TO Category:
Work on the tractor
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Tractor traffic rules
General information
A tractor is not much different from a car in its technical and economic indicators. A tractor, like a car, is driven on public roads. Therefore, the tractor driver must know and unswervingly follow the "Rules of the road".
The first section of the "Rules of the road" clearly defines the terminology. Let's take some concepts as an example.
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Driver - a person who drives a vehicle.
Advantage - the right to priority movement in the intended direction in relation to other road users.
Yield (do not interfere) is a requirement that means that a road user must not resume or continue to move, carry out any maneuver if this can force another road user to change direction or speed.
Stopping is a deliberate stopping of the movement of a vehicle for a period of up to 5 minutes, as well as for more, if it is necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers or for unloading or loading a vehicle.
Parking - stopping the movement of a vehicle for more than 5 minutes, if it is not connected with the embarkation or disembarkation of passengers or with the unloading or loading of the vehicle.
Forced stop - the termination of the movement of a vehicle due to its technical malfunction or the danger created by the transported cargo, the condition of the driver.
Overtaking - being ahead of one or more vehicles associated with entering the lane (side of the carriageway) of the oncoming traffic and then returning to the previously occupied lane (side of the carriageway).
General responsibilities of the driver
Before leaving, the tractor driver is obliged to check the serviceability and completeness of his car, as well as the presence of fuel, oil and coolant. He must have with him a certificate for the right to drive a tractor, a registration document for a tractor, a waybill 4 of the appropriate sample and a document for the cargo being transported.
The waybill and registration document should be presented at the request of inspection engineers of Gosseltechnadzor, police officers, freelance inspectors, military traffic inspectors, vigilantes and railway crossings.
Operation of tractors without a technical coupon is prohibited.
A tractor driver leaving for field, reclamation work on the territory of his collective farm or state farm must have a formalized work outfit with him, which indicates the area of \u200b\u200bwork.
When transporting any goods, the driver is issued a consignment note or a document replacing it.
The tractor driver has no right to transfer control of the tractor to anyone, even to persons who have the right to drive tractors, if their names are not indicated in waybill or work attire.
When the tractor is moving in a column during daylight hours, the dipped headlights must be turned on. If the tractor driver is involved in a road accident, then he must immediately stop his tractor (regardless of whose fault the accident occurred and what are its results), turn on the emergency light signaling, and in its absence, put up an emergency stop sign and do not move the tractor and other objects related to the accident. Further, he is obliged to provide assistance to the victims, inform the nearest police officer about the incident and wait for the arrival of the police or investigative authorities and only after their permission continue to move, and if this is not possible, then take measures to deliver the tractor to the base.
It is absolutely unacceptable to leave the scene of the incident without providing assistance to the victims and without finding out the reasons in the prescribed manner.
Road and road markings
A road is any road, street, lane, etc., used for traffic across its entire width (including sidewalks, oborches and dividing lanes). It consists of three main elements: the roadway, curbs and ditches. For the construction of a country road, a lane is allocated, called a right-of-way.
Carriageway - the part of the road designated for the movement of vehicles. A road can have several carriageways, the boundaries of which are dividing strips. A tramway track is considered to be the boundary of a carriageway intended for the movement of off-road vehicles.
Lane - any longitudinal lane of a triple part, marked or not marked by means of markings and having a width sufficient for driving in one row of motor vehicles.
A road is a complex and very expensive engineering structure, therefore, all road users, and in particular tractor drivers who operate very heavy machines, often with a wide variety of trailers, should be very careful, trying in no way to damage road surfaceas well as shoulders and ditches located along the edges of the road.
Figure: 112. Horizontal road markings:
a, b, c and d - options.
In order to improve the organization of traffic on highways, horizontal and vertical markings are used - lines and inscriptions and other designations applied to the carriageway, curbs and other elements of roads and road structures (bridges, tunnels, etc.).
Marking is performed with paints and thermoplastic materials white, except for three yellow lines: 1.4; 1.10; 1.17.
Horizontal markings are performed with various lines, indicated in the standard by numbers from 1.1 to 1.23 (where 1 is a horizontal marking, and the second number after a dot means the ordinal number of the marking in the group).
Among the used marking lines, consider the following.
A narrow solid line 1.1 (Fig. 112, a) separates traffic flows in opposite directions, marks the boundaries of traffic lanes in dangerous places on roads, etc.
This line is prohibited to cross, unless line 1.1 marks the edge of the carriageway.
Narrow broken line 1.5 serves to separate traffic flows, crossing such a line is allowed from any side.
The narrow dashed line 1.6 indicates an approach to the solid line 1.1. It is allowed to cross this line from both sides.
Two parallel narrow lines, of which one is solid, the other is discontinuous 1.11 (Fig. 112.6), serve to separate traffic flows in opposite directions and designate lanes in the same direction. It is allowed to cross these lines only from the side of the broken line.
Double solid line 1.3 (Fig. 112, c) separates traffic flows in opposite directions with four lanes or multi-lane traffic in both directions; crossing the markings is prohibited.
A narrow yellow line 1.4 indicates that a stop is prohibited at this point.
The transverse solid line 1.12 (Fig. 112, d) indicates the place where vehicles stop - the stop line in front of the intersection.
Directional arrows 1,18 show the direction of movement in the lanes.
Vertical markings indicate the surfaces of road structures: bridge supports, the lower edge of the superstructure of bridges and overpasses, round bollards, signal posts, side surfaces of road fences on small radius curves, side surfaces of road fences in other sections, etc.
Vertical markings are applied in black and white stripes. Many markings on road sections without artificial lighting are supplemented with reflective materials and reflectors.
There are cases when the meaning of the marking lines contradicts those established in this place road signs... In this case, the tractor driver must follow the directions of the road sign.
Road signs
Road signs are the most common and sufficient effective means organization of movement.
All road signs are divided into seven groups: warning; priority; prohibiting; prescriptive; informational and indicative; service; additional information (plates). All signs are assigned a corresponding number. It consists of the group number, the serial number of the character in the group, the serial number of the variety (if any), separated by dots.
Each group of signs differs in shape, color, size and designation.
For the visibility of signs in the dark, use internal lighting, as well as reflective and luminescent devices.
