The washers provided by the design do not work. Malfunctions of electrical equipment in which traffic rules prohibit the operation of vehicles

This List establishes malfunctions of cars, buses, road trains, trailers, motorcycles, mopeds, tractors, other self-propelled vehicles and the conditions under which their operation is prohibited. Methods for checking the given parameters are regulated by GOST R 51709-2001 "Motor vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and methods of checking".

1. Braking systems

1.1. The braking efficiency standards of the working brake system do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.

1.2. The tightness of the hydraulic brake drive is broken.

1.3. Violation of the tightness of the pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake drives causes a drop in air pressure when the engine is not running by 0.05 MPa or more in 15 minutes after they are fully activated. Compressed air leak from wheel brake chambers.

1.4. The pressure gauge of the pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake actuators does not work.

1.5. Parking brake system does not provide stationary state:

vehicles with full load - on a slope up to 16 percent inclusive;
cars and buses in running order - on a slope up to 23 percent inclusive;
trucks and road trains in running order - on a slope up to 31 percent inclusive.

2. Steering

2.1. The total steering play exceeds the following values:

Cars and trucks and buses created on their basis - 10 degrees
Buses - 20 degrees
Trucks - 25 degrees

2.2. There are movements of parts and assemblies not provided for by the design. Threaded connections not tightened or secured in a specified manner. The device for fixing the position of the steering column is inoperative.

2.3. Defective or missing design power steering or steering damper (for motorcycles).

3. External lighting devices

3.1. The number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external lighting devices do not meet the design requirements vehicle.

Note.
On vehicles out of production, it is allowed to install external lighting devices from vehicles of other brands and models.

3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.

3.3. Do not work in the established mode or external light devices and reflectors are dirty.

3.4. There are no diffusers on the lighting devices or diffusers and lamps are used that do not correspond to the type of the given lighting device.

3.5. Installation flashing beacons, the methods of their fastening and the visibility of the light signal do not meet the established requirements.

3.6. The vehicle is equipped with:

in front - lighting devices with lights of any color other than white, yellow or orange, and retroreflective devices of any color other than white;
behind - lights reverse and public coverage registration plate with lights of any color other than white, and other lighting devices with lights of any color other than red, yellow or orange, as well as retroreflective devices of any color other than red.

Note.
The provisions of this clause do not apply to state registration, distinctive and identification marks installed on vehicles.

4. Windscreen wipers and washers

4.1. The wipers do not work in the established mode.

4.2. The windshield washers provided by the vehicle design do not work.

5. Wheels and tires

5.1. The residual depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more than:

for vehicles of categories L - 0.8 mm;
for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.

Remaining tread depth winter tires intended for operation on icy or snowy road surface, marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, as well as marked with signs "M + S", "M & S", "M S" (in the absence of wear indicators), during operation on the specified surface is no more than 4 mm.

Note.
For trailers, the norms of the residual height of the tread pattern of tires are established, similar to the norms for the tires of vehicles - tractors.

5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, breaks), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, peeling of the tread and sidewalls.

5.3. There is no fastening bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disc and rims of the wheels, there are visible irregularities in the shape and size of the fastening holes.

5.4. Tires are not the correct size or load capacity for the vehicle model.

5.5. Tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and remanufactured, new and with a deep tread pattern are installed on one axle of the vehicle. The vehicle has studded and non-studded tires.

6. Engine

6.2. The tightness of the power supply system is broken.

6.3. The exhaust system is defective.

6.4. The tightness of the crankcase ventilation system is broken.

6.5. The permissible level of external noise exceeds the values established by GOST R 52231-2004

7. Other structural elements

7.1. The number, location and class of rear-view mirrors do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001, there are no glasses provided for by the design of the vehicle.

7.2. The sound signal does not work.

7.3. Additional items have been installed or coatings have been applied to limit visibility from the driver's seat.

Note.
Transparent colored films can be attached to the top of the windshield of cars and buses. It is allowed to use tinted glass (except for mirror glass), the light transmission of which complies with GOST 5727-88. It is allowed to use curtains on windows tourist buses, as well as blinds and curtains on rear windows passenger cars if there are exterior mirrors on both sides.

7.4. The locks of the body or cab doors, locks of the sides of the cargo platform, locks of the necks of tanks and fuel tank caps, the mechanism for adjusting the position of the driver's seat, the emergency door switch and the signal of the request to stop on the bus, interior lighting devices of the bus interior, emergency exits and actuators do not work them in action, a door control drive, a speedometer, a tachograph, anti-theft devices, heating and windscreen blowers.

