Faults for which it is forbidden to operate vehicles. A brief overview of the specialist police officers is offered

The list of faults and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited.

This list establishes car malfunctions, buses, road trains, trailers, motorcycles, mopeds, tractors, other self-propelled machines and conditions under which their operation is prohibited. Methods for verifying the above parameters are regulated by GOST R 51709-2001 Motor vehicles. Security Requirements K. technical state and test methods. "

1. Brake systems

1.1. The rate of braking efficiency of the working brake system does not correspond to the GOST R 51709-2001.

1.2. The tightness of the hydraulic brake drive is impaired.

1.3. The disruption of the tightness of pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake drives causes a drop in air pressure when an inoperative engine is 0.05 MPa and more than 15 minutes after complete acting into action. Squeezed air leakage from wheel brake chambers.

1.4. There is no pressure gauge of pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake drives.

1.5. The parking brake system does not provide a fixed state:

vehicles with full load - on a slope to 16 percent inclusive;
passenger carsmobile and buses in a curb state - on a slope to 23 percent inclusive;
trucks carsmobiles and road trains in the exacculent state - on a slope to 31 percent inclusive.

2. Steering

2.1. The total backlash in the steering is greater than the following values:

Passenger cars and based on their base trucks and buses - 10
Buses - 20.
Trucks - 25

2.2. There are ne. stipped design Moving parts and nodes. Threaded connections Not tightened or not fixed in the established method. Disabled to fix the position of the steering column.

2.3. Faulty or missing steering steering or steering damper (for motorcycles).

3. External lighting devices

3.1. Number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external light instruments do not comply with the requirements of the vehicle design.

Note. On vehicles removed from production, it is allowed to install external lighting devices from vehicles of other brands and models.

3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST P 51709-2001.

3.3. Do not work in the installed mode or contaminated external light instruments and light rails.

3.4. On light devices, there are no diffusers or diffusing devices and lamps that do not correspond to the type of this light device.

3.5. Installation of flashing beacons, methods for their mounting and visibility of the light signal do not meet the established requirements.

3.6. The vehicle is installed:

in front - lighting devices with lights of any color, except white, yellow or orange, and retroreflective fixtures of any color, except white;
rear - Lanterns rear stroke and state lighting registration sign With lights of any color, except white, and other lighting devices with lights of any color, except red, yellow or orange, as well as retroreflective devices of any color, except red.

Note. The provisions of this clause do not apply to state registration, distinctive and identification signs installed on vehicles.

4. Wiper wipers and windows windshield

4.1. Do not work in the installed glass wipers.

4.2. Do not work provided by the vehicle design windows.

5. Wheels and tires

5.1. The residual depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more:

for vehicles, categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles, categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles, categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.

The residual depth of the Winter tire tread pattern, designed for use on an icy or snow-covered road surface, marked with a rowed peak with three peaks and snowflakes inside it, as well as marked signs "M + S", "M & S", "M & S" ( In the absence of wear indicators), during operation on the specified coating is no more than 4 mm.

Note. The designation of the category of the vehicle in this paragraph is established in accordance with Annex No. 1 to the technical regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of wheeled vehicles", decided Commissions of the Customs Union of December 9, 2011 N 877.

L (0.8 mm) - mopeds, mokiki, motorcycles, quad bikes;
N2, N3, O3, O4 (1 mm) - trucks with a maximum mass of more than 3.5 tons and trailers with a maximum mass of more than 3.5 tons;
M1, N1, O1, O2 (1.6 mm) - passenger cars, trucks with a maximum weight of up to 3.5 tons, trailers with a maximum weight of up to 3.5 tons;
M2, M3 (2 mm) - buses.

5.2. Tires have external damage (trifles, cuts, breaks), exposing cords, as well as bundle frame, debriefing the tread and sidewalls.

5.3. There is no bolt (nut) fastening or there are cracks of the disk and rim wheels, there are visible violations of the shape and sizes of the mounting holes.

5.4. Tires in size or permissible load No models of vehicle.

5.5. On one axis of the vehicle installed tires of various sizes, structures (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and enemora-resistant, new and reconstructed, new and in-depth tread pattern. On the vehicle are made included and uncomplicated tires.

6. Engine

6.1. The content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases and their smoke exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by GOST R 52033-2003 and GOST R 52160-2003.

6.2. Violated the tightness of the power system.

6.3. The exhaust gas release system is faulty.

6.4. The tightness of the crankcase ventilation system is broken.

6.5. The permissible level of external noise exceeds the values \u200b\u200bestablished by Gost P 52231-2004.

7. Other design elements

7.1. The number, location and class of the rear-type mirrors do not correspond to the GOST R 51709-2001, there are no glasses provided by the design of the vehicle.

7.2. Sound signal does not work.

7.3. Additional objects are installed or coatings are applied, limiting visibility from the driver's seat.

Note. On the top of the windshield of cars and buses can be attached transparent color films. It is allowed to use tinted glasses (except for mirror), the light transmission of which corresponds to GOST 5727-88. It is allowed to use curtains on the windows tourist busesAs well as blinds and blinds on the rear windows of passenger cars in the presence of outdoor rearview mirrors on both sides.

7.4. Body or cabin door locks stipulated by design, cargo platform boards constipation, constipation Gorlovin tanks and fuel tape plugs, driver seat position adjustment mechanism, doors emergency switch and signal stopping for bus, internal luminous lighting devices, emergency exits and device devices Their acts, drive control doors, speedometer, tachograph, anti-theft devices, heating devices and glass blowing.

7.5. There are no rear protective device, dirt shrinkage and mudguards provided by the design.

7.6. Faults of the traction and the tractor and trailer, and the trailers, and there are no or defectory safety cables (chains) provided by their design. There are backlays in a motorcycle frame compounds with a side trailer frame.

7.7. No:

by bus, passenger and cargo vehicles, wheel tractors - medical kit, fire extinguisher, emergency stop sign according to GOST R 41.27-2001;
on trucks with a resolved maximum mass of over 3.5 tons and buses with a permitted maximum mass of Over 5 tons - the counter-type stops (must be at least two);
on a motorcycle with a side trailer - a medical first aid kit, an emergency stop sign according to GOST R 41.27-2001.

7.8. Unlawful vehicle equipment by identifying sign "Federal Protection Service Russian Federation», flashing beacons and (or) with special sound signals or the presence on the outer surfaces of vehicles of special colorographic schemes, inscriptions and designations that do not meet the state standards of the Russian Federation.

7.9. There are no seat belts and (or) subheadings of seats, if their installation is provided by the vehicle design or the main provisions for the access of vehicles for operation and responsibilities officials By security road.

7.10. Safety belts are inoperable or have visible holes on the strap.

7.11. Spare wheel holder, winch and lifting mechanism - lowering the spare wheel. The winch ratchet device does not record the drum with the fastener rope.

7.12. On the semi-trailer there is no or defective supporting device, locksters of the transport position of supports, lifting mechanisms and lowering supports.

7.13. Tightness of seals and engine compounds, gearboxes, side gearboxes, rear axles, clutch, battery, cooling and air conditioning systems and additionally installed on the vehicle hydraulic devices.

7.14. Technical parameters indicated on the outer surface of gas cylinders of cars and buses equipped with gas system Nutrition, do not correspond to the technical passport data, there are no dates of the last and planned examination.

7.15. The State Registration Sign of the Vehicle or the method of its installation does not respond to GOST R 50577-93.

7.15 (1). There are no identification signs that must be established in accordance with the basic provisions on the access of vehicles to the operation and responsibilities of officials to ensure road safety, approved by the Council of Ministerial Resolution - the Government of the Russian Federation of October 23, 1993 N 1090 "On Road Rules "

Clause 7.15 (1) introduced into traffic rules with .

7.16. On motorcycles there are no security arc design.

7.17. On motorcycles and mopeds there are no constructions of the footboard, transverse handles for passengers on the saddle.

7.18. Changes were made to the design of the vehicle without the permission of the State Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or other bodies defined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

This list establishes car malfunctions, buses, road trains, trailers, motorcycles, mopeds, tractors, other self-propelled machines and conditions under which their operation is prohibited. Methods for verifying the above parameters are regulated by GOST R 51709-2001 "Motive vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods."

1. Brake systems

1.1. The rate of braking efficiency of the working brake system does not correspond to the GOST R 51709-2001.

1.2. The tightness of the hydraulic brake drive is impaired.

1.4. There is no pressure gauge of pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake drives.

1.5. The parking brake system does not provide a fixed state:

vehicles with full load - on a slope to 16 percent inclusive;
passenger cars and buses in the equipment - on a slope to 23 percent inclusive;
trucks and road trains in the exacculent state - to a slope to 31 percent inclusive.

2. Steering

2.1. The total backlash in the steering is greater than the following values:

Passenger cars and based on their base trucks and buses - 10
Buses - 20.
Trucks - 25

2.2. There are not stipulated by the design of parts and nodes. Threaded connections are not tightened or not fixed in the manner. Disabled to fix the position of the steering column.

