Refusal of personal cars
According to forecasts, by 2050, 2.5 billion cars will be on the planet, most of which, of course, will ride in the cities. In China, the level of motorization will catch up with US (840 cars per 1000 people). To present what collapse can wait for us, you do not need a time machine: just look at. With all this, a personal car is still expensive, requires money for insurance, parking and service, and only 4% of time is used on average. Therefore, residents of large cities are increasingly moving to public transport, cutting and services like Uber.
Jessica Robinson, representative of the Ford City Solutions division: "Cities workload grows, and it makes us weird things. For example, in Mexico City, you can enter the city center only with an even number of the car for one days, with an odd number - on others. How do people bypass it? They buy two cars. therefore automobile companies must look for new solutions. In the future, the principle of ownership of cars will inevitably happen. And the decline in the price for Mile will sooner or later lead to the fact that the taxi will cost the same as public transport. "
Development of flexible transport systems
Urban bus concept exterior panels which displays an interactive map with the movement route
Cities in the present form, designed by the eyelid in the XIX, physically can not cope with so many cars. Obviously, it is impossible to rebuild the entire road network. Therefore B. different countriesah governments invest in new transportation management technologies and transport monitoring systems to optimize the situation on the roads.
Esterall, Professor, Esade Business School: "All cities are very distinctive. For example, Barcelona has been 2000 years old - part of the center was designed in the XIV century, part - at the beginning of the XIX. For example, in America you will not find this. Although no one wants to have a car in New York, and in Los Angeles no one can live without a car. In general, we will never have a unified model applied everywhere.
Projects that deserve interest today are transportation services on demand. Cities need Uber for buses, trucks and everything else, which could solve basic problems. Instead of having permanent night buses that ride empty, you must have a flexible system capable of adapting to the situation, for queries and specific conditions. The demand for transport in Barcelona in high season is different from a calm season. It makes no sense to always let the same number of buses and taxis. "
Buses and minibuses of a new type
In the world there are more and more transport services that occupy a niche between a taxi and urban transport. One of the bright examples is the Uberpool joint travel service, the launch of which: Unlike the usual trip from the Uber, the driver can pick up other travelers, and the price of such a trip for each of them will be significantly lower. There are many services with buses on request: examples - German, Indian and startup with domestic roots -. New startups plan their routes with the needs of users, including a dynamic routing system based on data analysis. In the future, such services will help to more effectively solve the city's transport problems.
Jessica Robinson: "The main device that gives us freedom of movement is our smartphone. It allows you to bind citizens and services. Cities are changing and growing, new areas appear, where people are populated, the demand for public transport and urban services increases in them. In San Francisco we have a company that allows people to get to work more cheap and convenient. In the center of London, new hybrid vans are tested, it is economical and eco. "
Large data and transport streaming
Collection and analysis of data on situations on the road already changes the transport industry. American railway workers from General Electric use smart sensors that help them predict traffic and manage real-time them. Union Pacific In addition to the sensors uses the system of ultrasonic detection of cracks on wheels. Trailers of large transport companies are no longer idle when the central automatic system Planning knows exactly when the truck and the driver are ready for work.
Building the optimal route and the exhaustion of certain patterns saves fuel and time not only on land, but also on the water. Sea transport uses large data in combination with weather forecasts and density for optimal navigation and reduced collision risks. The city authorities in many capitals began to think about how damage is caused by the cork economy on their roads, and now they are ready to invest in new technologies that can correct this situation.
"If a transport companiesHaving a large fleet of their cars will cooperate with the city authorities and share the data that gathers sensors on their transport, we could distribute the load on the roads, build new routes. "
Mosgortrans as the development of new bus routes "Magistral" in Moscow also worked closely with specialists in great data.
Alexey Mityaev, Advisor of the Head of Detain Transport, Head of the Magistral Project: "We analyzed the population density and the concentration of jobs, passenger traffic of existing routes and metro stations, transplants when traveling, movement speeds and automotive streams. For this project, an interactive platform was specially created on the basis of data Code, Mosgortrans, Department information technologiesWith which it was possible to analyze the impersonal information about the movement of citizens in the city. About 1000 people were engaged in the preparation of the "highway".
Distribution of new personal means of movement
E-Micro One Electroscuter
1 of 4.The Ford CARR-E prototype, which resembles a car hybrid, a gyro and a robot vacuum cleaner. On the device weighing 10 kg and with a carrying capacity of 120 kg, you can ride standing or carrying severity
2 of 4.Sitting Unicycle Honda Uni-Cub
3 of 4.Triciti - Electric bicycle transforming into a cargo carriage
4 out of 4.In urban transport system One essential gap remains - "the problem of the last mile". Suppose we can quickly and conveniently move around the city on a subway or bus, but before that bus and metro still need to get. For this, the townspeople tame new motorized means, for example, electrical cuters. Similar to children's scooters, they accelerate to quite adults 20 km / h and capable of driving a distance of up to 35 km on one charge.