The tractor driver must know the meaning of all road signs. Below is given short description each group of signs that are most important for tractor drivers from the point of view of traffic safety.
Warning signs are designed to alert drivers of dangerous places on the road.
This group includes 43 signs of a predominantly triangular shape with a red border and a yellow or white field on which the symbol of the sign is depicted in black.
Warning signs are installed in front of dangerous sections of the road, outside settlements for 150 ... 300 m, and in settlements - for 50 ... 100 m. A number of signs outside settlements, such as 1.1; 1.2; 1.9; 1.10; 1.21 and 1.23 are repeated. The second sign is placed at a distance of at least 50 m from the beginning of the dangerous section.
In some cases, the signs can be located at other distances from the dangerous section of the road, then this distance is indicated on a plate fixed under the sign.
Consider what should be the order of actions of the tractor driver when meeting with some warning signs in order to ensure traffic safety.
Figure: 113. Use of warning signs: a, b. c and d - options.
1.6. "Intersection of equivalent roads" (Fig. 113, a). This sign warns the driver that there is an intersection with an equivalent road ahead.
Approaching such an intersection, the tractor driver must reduce the speed of movement, be ready to immediately stop his tractor in the event that traffic through the intersection is difficult for any reason, let the vehicles approaching on the right (clause 15.2 of the "Road Traffic Regulations"), and only then go through the intersection in the desired direction.
1.13. "Close descent" (Fig. 113, b) - the sign informs the driver that there is a slope ahead, the value of which is indicated on the sign in percentage, for example 10%.
On steep descent it is much more difficult to stop the tractor than on a horizontal section of the track, since the effect of the tractor's gravity increases it braking distances... On the slope of the road, in front of which there is a sign 1.13, where the oncoming passing is difficult, the driver of a tractor moving downhill (on a downhill) must give way to a vehicle moving uphill.
On the descent, the tractor driver is obliged to drive his tractor in a low gear with a reduced fuel supply and, as precisely as possible, on the right side of the carriageway.
1.14. "Steep climb" (Fig. 113, b) - the sign warns the tractor driver that he must hold his tractor on the rise, as a rule, without stopping, for which at the beginning of the rise he should select one of the lower gears, which would provide performing such a movement. And in case of a stop, the tractor driver must hold the tractor in this position with the brakes, without rolling back.
1.2. “Railway crossing without a barrier” (Fig. 113, c). Railroad crossings are especially dangerous because they can collide with trains. For more reliable warning of vehicle drivers outside settlements, sign 1.2 is duplicated, i.e. set Two signs. In addition, in addition to them, signs 1.4.3 and 1.4.1 are placed under signs 1.2 and in the middle between them sign 1.4.2.
1.18.1 "Narrowing the road". This sign warns transport drivers that the carriageway ahead is narrowed (exit to the bridge, road repairs, etc.). On such a section of the road, the tractor driver must be especially careful, reduce the speed of movement and correctly pass the narrowed place.
1.19. "Two-way traffic" (Fig. 113, d) - the sign shows a section of the road (carriageway) with oncoming traffic, which was preceded by a section of the road (carriageway) with one-way traffic.
The tractor driver must slow down significantly and keep his tractor closer to the edge of the road to clear the way for oncoming traffic.
Priority signs are used to prioritize crossing intersections or narrow road sections where simultaneous movement in both directions is impossible. This group includes nine characters with different shape and coloring.
Figure: 114. The use of priority signs: a, b, c and d - options.
Priority signs place: 2.1 and 2.2 respectively at the beginning and end of the main road. Sign 2.1 may be repeated in front of intersections. Signs 2.3.1 ... 2.3.3 are installed outside settlements at a distance of 150 ... 300 m, and in settlements - 50 ... 100 m from intersections. Signs 2.4 and 2.5 - immediately before the intersection, and 2.6 and 2.7 - in front of a narrow section of the road.
Consider the necessary actions of the tractor driver when meeting with some priority signs.
2.1. "The main road". This sign informs the driver that he is entering the main road in relation to everyone crossing it. Driving from the place of installation of the sign along this section, drivers have a preferential right of passage at all intersections in relation to any vehicle leaving the side road.
Sign 2.1 can be repeated in front of intersections to confirm the priority right of way. In places where the main road changes its direction, sign 2.1 is supplemented with a plate, for example, as shown in Figure 114, a.
Thus, in the situation shown in this figure, the tractor must pass first, and then the passenger car.
2.3.1. "Intersection with a secondary road" - the sign warns the driver that the road on which he is driving is the main one and at this intersection he enjoys the priority right of movement. However, when approaching such an intersection (Fig. 114, b), the tractor driver, although he has the right of priority passage, must at the same time be very careful so that if circumstances arise that impede the passage of the intersection, the tractor can be stopped immediately. In this situation, the tractor is driven first and the bus is the second.
2.4. "Give way" - the sign obliges the drivers of vehicles entering or crossing the main road, first to let vehicles moving along main road... So, in Figure 114, a and b, a passenger car and a bus can leave the intersection only after the tractors have passed.
2.5. "Driving without stopping is prohibited" - the sign obliges drivers to stop at the place where it is installed (even if nothing interferes with traffic), let the vehicles that interfere with further traffic pass, and only then continue driving.
Thus, in the situation shown in Figure 114, c, the car passes first, the tractor stands, and only after the car has passed it starts its movement.
2.6. "Advantage of oncoming traffic". Driving up to such a sign, the driver is obliged to pass oncoming traffic and only after that start his movement. So, the driver of a car (Fig. 114, d) is obliged to skip the tractor, and then go further.
2.7. "Advantage over oncoming traffic m." This sign gives priority to vehicles passing bottleneck roads, in front of oncoming cars. Knowing this, the tractor driver (Fig. 114, d) is the first to pass the bottleneck.
Prohibitory signs prohibit certain actions from the driver. They all have the shape of a circle, bordered by a red stripe, except for signs 3.21, 3.23, 3.25 and 3.31. The background of the signs is yellow or white, and for signs 3.27, 3.28, 3.29 and 3.30 - blue. The group has 33 characters.
Prohibitory signs are installed directly in front of road sections on which restrictions are introduced or canceled.
The action of signs 3.18.1 and 3.18.2 applies to the intersection of carriageways in front of which they are located, and signs 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26 ... 3.30 - from the place of installation of the sign to the nearest intersection with a sign, and in settlements in the absence crossroads - to the end of the settlement.
