Trucks retro cars. Soviet retro trucks

Legendary lorry

True lovers of antiquity are aware of the real value and rare dignity of trucks, which have become a significant indicator of the power of mechanical engineering and the level of development of society. On the territory of modern Russia, retro trucks have a long and rich history with several ups and downs.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Russia did not have a separate industry for the production of automobiles. Only in 1908, the production of cars was mastered at the Riga Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. But until 1915, only 450 passenger cars and a few trucks were produced at this only car factory in the empire.

In 1915, the construction of five automobile factories began (Moscow, near Moscow, in Rybinsk, Yaroslavl and Rostov-on-Don), which in the first year were supposed to produce more than 3500 trucks. But history took a different path, and not a single plant was fully built until the end of the First World War.

But some of these factories became an excellent base for the development of the post-revolutionary Soviet automotive industry. In 1918, the nationalized plant "Automotive Moscow Society" began preparations for the production of the first truck based on the one and a half ton Italian FIAT-15-ter.

At the beginning of 1924, the state ordered the production of the first fully domestic truck at the AMO plant. The familiar Italian FIAT car was also taken as a basis, it was named AMO-F15. For ten years of production, more than 6 thousand trucks of this brand have been produced.

Since 1925, at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant, they began to produce trucks in small batches called Ya-3, which had a carrying capacity of three tons. For the first time, the steering wheel of this retro truck was placed on the left side, the engines were used from the American White truck. The cockpit was made of oak, and the interior was upholstered in leather. In its outdated design, the truck was produced for a short time, until 1928. After that, in Yaroslavl, the Ya-4 and Ya-5 trucks were produced, which were much improved compared to the first model. They had German engines from 70-horsepower Mercedes-Benz and 93 horsepower American Hercules YXC respectively.

Since 1932, an automobile plant in the city of Gorky joined the first two factories. At this car plant, American cars Ford-A and Ford-AA became the basis for the production of their own truck, which were slightly modified by domestic specialists and received the official name GAZ-AA, or the popular "lorry", due to the carrying capacity of 1.5 tons.

Six years later, the truck received new engine at 50 Horse power, and the new name GAZ-MM. Although outwardly the trucks did not differ, they installed on the GAZ-MM reinforced suspension and new cardan shaft... Both gorky car became the most massive trucks of the pre-war period, which were widely used in national economy and in the Red Army of the Soviet Union.

In the post-war period, the production of Soviet trucks became more active, but the classic retro trucks of the pre-war period were gradually withdrawn from production, losing to their new counterparts in speed and carrying capacity.

The Soviet auto industry attracted the attention of many. In due time on domestic cars officials and managers of large factories traveled. Today these cars are highly regarded by collectors. Rare cars are expensive and look unusual. The rating of the most retro cars from the USSR will allow you to evaluate the creative potential of designers, engineers and designers of that time.

10 retro cars from the USSR

Interesting design solutions make car collectors give crazy money for retro car THE USSR. The history of an entire era is presented in these elegant and respectable cars. The retro style attracts many. Therefore, modern millionaires consider it prestigious to collect a rare car in their garage. The beautiful ones are especially appreciated Soviet cars that remained on the run. Exclusive retro cars (photos with names can be found in the article) from the times of the USSR, produced before 1941:

GAZ-A - a car, which appeared in 1932 at the Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant. The brand existed for 4 years. During this time, more than 40,000 vehicles were produced. Such retro cars, the photos of which are presented below, did not fall into private hands. They were issued as official vehicles. The leaders of the Red Army also used cars. These models were even fitted with headquarters radios. In Leningrad, the model was actively used in taxis until 1938.

ZIS-101 - the car was produced from 1936 to 1941. at the Moscow plant. Stalin. For all the time, 8752 cars were produced. Such rare cars were owned by the heads of state and ordinary citizens. It was the most massive model executive class... At the expense of seven seats the car was used as an elite taxi on long routes. After the war, production was not restored, the car turned into a retro car, the photo can be seen below. The price depends on the configuration and appearance of the equipment. average cost starts from 300,000 rubles.

