier the driver had to know, in theory and in practice, how the speed of a manual transmission is switched, now this is no longer necessary.
Today, many car owners buy their cars exclusively with automatic transmission transmissions, therefore training is provided for them on cars with an automatic machine, about which the corresponding mark "AT" will be on the driver's license of the new sample. The "AT" mark also refers to the restrictions for the driver, and the one who has this category in the rights does not have the right to drive a car with a manual mechanical box gear.
Another limitation is a specially designed vehicle designed for drivers with disabilities, due to which they are not able to drive a regular car.
For example, a driver has a disability (one or both legs are missing), then he may be obliged to drive a car that is equipped with a full manual control a car without pedals.
Although the corresponding changes have already been made at the legislative level, their implementation in practice is proceeding gradually. This is due to the fact that in order to concretize the scheme for passing the training of drivers in the framework of driving vehicles of new categories, the adoption of clarifying and clarifying documents is required. Driving schools will have to modernize taking into account the new legislative requirements.
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