Signs 3.10, 3.27… 3.30 are valid only on the side of the road on which they are located.
Let's consider some examples of the action of prohibitory signs shown in Figure 115.
3.1. "No entry" - the sign prohibits the entry of all vehicles into the road section, including the tractor shown in Figure 115, a. The object located behind the sign can be approached from side passages or from the opposite side.
Figure: 116. Examples of the action of prescriptive signs:
a, b, c and d - options.
4.3. "Circular motion" (Fig. 116, d). Driving is allowed only in the direction indicated by the arrows.
Information and direction signs introduce a certain mode of movement, inform about the peculiarities of the traffic situation and the location of various objects along the route.
This group includes 64 rectangular characters. They are installed on highways (they have a green background), on any other road outside settlements - blue, and on the streets of settlements - white.
Service signs inform about the location of various objects on the highway or in the immediate vicinity of it.
There are twelve characters in the service group. They are made in the form of rectangles. of blue color, in the middle of which symbols are depicted in black paint explaining their purpose. The exception is signs indicating medical institutions, which are marked with a red cross.
Service signs are placed directly at the objects they designate or in advance with an indication of the distance to the object at the bottom of the sign.
Signs can also be found at turns to objects. In this case, the direction is indicated by the arrow below.
Signs of additional information (plates) serve to clarify or limit the effect of signs of other groups, that is, they are not used independently, but only in combination with other signs.
Figure: 117. The use of additional information signs (plates):
a, b, c and d - options.
Plates are located directly under the signs. Exceptions are plates 7.2.2 ... 7.2.4 (zone of the sign) when they are used with a sign prohibiting stopping or parking. In this case, if the sign is placed over carriageway or hung on a cantilever support, the plate must be placed on the side so that the sign itself is closer to the middle of the carriageway.
All plates have a white field with black or red symbols.
Figure 117 shows examples of the use of additional information signs.
7.1.1. "Distance to the object" (Fig. 117, a). The sign indicates that sign 1.6 is installed 200 m from the crossroads.
7.2.2. "Zone of action". As shown in Figure 117.6, parking is allowed within 10 m from the place where the sign is installed.
7.3.2. "Direction of action" (Fig. 117, c). The plate shows that the action of sign 3.2 applies to the left street adjacent to the road on which the sign is installed.
7.5.5. "Action time" (Fig. 117, d). In this case, it can be seen that the 3.27 sign is valid only on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays from 8.00 to 17.30, and the rest of the time it is terminated.
Traffic control signals
Traffic is regulated by traffic signals, hand gestures or the position of the controller's body.
Traffic signals. The main type of traffic light used to regulate the traffic sequence at intersections is a three-section one with red at the top, yellow in the middle and green at the bottom.
Green round signal permits movement.
A green signal in the form of an arrow (s) on a black background permits movement in the indicated directions. This signal has the same meaning in additional sections.
A yellow signal prohibits movement and warns of an impending change of signals.
A yellow flashing signal or two yellow flashing alternately allow traffic and inform about the presence of an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing.
A red signal, including a flashing one, or two alternately flashing red signals prohibit movement.
Red and yellow signals, turned on at the same time, prohibit movement and inform about the upcoming inclusion of the green signal.
If traffic light signals are made in the form of a silhouette of a person, then their effect applies only to pedestrians.
Regulator signals. The traffic controller regulates traffic with hand gestures and the position of his body, which may be as follows.
The traffic controller raised his hand up (Fig. 118, b) - the movement of vehicles and pedestrians in all directions is prohibited. Drivers who were unable to stop their vehicles can continue further movement through the intersection.
The traffic controller, standing at the intersection, stretched out his right hand forward (Fig. 118, c). Driving from the back and right side of all vehicles is prohibited.
From the side of the chest, it is allowed to turn to the right, from the side of the left side, movement in all directions is allowed.
The traffic controller standing on the road stretched out his right hand forward (Fig. 118, d) - the tractor driver and truck driver, who are on the side of the outstretched arm, are prohibited from moving. Drivers of a tractor and a car moving towards them can continue to move without stopping.
If the signals of the traffic controller contradict traffic signals, road signs and street markings, then drivers are obliged to follow the signals of the traffic controller.
The order of movement of tractors on roads
Wheeled agricultural tractors on multi-lane roads must move in the far right lane. Traffic tracked tractors on paved roads is prohibited.
Warning signals. Before starting a movement, stopping, changing lanes or before turning the tractor, the tractor driver must give a signal in advance of the maneuver so that other traffic participants in the immediate vicinity can take appropriate measures.
Signals can be given by light indications, and if they are not there or they are faulty, then by hand.
Before braking (Fig. 119, a) - raise your hand or, when braking starts, automatically turn on the braking signal.
Before turning to the left (Fig. 119, b) - stretch out to the side the right hand, bent up at the elbow, or turn on the flashing signal of the left turn.
Before turning to the right (Fig. 119, c) - extend your right hand to the right or turn on the flashing right turn signal.
An additional warning signal when overtaking or warning a scattered pedestrian may be sound signals. It must be remembered that the feed sound signals in settlements is prohibited.
Turns and U-turns. Before turning to the right, you need to take the rightmost lane in advance, and to the left - the leftmost lane on the carriageway.
Turning to the left (or turning around), the tractor driver must pass all oncoming traffic and passing tram and only after the road is clear, make a turn.
It should be borne in mind that U-turns are prohibited at marked crossings, railway crossings, bridges, tunnels and on road sections outside settlements with limited visibility (less than 100 m in each direction), closer than 15 m from intersections and at unregulated intersections, if at the intersection one-way traffic is organized on the road.
Stopping and parking are prohibited: on the left side of the road, except for roads in settlements with one-way traffic, if there is a sidewalk on the left side and roads with one lane in each direction that do not have tram tracks in the middle of the road; at level crossings, in tunnels and under overpasses, bridges or overpasses; in places where the distance between the solid marking line and the stopped vehicle is less than 3 m; at pedestrian crossings and closer than 5 m in front of them; at intersections and closer than 5 m from the edge of the intersected carriageways, with the exception of the side opposite the side passage at three-way intersections that have a solid line of markings in places where the vehicle will block traffic signals or road signs from other drivers.