GAZ M-1 "Emka" has been produced since 1936 at car factory them. Gorky (Molotov). For 7 years of the model's existence, about 60,000 cars were produced. Such retro cars of the USSR were actively used in taxis and as official vehicles for officials. The car was considered unique, since the peak of assembly fell on the wartime. The car moved easily off-road. Its maximum power was 50 horsepower. Transport accelerated to 80 km / h in just 24 seconds. On Soviet roads, these retro cars (pictures below) met until the 70s.

Rare luxury cars produced after 1945 in the USSR

The coveted cars of officials in soviet period the following brands were considered:

Ordinary citizens of the USSR also wanted to travel by car. It is these stamps that are often used in films of the past:

Volga GAZ-21 - production was opened in 1970. Before the collapse of the USSR, this car was appreciated and loved by many high-ranking personalities. This car is considered a symbol of an entire era. The car was considered an indicator of success and prosperity, therefore, among Soviet retro cars, you involuntarily remember it as one of the first. Millions of citizens of the Soviet Union dreamed of the Volga. This transport was never sold en masse, it was received only for services to the Motherland and as a service transport. The manufacturer presented several modifications, the most popular was the "sedan".

ZAZ 965 - compact people's car which was released in 1959. This retro car looks cute and attractive. The car resembled an Italian runabout. This transport was actively used by the creators of many films to give the atmosphere of the 50s. The doors turned out to be special, they open against the course.

In those days, this solution allowed people with disabilities to use the car. But the door that opened on the move could be a real threat to human life. "Humpback" was modernized several times, it was improved not only technically, but also in terms of design. The model lasted until 1965. But on the Soviet roads she was met until the 80s.

The most expensive retro car in the USSR

"The Seagull" is a car that instantly fell in love with all officials of the government chamber. Production began in 1959, the cars were issued only as official vehicles. After two major overhauls the transport was disposed of. In the 70s, it was allowed to use the car to earn money. Transport began to be used by wedding houses and hotels. The newlyweds liked him, even now such a rarity looks advantageous in wedding photographs.

Today it is the most expensive retro car of the USSR times. Its cost depends on the state, but the price tag starts at 2,000,000 rubles. The executive class car was the dream of many Soviet citizens. But it didn’t fall into private hands. Today such a retro style is in trend, every respectable car collector dreams of buying a "Seagull". It was not for nothing that it was considered the most beautiful transport of the Soviet era.

ZIL 112-S is an auto legend of the Soviet era, the most striking example of the domestic assembly of racing vehicles. It was developed by the designers of the plant. Likhachev. In 1961, the first model of this amazing unit was built. The car accelerated to 260 km / h. Of course, we can talk endlessly about safety, only a helmet could protect from strong blows and injuries. This is really the fastest retro car. You had to love speed very much to get behind the wheel of such a transport. It is on this racing car Gennady Zharkov became the champion of the USSR in 1965. It is surprising that in those days a removable steering wheel system was developed.

Today ZIL 112-S can be seen in museums road transport... Although it is believed that some private collectors hide this unit in their garages. Such a device is undoubtedly the pride of any collection.

Why are these models the most expensive? There are several reasons:

cars are hard to find;
car design is a manifestation of the original creativity of auto engineers of that time;
in Soviet times, these cars were also valued dearly.

The Chaika and ZIL 112-S are special vehicles that have gone down in history forever.

Soviet retro cars are a collector's dream!

Soviet retro cars, photos of which are presented in this article, are considered the "pearl" of the collection of a true connoisseur of old transport. Many citizens remember how they wanted to get their cherished car. Personal transportation has always been considered an indicator of wealth. Today, these rare cars are in museums and appear in public places only thanks to professional restorers.

How much do the retro cars of the photos presented in the article cost? It all depends on the appearance and equipment of the transport. The most expensive car is the "Chaika". In perfect condition, it costs about 4,000,000 rubles.