Josh Miller, CNET site observer: "Of course, not all electrical scooters are the same. EcoReco, one of the most famous brands, makes models resembling a tank. But they are too heavy and bulky so that it is easy to throw it on the luggage shelf of electric trains or keep on the weight in a crowded bus. But E-Micro One for me has become a revelation. It looks more like an electric scooter, the engine of which automatically comes to life when you click on the pedal. It is less and more easier than other electroscipers (7.5 kg), and it allows you to ride with minimal effort, even when the battery sees it. But, unfortunately, he has no shock-absorbing suspension. "
There are more original vehicles: gyroscurists, segregates, monocoles, etc. For example, Honda has released UNI-CUB - personal sedimentary unicycle designed to move on sidewalks. How the CNET editors are joking, these are the first steps to degrade humanity from the cartoon "Valle * and": according to his plot people in the future are unbearably lazily walking on foot and they.
New types of personal transport include Folding Triciti electric drive, developed by Ford engineers.
James Neigbauer, author Triciti, Ford of Europe: "The first obvious use option is to ride around the city, such as parking to the door of the house. Trike quickly turns into a motorized wheelbarrow for transportation, including their lifting on the stairs. It is still difficult to imagine exactly where it will find the application - perhaps it will become a cart in the supermarket of the future, transport to move the airport or car washbasin on the golf course. "
Delon delivery directly to your kitchen
DRON PRIME AIR company Amazon
It is very possible that the urban infrastructure will soon be further adapted and the concept of drone couriers will grow to grow into something real. Today, the leader in technology in this area is the e-commerce giant Amazon. The company has already started to carry out the first delivery by air to its customers a year ago. So, within the framework of the Prime Air program, Dron delivered a telecommunication and pack of popcorn to some Richard from Cambridgeshire County in England. Now the company is engaged in the development of giant flying warehouses, from which drones will lower the goods down - to the housing of people. It will make delivery cheaper.
According to unofficial data, Russian Post is preparing to use drones to deliver parcels and correspondence into hard-to-reach areas of the country. Similar experiments already holds France's post: there drones are tested at a 15-kilometer segment and once a week.
Engineers Ford showed its vision of the delivery of the future. Their idea of \u200b\u200bAutoLiveRY is represented by the symbiosis of a unmanned vehicle that transports drones. When the van approaches the address of the delivery, Drone is separated from the goods and rises directly to the balcony of the apartment.
Andrei Frolov, editor-in-chief of the arms export magazine: "To date, I do not see the point of carrying cargo weighing 500 grams within the city. Obviously, it is only Amazon PR campaigns and pizzerias. All this is nothing more than a joke. Another thing is that drones should be applied where there is a direct threat to a person: in the zones of radioactive or chemical infection, natural cataclysms. "
Autonomous vehicles
2 out of 5.
3 of 5.
4 out of 5
5 out of 5.
The world has long been dreaming autonomous drone. Developments in this area are carried out practically and cargo leaders (Renault-Nissan, Ford, Peugeot Citroën, Audi, Daimler AG, General Motors, Tesla, Toyota), and technological giants (Google, Uber, Apple), and small startups (Faraday Future, Otto, Comma.Ai, Cognitive Technologies).
Andrey Chernogorov, CEO COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES: "The market of unmanned cars will soon be evaluated at $ 100 billion, a fundamental change in the consumption model will occur. Different concepts are discussed: personal vehicles, taxi services, public transport. For me there is no big difference, whether it will be a bus, truck and a small car. We made a prototype, presented it in the state competition, received funding, and KAMAZ became an industrial partner. "
Ken Washington, Vice President of Research and Prospective Engineering in Ford Motor Company: "We are developing software for more than ten years. Over the past year, we released on the roads in California, Michigan and Arizona 30 test unmanned cars. But we have to do a lot of work. No one else in the world has created a truly autonomous machine that works in its scenario, fully oriented in space, etc. We continue to improve software, develop new sensors, research. Our goal is to create by 2021.
How does our system work? First we create a three-dimensional area of \u200b\u200bthe terrain in high resolution, place it and load it into the car. Our unmanned system has different sensors - two lidar, long-distance radars, as well as several wide-angle cameras. Software collects data from all devices, making the characteristic of what is happening around by defining each object in the field of view. These data are superimposed on the area map - if this object is not on it, the system assumes that it can happen next, and chooses the most secure route. "
Work and entertainment in the salon of the future
So designers present entertainment in the car of the future
Internet in transport no one is not surprised. But with development multimedia systems It can be useful not only to flip facebook or instagram, but also spending time with benefit. It is easy to imagine how a personal car turns into an office or a coworking, so that your working day you could start right along the way to the office. Or submit a school-bus in which classes are held right in the city with a check-in in different places related to the lesson program.
Andrei Chernogorov: "A separate market that will begin to develop with the appearance of unmanned cars are in Car Entertainment. Now it is impossible to play or watch movies in the car, because you need to steer. And the maximum that can be done is to insert empty to headrests so that the children watched cartoons and distract the driver. But soon it will be possible to make a full-fledged cinema room, a negotiation room, a relax area with pleasant music and a place where you can sleep. The car's salon will be equipped just like the living rooms. "
Don Butler, executive director of the unit of connected services and vehicles with communication functions, Ford Motor Company: "At first we connected our customers to a car using Sync, now we have connected the car to the cloud in partnership with Vodafone. If we present the future with autonomous machines, we will not need to drive a car and follow the road. Therefore, we can use windows and all other surfaces in the cabin as displays. You will be able to watch a movie, concert or television show on the big screen or participate in a virtual conference: the presentation slides is projected on one side, and the participants are on the other. Plus, this medium must be flexible. For example, if you drive through a park or historical building, the car can become a virtual guide, telling what exactly you see in the window. "
Unmanned urban cleaners
Futuristic concept of garbage purposes
The spread of unmanned systems is likely to affect not only personal and public transport in the city, but also, for example, city services. Municipalities are eagerly awaiting the emergence of these technologies that are able to save the budget.