Parking is prohibited where stopping is prohibited, as well as closer than 100 m from railway crossings, outside settlements in places with visibility less than 100 m in each direction, in places where a stopped tractor creates an obstacle to the movement of other vehicles or pedestrians.
In case of a forced stop in places where stopping and parking are prohibited, or in those conditions when a stopped vehicle cannot be noticed by other drivers in a timely manner, the tractor driver is obliged to put up an emergency stop sign at a distance of 25 ... 30 m behind the tractor (Fig. 120).
Figure: 119. Driver signals:
a - stop braking; b - turn to the left; в - turn to the right.
Figure: 120. Forced stop of the tractor.
Figure: 121. Special cases of traffic: a - oncoming traffic on the slope of the road; 6 oncoming traffic when avoiding obstacles.
Special traffic conditions. Let's consider some cases.
On mountain roads, where the oncoming passing is difficult, the driver of a truck (Fig. 121, a) moving downhill must give way to a tractor moving uphill. This should be done by all road users in such cases.
When driving around an obstacle, the transport moving on the free side has the right to move first. So, the tractor driver (Fig. 121, b) must let the bus moving on the free side pass, and only then go through.
The movement of tractors with trailers and connected to them machines and-o ruds, as well as self-propelled harvesters on the road. When these cars move on roads on which other vehicles cannot be overtaken, drivers of tractors or combines must push their cars as close as possible to the right side of the road, and if it is not possible to overtake, then pull over, stop, let those detained by them cars and only then continue driving.
The movement of tractors and self-propelled vehicles on highways in a column. When driving on highways outside settlements, vehicles that cannot reach speeds of more than 50 km / h, as well as vehicles with a total mass of more than 12 tons, must maintain such a distance between themselves that overtaking vehicles can change to the right without interference. side of the road.
Driving through unregulated intersections
Crossroads - a place of intersection, abutment or branching of roads at one level, bounded by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, opposite origins of the curvature of the carriageway.
An unregulated intersection is one that does not have a traffic controller or traffic light. A yellow flashing light of any type at an intersection does not make it a turn-key.
At such intersections, drivers themselves must determine the sequence of passage, using the following rules.
At the intersection of equivalent roads, tractor and car drivers must give way to vehicles approaching from the right.
When driving on unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle driving on a secondary road must give way to vehicles driving on the main road.
Figure: 122. Schemes of the sequence of passage of unregulated intersections: a, b, c and d - options.
Main road - a paved road in relation to a dirt road or a road marked with signs 2.1, 2.3.1., 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 5.1 in relation to the intersected one. The presence of a paved section on a secondary road immediately before the intersection does not make it equal to the intersected one.
So, for example, in the situation shown in Figure 122, a, the tractor passes first, since it is to the right of the bus. At the same time, the truck driver (Fig. 122, - b), although located to the right of the tractor, but being on a secondary road, gives priority to the tractor driving along the main road.
When driving through a four-way intersection (Fig. 122, c) of equivalent roads, the tractor passes first, as if it has no obstacle on the right, then a truck and the last - a horse-drawn carriage.
When driving through squares and intersections with a designated center (Fig. 122, d), the rule "interference from the right" remains in force. Therefore, a tractor that has no obstacle on the right passes first, then a passenger car leaving the left street, and the last one to go through the intersection is a passenger car that first entered the intersection from the right street.
Traveling at level crossings
A level crossing is any intersection of a road with railroad tracks at the same level.
Level crossings are particularly dangerous places on the roads, and drivers are required to strictly adhere to the rules and precautions when crossing the railway tracks.
Tractor drivers should bear in mind that improper driving through the tracks can cause damage to them or shift the rails, which in turn can lead to an accident.
It is forbidden to cross paths railroad outside crossings, no matter how equipped these intersections are. At crossings with a barrier, drivers are required to accurately and unconditionally follow the instructions of the crossing officer and the traffic light signals.
It is forbidden to unauthorizedly open the barrier or start moving through the crossing when the traffic lights are on.
If there is a traffic jam at the crossing (Fig. 123, a), then it is prohibited to enter if the barrier is open.
Vehicles at a level crossing must stop in one lane. The first car - at a distance of 10 m from the nearest rail (Fig. 123, b), or 5 m before the barrier at a guarded crossing.
To avoid damage to the railway track, contact network or moving equipment must be transported by trailed or mounted machines over level crossings only in transport position and do not enter the crossing with pubescent working bodies (Fig. 123, d), as well as with bulky agricultural machines or loads with a height of more than 4.5 m or a width of more than 5 m. The passage of such machines is possible only with the permission of the head of the railway track roads.
Figure: 123. Crossing railway crossings:
a - traffic jam at the crossing; b-stop near an unguarded crossing; c - the tractor engine stalled at the crossing; d - the movement of a tractor with a seeder through the crossing.
To ensure complete safety on railway crossing closer than 100 m in front of it, overtaking is prohibited, as well as parking.
A special danger arises in the event of a forced stop of the tractor on a level crossing.
If such a stop occurs, the tractor driver is obliged to immediately take all measures to remove the tractor from the level crossing, and send the accompanying person 1000 m away from the level crossing to signal the train stop (Fig. 123, c). The tractor driver himself must remain near the tractor and try to remove it from the crossing. If the engine does not start, then it is necessary to turn on the decompressor and in 1st gear, by turning on the starter or the starting engine, remove the tractor or, using the starting handle manually, try to move it by towing another tractor or car that has approached. At the same time, the tractor driver must give a general alarm signal - one long and three short beeps. When a train appears, you need to run towards it, giving a stop signal: roundabout hands with a flap of bright matter - during the day and a torch or lantern - at night.
Responsibility for misuse of vehicles and for violation of traffic rules
All work on the tractor can be carried out only by order of officials and must be completed with the appropriate documents. It is forbidden to use the tractor unauthorized, especially for selfish purposes, for which the tractor driver is punished.
Unauthorized use of vehicles, machines or mechanisms belonging to enterprises, institutions, organizations for personal gain shall entail the imposition of an administrative penalty in the form of a fine on citizens in the amount of up to one hundred rubles and on officials - up to two hundred rubles, and on drivers of vehicles - in the amount of up to one hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for up to one year with compensation for property damage.