2.3. Faulty or missing steering steering or steering damper (for motorcycles).

3. External light instruments

3.1. Number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external light instruments do not comply with the requirements of the vehicle design.

Note. On vehicles removed from production, it is allowed to install external lighting devices from vehicles of other brands and models.

3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST P 51709-2001.

3.3. Do not work in the installed mode or contaminated external light instruments and light rails.

3.4. There are no diffusers on light instruments or diffusers and lamps are used that do not correspond to the type of this light instrument.

3.5. Installation of flashing beacons, methods for their mounting and visibility of the light signal do not meet the established requirements.

3.6. The vehicle is installed:

in front - lighting devices with lights of any color, except white, yellow or orange, and retroreflective fixtures of any color, except white;
rear - the reverse lights and lighting of the state registration sign with lights of any color, except white, and other lighting devices with lights of any color, except red, yellow or orange, as well as retroreflective devices of any color, except red.

Note. The provisions of this clause do not apply to state registration, distinctive and identification signs installed on vehicles.

4. Windshield wipers and windshield carriers

4.1. Do not work in the installed glass wipers.

4.2. Do not work provided by the vehicle design windows.

5. Wheels and tires

5.1. The residual depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more:

for vehicles, categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles, categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles, categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.

The residual depth of the Winter Tire Tread Picture, designed for use on an icy or snow-covered road surface, marked with a mountain peak with three peaks and snowflakes inside it, as well as marked signs "M + S", "M & S", "M S" ( In the absence of wear indicators), during operation on the specified coating is no more than 4 mm.

Note. The designation category of the vehicle in this clause is established in accordance with Annex No. 1 to the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "", adopted by the decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of December 9, 2011 N 877.

5.2. Tires have external damage (trifles, cuts, breaks), exposing cords, as well as bundle frame, debriefing the tread and sidewalls.

5.3. There is no bolt (nut) fastening or there are cracks of the disk and rim wheels, there are visible violations of the shape and sizes of the mounting holes.

5.4. Tires in size or permissible load do not correspond to the vehicle model.

6. Engine

6.1. The content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases and their smoke exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by GOST R 52033-2003 and GOST R 52160-2003.

6.2. Violated the tightness of the power system.

6.3. The exhaust gas release system is faulty.

6.4. The tightness of the crankcase ventilation system is broken.

6.5. The permissible level of external noise exceeds the values \u200b\u200bestablished by Gost P 52231-2004.

7. Other design elements

7.1. The number, location and class of the rear-type mirrors do not correspond to the GOST R 51709-2001, there are no glasses provided by the design of the vehicle.

7.2. Sound signal does not work.

7.3. Additional objects are installed or coatings are applied, limiting visibility from the driver's seat.

Note. On the top of the windshield of cars and buses can be attached transparent color films. It is allowed to use tinted glasses (except for mirror), the light transmission of which corresponds to GOST 5727-88. It is allowed to use curtains on the windows of tourist buses, as well as blinds and curtains on the rear windows of passenger cars if there are external rear-view mirrors on both sides.

7.5. There are no rear protective device, dirt shrinkage and mudguards provided by the design.

7.7. No:

by bus, passenger and cargo vehicles, wheel tractors - medical first aid kit, fire extinguisher, sign of emergency stop according to GOST R 41.27-2001;
on trucks with a resolved maximum mass of over 3.5 tons and buses with a permitted maximum mass of Over 5 tons - the counter-type stops (must be at least two);
on a motorcycle with a side trailer - a medical first aid kit, an emergency stop sign according to GOST R 41.27-2001.

7.8. Unlawful vehicle equipment by an identifying sign "Federal Protection Service of the Russian Federation", flashing beacons and (or) special sound signals or the presence on the outer surfaces of vehicles of special color photographic schemes, inscriptions and designations that do not meet the state standards of the Russian Federation.

7.9. There are no seat belts and (or) subheadings of seats, if their installation is provided for by the vehicle design or the main provisions for the access of vehicles and the responsibilities of job safety officials.

7.10. Safety belts are inoperable or have visible holes on the strap.

7.11. Spare wheel holder, winch and lifting mechanism - lowering the spare wheel. The winch ratchet device does not record the drum with the fastener rope.

7.12. On the semi-trailer there is no or defective supporting device, locksters of the transport position of supports, lifting mechanisms and lowering supports.

7.13. The tightness of seals and engine compounds, gearbox, side gearboxes, rear axle, clutch, battery, cooling and air conditioning systems and additionally installed hydraulic devices are disturbed.

7.14. The technical parameters indicated on the outer surface of gas cylinders of cars and buses equipped with a gas system, do not correspond to the technical passport data, there are no dates of the last and planned examination.

7.15. The State Registration Sign of the Vehicle or the method of its installation does not respond to GOST R 50577-93.

7.15 1 . There are no identification signs that must be established in accordance with the main provisions on the access of vehicles for the operation and responsibilities of officials to ensure road safety, approved by the Council of Ministerial Resolution - the Government of the Russian Federation of October 23, 1993 N 1090 "On Road Rules ".

7.16. On motorcycles there are no security arc design.

7.17. On motorcycles and mopeds there are no constructions of the footboard, transverse handles for passengers on the saddle.

Admission of vehicles to operation. Malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited.

Registration TC and license plates

Identification signs of TS

Conditions to admit the TC to operate. Template

Wheel and tire malfunctions

Registration of vehicles and license plates

(Basic provisions for the admission of vehicles for the operation and obligation of officials to ensure road safety, paragraphs 1, 2)

The document that we will briefly call the main provisions is published under one cover with the rules of the road. It defines the requirements for the technical condition, equipment, equipping vehicles, as well as the availability of the necessary documents on them. We will not need all the points of basic provisions, but only those that are directly related to drivers and owners of vehicles. The duties of officials to ensure the safety of movement will provide to study the mentioned officials.

Let's start with the fact that only TCs registered in the prescribed manner in the traffic police or, as they say, are allowed to participate in the road movement in the prescribed manner. At the same time, not only new, but also visited the operation of the vehicle in the event of their resale or renewal to another owner (physical or legal person), it is necessary to register. The registration process includes the enhancing information about the vehicle and the passport data of its owner in single base Data, which, if necessary, can be used anywhere in the country in the department of the traffic police, as DPS, etc. In addition, registration includes verification of documents provided by the owner of the vehicle, the "reconciliation of the number aggregates", during which the traffic police officers find out whether the numbers escaped by the factory method on the body and other parts of the vehicle, the fact that are indicated in documents for him. This is done in order to make the legalization of previously stolen and resserved cars make it difficult to attackers. With the same purpose, the recorded TC is verified on the database of car wanted.

For the owner of the TC, registration in the traffic police, ultimately, means receiving state license plates and documents on the vehicle, allowing you to quietly exploit it without fear of misunderstandings when checking on the road. The main document accompanying the vehicle throughout his life is the first sale before write-off - is the passport of the vehicle, or abbreviated - TCP. When buying, selling, re-issuing a vehicle, changing registration data, as well as with the final removal due to disposal, the relevant entries are made in the TCP, allowing you to trace the entire life path of your iron horse. These records are certified by signatures and seals confirming the legitimacy of executed registration actions.

TCP is a document with which you need to carefully contact for many years. It should be kept to keep it not in the car and not in the wallet, but at home or in the office, in a safe place. For continuous use, the owner at the same time is issued a second document, which is called a certificate of registration of the vehicle. Unlike the PTS, the certificate of registration at any trip should be at the driver. It is presented to the employees of the auto inspection along with the driver's license.

The registration certificate has a form of a laminated card, on one side of which information about the vehicle is indicated, and on the other - information about its owner. In fact, the certificate is a certified statement from the PTS, which reflects the current state and affiliation of the vehicle. Therefore, when resale or the gift of the car, as well as when replacing the body, engine, repainting in another color, change in the name or residence of the owner, etc. An old registration certificate is subject to destruction, and in return is issued other, with new records.

From the moment the TC is registered, according to its license plate, using a database can always be established by the identity of the owner, check the vehicle on the hijacking, find out where it is insured, and get a lot of other useful information. And if someone wants to replace the license plates on the stolen car, he will most likely come out, because information about the brand, color, body rooms and the engine listed in the computer will not coincide with those signs that the abducted vehicle will have .

According to paragraph 1 of the main provisions, register the vehicle for ten days from the date of its acquisition. At the same time, it does not play the roles, whether the purchase in the car dealership, "from the hands" or the vehicle is imported from abroad. Before registration, the owner should be carried out with a document confirming the fact of the legal acquisition of the vehicle. If there were changes in the registration data of the vehicle or its owner (for example, the owner replaced the car body or registered on another address), the new information should also be made to the database, in TCP and to the certificate of registration.