Martha Jubereo, head of sustainable development in the municipality of Barcelona: "Today we produce twice as large as in the 1960s, is somewhere 1.3 kg of garbage per person per day. And this is a big problem. Cleaning streets and garbage collection - key services that account for 65% of the municipal budget. In Barcelona, \u200b\u200bthey leave somewhere € 270 million per year. In the future, having autonomous garbage trucks and cleaning machines, we could reduce this budget more than half. Somewhere € 140 million we could spend on health care and education.
With the advent of artificial intelligence and distribute the Internet of things, we will have access to real-time data. The municipality will be able to monitor every aspect of urban services. Usually these services provide private companies that won the tender, and it would be easier for us to control the execution of contracts prisoners with them. "
In California, the first happened in the world of accidents With the participation of pedestrian and prototype of a unmanned car from Uber, who performed a test race. Local authorities came to the conclusion that the car is not to blame, and the woman passed the road in the wrong place. In Uber and Toyota temporarily suspended the tests of all their drone. However, other companies have not abandoned their projects, and in the coming years some of them will go into mass production. "New Gazeta" made a selection of what a person is to move in the city of the future.
Section Earth: Car without driver
Scientists from different countries are fighting over the development of a unmanned car, including in Russia. However, it was not possible to create a drone to anyone else: all over the world there are only prototypes of such cars. At the same time, scientists are clear now: the car without drivers is an inevitable future, only the question remains: who is the first? In Russia, the first real drone is planned to bring to the global market by 2025.
Special attention is paid to the transport system in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The country has long been known to the world with his futuristic plans to change the city. Not so long ago, the authorities began to cooperate with the American company, which offers to bring to the road "Autonomous Cubes". You can order a cube using the application, and it can, or can deliver you to any place, or deliver you food or things from the store. Cubes are able to separate apart right along the movement.
Passengers who are afraid to ride unmanned cars, the Bureau NBBJ offered to transfer on the subway. However, there are no machinists and trains in the subway, but there are trackers. According to the plan of architects (on the example of the London ring line), instead of rails there will be three moving tracks: from the slowest (5 km / h) to the very fast (24 km / h). Movement on the travolors will not stop at each stop, which will significantly speed up the time of movement.
The project of travolors in the London metro. Photo: nbbj.
Change the idea of \u200b\u200bthe method of movement tried and the developers of ThyssenKrupp elevators. The company proposed to develop an elevator system that moves horizontally. Internet users have already managed to call this system "Elevator Willy Wonki".
Section Air: Flying Taxi
The other day, the Russian media had the news that the prototype was tested in New Zealand unmanned flying device Cora. Drone engines operate from electrical batteries, it is also able to take off to a height from 150 to 900 m and landed vertically. The owner plans include creating their own air taxi service.
Cora. Photo: Thomas Heinser / Kittyhawk Create your service of flying taxi is trying on another continent: in North America. In early February, Airbus tested the apparatus called "Alpha One" As part of the Vahana project. While the prototype of the flying taxi rises to a height of about 5 meters and flies 53 seconds, but Airbus has big plans.
Another project in which Airbus, Audi and ItalDesign are involved, is called Pop.up Next. At the 2018 Geneva Motor Show, the developers presented the cabin, which can be either traileed to the summer or to the ground module. The vehicle is equipped with speech recognition system and facial expressions to facilitate navigation.
For those who are tired of the fuss of the megapolis, Designer Thiago Barros offers a ride on the aircraft Passing Cloud.. This steel design with balloons in the form of a cloud is similar to a airship, which moves with wind speed and depends on its direction. "This is a unique journey, swimming in the atmosphere on the cloud, with an open schedule and an unknown end. This is a journey that becomes fate, "explained Barros.
Passing Cloud. Photo: Tiago Barros Studio Section Water: (While) Single Underwater Car
It is no secret that many developers were inspired by ideas about creating things of the future, looking at some film. Car SQUBA - One of these examples. The developer saw in the film about James Bond 1970 "Spy, who loved me" car drove into the water and created the same. However, while SQUBA can dive to a depth of up to 10 meters, and passengers will have to put onqualang.
SQUBA. Photo: Rinspeed. Ilon Mask, which is subject to all
What films watched Ilon Mask in childhood, it remains only to guess. At the same time, the ideas that offers to make a mask cannot not affect, what is the launch of a personal car Tesla in the orbit of the sun with a mannequin in a scaffler to the music of Bon Jovi?
Tesla Motors has already shown the car that drove around the city without the help of the driver. Still companies mask developed electric trucks Tesla semi.
Photo: Tesla However, this mask does not stop. He has an idea about creating a fifth type of transport - capsules that rides in a tunnel without air or Hyperloop.. It is assumed that high-speed train It will be able to overcome in the underground tunnels a distance of about 300 km in 29 minutes (now it is possible to drive around the car for 3.5-5 hours).
Mask also presented the concept underground Electrobe. The car should ride in tunnels at a speed of 241 km / h, while it will automatically switch between tunnels and elevators.
