The largest automotive company in the world. The largest companies in the world

If you decide to purchase a new car, then you should pay attention not only to its characteristics, but also study the information about the manufacturer. Nowadays, the overwhelming majority of enterprises are part of concerns, and do not work alone.

The term "concern" has German-English roots, but it was possible to find its origin in Latin, where the word meant "to mix". The first concern in the world was founded during the reign of the Florentine leader Cosimo Medici, who was actively involved in the transportation of goods to the countries of Africa and Asia. Once Lee Yaccoca, the famous American manager, said that in the twenty-first century, the global auto market would be controlled by only a couple of companies. In his judgments, he relied solely on world trends, so his prediction came true with the highest accuracy, although it seems to many that a large number of independent machine manufacturers work in our world. In reality, there are certain alliances, which include car manufacturers.

According to the results of the past 2015, the top 3 world concerns include the American group of companies General Motors, the German alliance Volkswagen Konzern and the largest Japanese automotive association - Toyota Motor Corporation. The GM brand was able to boast of a record level of sales, which sold about ten million cars of its "wards" brands. Let's consider which brands belong to which concerns for 2016.

General Motors: leader or bankrupt

General Motors has come a long and thorny path of its formation. For seventy-seven long years, no other automaker could surpass its sales level, although in 2009 the management filed for bankruptcy. Much has changed since then. General Motors currently includes such brands as Daewoo Alpheon, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Opel and Vauxhall Vauxhall). GM also maintains constant cooperation with such brands as Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Ferrari, Maserati, Subaru, Isuzu and Suzuki. ... The company, whose main shareholders are the Department of the Treasury and the United States of America, is confidently moving forward, developing its production and creating new, more advanced car models. The production facilities of the corporation are located in thirty-five countries, while cars are in demand in nearly two hundred countries.

One of the latest developments from General Motors is the GMC Terrain. The debut show of the updated car was carried out in the spring of 2015. However, there were no changes on the technical side, restaling only affected the external and internal designs. Also recently, the world saw the second generation of pickups GMC Canyon Extended Cab and GMC Canyon Crew Cab. In 2016, the next modernization of the car is expected to be released.

Volkswagen AG: development in spite of everything

Another world-renowned association of automobile companies is the Volkswagen concern. Few people know that the founder of the company is the German designer Ferdinand Porsche. At the end of World War II, the management of the factories passed into the hands of the British administration, and then Lower Saxony began to head the limited liability company, thanks to which the production of food products, as well as the provision of financial and logistics services, began under the well-known brand. The concern owes its current success to the excellent crisis manager Ferdinand Piëch. As of today, there are 342 Volkswagen Konzern companies, among which Volkswagen, Audi, Seat, Skoda, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini can be distinguished , Scania (Scania), Man (MAN), Porsche (Porsche), Ducati (Ducati) and so on. Despite the global crisis, in 2009 the company managed to increase its profits by selling over six million vehicles. Forty-six factories of Volkswagen produce about twenty-six and a half thousand vehicles daily.

The corporation has always been distinguished by very capacious slogans, the main of which is “Das Auto” (“This is a car”), which is both simple and provocative enough, suggesting that other vehicles cannot bear the proud title of “car”.

Spring 2015 was very fruitful for the company - in March it was presented updated station wagon Volkswagen passat Alltrack of the eighth generation, equipped with protective plates of the units, an adapted chassis with off-road modes appeared, and the towing ability was enhanced. Improvements were also made to the electronic part - the picture received from the rear-view camera is displayed on the screen, along with tips about changing the trajectory of movement. If necessary, the system itself can adjust the steering section.

The Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid has not been upgraded either - the aerodynamics of the car have improved significantly, the drag coefficient has decreased.

Toyota Motor Corporation: Drive the Dream

Among the three leaders in automobile concerns, Toyota Motor Corporation was founded the latest. Initially, the company produced looms using a patented technology, according to which, in the event of problems, the equipment had a self-shutdown function. After the sale of the patent, Sakichi Toyoda received the start-up capital for a new business. Having visited Europe and America, the Japanese were determined to develop the automotive industry in their country. The company was initially destined to succeed. Even her name was slightly corrected so that when writing in katakana, the word consisted of eight lines, and eight, as you know, is considered a lucky number. The production developed very dynamically. In 1962, the world saw the millionth car, and only ten years later - the ten millionth. By 1992, every second Sakura resident in the country had a branded car in the garage. In 2009, Toyota ended the year at a loss for the first time in fifty-nine years. Now all the difficulties are in the distant past. The cars of the brand are distinguished by ergonomics, reliability and unique design.