7.5. There is no rear guard, mud aprons or mudguards provided by the design.

7.6. The towing and fifth wheel of the tractor and the trailer link are faulty, and the safety cables (chains) provided for by their design are absent or faulty. There are backlashes in the joints of the motorcycle frame with the side trailer frame.

7.7. Missing:

by bus, car and truck, wheeled tractors- a first-aid kit, a fire extinguisher, an emergency stop sign in accordance with GOST R 41.27-2001;
on trucks with a permitted maximum mass over 3.5 tons and buses with a maximum permissible weight over 5 tons - wheel chocks(must be at least two);
on a motorcycle with a side trailer - first aid kit, emergency stop sign in accordance with GOST R 41.27-2001.

7.8. Unlawful equipping of vehicles with the identification mark "Federal Security Service Russian Federation", flashing beacons and (or) special sound signals or the presence on the outer surfaces of vehicles of special color schemes, inscriptions and designations that do not meet the state standards of the Russian Federation.

7.9. There are no seat belts and (or) head restraints, if their installation is provided for by the design of the vehicle or the Basic Provisions for the Permission of Vehicles to Operate and Obligations officials for security road traffic.

7.10. The seat belts are inoperative or have visible tears on the strap.

7.11. Spare wheel holder, winch and spare wheel raising / lowering mechanism do not work. The winch ratchet does not fix the drum with the lashing rope.

7.12. The semitrailer does not have or is faulty a support device, locks for the transport position of the supports, mechanisms for raising and lowering the supports.

7.13. The tightness of the seals and connections of the engine, gearbox, final drives, rear axle, clutch, battery, cooling and air conditioning systems and additional hydraulic devices installed on the vehicle.

7.14. Technical specifications indicated on the outer surface of gas cylinders of cars and buses equipped with gas system power supply do not correspond to the data technical passport, there are no dates for the last and planned survey.

7.15. The state registration plate of the vehicle or the method of its installation does not meet GOST R 50577-93.

7.16. Motorcycles do not have safety bars provided for by the design.

7.17. On motorcycles and mopeds, there are no footpegs provided for by the design, transverse handles for passengers on the saddle.

7.18. Changes have been made to the vehicle design without the permission of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or other bodies determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Appendix to the Basic Provisions for the Admission of Vehicles to Operation

and the responsibilities of road safety officials

1. Braking systems

1.1. The braking efficiency standards of the working brake system do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.

(Clause 1.1 as amended by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2005 N 767)

1.2. The tightness of the hydraulic brake drive is broken.

1.4. The pressure gauge of the pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake actuators does not work.

1.5. The parking brake system does not ensure a stationary state:

vehicles with full load - on a slope up to 16 percent inclusive;

cars and buses in running order - on a slope up to 23 percent inclusive;

trucks and road trains in running order - on a slope up to 31 percent inclusive.

2. Steering

2.1. The total steering play exceeds the following values:

Total backlash no more than (degrees)

2.2. There are movements of parts and assemblies not provided for by the design. Threaded connections are not tightened or secured in the prescribed manner. The device for fixing the position of the steering column is inoperative.

2.3. Defective or missing design power steering or steering damper (for motorcycles).

3. External lighting devices

3.1. The number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external lighting devices do not meet the requirements of the vehicle design.

Note. On vehicles out of production, it is allowed to install external lighting devices from vehicles of other brands and models.

3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.

3.3. Do not work in the established mode or external light devices and reflectors are dirty.

3.4. There are no diffusers on the lighting devices or diffusers and lamps are used that do not correspond to the type of the given lighting device.

3.5. The installation of flashing beacons, the methods of their fastening and the visibility of the light signal do not meet the established requirements.

3.6. The vehicle is equipped with:

in front - lighting devices with lights of any color other than white, yellow or orange, and retroreflective devices of any color other than white;

behind - reversing lamps and state registration plate lighting with lights of any color other than white, and other lighting devices with lights of any color other than red, yellow or orange, as well as retroreflective devices of any color other than red.

(Clause 3.6 as amended by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 28.02.2006 N 109)

Note. The provisions of this clause do not apply to state registration, distinctive and identification marks installed on vehicles.

(the note was introduced by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2006 N 109)

4. Windscreen wipers and washers

4.1. The wipers do not work in the established mode.

4.2. The windshield washers provided by the vehicle design do not work.

5. Wheels and tires

5.1. Passenger car tires have a residual tread height of less than 1.6 mm, trucks - 1 mm, buses - 2 mm, motorcycles and mopeds - 0.8 mm.

Note. For trailers, the norms of the residual height of the tread pattern of tires are established, similar to the norms for tires of vehicles - tractors.

5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, breaks), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, peeling of the tread and sidewalls.