Another big idea of \u200b\u200ba mask: The flights between two points on the ground, which will take less than an hour. According to this concept, people will fly on return Rockets and Spaceships. Such a satisfaction costs, according to the calculations of the mask, no more than the tariff of the economy-class A plane.
An enterprising businessman dreams of changing ways to move not only on Earth, but also between the planets. To do this, he is developing a rocket that can deliver people to Mars to colonize it.
The problem of traffic jams in large cities can be solved with the most promising developments in public transport. We are talking about one such now, because the first felling bus just recently went on the road.
Today on Earth it will be very difficult to find the city and even more so the megapolis who would have experienced problems with transport traffic. The thick of the city is inherent, and the older it is, the more problems with the traffic flows on the roads. No one loves congestion and traffic jams, but much more important is that they cause impressive economic harm, both separate people and the settlement as a whole. Fortunately in the XXI century, thanks to the creative potential of hundreds of engineers and designers, as well as new technologiesThere was an opportunity to solve this problem.
The novelty received the name Transit Elevated Bus or abbreviated by TEB-1. Designed and created, this "bus" was Chinese masters. main feature Novelties lies in its unusual design. The secret is that while TEB-1 will go along the route, other cars will be able to drive under it. At the moment, the TEB-1 has only the main module-tractor, however, it is assumed that in the future cars will be added to it.
The length of one module is 22 meters, the height of the opening for cars is almost 5 meters, and the width of transport is 8 meters. One such train takes two car strips. One module in turn is able to take up to 300 passengers on the boron at a time. Thus, the TEB-1 is not only transport, ignoring problems with traffic, but also a very roomy vehicle. The speed of movement is 60 km / h. Pouring TEB will be from the municipal network.
Most recently, the first TEB-1 was launched in China. It is expected that every year the number of these giants buses will grow. In the future, they will be eaten from solar panels, creators hope.
In continuation of a high-tech theme, a story about how around the world.
Ride quickly and comfortably - eternal dream of any person. Once in a carriage or on airship, now in a car or plane. And tomorrow?
Engineers, designers and amateur inventors do not get tired of inventing new ways of movement. Every day brings news about new developments -, flying taxis, "miracle capsules" and much more. Transport market is developing very dynamically and technologically.
Outside view of the transport trend, we will estimate the latest developments, designate developers and prospects for investment.
Revolution mobility
Nowadays it became possible what they could only dream of fiction writers - gyroscurists, and other futuristic vehicles. The sphere of individual transport is developing very dynamically. As for the public, the progress is less noticeable. Most traditional systems (aircraft, vessel, trains, buses, trams and trolleybuses) continue to work.
However, the revolution in the passenger transportation is not postponed. On the contrary, it just begins. This is evidenced by the shaft of developments and projects, which is becoming more and more every day.
Designers proceed from that public transport of the future should be fast, convenient, affordable, safe and environmentally friendly. Investors and power are added: and cost-effective. Therefore, most start-ups of the industry are preparing to bring unmanned electrical engineering systems or hybrid (using internal combustion engines). The advantages are obvious - silent, minimal emissions of "greenhouse gases", reliability, high efficiency. The design assumes a streamlined body, comfortable seats, transparent walls, as well as equipping Wi-Fi, high-speed Internet and other blessings of civilization.
In the center of special attention - transformation of infrastructure, the development of mobility. In one of the American cities, the authorities help entrepreneurs to equip the roofs of skyscrapers under the site for take-off and landing Aerotexi. Parking and landing stationsdisembarking passengers on, above and underground - about their arrangement thinks still at the stage of concept. A good example was given to the German startup of Volocopter, who developed a project of parking lots for flying taxi in high-altitude houses.
The public transport of the future is increasingly moving under the control of artificial intelligence (AI). The network of sensors and cameras in the passenger compartment and route transmit data to a single center, where they analyzes the dispatcher program. Solutions (regulation of streams and distance of motion, preventing congestion and traffic jams) are accepted without the obligatory participation of a person.
Consider the most realistic and investment attractive projects, depending on the types of transport.
Overhead races
The above-ground public transport of the future involves moving over the Earth, in contact of the supports, rails or moving parts with it. Its main advantage in urban conditions is a large savings in the center.
# 1 garigar Semenova
Public transport of the future Insaat on the basis of a device from the past - gyroscope in 2017 designed a leaving from the USSR, the Turkish inventor Dahir Semenov. An example of such an apparatus serves as a friend from childhood a wip (Yula), which reacts (balanced) to change the angle of orientation of the object on which it is worth. Hercobus projects (bus with flywheel) were embodied in the 1950s in Switzerland, Belgium and Belgian Congo.
However, Semenov borrowed the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Russian engineer Peter Shilovsky, who at the beginning of the twentieth century developed prototypes of rail two-wheeled carts and guides. True, the first they are balancing futuristic capsules that are equipped with powerful gyroscopes. The garbars slide on the monorail on two supports with wheels (height above the ground - several meters). Energy for gyroscopes give solar panels on the roof and backup batteries.
Experts refer to the Semenov project are quite realized, but very expensive (low-cost).
# 2 string
Inventor from Belarus Anatoly Yunitsky came up with a string overhead system of the SKYWAY axle type. Transport modules are driven by steel wire rails in a concrete case, which are stretched between supports (height - from several meters). Instead of machinists - automation. Estimated speed - 100-500 kilometers per hour.