Toyota can brag of a collection of brands, among which Subaru and Lexus can be distinguished.

Among the largest corporations, Toyota has completed the largest amount of car restyling work in the past year. Such models as Toyota Auris, Toyota Auris Touring Sports, Toyota Auris Touring Sports Hybrid, Toyota Avensis, Toyota Avensis Wagon, Toyota Prius +, Toyota Land cruiser 200, Toyota Alphard. The premiere serial version became Toyota RAV4 Hybrid with impeccable quality technical part of power plants.

One of the world's largest automotive companies, founded in 1908 by William Durant. The company's international headquarters are located in Detroit; GM plants in nearly 120 countries employ 209,000 people.

GM and its strategic partners manufacture cars and trucks in 35 countries around the world. The divisions of General Motors, among other things, serve and sell a group of the following brands: Baojun, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC , Daewoo, Holden, Isuzu, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling.

The company produces a wide range of passenger cars and commercial vehicles under the brand names Ford, Lincoln, Mercury. Ford has a stake in the Japanese car manufacturer Mazda.

Russian subsidiary Ford (CJSC "Ford Motor Company") owns car factory in the city of Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad Region), which assembles Ford Focus and Ford Mondeo cars.

Currently, the auto concern owns such car brands as Maybach, Mercedes-Benz and Smart.

At the end of 2011, the net profit of the German automobile concern Daimler increased by 29%, amounting to a record 6.029 billion euros against 4.674 billion euros a year earlier.

Chrysler Group LLC was formed after the Italian concern Fiat completed the acquisition of Chrysler's assets on June 10, 2009.

In April 2011, the Italian manufacturer reached an agreement with Chrysler to increase its stake in the American company to 46% from 30%, and in July Fiat completed the purchase of a 7.5% stake in the Chrysler group from the Canadian and American governments, thus increasing its stake in the automaker to 53.5%.

In addition to the Volkswagen cars themselves, the group of the same name owns such car brands as "Bentley", "Bugatti", "Lamborghini", "Audi" (Audi), "Skoda" (Skoda), " Seat "(Seat) and" Scania "(Scania).

In January 2009, Volkswagen AG established Volkswagen Group Rus LLC, which merged two Russian subsidiaries, Volkswagen Group Rus and Volkswagen Rus.

Since November 2007 Volkswagen Group Rus has been producing cars in Kaluga, 170 km south-west of Moscow. Its design production capacity is 150,000 vehicles per year. The plant produces cars of the brands Volkswagen, Skoda.

Net profit of the German automotive industry volkswagen concern AG at the end of 2011 more than doubled compared to 2010 - up to 15.4 billion euros.

On February 11, 2010, an agreement was signed to establish a joint venture for the development and production of cars between Sollers and Fiat on the basis of the Sollers-Naberezhnye Chelny plant.

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abstract

The largest automotive companies in Russia and the world

Introduction

The automotive industry is one of the leading industries in the economy of developed countries. Its share in world exports of industrial consumer goods is 12.5%. The industry employs millions of people around the world. Automotive products account for nearly half of the world's oil consumption.

The automotive industry uses almost 50% of the annual production of rubber, 25% of glass and 15% of steel. Unsurprisingly, in rich countries, the auto industry accounts for about 10% of GDP.

Car production is currently carried out in almost 50 countries around the world. Moreover, more than 60% of the world production of automotive equipment belongs to Western Europe, the USA and Japan. Currently, there are more than 40 automotive companies in the world, the largest of which are: American companies - " big three»- General Motors, Ford and Chrysler; European companies - Volkswagen Group, PSA Peugeot Citroen, Renault, Fiat, BMW; Japanese companies - Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Mitsubishi, Mazda; as well as Korean - Hyundai-KIA, Daewoo.