To put the vehicle for accounting, you need to stock necessary documentsThe list of which can be found in any registration department of the traffic police or on the Internet. These documents necessarily include the insurance policy of the OSAGO, which must be purchased before contacting the traffic police.

The owner of the vehicle can be recorded by any person, including the not having a driver's license. It is this person who will pass in the future inspection, pay the transport tax, to be responsible for violations identified by the automatic photo or video camera. On behalf of the owner may be discharged by a power of attorney for the commission of various actions with the vehicle up to its sale or donation. The number of such powers is not limited.

The obtained license plates must be installed on the places intended for this in front and behind the vehicle (on motorcycles - only from behind). This is stated in paragraph 2 of the main provisions. For non-fulfillment of this requirement, for driving with non-standard or unreadable license plates, as well as for trying to hide or modify letters and numbers of the license plate (for example, not to pay a penalty for incorrect parking) Article 12.2.2 of the CAC provides for a very serious punishment.

Identification signs of vehicles

(Basic provisions, paragraph 8)

Paragraphs 4 - 7 of the main provisions set out the requirements for the technical equipment of trucks intended for the transport of people, training vehicles, bicycles and manpieces, and paragraphs 9 and 10 are the requirements for towing devices and their designation. If you wish, you can explore these items yourself. We are more interested in paragraph 8, telling about the identification signs of vehicles (Fig. 21-1). These signs placed on the glasses or the outer surfaces of individual TCs are isolated from a total flow and inform other drivers about non-standard dimensions, features of the design, the nature of the cargo transported or the limited movement speed.

In addition, the corresponding identification signs may report that the TC is involved in the organized carriage of a group of children, which is behind the wheel there is a student, a newcomer, or a deaf-and-dumb driver, which is pointless to serve sound signals, because it will not hear them anyway.

Installation of identification signs on those vehicles for which they are intended must be obligatory. Only two signs are placed voluntarily, at the request of the driver. This is the identification signs of the "doctor" and "disabled". It should be noted that any privileges do not give any privileges on the transport means of the "Disabled" sign - it is important that the disabled I or II group himself attended on board as a driver or a passenger. Benefits will act and in the case when the identifying sign "Disabled" is not installed on the vehicle. At the same time, for the unauthorized installation on the vehicle of the identification sign "Disabled" without permission issued by the traffic police, as well as for managing such a TC of Article 12.4.2 and 12.5.4.1, the Administrative Code provides a fine of 5000 p. and confiscation of the identification sign.

Terms of admission of the vehicle to operation. Template

(Basic provisions, paragraphs 3, 11)

In order for the vehicle to be calmly exploited, it is necessary that it is technically serviceable, meets the established standards and regulations, and that all documents on it are in order. If these conditions are not met, then the traffic police arise reason to prohibit the operation of the vehicle.

Questions related to the prohibition of operation are not so simple, as it seems at first glance. There is a great set of faults that may occur and periodically arise on any vehicle. Some of them are dangerous, others - no. Some of them are immediately visible to the naked eye, others can be discovered only by experts with diagnostic equipment. There are malfunctions that allow you to continue moving by your course, and there are those with which you can leave only on a tow or tow truck. Many faults are eliminated during the repair fully, however, in some cases, it is impossible to restore the initial state of the part or the unit. Completely without malfunction, that is, in perfect condition, there is a very small part car park - As a rule, it is the vehicle, which just came up from the factory conveyor.

Figuratively technical exploitation Vehicle is nothing but a gradual process of turning a new car into a pile of rusty scrap metal. Therefore, in the emergence and existence of certain "diseases" at different stages of the livelihood there is nothing surprising and unnatural. The only question is how to separate the harmless breakdown from the one that can lead to dangerous or expensive consequences. Paragraph 3 of the main provisions refers to such consequences road traffic accidents, as well as harm that the vehicle can cause the environment. It is on these two criteria (traffic safety and ecology) and separated the malfunctions with which the operation should be prohibited from those with which you can easily ride further. In other words, if the identified malfunction of your vehicle cannot become a direct or indirect cause of an accident, overly pollute the air, the soil, create an increased noise, etc., then you can easily drive with it until you yourself want it eliminate. Otherwise, the car owner must eliminate the problems arising. The list of such problems is developed by specialists and approved with the rules of the road. It is called a list of faults and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited, or a short failure.

The technical condition of the TC is assumed to be periodically monitored during maintenanceHowever, not every driver conscientiously fulfills this requirement. DPS employees and representatives of departmental technical supervision services are not able to catch each TC on the road, and check its serviceability on the road. Therefore, the law provides for the compulsory technical inspection of all registered vehicles. The fact of passage of technical inspection is confirmed by the diagnostic card. Inspection not allowed during the time limits will not allow the policy of compulsory civil liability insurance, which must be kept during any trip and present at the request of traffic police officers.

You can not pass the technical inspection in two ways - to skip the life of it, or come to it with malfunctions that pose a threat to traffic safety or ambient.

Terms of passage of inspection are determined by the age of the vehicle. For the new passenger car of individual use, they make up 3, 5 and 7 years from the beginning of operation. On the passenger cars Over seven years, inspection is carried out annually.

When checking the technical condition and equipment of the vehicle during the inspection (such a check is called tool control), no malfunction listed in the list of which we talked above should not be detected. If such faults are detected, then the owner of the TC will receive a diagnostic card with a list technical parametersthat must be brought to normal. After repairing the vehicle, he will have to come to the tool control to complete the inspection.

According to clause 11 of the main provisions, in addition to faults that threaten the safety of the movement and the state of the environment, and not covered in the established period of technical inspection, reasons for the prohibition of operation of the vehicle are:

Illegal equipment of the vehicle with special signals and color diagrams, as well as distinguishing signs of a car-taxi;

No numbers or installation of fake license plates;

Illegal or not registered in the traffic police change the factory numbering of the body, engine and chassis;

Lack of acting insurance Polisa. Osago.

Prohibition of operation and prohibition for further movement

(PDD, clause 2.3.1)

As a rule, the driver is not to blame for the fact that its vehicle, which has successfully successfully passed inspection, suddenly broke during the trip. It would be unfair to force it to spend the night in a clean field next to the "deceased" steel friend in anticipation of techwork or tow truck. Consequently, for a person who has fallen into a similar situation should exist some reasonable way out of a position that does not contradict the established rules. The procedure for the driver's actions in cases where the malfunction arose during the trip, was registered in the second chapter of the rules of the road.

According to clause 2.3.1 of the traffic police, the driver of a broken TC is obliged to stop and try to eliminate the fault in place, and if it is impossible - to move to the place of repair or parking in compliance with precautions. This is the meaning of the concept of banning the operation of the vehicle - you provide the opportunity to get to the garage or car service with our own progress, provided that the malfunction has not caused an accident, however, the ability to travel and then with the existing malfunctions of the traffic rules is not provided. It is not a fact that when violating this requirement, auto inspection staff will quickly pay attention to your defective car and will disclose a fine, but sooner or later you will still have to undergo a technical inspection and eliminate all the accumulated problems that will be identified during the instrumental control. And if before the occurrence of the inspection period, due to the technical condition of the vehicle, an accident will occur, the driver will punish itself stronger than any auto aspect.

At the same time, there are five of the most dangerous situations, if anyone occurs, no one can guarantee the prevention of accidents even when moving to the place of repair or parking at a minimum speed. In these cases, the driver is generally prohibited further movement on the vehicle. The most "terrible" faults are listed in the same clause 2.3.1 of the Rules. They got into their number:

The faulty working brake system (it, in contrast to the parking brake system, is driven by a brake pedal);

Faulty steering;

Faulty coupling device;

Not included in the dark and under conditions of insufficient appearance of headlights and rear dimensional lights;

Not acting during rain or snowfall wiper, providing a major overview to the driver. By car with the left root location, this is the left wiper, and on the car with the right steering wheel - right.

What can ride with such faults on the real road, easy to imagine. With such problems, you have little chance to safely get even to the nearest car service. What if you got into a similar situation? First, do not get into panic. With an invalid wiper, you can wait until the rain or snowfall end, and then move to the place of repair or parking with its own way. When faulty headlights and overall lights It is allowed to move to the place of repair in the bright time of the day with normal visibility. If the coupling device malfunction, you have the opportunity to disconnect the trailer, hide it in a secluded place and pick up after repairing a coupling device (of course, if you have a passenger car with a trailer, not a multiple trip). And only in two cases - with inactive brakes and steering, it will be necessary to call the tow truck, or towing, and you can only tow the car with such faults can only be able to partially.

Brake system malfunctions and steering

(List of faults, section 1)

Now we are finally ready to refer to the list of faults. To consider it in detail, you need to have at least the minimum idea of \u200b\u200bthe device of the car and work it component parts. If you do not know anything about it at all, then it makes sense to read the article as a car arranged before you continue our lesson. Do not be scared, it is not too long and not very boring.