The tractor driver is obliged to strictly comply with all the requirements of the Road Traffic Rules, the violation of which is responsible.
Thus, specific types of violations have been identified for which the driver can be punished accordingly. The most dangerous violations include: exceeding the set speed; disobeying traffic signals; non-observance of the requirements of road signs or road markings; violation of the rules for transporting people, overtaking, maneuvering, crossing intersections and pedestrian crossings, stops public transport; violation of the rules for the use of lighting devices or failure to provide unhindered passage for vehicles enjoying the priority right of passage (vehicles that give special sound or flashing light signals or are accompanied by patrol cars or motorcycles of the State Traffic Inspectorate); transfer of control to persons who do not have the right to drive a vehicle.
For violation of at least one of the listed rules, the driver may receive a warning or be fined from three to ten rubles. For a similar repeated violation during the year, the amount of the fine is increased to 50 rubles.
Those drivers who deliberately and repeatedly violate the Rules are subject to stricter administrative sanctions. Increased responsibility for driving a vehicle while intoxicated. The amount of the fine levied on such violators has been increased to 100 rubles. Evasion of the examination entails a fine of up to one hundred rubles or
deprivation of the driver of the right to drive a vehicle for up to one year.
The responsibility of officials who release vehicles on the line in the presence of technical faults has been strengthened (a fine of up to 50 rubles).
Drivers for driving cars, tractors and other self-propelled vehicles, trams and trolleybuses, as well as motorcycles and other mechanical vehicles in a state of intoxication, as well as for the transfer of driving a vehicle to a person in a state of intoxication, are subject to an administrative penalty in the form of a fine in the amount of one hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle for a period of one to three years. Drivers who have the right to drive several types of vehicles are deprived of the right to drive all types of vehicles for committing these listed violations.
Driving a vehicle by a person in a state of intoxication, committed repeatedly within a year, entails criminal liability and is punishable by imprisonment for up to one year or correctional labor for up to two years, or a fine of three hundred rubles with deprivation of the driver of the right to drive vehicles for term from three to five years.
The same action, committed by a person previously convicted of a crime, entails criminal liability and is punishable by imprisonment for a term of up to three years, with the deprivation of the driver of the right to drive vehicles for a term of up to five years.
In case of unsatisfactory results of checking theoretical knowledge, the exam can be taken again. A week is allotted for quality preparation, and a second attempt is not allowed before its expiration. You are given 3 attempts to confirm your knowledge, after which you will have to repeat the training. The examinees are not allowed to proceed to the practical part before receiving the theory pass. A positive theoretical exam result remains valid for the next 3 months.
- Subcategory A1 is available only to drivers over 16 years of age.
- Subcategory A2 requires 1 year of experience automotive category B and not less than 19 years old.
- Subcategory A3 is issued after 1 year of driving license category C and over 19 years of age.
- Subcategory A4 is available to persons over 22 years of age who have 1 year of driving experience in a vehicle of automotive category D.
- Categories B, C, E, F are available to persons over 17 years old, even those who do not have driving experience.
- Category D is issued to persons over 18 years of age, without driving experience.
Examination tickets for category D tractor license
Examination tickets are used to take theoretical exams on the safe operation of self-propelled vehicles of category "D" - wheeled vehicles with engines of over 77.2 kW. After passing the theoretical exam on the safe operation of self-propelled vehicles, the candidate must also pass the following exams:
The acceptance of exams and the issuance of a tractor driver-driver (tractor driver) certificate is carried out by the state technical supervision authorities. Examination tickets were prepared in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for admission to driving self-propelled vehicles and issuance of certificates of a tractor driver (tractor driver)", approved by the Government Russian Federation dated July 12, 1999 No. 796.
Categories of self-propelled vehicles
- I - these are off-road motor vehicles - snowmobiles and ATVs.
- II - off-road automobile vehicles with a permissible weight of up to 3.5 thousand kg and the number of seated passenger seats no more than eight. This subcategory includes swamp vehicles, side-by-side vehicles and usually with a body.
- III is a special category of off-road vehicles with a permitted mass above 3.5 tonnes. An example of these vehicles is an all-terrain vehicle or a dump truck of the Ural-Polarnik brand.
- IV - off-road vehicles that are designed to carry passengers, and also have more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat. An example here would be the apron airport bus.
- Category A I - from 16 years old;
- Category A II - from 19 years, 12 months of experience in the automotive category B;
- Category A III - from 19 years old, work experience 12 months in category C;
- Category A IV - from 22 years, total experience of 12 months for category D rights;
- Category B, C, E, F - from 17 years old;
- Category D - from 18 years old.
Exam traffic rules 2019 online in Gostekhnadzor: tickets for traffic rules for a tractor, loader, excavator and other self-propelled vehicles
on tickets for safe operation self-propelled machines, operation of machinery and equipment for obtaining a tractor driver's certificate of categories "A1", "A2", "A3","A4", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F" and obtaining the profession of a tractor driver-driver, in the same way as these exams are passed in the inspection of Gostekhnadzor;
Information about the correct answers to ticket questions will be shown on your monitor screen only after the end of the answer to the ticket questions or after the specified time. At the same time, an examination sheet with the numbers of your chosen and correct answers, as well as the time spent on the exam, is displayed on the screen.
Tractor license: which category to choose
- Legal capacity;
- Completed training courses for a specific category;
- Passed internal exams in the educational department;
- Passed exam at Gostekhnadzor;
- A citizen should not have medical pathologies;
- Everyone should be prepared required documents: forms, medical certificate, driver's license, passport, photo, confirming certificates and diplomas, receipts.
- A1 can be obtained by a citizen over 16 years old;
- A2 and A3 category can only be obtained by citizens over 19 years old;
- A4 can be obtained by a person over 23 years old;
- Types of rights B, C, E, F are available for citizens from 17 years old;
- D can only be obtained by an adult.
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Tractor license: categories and conditions for obtaining
The ability to drive a self-propelled machine is an extremely useful skill required for agricultural work and many other activities. However, in order to be able to use self-propelled mechanisms, one should take care of obtaining the appropriate document.