In the last decade, the motorization of the world has been quite intensive: from 1996 to 2005. the growth rate of car production was almost double the growth rate of the population. At the same time, the average service life of the vehicle has increased. In the United States, he was in 1980-1995. increased from 6.6 to 8.5 years. Indicators of the world car fleet per 1000 people. for the 1990s. increased by almost one and a half times. In world markets, as a result of saturation with cars, a sales problem arose, which caused the need to reduce costs and, at the same time, significantly improve the design of the car itself and expand the model range.

In the period from 1997 to 2005. car production in the world increased by 20%. At the same time, the total output of Western Europe, the USA and Japan remained at the same level (38-39 million units). At the same time, their share in the global automotive industry has been constantly decreasing. In 1997, Western Europe, the United States and Japan accounted for 72% of the world's car production. By 2000, their participation decreased to 69%, by 2005 - to 62%. Production increased significantly in the largest developing countries - China, South Korea, Mexico, Brazil, India. China managed to increase its share in the global automotive industry from 3% to 8%. The share of other countries in Asia and Oceania, such as Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, increased by 4%. The countries of Central and Eastern Europe have strengthened their participation in the global car production from 5 to 6%; India - from 1 to 3%.

Among the 15 largest countries - automakers are 7 developing countries: China, South Korea, Brazil, Mexico, India, Russia, Thailand. In total, 15 leading countries - automakers account for about 87% of global car production, including 26% of cars produced in developing countries, which is 7% more than in 1997. The main importers of automotive products are the countries of the European Union, their share is 44 ,one%; 22.2% are in the United States; Canada imports 6% of the world's automotive products. Japan accounts for only 1.4% of imports of automotive products.

1. The largest car manufacturers in the world

automotive market economy

General motors

At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, GM's financial condition deteriorated significantly. On June 1, 2009, the company began filing for bankruptcy (Article 11 of the US Federal Bankruptcy Law) - a corresponding claim was filed in the Court of the Southern Federal District of New York. Under the terms of bankruptcy, the US government provided the company with about $ 30 billion, and in return received a 60% stake in the concern, the Canadian government - 12% of the shares for $ 9.5 billion, the United Auto Workers' Union (OPRAP) - 17.5% of the shares. The remaining 10.5% of the shares were divided among the largest creditors of the concern. US President Barack Obama said that the state does not plan to control GM forever and will get rid of the controlling stake as soon as the financial situation of the concern improves. As a result, on July 10, 2009, the new independent General Motors Company was established. The old GM (General Motors Corporation) was renamed Motors Liquidation Company.

It was assumed that after bankruptcy the concern will be divided into two companies, the first of which will include the most unprofitable divisions, and the second - the most profitable Chevrolet and Cadillac. In particular, in 2009 GM planned to sell the unprofitable Opel, and one of the contenders for the purchase was a consortium of Magna International and Russian Sberbank. However, in early November, GM decided to keep Opel for itself, motivating it with the emerging industry exit from the crisis and its unwillingness to leave the small car market.

In late 2010, GM held one of the largest public offerings in history. During the placement, the US and Canadian governments, which became major shareholders in bankruptcy in 2009, sold their shares for a total of $ 23.1 billion.

GM and its strategic partners manufacture cars and trucks in 35 countries around the world. The divisions of General Motors, among other things, serve and sell the group of the following brands: Baojun, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC , Daewoo, Holden, Isuzu, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling.

The largest GM markets in the world are China, USA, Brazil, UK, Germany, Canada, Italy, Russia, Mexico and Uzbekistan.

GM has been present on the Russian market since 1992. General Motors owns a car assembly plant in St. Petersburg, Shushary, opened in November 2008. GM's total investment in the production complex is estimated at $ 300 million. Construction of the plant began on June 13, 2006; at the first stage (assembly of 70,000 cars per year), the investment in the project amounted to $ 115 million. Equipment installation began in January 2008, a trial start-up of production took place in September, and the official opening of the enterprise on November 7, 2008. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev was present at the grand opening ceremony of GM Shushary.

The production capacity is 60,000 vehicles. The plant produces 4 models - Chevrolet Captiva, Chevrolet cruze, Opel Antara and Opel Astra.

In addition, General Motors is a partner of the Russian automaker AVTOVAZ in a joint venture, GM-AVTOVAZ, which produces chevrolet SUVs NIVA. CJSC GM-AVTOVAZ, founded in 2001, is the first joint automobile manufacturing enterprise in modern Russia.