The list of faults consists of seven sections, and the very first of them is dedicated to the brake system. What is required from vehicle brakes first? They must ensure a quick stopping of the vehicle in the event of danger, that is, to act quite effectively. Checking the effectiveness of the working brake system should be carried out on a special diagnostic stand, which represents a very complex electronic device. If there is no such stand, then you can estimate the effectiveness of the brakes with indirect methods - for example, measuring braking distances TC after emergency braking Applied in artificially created conditions. Thus, at a speed of starting to brake 40 km / h on a smooth pure horizontal asphalt concrete coating, the brake path of a passenger car loaded to the value of the allowed maximum mass should not exceed 15.8 meters. Under the same conditions, the permissible braking path of the truck, the bus and road trip is 19.9 m. Such is the summary of the GOST requirements "Motor vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods "referenced by paragraph 1.1 of the List.

Almost all CS categories are equipped with a hydraulic brake system in which the necessary pressure in the brake mechanisms creates a braking fluid, specially filled into the car. If there is a leak of this fluid, then there will be nothing to act on the brakes, and this can lead to a partial or complete failure of the brake system. This is a very dangerous malfunction with which it is forbidden to move even to the place of repair or parking. It says in paragraph 1.2 of the list. Check Level brake fluid It is possible in a special tank under the hood of the car. In addition, when this level is lowered below the permissible value, a red brake system malfunction light lights up on the instrument panel - this signal can not be left without attention during the trip.

Paragraphs 1.3 and 1.4 List concerning brakes with a pneumatic drive can be skipped. Pneumatic brakes managed compressed air, Apply only on large trucks, buses and trolley buses.

Requirements for the status of the parking brake system (or "manual brakes", as they speak in the people) are set out in paragraph 1.5. Leaving its vehicle on the rise or descent, the driver must brake it in such a way that it does not ride from the mountain in his absence. Of course, the steeper the slope and the greater the mass of the TC, the higher the risk that the parking brake will not cope with its task. Therefore, its effectiveness must meet two requirements:

TC with full load is reliably held on a slope to 16% inclusive (the angle of inclination is approximately 10 degrees);

A passenger car in an exacculent state is held on a slope to 23% inclusive (angle of inclination - 14, 4 degrees).

The full load corresponds to the allowed maximum mass, and under the vehicle in the exile, a car with a driver is understood, but without cargo and passengers, seasoned with fuel and all necessary working fluids, with tools, accessories and a spare wheel. Thus, the car in the curb state is always lighter than the car with full load, which means it should be kept the same parking brake On the coolest slope.

Second section List - steering. Its state as a whole is estimated by the magnitude of the hollow of the steering. The total backlash, referred to in paragraph 2.1 of the list - this is a small angle of rotation of the steering wheel, in which the front wheels remain fixed. This angle should be no more than 10 degrees at a car, not more than 20 degrees at the bus and not more than 25 degrees at the truck.

The steering parts, connected to each other, are a mechanical chain that connects the steering mechanism with the front wheels of the TC and consisting of levers and thrust. If this chain is disconnected anywhere, the TC will cease to obey the steering wheel with all the hazardous consequences. Therefore, all the connections of the levers, the thrust and other parts of the steering should be not only securely tightened with nuts, but also fixed in such a way that none of them can not spontaneously unscrew the path due to the shaking and vibration of the car. This requirement is set out in paragraph 2.2.

The design of many cars and buses provides for the possibility of adjusting the position of the steering wheel, which can be adjusted under the growth and figure of the driver. It is convenient, but it must be remembered that after the steering wheel is set to the optimal position, steering column (That is, the axis on which it is attached) should be rigidly fixed, otherwise at the most inappropriate moment "Baranka" can slip out of the hands, and the TC will lose control. If the steering column fixation device is faulty, the operation of the vehicle is not allowed.

The steering system may include an amplifier that facilitates the steering turn and enhancing safety in emergency situations. If you purchased a car with a steering amplifier, then Item 2.3 The list imposes on you the obligation to maintain it in good condition throughout the life of your TC.

What of the listed faults is prohibited further movement? With those that will not allow even at low speed to quickly stop or fit into the turn if necessary. This concerns such faults as a leakage of the brake fluid, the total backlog backlash, significantly exceeding the permissible value, disconnecting the steering parts, failure of the steering force, in which the steering wheel becomes too tight. With the rest of the brake and steering faults that hit the list, only the operation of the vehicle is prohibited.

Wheel and tire malfunctions

(List of faults, section 5)

The third most important car system responsible for preventing an accident is its wheels and tires. Their faults are listed in the fifth section of the list. Unreliable wheel mount and improper tire condition can lead on the road to the most sad consequences. Therefore, any self-respecting driver must systematically monitor their condition.

If a car moving on high speed, the wheel is broken, it can damage the other vehicles, roll out onto the sidewalk or side and hit the pedestrian. For the TC itself, the loss of the wheel means a skid, and in some cases - overturning, because low pendant details can cling to the irregularities of the road. The fastening of one of the front wheels is especially dangerous.

The wheel is attached to the hub - the details that rotates on the front or rear axis of the car. Thanks to the hard compound, the wheel rotates with the hub as one. To do this, several holes are located in the central part of the plane wheels. Through these holes, bolts are fought, which are screwed into the threaded holes on the hub. The second option - the wheel drive is roaming on studs protruding from the hub and having an outer thread. After that, the wheel is attached to nuts (Fig. 21-2). If the nuts or bolts are tightened unevenly or not enough tight, then the wheel drive when rotating begins to shift relative to the hub, and after a while the thread of the bolts or studs can be a spire with the edges of its holes. Mounting disorders, even at one point, it is enough that the load is distributed to the other bolts (studs) and ultimately led to their cliff. As a result, the risk of losing the wheel.

Keep in mind that the wheel can not be attached to what the bolts or nuts hit - they should come into contact with the disk of the entire clamping surface. Therefore, when replacing wheel disks or wheel attachment elements, it is necessary to pick up bolts or nuts, exactly the corresponding disk profile (Fig. 21-3).

No less dangerous wheels destruction under a moving car, which can occur due to the formation of cracks and other defects in wheel disk.

Paragraph 5.3 The list does not allow the operation of the vehicle, which:

There is no one bolt or nut fastening wheel;

There are visible violations of the shape and sizes of mounting holes (in other words, the holes in the wheel disk were once broken due to poor fastening of the wheel);

There are cracks of discs and rims of wheels.

In addition, the breakdown and damage to the studs or bolts, which are attached to wheels, as well as damage to their threads.

On many passenger cars, the wheels are closed with decorative caps, so the driver fails to control the hollows. However, the poorly fixed wheel always makes itself felt. It is impossible to leave such signs as vibration of the vehicle and extraneous metal knocks in a field of one or another wheel. They can be caused by different reasons, but in any case, it should be not delayed, contact the tire workshop, where you will help to identify and defeat the fault.

Safety of tires is mainly determined by two factors - their strength and status of the tread. If the tire is not durable enough, it can burst at a sharp object, why the car will lose controllability, will change the direction of movement against the driver's will, after which it will be in a roadside cuvette or counter Stripe. Reduced risk helps installation on TC tireless tiresin which air is pumped directly into the tire (Fig. 21-4). If such a tire is damaged, the air is not outward not instantly, but within a few minutes, and the driver, having reappear, has time to reduce the speed and stop in a safe place.

From the blows of the wheel on the irregularities of the road and borders, from the loads of stretching and compression, from driving with reduced pressure in the tires, their wire or polymer base - Cord - can collapse, and even even attending a small acute item will be enough to break the tire and rapid air from her. Provice this process can defects listed in paragraph 5.2 of the list, or the conditions mentioned in paragraph 5.4. That this does not happen, the driver must avoid strong blows when overcoming irregularities, prevent the car overload and strictly support the air pressure recommended by the manufacturer in each bus. At least once every half a year, the tires should be carefully examined, all foreign objects are removed from the tread grooves, and when damage is detected, without delay, eliminate them in the repair shop.

With the friction of the wheel about the road, the protector is wear out, and over time the tire becomes "bald". Having lost most of their protrusions and recesses, it gets worse in contact with small irregularities on the surface of the road, especially if the road is slippery (Fig. 21-5). This leads to a stopping during acceleration and loss of controllability when turning and braking. Therefore, paragraph 5.1 establishes the permissible standards of residual height (or, in other words, the residual depth) of the tread pattern, as the bus must be replaced. Remember these norms are easy. For motorcycles (Category L vehicles) having the smallest wheels and tires compared to other TCs, the permissible residual height of the tread pattern is 0.8 mm. Summer tires of passenger cars (vehicles category M1) and trailers to them this value is two times more, that is, 1.6 mm (if it comes to summer tires). When winter tires are installed on the vehicle, their wear is allowed to the residual height of the tread pattern of 4 mm.

In order for the driver to check tire wear without special devices, manufacturers equip them with wear indicators - special elements recessed into the protector exactly to the above depth. When the indicators appear traces of friction on asphalt, this means that the wisdom of the tire is achieved.