5.3. There is no fastening bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disc and rims of the wheels, there are visible irregularities in the shape and size of the fastening holes.

5.4. Tires are not the correct size or load capacity for the vehicle model.

5.5. Tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, studded and non-studded, frost-resistant and frost-resistant, new and remanufactured are installed on one axle of vehicles.

6. Engine

6.1. Content harmful substances in the exhaust gases and their smokiness exceed the values established by GOST R 52033-2003 and GOST R 52160-2003.

6.2. The tightness of the power supply system is broken.

6.3. The exhaust system is defective.

(as amended by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2005 N 767)

6.4. The tightness of the crankcase ventilation system is broken.

6.5. The permissible level of external noise exceeds the values established by GOST R 52231-2004.

(Clause 6.5 was introduced by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2005 N 767)

7. Other structural elements

7.1. The number, location and class of rear-view mirrors do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001, there are no glasses provided for by the design of the vehicle.

7.2. The sound signal does not work.

7.3. Additional items have been installed or coatings have been applied to limit visibility from the driver's seat.

Note. Transparent colored films can be attached to the top of the windshield of cars and buses. It is allowed to use tinted glass (except for mirror glass), the light transmission of which complies with GOST 5727-88. It is allowed to use curtains on the windows of tourist buses, as well as blinds and curtains on the rear windows of passenger cars if there are external rear-view mirrors on both sides.

7.5. There is no rear guard, mud aprons or mudguards provided by the design.

7.7. Missing:

on buses, cars and trucks, wheeled tractors - a first-aid kit, a fire extinguisher, an emergency stop sign in accordance with GOST R 41.27-99;

(as amended by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2005 N 767)

on trucks with a maximum authorized weight over 3.5 tons and buses with a maximum authorized weight over 5 tons - wheel chocks (there must be at least two);

on a motorcycle with a side trailer - a first aid kit, an emergency stop sign in accordance with GOST R 41.27-99.

(as amended by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2005 N 767)

7.8. Unlawful equipment of vehicles with the identification mark "Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation", flashing beacons and (or) special sound signals, or the presence on the outer surfaces of vehicles of special color schemes, inscriptions and designations that do not meet the state standards of the Russian Federation.

(as amended by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation of 16.02.2008 N 84)

7.9. Seat belts and head restraints are missing if their installation is provided for by the vehicle design.

7.10. The seat belts are inoperative or have visible tears on the strap.

7.11. Spare wheel holder, winch and spare wheel lifting / lowering mechanism do not work. The winch ratchet does not fix the drum with the lashing rope.

7.12. On the semitrailer there is no or faulty support device, locks of the transport position of the supports, mechanisms for raising and lowering the supports.

7.14. The technical parameters indicated on the outer surface of the gas cylinders of cars and buses equipped with a gas supply system do not correspond to the data in the technical passport, there are no dates for the last and planned survey.

7.15. The state registration plate of the vehicle or the method of its installation does not meet GOST R 50577-93.

7.16. Motorcycles do not have safety bars provided for by the design.

7.17. On motorcycles and mopeds there are no footpegs provided for by the design, transverse handles for passengers on the saddle.

Malfunctions of electrical equipment, in which the traffic rules prohibit the operation of vehicles

3.1. The number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external lighting devices does not meet the requirements of the vehicle design.

Note... On vehicles out of production, it is allowed to install external lighting devices from vehicles of other brands and models.

In other words, all headlights, sidelights, lanterns and direction indicators must exactly match what the manufacturer installs on the car.

Some additional equipment of the car is allowed at the request of its owner. You have the right to install on your car in front - two fog lights (only one per motorcycle).

Allowed to install one or two rear fog lights, if they were not provided for by the design this car, and they should only be Red.

If you install and connect to the on-board electrical circuit fog lights and lights on their own, then they should be switched on only after turning on the side lights and lighting of the car's license plate(together with them).

If your car was not factory equipped with fog lights and lamps, and you are an amateur long journeys, then we advise you to equip your car with them. I have never heard that fog lights interfered with anyone, quite the opposite, they are very helpful when driving at night and in conditions of natural whims.

3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.

If the headlights are incorrectly adjusted, you endanger all oncoming and passing drivers, as you can blind them and become the culprit in a traffic accident. It is also difficult for you to drive, because when the road is poorly lit in front of the car, the likelihood of getting into trouble increases. For example, you may not see a car standing on the side of the road or on the roadway, you may not notice a load falling from a car in front, not to mention our historical "uneven road". In short, you shouldn't joke with headlight adjustment.

3.3. Do not work in the established mode or external light devices and reflectors are dirty.

Everything is clear about the "set mode". As it is written in the manufacturer's instructions, it should work.