In 2011, American automaker General Motors sold 9.026 million vehicles, up 7.6% from last year.

In 2011, General Motors sales in Russia amounted to 243,265 vehicles, which is 53% higher than in 2010.

The main shareholders of the company as of May 2011 are the US Department of the Treasury (35.5%), the United Auto Workers Union of the United States (OPRAP) (10.3%), Canada Gen Investments (9%).

Ford Motor Company

The company was founded in 1903 by Henry Ford, who created it after receiving $ 28,000 for business development from five investors. Ford is known for being the first in the world to use the classic car assembly line.

The first model to be widely recognized by the company was Ford model T, manufactured in 1908-1927.

In the late 1920s, the USSR leadership signed an agreement with the company to help build a car plant in Nizhny Novgorod. The first cars of the new Soviet automobile plant - GAZ-A and GAZ-AA, were licensed copies of Ford cars.

In the late 1930s, the company did not enjoy the trust of the American military due to the founder's overt pro-Nazi sympathies. In the 1930s, Ford built a production facility in Nazi Germany, which produced 12,000 tracked vehicles and 48,000 wheeled vehicles for the needs of the Wehrmacht. The head of the company was awarded the highest award of the Third Reich. However, with the entry of the United States into the Second world war the company started production army trucks and jeeps for the American troops (no longer of their own design - the Ford GPW was an adapted version of the Willys MB), acted as a subcontractor in the US tank building program.

Ford modified 6.8 liter engine internal combustion Triton V-10 of the E-450 bus to work with hydrogen in 2004. Engine power 235 HP

Internal combustion engines modified to run on hydrogen are named on english language hydrogen in an internal combustion engine (H2ICE).

The hydrogen storage tanks are supplied by the Canadian company Dynetek. The tanks hold 350 bar hydrogen gas, equivalent to 30 gallons of gasoline. The range at one filling station is 240 km.

The bus carries 12 passengers.

By August 2008, twenty hydrogen E-450s are in service in North America.

Ford is actively involved in sporting events around the world. The company has its own rally team and has been actively supplying engines for other teams.

The company produces a wide range of passenger cars and commercial vehicles under the brands Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury. Ford has a stake in the Japanese car manufacturer Mazda.

The Russian subsidiary of Ford (CJSC Ford Motor Company) owns an automobile plant in the city of Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad Region), which assembles Ford Focus and Ford Mondeo vehicles.

In February 2011, a joint venture between Ford and the Russian automaker "Sollers", Ford Sollers, was announced.

Previously, the auto concern owned brands such as Aston Martin ( Aston martin), "Jaguar" (Jaguar), "Land Rover" (Land Rover), "Volvo" (Volvo).

In the second quarter of 2007, Ford Motor Company sold the Aston Martin division to a consortium of investors for $ 848 million.

In March 2008 it became known about the sale by the concern Ford brands Jaguar and Land Rover of Indian company Tata for $ 2.3 billion.

In March 2010, Ford Motor Company sold the Swedish concern Volvo to the Chinese car company Geely for $ 1.8 billion.

At the end of 2011, Ford's net profit was $ 20.2 billion, reaching the highest level since 1998.

Sales of Ford cars in Russia in 2011 increased by 30% compared to the same period last year - up to 118,031 thousand units.

Volkswagen

Founded in 1934 in Germany. The history of the Volkswagen concern began in the fall of 1933 in one of the halls of the Kaiserhof hotel in Berlin. There were three interlocutors: Adolf Hitler (German: Adolf Hitler), Jacob Verlin (German: Jacob Werlin), a representative of Daimler-Benz, and Ferdinand Porsche (German: Ferdinand Porsche). Hitler put forward a demand: to create for the German people a strong and reliable car, worth not more than 1000 Reichsmarks. Also, the car should be assembled at a new plant that personifies the new Germany. On a piece of paper, he threw a sketch, outlined the main points of the program and asked for the name of the designer, who would be responsible for the execution of the government order. Jacob Verlin nominated Ferdinand Porsche. The future car was named “Volks-Wagen” (“people's car”).

On January 17, 1934, Ferdinand Porsche sent the blueprints for a prototype "people's car" based on the previously developed Porsche Typ 60 to the German Reich Chancellery.