When braking on a slippery road, it is important that the right and left vehicle wheels (and ideally all four wheels) slowed down simultaneously with the same effort. Other times, each time the conditions for the lateral drift will arise, which, despite the efforts of the driver, turns the vehicle across the road. The same brake effect can be achieved only if in addition to brake mechanismsThe tires of the right and left wheels of the car behave equally. To do this, their design, physical properties, dimensions and drawing of the tread, indicated in paragraph 5.5 of the list, should coincide. And if the installation on the front axis is not such tires, as on the back, is still allowed (although it is not recommended), then on the right and left wheels of one axis of the tires should be similar to as twin. At the same time, tires with spikes, improving the behavior of the vehicle on ice and a rolled snow, is allowed to install only in the kit - on all four wheels of the car.

We add that a prudent driver usually has two sets of tires - winter and summer, and every fall and spring he "pereoblove" his car. You can save a little by installing the so-called TC all-season tiresBut you need to remember that they are created for operation in those areas where the air temperature is not lowered down +5 degrees all year round. In the Russian climate, such tires will work in the summer worse than summer, and in winter - worse than winter.

If you buy tires for all four wheels of the car at the same time, and not in turn, then immediately get a lot of advantages. First, in this case they will be originally the same, which means that your car will be less undergoing. Secondly, during operation they will have about the same wear, which is also important on a slippery road. Thirdly, you will be able to advance the time to acquire the next tire set and accumulate money for their purchase. Fourth, you will take care of your tires, because if one of them fails, then choose exactly the same in addition to the three remaining it will be not so easy.

Engine malfunctions, lighting and wipers

(List of faults, sections 6, 3 and 4)

The inclusion of the "Engine" section of the section "Engine" is dictated by environmental requirements. According to the fault list, the engine should not contaminate the ambient air over a valid norm and create an increased noise (paragraphs 6.1 and 6.5). The execution of both conditions depends on the serviceable ventilation of the engine crankcase and the exhaust gas release system consisting of a silencer, exhaust pipes and catalytic neutralizer (Paragraphs 6.3 and 6.4). Fuel leak is not allowed (paragraph 6.2), which at any time can ignite, especially when it comes to gasoline. Fuel for diesel engines (Drying) is less dangerous in the fireplace, since it is flammable only under certain conditions.

Paragraphs 6.1 and 6.5 of the list refer to the data given in GOSTS R 52033-2003 (the composition of the exhaust gases for gasoline engines), R 52160-2003 (Dyael engine smoke) and p 52231-2004 (external noise level), but thoroughly know the requirements of these documents with a simple driver optional. If the measuring instrument (gas analyzer or smoke) is connected to the exhaust pipe of the engine of the working engine, the arrow or indicator should be in the "norm" position. If this does not happen, it means that the engine power system requires adjustment that the auto service specialists perform.

Finally, as long as your working engine sounds in the same way as in any riding car, you can not worry about noise level. But when you hear that the volume or tone of the sound has changed - you have to search and eliminate the cause of the fault.

The third section of the list places the requirements for the state of external light instruments. We have already been partially studied these requirements together with the 19th chapter. There are no problems with light appliances from those drivers who support them clean, replace the blurred bulbs and damaged diffusers in a timely manner, and also periodically control the adjustment of the headlights and the operation mode of the outer lights. Incorrectly adjusted headlights not only significantly worsen the visibility of the road, but also blinding other participants in the movement, creating a immediate threat to an accident.

Recall that one should not dismantle the lighting devices that seem unnecessary, and add those that are not provided for by the TC design. Replace the failed light instruments need exactly the same, unless they are removed from production. It is categorically not to change the color of any outer lights from any side of the vehicle. And, of course, if, by law, gluster beacons are not allowed, sirens and color photographic schemes - do not try the jokes for the sake of them to equip their TCs. This will be considered a violation of paragraph 7.8 of the List and will entail a very serious administrative responsibility.

Wiper wipers and windows that are stated in paragraphs 4.1 and 4.2 of the list, provide the driver to the driver's review of the road in rainy weather. If dry dirt is settled on the window (this, as a rule, occurs at the air temperature below zero), then the windshield wipers cannot cope with their duties, and then the glass makers come to the rescue. They should not be simply operational, but also refilled by the necessary amount of detergent liquid that does not freeze in the cold period of the year. Only in this case you will receive the end result - the purified windshield. Otherwise, the windows makers are considered not workable.

Recall that if the wiper, located opposite the driver's seat, does not work at all, you are forbidden to further move during rain or snowfall. In dry weather, as well as in cases where wipers work in incorrect mode, only the operation of the vehicle is prohibited.

If, with the help of wiper and windshield makers, the driver provides a normal overview of the road to himself, then such a device, as the mudguard seriously facilitates the life of the driver, riding from behind. Rubber or plastic shield behind the wheel throws back the dirt from under wheels. Moving Following the car on which there is no at least one mudguard, you will immediately feel that your windshield is polluted faster. The operation of the vehicle even with one with a missing mudguard is prohibited by paragraph 7.5 of the List. It makes no sense to postpone the elimination of this shallow, but an unpleasant malfunction, since inspection without mudguard you will not pass anyway, and until then, every day you will create inconvenience to other drivers moving with you on one road.

Other malfunctions and conditions that prevent the operation of the TC

(List of faults, section 7)

The seventh section is devoted to other elements of the vehicle design. The list of faults includes missing or broken glasses and rearview mirrors (paragraph 7.1), non-working beep, faulty body locks and cabins, fuel tank tubes, an inactive mechanism for adjusting the driver's seat, a faulty speedometer, non-working heating devices and blowing windows (paragraphs 7.2 and 7.4). Truck bodyboard must be reliably shred. Anti-theft devices provided for by the design of the vehicle must be operational. Such devices are called immobilizers - they block the steering wheel and other controls when trying to kidnap the car. However, if due to the malfunction of the immobilizer, you, the legitimate owner of the vehicle, the steering wheel in full movement, is the cause of the accident. Usually, in addition to the factory system, car owners additionally install auto alarm and other anti-theft devices. Their performance, as well as the inclusion and shutdown, is the personal case of the TC host.

Paragraph 7.6, prohibiting the movement with a trailer with a failure of a coupling device, we have already considered. First of all, it concerns road trains, and the drivers of passenger cars with a trailer must comply with the following requirement: Insurers or chains that do not allow the trailer to separate from the vehicle when the coupling device is broken, must be connected and securely secured in the places provided by the design.

Paragraphs 7.9, 7.10 List and partly paragraph 7.5 impose requirements for the availability and performance of the so-called funds passive security - belts, head restraints and rear protective device of a truck. Unlike active security tools aimed at preventing an accident, these devices reduce the severity of the consequences if the accident happened.

There are no visible defects on seat belts. They should be securely and immediately fixed when you try to dramatically pull the belt forward. Adjusting seat belts must accurately comply with the requirements of the car operation manual. If the belt once visited a serious accident, it should be replaced in a compulsory order even in the absence of external damage, otherwise it will not fulfill its functions.

Headrest, installed over the back of the seat, saves the driver and passengers from the fracture of the cervical vertebrae with a strong blow from behind, when the TC is thrown forward, and people sitting in it - back. The headrest is also subject to adjustment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

The rear protective device on passenger cars is not installed - it is used only on trucks and is a steel beam that is attached behind the car below the body level. This beam takes on the blow at the race at the rear. Thanks to the protective device, the front of the passenger car is exposed to the deformation. In such cases, the impact energy is absorbed by the bumper, the front facing and the engine (Fig. 21-6, on top). If there was no such saving beam under the body of the truck, then the blow would have accounted for the windshield, and the next moment - on the head of the driver and the front passenger (Fig. 21-6, below).

Until now, the list of faults does not include compulsory requirement for the presence of airbags, protecting the driver and passengers from hitting the steering wheel, control panel, doors and body racks. Nevertheless, such pillows were saved not one thousand lives. Therefore, it will be better if, purchasing a car, you will save on something else. Driving a car equipped with airbags, you need to remember that there is no extraneous objects on the plastic panel, which is closing the pillow. You must also clearly know that the pillows really protect the driver and passengers only when interacting with a fastened seat belt. If a person is not fastened, then a pillow, which fits for a fraction of a second with a very big force, can cause him serious injuries of the face, head and chest.

Motorcyclists have their own means of protection for an accident. Paragraphs 7.16 and 7.17 of the list require the availability and health of safety arcs that protect the motorcyclist during falling, as well as the footboard for the passenger, excluding the legs in the rear wheel, and the handles allowing it to be kept while driving.

We have already talked about the fact that the brake fluid leakage from the hydraulic system and fuel from the car power system is not allowed. Paragraph 7.13, in addition, prohibits operation when leaking any working fluids - from engine oil to electrolyte in the battery. First, the environment suffers. Secondly, without working fluids, various vehicle systems cannot function normally. Therefore, if you found on the place where your car, a characteristic puddle with rainbow divorces or a specific smell, was parked, then from the trip will have to refuse. First of all, it will be necessary to determine what, from where and with what intensity flows. After that, either you can eliminate leakage in place, or you have to cause a tow truck.