Reflectors are what glitters at night in the headlights on modern children's clothes and shoes, as well as on our untimely forgotten bicycle. Previously, this was also called a not entirely Russian word for reflectors. The likelihood that an intruder standing at night on the side of the road with the external lighting, but with clean reflectors will be noticed in time, increases significantly.

It is quite obvious that if the layer of dirt on the glasses of lighting devices has reached an insane thickness, then you cannot see anything in front of you, and for the rest your car turns into "invisible". In this case, it is difficult for other road users to determine dimensions and the position of your vehicle in space, which could cause a serious traffic accident. Don't become a Flying Dutchman for other drivers, especially during the dark months of the year.

If the rear lights and brake lights do not work or are dirty, then you can be "pleasantly surprised" when one of the drivers following you will "drive" into the unmarked rear of your favorite car.

3.4. There are no diffusers on the lighting devices or diffusers and lamps are used that do not correspond to the type of the given lighting device.

The diffuser must diffuse the light from the bulbs. If a "naked" lamp is shining, then the beam of light will be too unpleasant for other road users. After all, none of you like it when the room is on fire bright lamp without lampshade or plafond.

You can dazzle not only oncoming drivers (broken headlights), but also the drivers behind the cars going. If the diffuser is broken on the machine rear light or it is intact, but lamps are installed in the lantern that are brighter than they should be, then expect trouble.

Various foreign-made lamps periodically appear on sale, and some drivers try to buy and, unfortunately, install the most expensive and powerful ones. For several days they enjoy the bright light around them, but then for some reason the light becomes not so bright. This is because the blinded driver of another car "turned off" one of the lights with the bumper of his car. When purchasing spare parts for your car, do not forget to look at the manufacturer's instructions, where everything is painted - and what lamps should be, and what kind of oil is poured into the engine, what candles and wheels.

3.5. The installation of flashing beacons, the methods of their fastening and the visibility of the light signal do not meet the established requirements.

Most of the readers of this book are not threatened by beacons on their own cars. Beacons are installed by those who usually do not read such books. At the same time, it does not hurt to know that the traffic police give permission to install special light signals. If you still have to purchase a set of special signals, then it is better to do this in the same place (in the traffic police), so you will save yourself from fakes that do not meet standards.

3.6. The vehicle is equipped with:

in front - lighting devices with lights of any color other than white, yellow or orange, and retroreflective devices of any color other than white;

Note. The provisions of this clause do not apply to state registration, distinctive and identification marks installed on vehicles.

Translated into more understandable language, this means that on your machine must be:

front:

lighting fixtures - only white, yellow or orange;

reflectors - only white;

behind:

reversing lights - only white;

lanterns for illumination of the state registration plate - only white;

other lights - only red, yellow or orange;

reflectors - only red. Difference in color of lights and reflectors on your car from those approved specified paragraph, entails the prohibition of the operation of the car and the imposition of a fine.

4.1. The wipers do not work in the established mode.

If the windshield wipers do not work on the car, then a sane driver will not go on a trip even without a ban.

Indeed, even on a bright sunny day, you can find a section of a wet or dirty road, after which you cannot do without windshield wipers.

4.2. The windshield washers provided by the vehicle design do not work.

It is impossible, and even inconvenient, to drive with inoperative windshield washers during light rain, light snowfall and simply on wet road... The driver is forced to turn on the brushes "dry", which gives little effect and leads to another trouble "rubbed off" (becomes dull) windshield... Please note that due to poor visibility of the road through a dirty and dim windshield, more than one accident has occurred.

In winter, it is better to fill the glass washer reservoir special liquid that freezes at low temperatures. Then you will calmly drive on roads with clean glass, seeing the situation around, without creating problems for yourself or those around you.

7.2. The sound signal does not work.

The driver can and should use the sound signal to prevent traffic accidents in the city, and also has the right to use it when overtaking outside the city. You must not operate a car with an inoperative sound signal, as in difficult situations on the road you will be deprived of your "language" and will not be able to "talk" with other drivers and pedestrians.

It is prohibited to drive with unlit (absent) headlights and rear parking lights in the dark or in conditions insufficient visibility.

It is prohibited to drive with the windscreen wiper inoperative on the driver's side during rain or snow.

All this has already been discussed before, and, probably, one should not engage in repetition. Just do not forget to note for yourself that these malfunctions are highlighted in a red frame! This means that they belong to the group of malfunctions that have a catastrophic effect on traffic safety and cannot be neglected.

In the event of any of the listed malfunctions, the driver is obliged to immediately stop moving. If you are unable to eliminate the malfunction on the spot, then you can resume the trip only after dawn (with faulty headlights and lanterns) or after the cessation of precipitation (with a faulty wiper).