The SkyWay project supports the authorities of Belarus, although official science recognized him "not well-worked out." Yunitsky is experiencing prototypes at the Polygon under Minsk and strongly attracts investor money. However, the Central Bank of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and the Czech Republic recognized the Skyway financial "pyramid".
# 3 Maglev or train on magnetic pillow
The name of Maglev's technology gave the phenomenon of magnetic levitation - rise, movement and control using a magnetic field. The trains move over the monorail or in the channel between magnets built into the above-ground overhead overpass on the supports. Compositions can use 3 types of suspension - electrodynamic (superconducting magnets), electromagnetic and magnetic (permanent magnets). Levitation (Flying without contact with the road) Create repulsion and attracting magnetic poles. Acceleration gives a linear electric motor.
The maximum speed of Maglava is up to 600 kilometers per hour. The train features high efficiency, low noise and low energy intensity. Big "minus" - the huge cost of building and servicing the rut. Because of this, most of the projects implemented (Germany, South Korea, China, Japan, United Kingdom, USSR) were frozen or translated into ordinary speed mode (100-120 kilometers per hour). In commercial operation since 2002 there is only superfast maglevia in Shanghai. The route was built by the German company Siemens, trains - Transrapid. For 3 minutes, the composition accelerates to 430 kilometers per hour.
# 4 Vacuum Hyperloop
The speed of Maglava limits the aerodynamic resistance (friction of air). To avoid it and achieve greater speed, american billionaire Ilon Mask in 2013 offered the idea of \u200b\u200ba vacuum trainHyperloop ("Hyperpetle"). Dear magnetic pillow in it he replaced the cheap air.
It looks like this: passenger capsules are moving in vacuo for aluminum electric rail inside the above-ground steel pipe (pipeline). As in Maglev, the acceleration gives a linear electric motor. Airbag Effect Create a fan that pumps a counter stream under the bottom and compressor for compressed air. The maximum speed of the capsule is 1.1-1.2 thousand kilometers per hour. Project costs - 7.5 billion dollars, payback - 20 years.
The idea of \u200b\u200bHyperloop now embodies 3 groups of companies -Tesla and Spacex, Big and Virgin Hyperloop One, as well as Hyperloop Transportation Technologies Inc. (HTT) with regional partners. In 2017-2018, they presented prototypes or capsules concepts and began the construction of test polygons. Britain, Ukraine, Sweden, Estonia, the Netherlands, Russia and the United Arab Emirates declared their readiness to implement the Hyperloop project on its territory. The first plot of the commercial HTT route promises to run in 2 years, by the beginning of the international exhibition Expo-2020 in Dubai.
Maneuvers on Earth
For those who do not like to break away from the ground, engineers design the terrestrial public transport of the future. In the trend - experiments with engines and fuel, fighting emissions of greenhouse gases.
# 1 High Speed \u200b\u200bRailways
In some countries (about 25) since the 1960-1980s there are high-speed railway lines. The first, Tokaido-Sinkansen company Japan Railways (Japan) has become the most loaded line in the world (375 thousand passengers per day). It is electrified, has a European kola. After modernization, the speed of trains increased from 210 to 285 kilometers per hour, on other Sinkansen-highways - up to 320. In 2020, it is planned to be brought to 360.
The most dynamically develops China technology. The enhanced construction of such lines supports and finances the government. Total length high-speed railways In the Middle Kingdom exceeds their total length in other countries - 22 thousand kilometers. Since 2011, trains are run, which are considered the most quick in this class. For example, G10 Fuxing, which since September 2017 began to walk on the Beijing-Shanghai route, develops a speed of 350 kilometers per hour.
#2 Trains on hydrogen fuel Coradia ILINT
At the end of the summer of 2018, the French company Launches in Germany the world's first long-distance passenger trains on the Coradia Ilint hydrogen fuel. Developers received 8 million euros within the framework of the state program.
The German government decided to abandon diesel and electric trains in favor of hydrogen due to their ecology. When burning fuel in the latter, "greenhouse gases" is not formed. One charge of hydrogen grabs 800 kilometers.
# 3 Electrical Platforms and ModulesMobi from Airspacex.
Public transport of the future Mobi - invention of the American company Airspacex. By the end of 2018, the startup plans to assemble the prototype of the ground electric platform. Passenger and cargo modules will be attached to it. Driver must manage the platform.
The MOBI system will also include an air electric platform with modules for goods and passengers. It will be able to fly about 2 hours at speeds up to 290 kilometers per hour.
# 4 Electricals
Electrics (electrical buses) - in essence, the electric vehicles, which are used as public transport of the future. The power source is the batteries of high capacity. At the beginning of the XX century, the British company London Electrobus Co. Used for the transportation of passengers in London the first 20 electrics, which collected from the French components.
In the 2010, with the beginning of the "electric vehicle revolution", developers and investors again drew attention to electrical buses. With its models, a variety of manufacturers - "Electrontrans" (Germany-Ukraine), "Belkommunmash" (Belarus), Metro Shuttle (United Kingdom), Zhengzhou Yutong Group (China), GAZ Group (Russia) and others. The leader is considered to be Procterra (USA). In September 2017, its Catalyst E2 Max electrician went to the record - over 74 hours overcame on one charge of 1772 kilometers.