In June 1934, a contract was signed between the RDA (German Reichsverband der Automobilindustrie) or the German Automobile Association, and Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH ”(Konstruktionen und Beratungen für Motoren und Fahrzeugbau) - by Ferdinand Porsche, for the development of three prototypes of the“ people's car ”. The monthly budget of the project was 20 thousand Reichsmarks with a time limit of 10 months for all developments. As the main characteristics, the following data should be taken into account: 5 seats, track width - 1200 mm, distance between axles - 2500 mm, maximum power - 26 hp, maximum speed - 3500 rpm, unloaded weight - 650 kg, selling price - 1550 Reichsmarks, maximum speed - 100 km / h, maximum ascent gradient - 30%, average fuel consumption - 8 liters per 100 km.

Despite the already existing design and experience, the need to keep within the established framework delayed the work for two years. Prototypes were not ready until September 1936: a two-door V1, a V2 convertible (commissioned by Hitler) and a four-door V3. The 50 thousand kilometers test run did not reveal any serious flaws in the cars, and Porsche was given an order for the next 30 prototypes, which were produced at the Daimler-Benz plant. Testing of new prototypes was entrusted to the DAF (German Deutsche Arbeitsfront) (German Labor Front), a Nazi trade union organization. And control over the testing and making the final decision on its results was carried out directly by the employees of the SS (German SS or Schutzstaffel).

On May 28, 1937, the Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens GmbH (Limited Liability Company for the Preparation of the German People's Car) was founded and later, on September 16, 1938, it was renamed Volkswagenwerk GmbH.

In 1939, two models were released to demonstrate the production capabilities of the plant: V38s ("test model") and V39s ("demonstration model"). They already had noticeable changes in design, such as improved door hinges and enlarged door handles, the presence of two rear windows in the cabin, etc. But, the KdF-Wagen could not become a mass-produced car due to the presence of large military orders and the outbreak of World War II.

In addition to the Volkswagen cars themselves, the group of the same name owns such car brands as Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Audi, Skoda, Skoda Seat "(Seat) and" Scania "(Scania).

In December 2009, Volkswagen acquired a 49.9% stake in Porsche for 3.9 billion euros.

In January 2009, Volkswagen AG established Volkswagen Group Rus LLC, which merged two Russian subsidiaries, Volkswagen Group Rus and Volkswagen Rus.

Since November 2007, Volkswagen Group Rus has been producing cars in Kaluga, 170 km southwest of Moscow. Its design production capacity is 150,000 vehicles per year. The plant produces cars of the brands Volkswagen, Skoda.

The net profit of the German automotive concern Volkswagen AG in 2011 more than doubled compared to 2010 - to 15.4 billion euros.

The group's revenue in 2011 increased by 25.6%, reaching 159.3 billion euros.

The company was founded by Karl Friedrich Rapp in October 1913, originally as a manufacturer aircraft engines, Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke. The district of Munich - Milbertshofen was chosen because it was close to the Flugmaschinenfabrik of Gustav Otto, a German aircraft manufacturer. Since 1929, the blue and white round BMW emblem, which is still used for convenience, is beginning to be interpreted as an aircraft propeller against a blue sky. The company currently claims that the white and blue colors in the logo are taken from the Bavarian flag.

After World War II, the powerful BMW concern found itself in a critical situation after the Second World War, largely due to the ban on the production of aircraft engines that formed the basis of its business and the destruction or occupation of the concern's plants in Munich and Eisenach by Germany's opponents in the world war. So, the Munich plant Milbertshofen, according to the decision of the American occupation forces, was subject to demolition. Like other German car companies with an industrial base destroyed by WWII, it took BMW years to re-emerge as a serious car manufacturer: it was not until 1962 that the company launched a car that allowed it to fulfill this task.

BMW's strategy in the post-war years was to try to improve matters by producing motorcycles with low power, since the Allies allowed BMW to produce motorcycles with an engine capacity of only up to 250 cc after the war. see, as well as large and comfortable sedans. However, the market conditions and the attempts made by the BMW management to restore the production of aircraft engines brought the BMW company to the very edge of the abyss and almost ended with the establishment of control over it from the eternal competitor - Mercedes-Benz.