Motorcycle, passenger car and, moreover, a bus or truck- these are all means of transportation increased danger. Sitting behind the wheel, the driver of any vehicle accepts for strict execution the entire list of the requirements of the Rules relating to him. And the Rules, among other things, also require the driver to know the list of faults that affect traffic safety (or harm environment). Moreover, he not only knew, but also knew how to timely detect any of these malfunctions.

The driver is obliged to check before leaving and to ensure that it is in good working order. technical condition your vehicle.

As you can see, these are not just words, this is a requirement of the Rules - the driver is obliged to make sure that the vehicle is in good working order before each exit. Moreover, while driving, the driver must feel that something is wrong with the car, stop and figure out what exactly is wrong, and only after that make a decision whether it is possible to continue driving.

The rules have divided faults into two categories:

- There are malfunctions with which further movement is prohibited at all!

- And there are faults with which operation prohibitedvehicle! That is, you cannot go about your business, but you can drive to the house (if a malfunction is found on the road) or to the place of repair. At the same time, it is allowed to move only by taking all precautions.

Malfunctions with which further movement is prohibited.

Rules. Section 2. Clause 2.3.1. Traffic is prohibited if:

1. The service brake system is faulty.

2. Defective steering.

3. Defective hitch (when driving with a trailer).

4. Headlights and rear lights do not light or are missing parking lights(when driving in the dark or in conditions of insufficient visibility).

5. The driver's side wiper does not work (during rain or snow).

As you can see, there are only five such faults. And it's easy to remember them.

1. If the service brake system is faulty!

Seasoned drivers joke gloomily: "Brakes and jail start with one letter."

2. If the steering is faulty.

Agree - about which further movement it is possible to think if the car does not obey the steering wheel. In this situation, there is only one way out - to call a tow truck.

3. If the coupling device is defective!

It is a towing hitch designed for towing trailers. As applied to a passenger car, this is a well-known device called a forkop - a coupling ball with a diameter of 50 mm, onto which a counter head is attached, mounted on the drawbar of the trailer.

4. If the headlights and taillights are off or missing!

If this trouble happened to you during the day in clear weather, you can drive to the nearest car service with all safety precautions.

If this happened at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, you need to move the car out of the road and wait for dawn.

5. If the driver's side wiper does not work!

When it is raining or snowing and the wiper is not working, you cannot see anything. Therefore, the Rules in this case naturally prohibit further movement.

As soon as the rain (or snowfall) stops, you can continue driving (but only to your home or to the nearest car service, and with all safety precautions).

The thin booklet "Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation", in addition to the actual Rules, includes several more documents. In particular, immediately after “ Road markings»There is a document with a very long title:

BASIC PROVISIONS

on the admission of vehicles to operation

and the responsibilities of road safety officials.

Basic Provisions". There is no point in retelling the text of the Basic Provisions here, you can read it yourself, it does not require any special commentary. I will just ask you a few questions so that you can assess the degree of relevance of this document, which is an integral part of the Rules.

The "Fundamentals" has an Appendix and also with a long title:

SCROLL

malfunctions and conditions,

under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited.

Hereinafter, for brevity, we will refer to this document as “ List of faults" or simply " Scroll". Here, in fact, with this "List" we now have to figure it out.

Acquaintance with this "List" assumes that the reader knows well the device of the car. And, in fact, it is not even harmful for the driver to know the device of the car, to put it mildly. But I will proceed from the fact that not every one of you was given this "Chinese letter" successfully.

At a minimum, it is necessary to learn how to distinguish between faults, affecting safety , from everyone else.

Faults affecting safety.

Ask yourself, is it allowed to operate the car, for example, with a disabled sound signal? That is, does the inoperative sound signal affect safety? And answer yourself - also how it affects! After all, the sound signal is intended for cases when it is necessary to prevent an accident!

Or the driver's seat adjustment mechanism does not work, and it is inconvenient to drive. This is dangerous? Of course it's dangerous. This means that the operation of a car with such a malfunction is prohibited!

Or the speedometer failed while driving, and now, while fulfilling the requirements of the Rules, the driver can estimate the speed of movement only "by eye". Does this affect safety? Of course it does.

Or it turned out that the rear window is not heated and, moreover, the "stove" does not work. Well, in the summer, when the weather is clear, it is useless. But then it started raining, the passengers in the cabin, everyone was breathing, and the windows instantly fogged up. This is dangerous? Certainly dangerous. And, therefore, with such a malfunction, you need to move not about your business, but to the nearest car service - the operation of the car is prohibited!