In June 2018, the Russian PJSC "KAMAZ" presented a prototype of the unmanned electrical tental shuttle with a 5G-modem. His route will lay computer program. The passenger enters only the destination in a special application. Telemetric information from the sensors comes through 5G Internet to the KAMAZ server. The production of shuttle will be launched in 2021-2022.
# 5 Multimodal devicesFord.
Multimodality (transportation by two and more modes) is considered to be mainstream in the development of vehicles. But while others create united services, the American Ford automaker integrates the device from the future to the device from the past.
The authors of the project built an electric motorcycle into the usual double car between the seats. If desired, the technique can be refused and use separately. This will provide a comfortable transition to electric cars by 2030. Development has strengthened investor confidence in Ford.
In the tour - on the spacecraft
Transfer to the Earth's orbit at the present spacecraft - even this dream promise and seem to be able to embody 3 companies.
#1 Big Falcon Rocket (BFR) from Spacex
Ilon Mask offered to use for intercontinental flights ... spaceshipwhich builds his company Spacex. Businessman assures: BFR string will make a subborital flight along the ballistic trajectory and delivers passengers to any point of the planet for an hour. The journey at the space speed will cost several thousand dollars.
# 2 New Shepard from Blue Origin
On July 18, 2018, the American Best of the Founder of the E-Commerce Giant of Amazon Jeff Bezness Ninth Tested the Support Ship for Transporting New Shepard Tourists. Testing the rescue system during accidents at high altitude was recognized as successful. In a passenger capsule designed for 6 people (crew and tourists), there was only a mannequin. From the starting site in Texas New Shepard launched a height of 90 kilometers. There, the capsule included an additional engine, rejoiced and rose to 120 (above the border with space). From there, she went down on the parachutes to the ground, where the carrier rocket arrived.
According to the specified Blue Origin scheme, plans to carry tourists from the beginning of 2019. First, if you believe insiders, there will be employees of the company. While each start is estimated at $ 10 million. About the price and start of selling tickets top managers keep silence.
# 3 Virgin Galactic
American billionaire Richard Branson disbabs the idea of \u200b\u200bsubborital tour for 10 years. For the same time, his company Virgin Galactic sells tickets to space (250 thousand dollars aged). Their owners were 700 people. The company collected 1.4 billion dollars (most of the Investors of Saudi Arabia) and built in the state of New Mexico the world's first private spaceport "America".
The US Aircraft Manufacturing Company Scaled Composites built for the project a unique carrier-carrier WHITEKNIGHT2, which was given by the name of Mother Branson Eva. According to the developers, the apparatus will deliver the SpaceShiptwo towers with people (2 pilots and 6 passengers) to a height of 16 kilometers, where it is uncovered and returns back. Tourists with the crew will continue to fly to the border with space and even 5-6 minutes will jeight in weightlessness. All tour with return to the ground will take 2.5 hours. The first of the 5-cosmoles of the company crashed in October 2014, one of the pilots died. Commercial flights want to start at the end of 2018.
To work and home - by air
Most aerotaxy developers are oriented either on VIP clients or on middle-class representatives who want to get from home to work every day without traffic jams and congestion. Among aircraft predominate light aircraft with a vertical rise and helicopters.
# 1 Kitty Hawk
American startup Kitty Hawk is a recognized leader in the industry. His founder, general director and co-founder Larry Page, I decided to embody the dream of many - moving around the air every day. The company was headed by one of the founders of the secret division of Google Sebastian Trun.
Over the past 3 years, the startup team managed to develop prototypes of electric unmanned Aerotex Cora and the piloted aerobral Flyer, as well as to collect $ 6.5 million investment. Novelties are strongly tested in New Zealand. The authorities of the Kiwi Country supported the idea of \u200b\u200bexpanding the network of eco-friendly aerotexi.
The success of Kitty Hawk did not escape from the dressed glance of US military officials. In 2017, the Pentagon became a secret investor of the company. To her and another American startup-developer of Aerotexi Joby Aviation, it was possible to attract a total of almost $ 2 million.
# 2 Uber.
The US company Uber is working on the Aerotexi project since 2016. The development involves both its engineers and specialists of the flagship of aircraft - Bell Helicopter, Karemaircraft, Aurora Flight Sciences, Mooney International, Embraer and Pipistrel. Tests of the apparatus on which soon the choice should be stopped, start in 2020, use - in 2023. In testing and implementing Aerotexi Uber will help NASA.
# 3 Lilium Jet
Startup from Germany Lilium Jet designed the most high-speed model of electrical aircline. For this some call it "flying Ferrari". The 5-seater LILIUM device (Lily) flies at a speed of up to 300 kilometers per hour. To give him a luxurious view, start-ups attracted Frank Stephenson's famous autodizainer. Chinese Internet giant Tencent has invested $ 90 million in Lilium Jet.
# 4 Bell Helicopter
Canada became the second after New Zealand by the state in the world, which officially supported the projects of transport transport. The federal government will allocate $ 49.5 million to the development of urban unmanned aerotaxy and helicopters of the new generation.
The money will receive an international consortium from 19 participants (aviation producers, colleges and universities) led by the Canadian "daughter" of the American company Bell Helicopter. It will be the main contractor and investor (investment - 125 million dollars). In January 2018, Bell Helicopter presented the project of the Aerotexi Salon Urban Air Taxi.