Paragraphs 7.15 and 7.18 List in additional comments do not need. Clause 7.14 concerns the TC with a gas system. Paragraphs 7.11 and 7.12 to the vehicles of category B are not related. They can be skipped or learn independently.

It remains to look at paragraphs 7.3 and 7.7 concerning additional equipment and TC equipment. Not only on the day of the passage of the inspection, but at any other time the car should be equipped with three mandatory objects: a first-aid kit equipped with a set of medicines, an emergency stop sign and a fire extinguisher with a capacity of at least 2 liters. In addition to these three positions, trucks category C and buses, having RMM more than 5 tons, are equipped with two anti-tetting stops that are led by wheels on slopes, as well as during repair.

Claims of paragraph 7.7 concerning the equipment of the vehicle do not apply to motorcycles without a side trailer for the simple reason that they do not have a place to accommodate equipment equipment. In addition, a broken motorcycle, unlike other vehicles, can always be manually roll out outside the road, and in case of fire, with the threat of an explosion of the fuel tank - to escape. Therefore, the emergency sign and fire extinguisher motorcyclist is not so needed, and medicines can be borrowed from other drivers. At the same time, if the motorcycle has a stroller, then it will have a place to store the most necessary. The most necessary in this case is the medical first aid kit and an emergency stop sign.

Primitive drivers, in addition to the listed equipment, usually carry a towing cable with them, spare wheel, jack, tool set, lantern, snow cleaning brush and sand tank (in winter time), and on long journeys - also a metal canister for fuel. Although neither in one document concerning the equipment, you will not meet the mention of these items, such a "gentlemanic set" can be very useful when solving problems arising on the road.

Many motorists are characterized by very common human weakness - they adore landscaping and decorating their favorite iron brains by the most different ways. Someone hangs up soft toys on glass, someone darkens (tinting) glass, someone indulges with catchy stickers, and some turn the outer surface of the body into a picturesque cloth. These and these actions are not prohibited if a condition is fulfilled - additional items and images do not limit the driver overview. In the previous edition of the List of faults, it was also said that they should not be injured by road participants, in particular, with an accident. For example, the running deer, who was adorned in his time the hood of the Volga car, was abolished for the reason that when he was on a pedestrian, he could apply additional injuries with his sharp horns and hooves. So before "referring" your car before, think - will your improvement be the source of additional injuries for pedestrians, passengers or for you yourself in case of an accident?

Separate note to clause 7.3 The list regulates some moments of "decorated" activities. In particular, on the rear window of the passenger car is allowed to use sunscreen curtains or blinds. But since the salon mirror will not be recorded no road furnishings behind the vehicle, and the curtain you hang out, it is necessary that the outer mirrors on the left and on the right fill the missing information. Technical regulations on the safety of wheeled vehicles, replaced outdated GOST "Glass safe for terrestrial transport. General technical conditions, "allows tinting of glasses, provided that the light-cutting windshieldThe front side glasses and glass front doors are at least 70%, which corresponds to their 30% tint. The remaining glasses can be darkened by anything, but the use of mirror tint is not allowed, since due to it can occur blinding of other participants in the sunlight by the sunlight or the headlights of another TC.

As you can see, the list of faults does not have anything to increase the comfort of the driver and passengers, if it does not arise side effects that threaten traffic safety.

Summing up this, once again we recall that the operation of the vehicle for technical reasons may be prohibited only in cases that are reflected in the list of malfunctions, and further movement - only in five specially specified situations. If your TC has a fault that the list does not mention, it is possible to ride it until you want to eliminate it yourself.

For the operation of TC with brake malfunctions, steering and coupling device, if there is no further movement, even to the place of repair or parking, the Administrative Office has been allowed to be responsible under Article 12.5.2 in the form of a fine of 500 rubles, as well as the detention of the vehicle and its evacuation on Pantry parking. For riding with other faults included in the list, the driver faces a warning or a fine of 500 rubles without detention of the vehicle (article 12.5.1 of the Code). The same punishment is provided in cases where during the operation of the engine, the amount of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere, or a permissible noise level, as well as in violation of the installed requirements for tinting glass is exceeded. This is stated in Articles 8.23 \u200b\u200band 12.5.3-1 of the Administrative Code.

Articles 12.1 and 12.2 of the Administrative Code, consisting of several parts, provide for the exploitation of unregistered vehicles and for violating the requirements for the installation and status of license plates. They provide for various fines in the range of 500 to 5,000 rubles, and for more serious violations - deprivation of rights from 1 month to 1 year.

The main provisions for the access of vehicles for the operation and responsibility of job safety officials:

1. Mechanical vehicles (except mopeds) and trailers should be registered with the traffic police ... or other bodies defined by the Government of the Russian Federation, during the term of the transit registration sign or 10 days after their acquisition or customs clearance.

3. The technical condition and equipment of vehicles involved in road traffic in a part related to road safety and environmental protection must meet the requirements of the relevant standards, rules and guidelines for their technical operation.

8. An identification marks must be installed on vehicles.

"Motor Train" - in the form of three orange lanterns ... - on trucks and wheeled tractors ... with trailers, as well as on articulated buses and trolley buses;

"Spikes"... - from behind the mechanical vehicles having included tires;

"Transportation of children"…;

"Deep driver"... - in front and behind the mechanical vehicle, managed by deaf-and-and-deep or deaf drivers;

"Training vehicle"... - in front and behind the mechanical vehicles used to teach driving (it is allowed to install a two-way sign on the roof of a car);

"Speed \u200b\u200blimit"... - on the back of the body to the left of the mechanical TCs carrying out organized transportation groups of children carrying bulky, heavy and dangerous goods, as well as in cases where the maximum vehicle speed specifications Below defined paragraphs 10.3 and 10.4 traffic rules ...;

"Dangerous cargo"

In the implementation of international transportation of dangerous goods ... - front and back of vehicles, on the sides of the tanks, as well as in cases where the lateral sides of vehicles and containers;

In the implementation of other transportation of dangerous goods ... - front and rear vehicles. The identification sign is appreciated, characterizing the dangerous properties of the transported cargo.

"Large load" - in the form of a shield ... with diagonally diagonally and white alternating stripes ... with a retroreflective surface;

"Sourgean vehicle" - in the form of an equilateral triangle with fluorescent coating of red and with a retroreflective border of yellow or red ... - from behind the mechanical vehicles, for which the manufacturer has a maximum speed of no more than 30 km / h;

"Long vehicle"... - From behind vehicles, the length of which is with a load or without cargo more than 20 m, and road trails with two or more trailers ... It is allowed to install two identical signs ... symmetrically the axis of the vehicle.

"Beginner Driver"... - Behind the mechanical vehicles (with the exception of tractors, self-propelled machines and motorcycles), driven by drivers who have the right to manage the specified vehicles of less than 2 years.

At the request of the driver, identification marks can be installed:

"Doctor"... - front and rear cars managed by drivers doctors;

"Disabled"... - front and rear of mechanical vehicles managed by persons with disabilities I and II groups carrying people with disabilities or children with disabilities.

On vehicles, an identification mark "Federal Protection Service" can be installed, which is a conditional identification sign, in the form of two lamps with lights of blue colorWorking in flashing mode, located not higher than the headlights of the near light in the front of the vehicle used to ensure the safety of state protection objects.

Car, buses, road trains, trailers, motorcycles, mopeds, tractors and other self-propelled machines, if their technical condition and equipment does not meet the requirements of the List of faults and conditions in which the operation of vehicles is prohibited ...;

Vehicles that have not passed in the state technical inspection established by the Government of the Russian Federation ...;

Vehicles equipped without appropriate permission by the identification mark "Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation", flashing beacons and (or) with special sound signals, with special color photographic schemes, inscriptions and notations that are not relevant to state standards of the Russian Federation, without reinforced places of registration signs having hidden, fake, modified numbers of nodes and aggregates or registration signs;

Vehicles whose owners did not insure their civil liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The list of faults and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited:

1.5. The parking brake system does not provide a fixed state:

Vehicles with full load - to a slope to 16% inclusive;

Passenger cars and buses in a curb state - to a slope to 23% inclusive;

Trucks and road trains in a curb state - on a slope to 31% inclusive.

2.1. The total backlash in the steering is greater than the following values:

Passenger cars and created on their base trucks and buses - 10 degrees;

Buses - 20 degrees;

Trucks - 25 degrees.

3.1. Number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external light instruments do not comply with the requirements of the vehicle design.

Note. On vehicles removed from production, it is allowed to install external lighting devices from vehicles of other brands and models.

3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST P 51709-2001.

3.3. Do not work in the installed mode or contaminated external light instruments and light rails.

3.4. There are no diffusers on light instruments or diffusers and lamps are used that do not correspond to the type of this light instrument.