Or here's another malfunction - the windshield washers or wipers do not work in the established mode. That is, the "sprinkler", although it splashes, but not so and in the wrong place, and the "wipers" sometimes clean, sometimes do not clean. Or they clean it, but very slowly. And again - in clear weather, it doesn't matter. But on the road, the situation sometimes changes instantly - an irrigation machine has passed in the opposite direction, and now, while your windshield wipers cope, half a block will have to move blindly. And the Rules quite rightly require that it is prohibited to operate the machine with such a malfunction!

Malfunctions not affecting safety.

Let's imagine that the window regulator suddenly fails. In fact, if at least one glass is stuck in the open position and does not want to rise, and it happens during rain or snowfall, or in severe frost, then I would think that this also affects safety. But the authors of the List do not think so. They believe that it only affects comfort. And you have to agree with that if you don't want to make mistakes on the exam.

If the engine starts poorly, or does not develop the required power, or differs increased consumption fuel, then the authors of the "List" are absolutely right - it does not affect safety, it only affects the driver's wallet. Although how to say - this, of course, affects the emotional state of the driver, and, consequently, on safety too. But these are nuances, and the authors of the "List" did not include these malfunctions among those with which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited.

You can enumerate for a long time the malfunctions that affect or do not affect safety, and try to remember all this.

But you can just connect elementary logic.

Among the faults affecting safety, of course, is anything that restricts the driver's view. Ask yourself, "Does the lack of a rearview mirror affect safety?" Also how it affects. And if there are additional objects in the cabin that limit the view? Or are the glass coated with coatings that significantly reduce the transparency of the glass? All this undoubtedly affects safety, and the List prohibits the operation of vehicles with such deficiencies.

Interestingly! The authors of the List were sympathetic to the desire of some drivers to have rear window opaque curtains or blinds. They allowed them to be installed, but only if there are exterior mirrors on both sides of the vehicle.

And again ask yourself: "Is it allowed to operate the car if the door locks are faulty"? That is, the doors either swing open on the move, and passengers fall out when cornering. Or vice versa - once closed, they no longer open, and you can get out of the car only through the window.

Or, say, the gas tank plug is faulty. It has lost its tightness, an invisible cloud of gas hovers over the neck of the gas tank all the time, and the slightest caviar is enough to fly into the air.

There is one more problem that I want to draw your attention to. This if out of order anti-theft device,provided by the design of this vehicle.

We are not talking about the anti-theft device that you supplied for a fee. This is an anti-theft device that was installed by the manufacturer during the assembly of your vehicle. As a rule, this is either an ignition lock, a steering wheel lock, or a door lock. Or both at once, and another, and the third.

So, if the anti-theft device is faulty, by design of the vehicle, then this malfunction must be eliminated. And only after that it is allowed to continue operation.

Now about the main thing - about the brakes!

The design of the car assumes the presence of at least two braking systems - a service brake system (it is activated by pressing the brake pedal) and a parking brake system ( hand brake).

When you press the brake pedal, you are just moving the piston inside the brake master cylinder. The piston, moving, displaces the brake fluid from the cylinder. And the liquid is an incompressible body, it has nowhere to go, and it flows through the hoses and pipes located under the bottom of the car to the front and rear wheels.

I repeat, fluid is an incompressible body and, therefore, how much fluid you displace from the master brake cylinder, the same volume will flow into the wheel brake cylinders. As a result, the liquid will press brake pads to the brake discs.

The more you press on the brake pedal, the more the pads are pressed against the discs. They removed the foot from the brake pedal - the pads returned to their original position.

When Malcolm Lockheed patented the hydraulic brake actuator in 1921, it was an engineering revolution. The rapid spread of this system was hampered only by the imperfection of the materials from which the sealing cuffs were made. It was impossible to ensure reliable tightness of the system, and the liquid was constantly leaking.

But this is already dangerous! Do not operate a car with a leaky brake system! True, the brake pedal is still stiff, the braking system works, but if only you find the slightest leak brake fluid, then immediately to the car service! And we move with all precautions!

Moreover, the List does not allow any leaks from anywhere - neither from the crankcase, nor from the engine power supply system, nor from the engine cooling system, nor from the gearbox, nor from the automatic transmission, nor from the battery. So, if you find even traces of only drops under your car, find out if these are your drops. And if yours, then it is necessary to eliminate the malfunction, otherwise the operation of the car is prohibited!

Now about the parking brake system.

Firstly, it is harmless to know that in most cars the handbrake does not block all four wheels, but only two rear ones. And, as a rule, manufacturers use the most primitive drive mechanism - the pads are pressed against brake drums using a system consisting of levers, rods and cables located under the bottom of the car.