# 5 workhorse
In May 2018, the American WORKHORSE electric vehicle manufacturer successfully experienced unmanned hybrid aeriality surefly. Power point Drone consists of a gasoline electric generator and reserve rechargeable battery. The passenger must dial only the destination on the keyboard. The route paves the computer. The main stop developers did on safety. By 2020, Surefly want to run into production.
# 6 TRANSCEND AIR
The American company Transcend AIR has developed a concept of long-distance aerotexi for businessmen and other VIP travelers. The development of a 6-seater electrophover VY 400 wants to finish by 2024. It will run between business centers of megacities at speeds up to 652 kilometers per hour.
The maximum flight range will exceed 724 kilometers. For example, the distance between Montreal and Toronto VY 400 will cover in 60 minutes. The cost of the flight will be 325 dollars. A durable and lightweight apparatus with a carbon fiber body can be vertically taken away and sit down. Aerotexi tools with autopilot, sensors and system automatic control engines.
In the tunnels underground. THE BORING COMPANY.
Ilona Mask The Boring Company implements the project of the underground power LOOP. Startup attracted $ 115.5 million. 90% of the amount contributed ... Mask himself, becoming the first major investor.
At the presentation of the project in May 2018, the founder of The Boring Company said that he received permission from the authorities to drill tunnels in Washington, Chicago and Los Angeles. AT the last company Cooperates with the city metro. In the city of Angelov, she plans to build a network of tunnels with thousands of tiny stations, where passengers will deliver elevators.
Underground electrical workers will be able to move faster than in the subway - at a speed of 240 kilometers per hour. Voyage from the city center to the airport will take only 8 minutes. The cost of the trip will be 1 dollar. To reduce costs, Mask will launch heavy-duty bricks from tunnel waste.
"Flowing" above the water. Sea bubbles.
The role of water taxis in many cities are performed by conventional boats and boats. Their use brings little profits and fraught with pollution ambient. A breakthrough in this industry made a French startup Sea Bubbles. In May 2018, he presented a boat eco-friendly hybrid and electric vehicle. The 5-seater aircraft in the airbag is raised by half a meter and "flies" over the water. The battery charge is enough for 3 hours.
Presentation At the International Forum of Innovation Viva Technology-2018 in Paris caused interest among investors and private companies that have joined all 20 pieces from the first batch. By 2050, start-ups hope to form a network of water electricity in 50 major cities in the world.
Investments in speed
To keep track of all the new items that go to the market is not easy. But even a superficial analysis of what is presented as public transport of the future, shows: not everyone in the theory "beautiful" projects can be implemented in the foreseeable future. Profitability and commercial success of some causes reasonable doubts. For potential investors, this may mean - it is better not to dwell on something very tempting and "ultra-speed", but to use all the possibilities for investing funds. Consider only those that lie on the surface.
# 1 startups and technology
For some companies, public transport of the future has become a major business. Their circle is not limited to the already listed. At the same time, the risk for investment increases at times, if the company is new and is not related to more experienced industry players.
# 2 new types of fuel
The transition to renewable species of fuel awakens interest in biofuels. There are already prototypes of aircraft that fly without kerosene. For example, the Qantas airline liner overcame the distance between the United States and Australia on biofuel from a special variety of mustard.
# 3 photocells
Almost all prototypes developers are trying to equip sunny batteries. They allow you to recharge the battery and not only. Shares of manufacturers of photocells will not definitely fall.
# 4 3D printers
Some airiagents are already typing spare parts for aircraft on a 3D printer. So faster. Invest in this "Miracle of Technology". Do not lose.
# 5 metals
As before, the transport market absorbs a lot of metals: iron, aluminum and even lithium (for batteries). Prices for them will grow. Watch for quotes.
Summary. Beautiful concepts of concepts hide "damp" designs and solutions. Alas, so now you can characterize the state of the industry. Public transport of the future is more focused on attracting funds and "promotion" of developers. Only units offer realistic and promising projects. But even good business ideas often remain unclaimed or frozen in the middle of the road.
That is why serious investors are now investing in several companies. Redistribution of funds gives a guarantee of losses. Profit promote the development in the unmanned electric office sector, Aerotexi and high-speed trains. The big risk of string projects and garbagers.
If you entails the prospect not to simply invest in the public transport of the future, but also enter the story, try. Maybe you will push the progress and first ride on something that will be faster than wind ...
Prepared Stanislav Klopot
A miracle did not happen, as at the beginning of the Third Millennium, when we, according to Ray Bradbury, should colonize Mars. Often talk about the prophecies of science fiction, but no need to forget about unsuccessful forecasts - catastrophically beautiful, but still failures.
Where are flying cars?
There is a technique under such a name, but in fact it is only a hybrid car with an airplane. And, though last samples look futuristic They are very and very costly and little similar to antigravitational transport in the "Fifth Element". Further from him other developments similar to the device with a helicopter , or at all equipped with parachute and rear propeller . Rather, another fiction comes to mind, Carlson, who lives on the roof. Charming, but innovation here and does not smell.
In films and computer games, another version of individual transport is flashed - a jet kettle. It, for example, was shown in "Star Wars" and "Robocope". But here, it did not reach the mass consumption, and it is unlikely that it comes soon - fuel enough for half a minute flight, and these volumes are in a round sum.
We ourselves, apparently, are already so much waiting for the miracles that they rejoice even such a creation of Chinese innovative genius as a "portal bus". But he is real, like Monorails in Moscow or japanese train, developing speed up to 603 km / h.