- « A "- refers to vehicles that are not designed to travel along general-purpose highways or with the highest structurally possible speed not reaching 50 km / h, including:
- off-road motor vehicles;
- off-road vehicle with the largest possible weight of no more than 3.5 thousand kg and the number of seats, not counting the driver's seat, no more than eight;
- off-road motor vehicles with the largest possible mass over 3.5 thousand kg;
- off-road vehiclesdesigned for the carriage of passengers with more than eight seats, excluding the driver's seat.
- « B ". Refers to tracked and wheeled mechanisms with an engine that does not reach 25.7 kW in power.
- "C". Refers to wheeled vehicleshaving an engine with a power reaching from 25.7 to 110.3 kW. Find out more about what is a category C driver's license.
- "D"... Refers to wheeled vehicles with an engine power exceeding 110.3 kW.
- "E". Refers to tracked vehicles with an engine power exceeding 25.7 kW.
- "F"... Refers to self-propelled mechanisms for agricultural purposes.
Tractor license categories with decoding
Driving a tractor, as a representative of a group of self-propelled machines, requires special skills and obtaining an appropriate certificate. It should be understood that there are several categories of tractor rights. Depending on these, both the age of admission to driving and the specific type of vehicle that a citizen gets access to drive varies.
- "B" - specialized wheeled units and tracked special vehicles, where the engine power does not exceed 25.7 kW;
- "C" - special wheeled vehicles with engine power ranging from 27.5 to 110.3 kW;
- "D" - wheeled self-propelled special transport with a power above 110.3 kW;
- "E" - tracked special equipment, where the engine has a power of more than 25.7 kW;
- "F" - special vehicles for agricultural activities.
Blog about cars, car enthusiasts and inspectors
1. Category "B". This category includes tractors with both wheels and tracks. Engine power no more than 25.7 kW. Tractor drivers in this category can use a variety of trailers and attachments (with different sizes and weights). And also to carry out scheduled and urgent repairs;
Examination tickets for traffic rules for a tractor are very similar to tickets for ordinary drivers. There are 50 tickets in total, each of them has 20 questions. Most of the topics of traffic rules are the same for everyone, this includes the topic of road signs, and the topic of first aid, and the topic of road traffic rules. The structure of traffic rules differs in the topic of tractor driver operation.
Tractor license categories: decoding
The difference between a temporary permit and a certificate was that the first was issued to persons who raised doubts among the commission about the success of subsequent exploitation. self-propelled equipmentbut at the same time passed the exam well. This concerned, for example, citizens with certain medical contraindications.
- The tractor itself.
- A mechanical trackless vehicle, necessarily having in its design: an internal combustion engine (volume must be at least 50 cm 3) / electric motor (the highest power must not be lower than 4 kW), independent drive. An exception will be military transport.
- Self-propelled vehicle designed for construction and road works.
provided by the driver
by doing
transport works:
tractor driver's license,
waybill, certificate of
car registration, coupon
technical inspection.
Driver's permit to work on
self-propelled car
category D - from 17 years old without
experience if available
Tractor driver's license of category D.
- without a first aid kit,
fire extinguisher,
warning triangle,
shovels The operation of a self-propelled machine is not allowed:
- at a noise level at a distance of 7 m more than 85 dBA;
- in case of malfunction of the device, excluding start
engine in gear The operation of a self-propelled machine is not allowed:
- with a faulty power steering;
- with faulty door locks or their absence, with
unclosed door;
- in case of faulty adjustment of the driver's seat;
- without a license plate on the trailer The operation of a self-propelled machine is not allowed:
- without a license plate on the trailer;
- a self-propelled vehicle with a trailer when driving onto roads
common use must be equipped
mirrors on both sides, wipers
on both sides windscreen and
orange flashing light The operation of a self-propelled machine is not allowed:
- if due to oil leakage from the working parts
pollution occurs environment;
- you must not enter the car with dirty shoes It is strictly forbidden to work on the tractor.
- with faulty steering, brake
system, electric lighting and signaling Operation prohibited
- with a faulty power steering.
In the steering tie rod joints
backlash is not allowed Brake system
The trailer brakes must be applied before
braking the self-propelled vehicle.
Free travel of the service brake pedal - 10-15 mm. Brake system
The parking brake must hold the self-propelled
car on a slope of no more than 31%. Brake system
Permissible clearance between brake pads
and drum wheels
at the axes of the pads \u003d 0.2-0.3 mm,
in the area of \u200b\u200bthe expander \u003d 0.4-0.6 mm. Brake system
After moving the ford, it is necessary several times
slightly slow down the self-propelled vehicle.
Braking distance (S) self-propelled machine
category D with a trailer on dry asphalt (concrete) at
the initial speed of 20 km / h is 7.5 m. Brake system
When checking for air leaks in the pneumatic system
brakes, press the brake pedal. A fall
pressure in the pneumatic system of brakes is not allowed
more than 1 kg / cm2 for 0.5 hour.
Free travel of the clutch pedal of the T-150K tractor
should not exceed 30-40 mm External lighting devices
Self-propelled machine
are established
reflectors white
colors - front, red
colors - behind.
Reversing lights
should be white. Wheels and tires
Permissible residual height
stars for driving wheels - 10
mm.
Install tires on one bridge
with different tread patterns
forbidden.
When installing the wheel on the hub, do not
should be loose
(torn off) studs (nuts).
Self-propelled tire
machines in transport works
should be 170 kPa, in tires
trailer - 400 kPa. Difference
the pressure in the right and left tires is not
must exceed 10 kPa.
Operation is prohibited when
wheel tire damage
(cracks, holes, cord break). Engine and hydraulics
Fuel leakage in
system devices
food is not allowed.
Tighten the union
fuel system at
running engine
forbidden.
Oil leaking from
hydraulic systems are not
allowed.
Heating open
flame compound
parts of self-propelled
cars are prohibited. Engine starting
Before turning on
heater is necessary
unscrew the check plug
and drain off the remaining fuel.
To start the engine
self-propelled machine type
tractor T-150K from a tug
a seventh
or eighth gear, lever
PTO - to the rear position.
Starting is allowed when
compliance with the rules
towing a faulty
tractor It is forbidden to extinguish burning fuel with water.
The exhaust system of the engine when
the performance of work must be equipped
muffler and spark arrestor Pneumatic system
Start moving
self-propelled machine can
at pressure in
pneumatic system 8 kg / cm2.