Rare transport is a specific section for motorists. Such machines delight in their appearance... Of course in the background modern cars they look dull and dysfunctional. Anyway, Soviet cars- this is a whole era that has forever remained in history. There is nothing wrong with the fact that many so decisively want a part of that time, buying retro cars for crazy money.

January 29, 1932 at Gorky Automobile Plant the first GAZ-AA truck, the legendary "lorry", rolled off the assembly line. It became one of the first legendary Soviet trucks that our country can be proud of. Many of these cars still drive on the streets of Russia.
AMO-F-15 - the first Soviet truck
The first Soviet truck appeared in 1922. Then the small and angular AMO-F-15, created on the basis of the Italian cargo FIAT vehicle 15 Ter, which in 1917-1919 was produced at the AMO plant (current ZIL). But at the same time, the design was noticeably changed by local engineers.
The first ten copies of the AMO-F-15 took part in a demonstration on Red Square, timed to coincide with the anniversary of the Revolution. And three of them a few days later were sent to a test car rally on Russian off-road... During this long drive, the trucks showed themselves on their best side, so the plant began their serial production. In total, 6285 copies of AMO rolled off the assembly line from 1924 to 1931.

GAZ-AA - the legendary "lorry"

This car received its nickname "lorry" (and also "half-lorry") due to the carrying capacity of 1.5 tons, for which this truck was designed. Initially, GAZ-AA was created on the basis of car ford Model AA, but then upgraded several times, eventually becoming an independent vehicle.

GAZ-AA was produced from 1932 to 1950, eventually becoming one of the most massive trucks in the history of the USSR (985 thousand copies). Finest hour"Lorries" fell on the Second World War - this unpretentious, simple, but reliable truck became the main "horse" of the Red Army. Including, during the breakthrough of the Blockade of Leningrad, when relatively light "gaziks" in large quantities carried food to the besieged city on the ice of Lake Ladoga.

ZiS-5 - three-ton
Another legendary participant in the Great Patriotic War was the ZiS-5 truck (aka "three-ton", aka "Zakhar", aka "Zakhar Ivanovich").

Serial production of the ZiS-5 began in 1933. In fact, this truck became the heir to AMO-3. It was assembled entirely from domestic components, and during the war its design was simplified as much as possible - in the harsh years, quantity was more important than quality. By the way, the legendary Katyusha was also created on the basis of this truck, albeit a little modernized (officially called ZiS-6).

GAZ-51 - a truck for virgin lands
The first copy of the GAZ-51 truck was created and shown to the public back in 1940, however, the war prevented it mass production... So the serial production began only in 1946, when the country needed equipment for post-war reconstruction.

Having become the most massive truck in the country in the fifties, GAZ-51 was actively used in the development of Virgin lands - untouched fertile steppes in the north of Kazakhstan. For the participants in this "great march", he became one of the symbols of a new era, the growth of the economic power of the USSR in those years.

The successful design and rather low price turned the GAZ-51 into an export product, which Soviet Union delivered abroad. Moreover, not only to the countries of the Eastern Bloc, but also to the capitalist states.
ZiS-150 - a successful "clone" of the American truck
Outwardly, the domestic truck ZiS-150 is very similar to the American International Harvester K-7, but it cannot be considered a "clone". In fact, the American car had only a cabin - during the war, Soviet representatives were able to negotiate with the United States on the supply of body stamping presses. The technical basis of the novelty is local development and production.

At first, the body of the ZiS-150 was made partially made of wood - the country, ravaged by the war, did not have enough metal. However, over time, this flaw was corrected. The truck was produced from 1947 to 1957. A total of 771,883 units of this car were produced.

ZIL-130 - universal truck
ZIL-130 is probably the most versatile truck domestic production... On the basis of this machine, over its half-century history, not only trucks, in fact, were created, but also dump trucks, tractors, fire and snow trucks, garbage trucks, etc. The secret to this versatility is a clever design that allows for re-assignment. vehicle without changing it technical part, relatively low production cost and reliability, allowing the truck to operate for decades.