3.6. The vehicle is installed:

In front - lighting devices with lights of any color, except white, yellow or orange, and retroreflective fixtures of any color, except white;

Rear - the reverse lanterns and the lighting of the state registration sign with lights of any color, except white, and other lighting devices with lights of any color, except red, yellow or orange, as well as retroreflective devices of any color, except red ...

4.1. Do not work in the installed glass wipers.

4.2. Do not work provided by the vehicle design windows.

5.1. The residual depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more:

For vehicles, categories L - 0.8 mm;

For vehicles, categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;

For vehicles, categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;

For vehicles, categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.

The residual depth of the Winter Tire Tread Treads, designed for use on an icy or snow-covered road surface, marked with a mountain peak with three peaks and snowflakes inside it, as well as marked signs "M + S", "M & S", "MS" (with The absence of wear indicators) during operation on the specified coating is no more than 4 mm.

6.1. The content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases and their smoke exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by Gost P 52033-2003 T GOST R 52160-2003.

6.5. The permissible level of external noise exceeds the values \u200b\u200bestablished by Gost P 52231-2004.

6.3. The exhaust gas release system is faulty.

6.4. The tightness of the crankcase ventilation system is broken.

7.2. Sound signal does not work.

7.4. The lock or cabin or cabin locks provided by the design of the cargo platform boards ..., fuel tube plugs, driver's seat adjustment mechanism ..., speedometer, anti-theft devices, heating devices and glass blowing.

7.3. Additional objects are installed or coatings are applied, limiting visibility from the driver's seat ...

7.7. No:

By bus, passenger and cargo vehicles, wheel tractors - medical first aid kit, fire extinguisher, sign of emergency stop according to GOST R 41.27-2001;

On trucks with a resolved maximum mass of over 3.5 tons and buses with a permitted maximum mass of Over 5 tons - the counter-type stops (must be at least two);

On a motorcycle with a side trailer - a medical first-aid kit, an emergency stop sign according to GOST R 41.272001.

Note to clause 7.3

On the top of the windshield of cars and buses can be attached transparent color films. It is allowed to use tinted glasses (except for mirror), the light transmission of which corresponds to GOST 5727-88. It is allowed to use curtains on the windows of tourist buses, as well as blinds and curtains on the rear windows of passenger cars if there are external rear-view mirrors on both sides.

7.8. Unlawful vehicle equipment by identifying the federal security service for the Russian Federation, flashing beacons and (or) with special sound signals or the presence on the outer surfaces of vehicles of special colorographic schemes, inscriptions and designations that do not meet state standards of the Russian Federation.

7.9. There are no seat belts and (or) seat headrests, if their installation is provided by the vehicle design or main positions ...

7.10. Safety belts are inoperable or have visible holes on the strap.

7.15. The State Registration Sign of the Vehicle or the method of its installation does not respond to GOST R 50577-93.

7.18. Changes were made to the design of the vehicle without the permission of the traffic police ... or other bodies defined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

7.16. On motorcycles there are no security arc design.

7.17. On motorcycles and mopeds there are no constructions of the footboard, transverse handles for passengers on the saddle.

Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses:

Article 12.1, Part 1

Transportation of a vehicle not registered in the prescribed manner

- impulse administrative fine in the amount of from 500 to 800 rubles.

Article 12.1, Part 1.1

Re-committing an administrative offense provided for in paragraph 1 of this article

Entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 5,000 rubles or deprivation of the right to manage vehicles for a period of 1 to 3 months ...

Article 12.2, Part 1

Managing the vehicle with unreadable, non-standard or violated state-owned state registration signs, except in cases provided for by Part 2 of this article.

Article 12.2, Part 2

Vehicle management without government registration signs, as well as the management of the vehicle without installed on the places of state registration signs provided for this, or the management of the vehicle with state registration signs, equipped with the use of materials that impede or impede them identify them

Article 12.2, Part 3

Installation on a vehicle Obviously false state registration signs

Entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of 2500 rubles; on officials responsible for the operation of vehicles - from 15 thousand rubles to 20 thousand rubles; on the legal entities - from 400 thousand rubles to 500 thousand rubles.

Article 12.2, Part 4

Managing a vehicle with obviously concreted state registration signs

- The deprivation of the right to control vehicles for a period of 6 to 12 months.

Note. The state registration mark is recognized as non-standard if it does not comply with the requirements established in accordance with the legislation on technical regulation, and unreadable, if from a distance of 20 meters it does not ensure reading at the dark at least one of the letters or numbers of the rear state registration sign, and in The bright time of the day at least one of the letters or numbers of the front or rear state registration sign.

Article 12.2, Part 2

Vehicle management without government registration signs, but equal to the management of the vehicle without installed on the places of state registration marks, or management of the vehicle with state registration signs, modified or equipped with the use of devices or materials that impede the identification of state registration marks or allow them to be modified or hide

The imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 5,000 rubles or deprivation of the right to manage vehicles for a period of 1 to 3 months.

Article 12.4, Part 2

Installation on the vehicle without the corresponding permission ... the identification sign "Disabled"

Entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of 5,000 rubles with confiscation of the subject of the administrative offense; on officials responsible for the operation of vehicles - 20,000 rubles with the confiscation of the subject of an administrative offense; On legal entities - 500,000 rubles with confiscation of the subject of an administrative offense.

Article 12.5, Part 4.1

Transportation of the vehicle on which is illegally installed ... identifying sign "Disabled"

Entails the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of 5,000 rubles with confiscation of the subject of an administrative offense.

Article 12.5, Part 1

Managing the vehicle in the presence of faults or conditions under which, in accordance with the main provisions for the access of vehicles and the obligations of officials to ensure road safety, the vehicle is prohibited, with the exception of faults and conditions specified in parts 2 - 7 of this article

- The warning or imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 500 rubles.

Article 12.5, Part 2

Managing a vehicle with knowingly faulty brake system (with the exception of the parking brake), steering or coupling device (as part of the train)

Article 8.23

Operation by citizens ... Car, motorcycles or other mechanical vehicles, which have the content of pollutants in emissions or the noise level produced by them when working exceeds the standards established by state standards of the Russian Federation

- The warning or imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 500 rubles.

Article 12.5, Part 3.1

Driving the vehicle on which glass is installed (including transparent color films covered by transparent), which does not comply with the requirements technical Regulations About safety of wheeled vehicles

- The imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 500 rubles.

Requirements for the state of light instruments:

Requirements for the technical condition of vehicles clearly regulate the amount, type, color and mode of operation of each light instrument. It is not allowed to dismantle external lighting devices, set additional lights that are not provided for by the TC design (except for the equipment of the TC of old issues by light devices that meet current requirements), change the color of lights and light printors, or the mode of operation of light instruments. Similar amateur can be misleading other participants in the movement or lead to their blinding. Both create prerequisites for an accident.

According to clause 3.6 of the List of faults and conditions under which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited from, on the front of the vehicle, it is allowed to install only white, yellow or orange lighting devices, and on the back - only red, yellow or orange (except for the backlight of the rear number and the reverse lamp ). Front reflectors can only be white, and the rear is only red.

Punishment for the illegal use of special signals

Administrative Code pays serious attention to the illegal use of special signals and the illegal application of color schemes of operational services. Severe punishments in the form of a fine of 5,000 rubles and deprivation of rights for a period of 1 to 2 years, provided for in Articles 12.4.2, 12.4.3 and 12.5.4 - 12.5.6, is the traffic police response to the appearance of a large number of "impostors " Note that even if you did not install special signals, did not include them while driving, but only got behind the wheel of illegally equipped vehicle, then you already threaten the deprivation of rights to long term, and for the pleasure of "coating" on the road by flasher or lilac this period further increases.

Exploiting the vehicle, you must always follow the health of all its mechanisms and devices. This is very important moment, and the negligent attitude towards this threatens to get into unpleasant situations.

The car can simply stall at the most unexpected moment. And there are such situations when, with problems of some elements, the operation of the car will be prohibited.

There are major malfunctions in which the operation of vehicles is prohibited. But it is worth remembering that in this case it is possible to continue the movement by car to the place where it can be repaired.

Often, drivers do not give much importance to small malfunctions in their car, naively believing that it can not threaten it seriously. But it is worth understanding that some of them may be a serious violation of traffic rules.

Faults under which the vehicle operation is prohibited can be conditionally divided into three groups:

Breakdowns when the operation of the vehicle is strictly prohibited. That is, the car management is a special danger to the item where the car repair will be produced, it must be delivered in a tug, or a tow truck.
Prohibition of the use of the car, but perhaps its independent movement to the repair workshop or other destination. Here we are talking about the mechanical problems of the machine.
This group includes minor malfunctions in the car, and move with them, in principle, quite acceptable. It can be non-working windows or shock absorber. That is, those elements that have no special influence on the work of the vehicle. But it should always be remembered that any, even seemingly persecuting the failure of the breakdown, may entail the consequences in the future. After all, it is unknown to what situation you can get on the road.