And yet, for human imagination, the border is unacceptable. Scientific fiction of the past, and just fantasies of our ancestors on the topic of the future found a special charm and a new name - "Retrofuturism". Romantic, enthusiastic love of technology and the desire to anticipate future discoveries - it can go today and inspire.
Rebuilt the wheel
Even before the car wanted to "raise into the air," ideas arose to improve it. And in the most important thing - to invent the wheel in a new way! The Japanese magazine in 1936 presented the concept of a car with balls instead of ordinary tires: according to the authors, this idea would have provided a shift move. Not such a meaningless idea, according to even modern engineers. In 2016, such a development introduced the American company GoodYear , the largest producer tires
Gigantomania gave birth to another imaginary miracle of technology - a ship on huge wheels, which was to have the thought of the inventor, to fight the sands of the Sahara and solve the problem with transport in the region. The fight against samuamas and other disasters of the desert, including the heat, was provided for by the design, and the engineer promised "the trip that will turn into pleasant journey For those places where thousands of generations fought in vain with the spontaneous forces and gibbles in an unequal struggle. " So this was written by the magazine "Around the World" in 1927. It is not known how successful the idea was - before the incarnation, the case did not even come. Although it can be assumed that the promised air conditioning of such a car, and also to overcome the sands of the gear wheels would be a lot of resources.
For public use, however, was offered just compact models. In 1947, Engineer Edward Vereiken from Brussels patented Dicycles - a self-propelled stroller, consisting of two huge wheels and an open cabin in the middle. The inventor himself argued that transport could accelerate up to 185 km / h - but it hardly believed in it. And the safety of passengers remains in question. Only in the Swedish analogue of 1999 for the authorship of Jonas Bjerkholtz, all the problems of the design were taken into account. But use it now Only for entertainment public.
The trains were another favorite theme of engineers and dreamers. Many hopes pinned on Monoraments, although they were pretty unusual - for example, so or so. But the usual trains have seen much more perfect in the future - comfortable, spacious, and even overlooking the stars.
"Ship Desert" according to the 1927 version.
Every person - by helicopter!
Where the fantasy unfolded at full - so this is flying transport. The imagination of our ancestors gave rise to a plate view of airplanes, and airplanes with wings at the bottom and turbo engines in the nose, and even submarine aircraft. All do not mention - you can independently see the gallery on Reddit or collections by keywords on Pinterest.
But that particularly touches in all these projects, this is faith in the public accessibility of the future. The man just conquered the air, and the American magazines write: "Helicopters for Everybody!" ("Helicopters in each house!"). And among all these cuts from the press of almost century ago, you can see the drawings of personal aircraft. Then the truth was waiting for the future only aspiration, and scientific progress, and the quality of life of everyone.
Does it believe now in this when you stand in a peak hour in a traffic jam? Or when you shake on the upper shelf of a second-class car? Pressing the smartphone in the hand, the computing power of which, as is known above the NASA equipment in 1969?
The XXI century has not yet taken place - certainly did not take place as he was waiting for fans of technical progress. But the future, as it turned out, is unpredictable. Slow pace, but it comes - we suggest familiarizing with the futuristic transport of the present.
Today's future
Segwe has become one of the most fashionable types of personal transport recently, a technological competitor for bicycles and scooters. What is his futuristic? You will have to "steer" only with your body: a gyroscope and other sensors in its device react to a tilt. And only to rotate will be handled or a special column. Fully intuitive is the management of a gyroscur and a monocycle - I must say, it is these varieties today and popular.
In Naberezhnye Chelny and Moscow, even the police use segway. Many cities appeared rental points, where it is possible to become the owner of a two-wheeled "self-propelled carriage" or a monocycle. On the market, the monocycle can cost up to half a million rubles, but for 20-30 thousand it is quite realistic to buy a single kilometers withstanding without recharging.
Another representative of modern electric transport is an electric vehicle. Being invented even earlier usual cars working on fuel, it still remains a symbol of the future. There are a lot of reasons for a lot: and saving resources, and environmental friendliness, and independence from the oil market conjuncture. Take a ride on the electric car today is the easiest, especially for residents of Moscow and St. Petersburg: it is enough to contact a taxi service, in which there are such models in the fleet. In Yandex.Taxi, for example, not so long ago appeared one of the most advanced electrocars, Tesla Model S. The capabilities of his impressive: literally in a few seconds it is able to accelerate to 100 km / h, while the move is almost silent.
The most innovative transport that is known to the Russians is, of course, Moscow Monorail, "The Thirteenth Metro Branch". He began to fully function in 2008, but even now, not all residents of the regions heard about him. As if conceded from the same retrofuturistic cuts from magazines, but adapted to the realities, monorails - the loves of the public. Amazing the imagination and location of the road is an overpass, that is, the train path completely passes over Moscow. The route passes from Timiryazevskaya station to Sergey Eisenstein Street. True, recently there are talk about dismantling the path, although the last word remains to make a "tourist object" from it. With the payback, as it turned out, this experimental road has serious problems.
So, overcoming the difficulties of the modern device of the world, the future is still slowly approaching. Will we be waiting for us in the coming decades of levitating cars to everyone and a booth for teleportation in every yard? Hardly. Will the future transport look like that we can imagine? Also hardly. And not so bad.