Shrinkage of the hydraulic cylinder rod
hinged system at
finding the handle
distributor in position
"Neutral" for transport
crossings allowed in
limits recommended
the manufacturer.
Drain condensate from
the receiver is necessary at TO1 and in winter at ETO. Traffic
Before starting, make sure the path is
free both between the tractor and the trailer, as well as in
there are no people in the area of \u200b\u200bthe frame hinge. ABOUT
signal the beginning of movement. Traffic
Sequence
starting action
self-propelled machine type
K-700 from the spot: give a signal,
make sure there is no
obstacles to
tractor, turn on
working range, low
mode, depress the pedal
drain, turn on the lever
first gear and quickly
release the drain pedal,
increasing the frequency
engine rotation up to
1300 - 1500 min-1. Traffic
Trailed implements and
trailers must have
rigid couplings, not
allowing them to run into
tractor.
Maximum speed
movement self-propelled
cars with a trailer
dirt road - 15 km / h,
on the roads of general
use - no more than 20
km / h.
After crossing the railway
moving is necessary
switch to
overdrive. Traffic
When driving under a power line, the distance from
wires to the self-propelled machine must be:
voltage up to 1 kV - more than 1 m; up to 10kV - more than 2 m; before
100 kV - more than 3 m, up to 1000 kV - more than 4 m.
distance from a passing self-propelled vehicle (or
trailer) to the high-voltage wire - more than 4 m.
work in the area of \u200b\u200bcables, gas
highways must have a permit from the organization,
operating these highways and cables. Traffic
Anti-skid chains
increase coupling
properties of car wheels and
increase permeability at
driving in mud, ice, and
loose snow.
For cars
chains are used more often,
made from 5mm rod,
for trucks from 6mm to
9mm, for special equipment 6mm8mm.
With correct installation
chains on car wheels
wheel tread wear
minimal. Traffic
When driving downhill
prohibited to use
roll forward, turn off the engine
it is impossible.
Engine operation in
closed room at
maintenance self-propelled
machines are allowed only with
exhaust gas outlet
outside the premises. Traffic
Driving (wobbling) of the trailer when straight
movement of the unit is not allowed.
Permissible drift of the self-propelled machine when
emergency braking no more than 0.5 m from
primary direction. Traffic
To connect the trailer, you need to drive up
in reverse with the lowest possible speed
at average engine speed using
clutch Traffic
When cornering when working with a long machine
distance between the transport unit and
a stationary object must be selected taking into account the skid
the rear of the trailer.
When turning a transport train at an intersection, you need to
take into account the fit of the rear trailer into the intersection,
speed should be such that it provides
the ability to constantly monitor the movement of the unit. Traffic
When turning with a trailer
on a slope before
bias switch to
low gear and
reduce frequency
engine rotation up to
middle, manage
brakes, choose
speed of movement without giving
the trailer hit the tractor
or tip over. Traffic
Reversal
self-propelled machine with
trailer necessary
produce with
minimal
speed, on average
rotation frequency
engine Traffic
Towing a self-propelled vehicle with a malfunctioning
the hydraulic system must be lifted
hydraulic system rear part of self-propelled machine
or on a rigid hitch. Traffic
It is necessary to overcome the obstacle under
right angle (machine and trailer on the same line). Traffic
When aggregating a self-propelled machine with
the worker must be outside the
the movement of the tractor. Traffic
When entering the gate in reverse with a two-axle
the trailer must fix the hydraulic hook and
block the trailed sheath.
When transporting a mounted machine
the locking bolt must be installed Self-propelled vehicle operation and cargo transportation
Self-propelled work
machines on the cross
slope is not allowed
more than 5O Self-propelled vehicle operation and cargo transportation
Allowable clearance between
brake linings
and a drum of wheels at the axles
pads \u003d 0.2-0.3 mm, and in
expander area \u003d
0.4-0.6 mm. Self-propelled vehicle operation and cargo transportation
When working near slopes, slopes, it is necessary
mark a dangerous place, be careful.
When working in the area where gas
highways, cables must have a permit
organization operating these highways and cables. Self-propelled vehicle operation and cargo transportation
When transporting toxic substances (antifreeze), container
must have the inscription "Poison", as well as a sign,
established to denote toxic substances.
When transporting compressed gas cylinders in a trailer
necessary when laying cylinders
use gaskets that protect the cylinders from
contact Self-propelled vehicle operation and cargo transportation
When unloading, first unload the first
trailer, then the next one.
Cleaning the trailer is not allowed when the
platform. Self-propelled vehicle operation and cargo transportation
When transporting cargo, the sides must be tied,
cargo protruding beyond the dimension (more than 1 m), marked
sign "oversized cargo", a sign
"Road train". Self-propelled vehicle operation and cargo transportation
It is prohibited to ride on
unequipped for this
trailed implements,
mounted machines and outside
tractor cab. In the cockpit
tractor is prohibited
travel for more than two people,
including driver Maintenance and repair
When replacing a wheel with
lifting self-propelled
machines needed
use a jack 5 t c
stand
You need to install
stops under the front and
rear wheels from both
parties, set
stand Maintenance and repair
Before transporting on a trailer, you must
engage gear, apply handbrake, self-propelled
the car must be braced Maintenance and repair
Machine to be
repair should be
cleaned of dirt and
technological products,
washed and dried.
Washing is necessary
produce in special
washing chambers or on
equipped overpass,
platform with solid
coating and cuvettes for
water drainage. Maintenance and repair
Before washing, units and engine parts,
working on leaded gasoline,
neutralize tetraethyl lead deposits
appropriate neutralizing technical
liquids (kerosene). Maintenance and repair
Cleaning the radiator
open flame
is prohibited.
When cooking
electrolyte needed
pour into a container
distilled water, and
then add acid.
When renovating in
repair room
workshop fuel
necessary completely
drain. Maintenance and repair
You need to wear a mitten to open the radiator cap
or by throwing a rag
Matching holes when connecting parts
must be checked with a mandrel. Maintenance and repair
Platform for refueling equipment with petroleum products
must be free of dry grass, combustible debris and
plowed with a strip of at least 4m. Maintenance and repair
Storing chemicals with fuels and
highly flammable substances are prohibited.