Therefore, it is necessary to regularly monitor the work of all devices of your car, so as not to be in the unpleasant situation at the most unexpected moment.

Well, the first two groups that are essential when driving, consider in more detail.

Categorical prohibition of the use of TC

What is the main list of faults, according to traffic rules?

First of all, it includes a brake system and steering.

Brake systems

When the brake system is defective, use the car is prohibited. This is understandable, because such a vehicle is a big risk on the roads.

If you contact the rules of the road, then it will become clear that the normally functioning the braking system should provide a car stationary on the slopes:

with full load up to 16%,
buses and passenger cars up to 23%,
freight trucks and road train up to 31%.

You can use the vehicle if:

the free course of brake pedal is reduced,
located in a non-working brake system lamp.

Steering

Another prohibiting point for using the vehicle. There are special indicators for which operation is prohibited.

If the overall back of the steering will exceed the following values:

for passenger cars -10,
for buses - 20,
for truck cars - 25.

In addition to these indicators, a few more points are identified when you cannot use the car:

Faulty external lighting devices

This indicator is in the dark and with poor visibility, since such a movement will carry a direct threat and other road users.

It is necessary to know that the number of all devices must match the design of the car.

The prohibition will be in the following cases:

external lighting devices are contaminated,
headlight adjustment with violations
there is no diffusers, or they are not suitable for a specific type of headlights.
no rear overall lights.

If fog lights are not installed on the machine, then the movement will not be prohibited.

Non-working coupling device.

Treat the moment can, those cars that are used with the trailer.

Inactive wiper and washers

A violation will be only its malfunction from the driver and in the period when it has a need. That is, if it comes to snowfall or severe rain. Then there will be no visibility of the carriageway, and this is dangerous for both the motorist itself and for other transport owners.

With these problems, the TC becomes a source of danger on the road. And any movement of the car can provoke adverse effects. No matter how carefully the motorist was not moved, he could hardly affect the road situation.

When violating these rules, penalties can be imposed on the removal of license plates from the car. But the worst prospect is the high probability of getting into an accident.

Mechanical damage

If such faults occur, it is allowed to independently deliver their transport to the destination, but following the required security measures.

What applies to this breakdown:

Significant wear tire protector, or other malfunctions, namely:

damage to the tire when it becomes visible cord,
tire Frame began to smell,
began delay tire tread.

It is also worth remembering that it is not allowed to install tires with a different tread pattern on one axis. And also combine rubber with spikes and without them.

Engine. It is impossible to use the machine if the content of harmful substances are too high in the exhaust gases, significantly exceeding the allowable norm. And also if there is a level of noise published.

In addition to those named, other problems prohibiting its operation can occur in the vehicle:

problems with the work of the handbrake,
inappropriate quality or complete absence Safety belts
fault of the audio signal
faulty speedometer (if there is no possibility to eliminate this problem in place, then with extreme caution, it is necessary to proceed to the repair workshop),
if there is no first aid kit or an emergency stop sign (it does not affect the work of the car, but according to the legislation should be available),
if the mechanisms of glass heating failed,
when it is impossible to adjust the driver's seat, this device stopped working,
if the pointer is broken, and it is impossible to see the coolant temperature.

If the car, during movement or parking, is a threat to pedestrians and transport, infrastructure or environmental objects, its operation must be prohibited. Among the causes of the incident on the road, after driving and control errors, the car malfunction is in third place.

Annex to the main provisions for the admission of vehicles to operate and the responsibilities of road safety officials are given detailed decoding, which faults are prohibited from the operation of the car. Any car can be stopped, examined, and in case of identifying the facts of faults of the nodes of the machine responsible for the safety of the movement, the operation will be prohibited.

Cases of faults under which the operation of the car is prohibited is given in the State Standard of the Russian Federation P51709-2001.

We list in descending order of potential hazard. Technical malfunctions of the car under which operation is prohibited:

car braking systems;
machine control tools;
lighting and lighting devices;
windshield cleaning group;
autoresina, discs;
motor installation and transmission;
other.

The effectiveness of the machine braking mechanisms

The first point in the informal fault rating, with which the operation may be prohibited - a malfunction, or the low ability of the main brake system to stop the car. GOST R 51709-2001 requires that the efficiency of transporting transport moving at a speed of 40 km / h and before the stop, provided the passage of not more than:

When slowing the machine, the efficiency of triggering brakes on the left and right side of the axis is monitored. The difference in the magnitude of the inhibitory effort should not be greater than 20%. With large values, the brake malfunction and the operation of the car will be prohibited. The car should not get out of the corridor 3M width, leave traces of drift or Uza. Machines equipped with anti-lock system are additionally checked for the correctness of the ABS and its high-speed interval.

Additional braking systems, parking brake

If when using the engine braking system does not provide a fixed position of the vehicle with a maximum allowed mass on a platform with a slope of 16%, then its operation will be prohibited.

In the conditions of the curb mass of the machine, the requirements are increasing - for trucks a limit on which an empty car with a driver and refilled tank car is held by the parking brake in stationary stateIt increases to 31%, similar to passenger and passenger transport - up to 23%.

In addition, the operation of the car will be prohibited if the control service will be recognized as unsatisfactory condition of pneumatic and hydraulic hoses, the presence of traces and spots leaving the brake fluid on brake calipers, its fifth in the highway connection nodes. For brake systemsequipped with a pneumatic actuator and receiver additionally checks the speed of air pressure drop. The presence of a technical malfunction that prevents the further operation of the car, if the air pressure fell by 0.5 atm. in 30 minutes in free state and for 15min. Under the conditions of the brake drive included.

Steering directly provides safe movement and machine control, therefore, along with brakes, controlled first. The main requirement is the backlash or the total clearance in the steering mechanisms should not exceed:

10 o in passenger cars and vehicles designed on their basis;
20 o buses;
25 o in cargo cars.

Attention! The presence of a malfunction will be recognized in which the operation of the machine will be prohibited if the steering wheel is spontaneously rotated when the amplifier is turned on and a fixed vehicle.

The steering malfunction is easily "calculated" by watching the car's movement, even at low speeds, as a result, the operation of the machine can be prohibited at the first meeting with the traffic police inspector. It is necessarily checked the condition of the steering amplifier, the presence of nutrition nuts and the lack of hollows of the beats in the hinges of the steering and arm rings.

Light devices Devices and glasses cleaners

The malfunction of the light of the car or normally functioning wipers, at first glance, does not create special problems for safely operating it on the road. Many drivers do not notice the deviations in their work and continue to operate a car long enough when lighting devices malfunction.

First of all, the working condition of the light bulbs and reflectors in the structures of the headlights, turn signs, the presence of changes affecting their operation, equipment of the machine with lanterns and lighting devices that interfere with and disinforming road participants. The desire to increase the lights of the headlight leads to the installation of more powerful, not designed for this design of optics, lamps and lamps, despite the fact that it is prohibited to use and operate the rules of the road and is considered a malfunction. As a result, incorrect adjustment of the direction of light and blinding drivers when moving at night.

In addition to the malfunction in the work of light instruments, the ability to evaluate the situation on the road during the movement is influenced by such secondary, at first glance, devices like wipers and windows. Starting from early autumn and to spring, a large number of rains and snow make the operation of the car at intensive precipitation is impossible. The windshield cleaning system should provide a normal spraying of the washing fluid and 35 full double passes of brushes per minute.

Movement Installation, Wheels and Autoresina

The operation of the car will be prohibited if the tires on the same axis have different patterns, differ in rubber type - diagonal or radial, the new tire is used in a pair with restored. The treads and sidewalls of the tires, hernia, the seal of the Cord are not allowed - everything that can lead to a malfunction of the cylinder during operation, it does not matter - the main wheel or spare. Prohibited rubber operation at the height of the tread:

In addition to the height, the uneven tread wear is subject to control, which does not exceed 10% of the working surface of the tread or the appearance of two wear indicators in each of the two tire sections. In case the selective tread inspection establishes a malfunction, then operation will be prohibited.

It is considered a malfunction. The absence of at least one wheel attaching the wheel or the presence of cracks in the wheel disk, or discs do not meet the size and loading requirements installed by the manufacturer.

Control operation of the motor installation is carried out using gas analyzers, according to the maximum value of the content of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust exhaust gases. For diesel engines, GOST 21393 is installed, for the rest - standard 17.2.2.03. If you exceed controlled rules, the car is subject to adjusting the injection system, otherwise its operation will be prohibited.

Additional design elements requirements

Prohibited car operation, if:

due to the lack of a rear view mirror, tinting, stickers, foreign objects, the driver is difficult to review the situation around the car;
a beep does not work or its function is transmitted to another device;
faulty doors and hood locks;
faulty devices located on the control panel;
there are no seat belts.

In addition to listed nodes, the presence of first aid kit, fire extinguisher, towing cable, emergency stop sign.