Trucks are still being produced on the ZIL-130 chassis. True, now they are called AMUR. However, hundreds of thousands of Soviet-made ZILs still drive along the roads of Russia and other countries. In total, more than three million copies of this truck were produced.

GAZ-66 - cargo off-road vehicle
GAZ-66 was created for travel under the most extreme conditions, where no other transport will pass. The four-wheel drive allows the vehicle to drive over mud, rough terrain, rocks, rocks and other unpleasant surfaces. This is the reason why the GAZ-66 has become almost the main army truck.

Why are there Soviet and Russian armies! Even the character of Jean-Claude Van Damme in the action movie "The Expendables 2" drove the GAZ-66! Isn't this true worldwide recognition?

Ural-375 - six-axle off-road vehicle
Ural-375 is another four wheel drive truck, which was massively used not only for civilian, but also for army needs. Three driving axles and huge wheels, as well as a large carrying capacity made it possible to carry on it on the worst roads and in the absence of these, not only people and goods, but even the Grad multiple launch rocket system. However, significant technical flaws, for example, unreliable, but costly Gas engine as well as problems in brake system led to the fact that the Ministry of Defense already in 1982 began to replace this truck with the Ural-4320.

In the civilian sector, the Ural-375 truck, produced before 1992, is still used in the oil and geological exploration industries.

KrAZ-255 - Ukrainian hero
KrAZ-255 is a real legend of the Ukrainian and Soviet automotive industry. During its existence (since 1967), it received from the people, probably, more nicknames than any other domestic car, for example, "bast shoe", "bast shoe" and even "moon rover". This truck is legendary about the traction power and the widespread cross-country ability of this truck. It is believed that this car can pull seven carriages loaded with coal straight along the sleepers.

Yet interesting fact – individual models KrAZ-255 can be refueled not only with gasoline, but also with kerosene. Partly because of this, it was used as a tractor at airfields. However, being the driver of this truck is a real torment (which is just the lack of a power steering!). No wonder his other nickname is "cannibal".

KamAZ - the king of Soviet trucks
In principle, to call “the main Soviet truck"You can use the KAMAZ brand itself! Indeed, since the mid-seventies, it was these machines that took over a significant part of the civilian cargo transportation in the country. And the first model produced by the plant in Naberezhnye Chelny in 1976 was KamAZ-5320.

KamAZ-5320 did not have a berth in the cockpit, which later became a branded element of this brand, but was reliable and powerful by truck... In subsequent models, such a constructive addition appeared, which turned the truck not just into a car, but into a real house on wheels.

Which took place in Louisville, Kentucky in late March and early April, not only new modern trucks were presented, but also antique retro cars presented by members of the American Historic Truck Society.

The oldest truck was the not yet refurbished International SF 46 with a six-cylinder engine and a 4-speed gearbox.

And the International 4300 Transtar Eagle tractor was completed literally two days before the opening of the exhibition.

Peterbilt 359 truck with 400 hp Caterpillar engine with. and a 15-speed gearbox made in 1986 in a classic American design - with a long "nose" and a sleeping bag.

Another "long-nosed" tractor with a 400-horsepower engine is the 1954 AutoCar DC-75. The car was quite popular in the USA in the 50s and for some time even received the nickname "King of the Roads"

Looking inside, we see that the interior of the truck is simple and laconic.

Three-axle tractor Mack B-61 1961

And one more "bulldog" - a sports two-axle Mack B-61 truck manufactured in 1964 with a turbocharged engine with a capacity of 250 hp. and 15 stepped box... Retro sports trucks are very different from modern racing trucks. Outwardly, they are very similar to ordinary cars, except that the "filling" is more powerful.

Or here's a sporty 1949 Ford with a 90-horsepower engine

Although I saw a car in war paint - Kenworth 1938 with a 6-cylinder Cummins engine with a capacity of 175 hp. This "black cat" accelerates right up to…. 70 miles an hour. The truck is still racing