The parking brake system (hand brake) is designed to hold the vehicle stationary when stopping and parking.

To test the effectiveness parking system there is a special test:

– A passenger car in running order (without a driver, passengers and cargo) must be kept stationary on a slope up to 23% inclusive.

– A passenger car at full load (with a driver, passengers and cargo) must be kept stationary on a slope up to 16% inclusive.

These numbers must be remembered. In life, they are unlikely to be useful to you, but they will be required on the exam.

In what case is the parking brake system of a passenger car considered to be in good working order?

1. It is sufficient if it ensures a stationary state of a passenger car at full load (with a driver, passengers and cargo) on a slope up to 16% inclusive.

2. It is enough if it provides a stationary state of a passenger car in running order (without a driver, passengers and cargo) on a slope up to 23% inclusive.

3. Both conditions must be met.

O braking mechanisms all. Now about the steering.

While driving, the steering wheels of the car do a daunting job. Not only do they constantly move up and down, "swallowing" the bumps in the road, but they also have to turn, obeying the will of the driver.

It is not surprising that the force from the steering wheel to the idler wheels is transmitted through a complex system of nodes and parts connected to each other by hinges having three degrees of freedom. Thanks to such hinges, the parts of the steering drive can move relative to each other in different planes.

The hinges gradually wear out, and increased play appears at the steering wheel. A completely new car also has a slight backlash, and this is normal and not dangerous. But if the backlash has exceeded 10 degrees , then with such a malfunction it is dangerous to operate a passenger car and therefore it is prohibited.

All that remains for us is to understand what “steering wheel play” is, how to detect it and how to measure it.

If you shake wheel back and forth, then you can find that at some small angle, it rotates completely freely, without effort, and the guide wheels remain stationary.

This is the backlash.

What is 10 degrees, you can, of course, measure accurately using simple devices. But the idea of a backlash of 10 degrees can be obtained "by eye".

Divide the steering wheel mentally into four sectors of 90 degrees. 90 in half - 45 degrees. 45 in half - you get 22.5 degrees. Once again, in half - it's just over 11 degrees.

It is approximately at this angle that the steering wheel is allowed to play.

Most modern passenger cars steering column adjustable in height. And after the driver has adjusted the position of the steering column "for himself", it must be firmly fixed. But if the fixing mechanism is faulty, and the column walks up and down on the go, then this is certainly dangerous.

And further. Almost everything modern cars equipped with power steering. It is thanks to this amplifier that fragile girls easily turn the steering wheel of a heavy SUV. However, the situation can change dramatically if the amplifier fails. Turning the steering wheel will become unusually difficult. And now it's already dangerous!

There can be no doubt that the performance of external lighting devices affects traffic safety.

At the same time, it practically does not matter what exactly is wrong. If only external lighting devices are faulty, it is already dangerous in itself. Well, tell me, if the headlights (or parking lights, or brake lights, or direction indicators) work absolutely fine, but they are dirty, and the fact that they work is not visible to anyone, isn't it dangerous? Or even if they are clean, but they burn dimly, or too brightly, or the lamps burn normally, but the diffuser glasses are broken or missing, or the diffusers are intact, but alien (not from this lighting device), isn't it dangerous?

And, of course, the wheels. That is, wheels and tires.

The List paid a lot of attention to something, but to the wheels. It is understandable - it is the wheels that the vehicle holds onto the road. And if it is bad to hold on, then trouble can not be avoided.

The complete wheel is a tire and wheel rim, on which the bus is actually mounted.

When you change a wheel, there isn't much to think about. I screwed the wheel bolts to the hub and that's it.

But the List says that this is not entirely true, first it is imperative to assess the state of the conical bolt-to-disk interface. At least visually.

The wheel bolts are not simple, but special. They have a special tapered chamfer. And the same counter cone is made in wheel rim... And such a conical mating just ensures that the bolt does not loosen, and the wheel does not fall off on the go.

And this is what the List says about this conical conjugation: "Operation is prohibited if the fastening bolt is missing or if there are visible irregularities in the shape and dimensions of the fastening holes."

Modern tires are very diverse. Accordingly, their operational properties may vary. And this, in turn, imposes additional responsibilities on drivers when selecting a set of tires. Wherein bad tires no, they are all good, but different in design - radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless, with different tread patterns, winter, summer, studded and non-studded.

Here we will not go into details of how tires are arranged and what distinguishes one brand from another. In order to correctly operate a car, it is enough to know the general principles.

1. The most perfect option- this is when all four wheels are exactly the same.

If tires of different sizes and designs are installed on one axle of the vehicle, different models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and frost-resistant, new and remanufactured, then ...