Open storage areas of flammable and
flammable liquids should be located on a site with
lower marks compared to marks
neighboring production buildings, storage areas and
parking equipment. Maintenance and repair
Storage
oiled
tow,
wiping
material must be produced in metal
a box with a lid that should
cleaned once at the end of the shift.
Many business leaders and employees themselves do not always understand what the main categories of self-propelled vehicles include, what licenses are required to drive vehicles.
The article provides all the necessary information on this issue.
Important points about self-propelled vehicles
You need to know what categories self-propelled vehicles are divided into and which ones you need to get a license. The level of security in companies and organizations depends on this.
To drive such vehicles, you need to obtain special licenses.
Traffic police officers qualify the management of self-propelled vehicles for inappropriate rights as driving without a license. Responsibility for violation of this rule can be not only administrative, but even criminal.
In case of serious enough violations, not only the perpetrators of the violation and crimes, but the heads of the companies in which they work can be brought to justice.
Punishments are imposed on them for the reason that they allowed people who did not have the right and proper skills to operate the equipment.
It is not difficult to understand the main categories of self-propelled vehicles, as well as the certificates required to operate them. In this case, you need to take the Resolution No. 796 of 12.07.1999 as a basis.
It provides attention to information related to the management of machines and the issuance of certificates intended for this process.
The document that allows you to drive a self-propelled vehicle and issued to the driver is called in 2019, as before, the rights of a tractor driver.
The received certificate of the tractor driver-driver may contain records about certain categories of modern equipment. Each point of the classification of self-propelled vehicles into categories must be considered in more detail.
Category A - these are modern motor vehicles that are not intended for movement on public highways or have a maximum speed level not exceeding 50 km / h.
This includes vehicles such as:
- I - these are off-road motor vehicles - snowmobiles and ATVs.
- II - off-road automobile vehicles with a permissible weight of up to 3.5 thousand kg and the number of seated passenger seats no more than eight. This subcategory includes swamp vehicles, side-by-side vehicles and usually with a body.
- III is a special category of off-road vehicles with a permitted mass above 3.5 tonnes. An example of these vehicles is an all-terrain vehicle or a dump truck of the Ural-Polarnik brand.
- IV - off-road vehicles that are designed to carry passengers, and also have more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat. An example here would be the apron airport bus.
Category B represents wheeled and tracked vehicles with engines that do not exceed 25.7 kW.
These vehicles can be completely different - gasoline, diesel, and electric.
Drivers of electric forklifts will need to obtain a tractor driver license, category B and a special label "forklift driver" should be open.
This category includes special wheeled vehicles, the engine of which ranges from 25.7 to 110.3 kW in terms of power. This category of vehicles is the most popular.
It includes:
- Diesel forklifts.
- Loaders of the bucket category.
- Mini-variants of Bobcat.
- Some Amkord models.
In a driver's license for this category, you can find such marks as a tractor driver, a loader driver and an excavator driver.
If you are interested in which category tractors and other self-propelled vehicles belong to, then this is just category C.
Category D
This category includes special wheeled vehicles equipped with motors above 110.3 kW. We are talking about such powerful enough front loaders as Dresta, Volvo, Caterpillar.
Also, this includes cars designed for the transportation of sea containers. The certificate may contain marks typical for category C.
Category E
These are special tracked vehicles equipped with an engine with a power exceeding 25.7 kW. AT driving license this category is marked "tractor driver" or "excavator driver".
Category F
To obtain all of the above categories of rights, the driver must meet certain requirements.
For admission to exams you will need:
- Complete specialized training and get professional basic or additional education. Programs are being studied that are directly or indirectly related to the management of self-propelled vehicles of the listed categories. After the completed courses, a corresponding document on the assigned qualification is issued.
- Pass a special medical examination to obtain a medical certificate. The document must confirm complete absence medical contraindications for driving self-propelled vehicles.
- Category A I - from 16 years old;
- Category A II - from 19 years, 12 months of experience in the automotive category B;
- Category A III - from 19 years old, work experience 12 months in category C;
- Category A IV - from 22 years, total experience of 12 months for category D rights;
- Category B, C, E, F - from 17 years old;
- Category D - from 18 years old.
Only with full compliance with all of the listed conditions can you undergo special training and pass the relevant exams.
The main procedure for passing the exam
Examinations for obtaining a license for driving self-propelled vehicles are taken in a specific sequence:
- Testing theoretical knowledge on the operation of special self-propelled machines, their safe operation (except for category F).
- The theory of the operation of self-propelled machines and agricultural equipment. It is rented for obtaining a category F license and for those who have already received the qualification of a tractor driver-driver.
- Delivery of theory on traffic rules.
- Testing practical knowledge of complex practical driving skills, traffic rules and the safest operation of cars.
Practice is given in two stages. The first part is rented on a site closed from traffic, which is characterized as a tractor track. The second part is carried out on a pre-selected route, in which real conditions the functioning of a self-propelled machine.
When passing the practical part of the exam, an employee of the training center will check the following skills:
- start of movement on the rise from a place;
- a U-turn on a track limited in width with a one-time gear engagement;
- putting the car into the box in reverse;
- setting self-propelled transport in a unit with a trailer in the box in reverse;
- aggregation of a self-propelled car with a hinged machine and with a trailer;
- stopping and braking at different speed modes, emergency stopping.
Upon successful passing of all examination points, the driver receives a certificate of a tractor driver for driving self-propelled vehicles against receipt.
When passing exams for the category of self-propelled vehicles, a specialist receives a professional certificate of a tractor driver-driver.
Previously issued rights of such a plan are revoked from him, and all permissive records and marks are transferred to a new document.
In the column "Special marks" the necessary restrictive, permissive and informational records are put down. This can be seniority, qualification limitation, blood type, a mark about management in lenses or glasses, and so on.
The license of a tractor driver or just a tractor driver is issued for up to 10 years... After this time, the document must be replaced, since it is considered invalid.
Conclusion
For training to drive vehicles belonging to the category of self-propelled vehicles, you will need to pay an average of 8,500 to 12,000 rubles. It all depends on the training center where the training takes place.
Drivers of self-propelled vehicles who have successfully passed the exam receive a special certificate regarding the completed training in training center... After that, a certificate of a professional tractor driver is issued.