1. The vehicle may only be operated in summer time years and in dry weather.

2. Vehicle operation is strictly prohibited. You can only get to the place of repair or parking.

Starting from 28.07.2017, the law "On OSAGO" is in force in the Russian Federation. The document regulates the List of the most serious technical breakdowns of components and assemblies of all vehicles operating on the roads of the country.

For the attention of the readers, we give a list of faults in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited in 2019.

The need to ban the operation of the vehicle

The list provides for critical failures of units, mechanisms of all self-propelled vehicles, tractors, automobiles, buses, mopeds, motorcycles, trailers, road trains, other means of transportation and conditions, upon the occurrence of which, their operation on highways is prohibited.

Fault checking in Russia is regulated by GOST R 51709-2001... The list covers systems, units, mechanisms that most affect traffic safety and safety of people: brakes, lighting equipment, steering, engine, windshield wipers, washers.

For the braking system, restrictions when driving on highways and general roads are established if the efficiency of the brakes does not comply with GOST R 51709-2001, leakage has occurred hydraulic system brake drive, leakage of pneumohydraulic and pneumatic brake drives.

The movement of vehicles in 2019 is prohibited if the decrease in air pressure with the engine stopped is 0.05 MPa or more within 15 minutes after pressing the pedal, if compressed air comes out of brake cylinders on wheels, the pressure gauge of the pneumohydraulic or pneumatic brake drive is out of order.

You cannot operate all types of vehicles if the hand brake does not allow you to hold it motionless:

fully loaded vehicles on the plane of inclination of 16%;
buses, cars on the plane of inclination 23%;
trucks, road trains on a plane of inclination of 31%.

It is forbidden to release on highways and highways vehicles in which the total steering play exceeds:

trucks 25 mm;
buses 20 mm;
passenger cars 10 mm.

It is strictly forbidden to operate vehicles of any category and design, which have:

The installation of parts and assemblies not provided for by the design documentation has been completed.
They move within the vehicle.
The thread is not tightened to the required standard tightening torque.
Fasteners are not fixed in the manner specified by the TD.
The position of the steering column is not fixed.
There is no power steering or a steering damper for motorcycles or is broken.

The Federal Law and the List prohibit the operation of vehicles on highways and all types of highways if they do not comply with the CD:

operating mode;
location;
color spectrum;
type of construction;
the number of external lighting devices.

On previously discontinued vehicles, it is permissible to install lighting devices from other models and configurations.

The law does not permit movement of cars, motorcycles and all other vehicles on highways, in which: the headlights are adjusted in accordance with GOST R 51709-2001, reflectors and external devices lights are covered with a layer of dirt or do not perform their functions, there are no diffusers, lamps and diffusers do not correspond to the type of lighting device, the location of the flashing light, the visibility of the light signal, the method of attachment do not comply with the established standards.

Faulty washers and wipers

Exploitation of all vehicles prohibited if the wiper in a moving vehicle does not work, the windshield washer does not work.

It is prohibited to operate vehicles whose tires have a residual tread size for vehicle categories not exceeding:

category M2, M3 - 2 mm;
category M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
category N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
category L - 0.8 mm.

Transport is not allowed on working routes, which:

There are external damage to tires, holes, deep scratches, cuts, tears. From the outside you can see the cord, the delamination of the carcass, the detachment of the tread.
One or more nuts and bolts are missing. Cracked disc, wheel rim.
Violations of the configuration and dimensions of the holes for fastening the wheels are visible.
The tires of the vehicle model do not match in size or parameters permissible loads on the axis.
Tires of various dimensions, types, designs are installed on one axle. These can be: new and restored, winter and summer. It is forbidden to use tires with different tread patterns on the same axle, tubeless with tube, diagonal with radial.

Engine

It is not permissible to operate mobile vehicles with an excess of the content of harmful and toxic substances in the exhaust gases, as well as the smoke of the exhaust exceeding the standards in accordance with GOST R 52033-2003 and GOST R 52160-2003, with leaking fuel lines, a faulty waste disposal system exhaust gases, lack of crankcase ventilation, exceeding the permissible level of noise and vibration in accordance with GOST R 52231-2004.

Output

The article deals with cases in which malfunctions are prohibited from operating a car and other high-speed vehicles.

The entire list, approved by the Federal Law, contains many more items that highlight malfunctions that in one way or another affect the safety during the operation of vehicles.

It refers to sound signals, too dense tinted windshields, the quality of the trailer locks, the connection of the towing hitch.

Readers, no doubt, are interested in the question, under what malfunction is the operation of the vehicle allowed?

Legislators give a simple answer: any malfunctions not included in the federal list give the full right to operate the vehicle on all roads of the Russian Federation.