However, the company's personnel managed to save BMW by releasing household goods and bicycles, which was reflected in the decision of the Americans to cancel the decision to demolish the plant and the subsequent permission for the production of light motorcycles. So in 1948 the R24 motorcycle from Munich became the first post-war BMW product. Like its 1930s predecessor, the R24 featured BMW's proprietary driveline, was painted black and had white stroller upholstery.

Unlike its predecessor, this product had a single-cylinder engine with a displacement of only 247 cc. cm, a much lower price, and, as a result, was much more affordable and in great demand among Germans in need of vehicles.

By 1951, BMW was producing more than 18 thousand of these motorcycles a year, which made a profit and allowed the development of a new model - the R51 with a 2-cylinder boxer engine.

At the moment, the BMW Group controls three global brands: BMW, Mini (MINI) and Rolls-Royce.

In Russia cars bMW brands assembled at the Avtotor enterprise in the Kaliningrad region.

From January to September 2011, BMW's net profit was 4.1 billion euros, which is 2 times higher than the 2010 figure of 2.032 billion euros. The automaker's revenue in the first nine months of 2011 increased by 15.4% - to 50.47 billion euros. Car sales increased 16% to 1.232 million units.

Toyota Motor

In 1933, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works set up a new division specializing in automobile manufacturing; Kiichiro Toyoda became its leader. In 1929, Kiichiro Toyoda traveled to Europe and the United States to study the automotive industry, and in 1930 he began developing gasoline-powered cars. The Japanese government strongly encouraged this initiative of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. In 1934, the company produced its first Type A engine, which was used in the first A1 passenger car in May 1935 and in the G1 truck in August 1935. The production of a passenger car model AA began in 1936. The early models resembled the already existing Dodge Power Wagon and Chevrolet models.

Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. was founded as an independent company in 1937. Despite the fact that the surname of the founders of the company sounds like Toyoda, for ease of pronunciation and as a symbol of the separation of business from family life, it was decided to give the company the name "Toyota". In Japan, the name "Toyota" (???) is considered a better name than "Toyoda" (??), since 8 is considered a lucky number, and the word "Toyota", written in katakana, consists of 8 strokes.

During World War II, the company was practically engaged only in the production of trucks for the Imperial Japanese Army. Due to the severe shortage in the then Japan, military trucks were made in the most simplified versions, for example, with one headlight. Some believe that the war ended quickly with the Allied bombing of Aichi, which destroyed Toyota factories.

After the war, in 1947, the production of commercial passenger cars of the SA model began. In 1950, a separate sales company, Toyota Motor Sales Co. (it lasted until July 1982). In April 1956, the Toyopet dealer network was established. In 1957, the Toyota Crown became the first Japanese car to be exported to America (not only to the US, but also to Brazil).

Toyota began to expand at a rapid pace in the 1960s. The first Toyota car produced outside Japan left the assembly line in April 1963 in Melbourne, Australia.

The company produces cars under the brands "Toyota" (Toyota), "Lexus" (Lexus), "Daihatsu" (Daihatsu).

In April 2005 Toyota signed an agreement with the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and the Administration of St. Petersburg on the construction of an automobile plant in the city (industrial zone of Shushary). The production was opened on December 21, 2007. In the first quarter of 2007, Toyota Motor produced and sold more vehicles for the first time than General Motors. GM has held the title of "World's Largest Automotive Manufacturer" for 76 years. But in recent years, GM, like other American automakers, experienced a crisis and was forced to cut production - the vacated market space was occupied by competitors, and primarily Toyota. April 24 japanese company reported that it produced 2.37 million vehicles in the first quarter and sold 2.35 million. Thus, for the first time, it surpassed GM, which had the corresponding indicators of 2.34 million and 2.26 million vehicles.

In May 2009, the company ended the fiscal year with a loss, something that has not happened since 1950. Net profit of the auto concern Toyota Motor Corporation for the 2010-2011 financial year (ended March 31, 2011) increased by 95% and amounted to 408.18 billion yen (5.06 billion dollars), revenue increased by 0.2% to 18.99 trillion yen ($ 235 billion).

In May 2012, Toyota took first place again, overtaking Volkswagen and General Motors.

Peugeot-Citroln PSA

The auto giant was formed by the purchase by Peugeot of a 90% stake in Citroën in 1976.

PSA Peugeot Citroën produces cars under the Peugeot and Citroën brands. Two brands, company-owned, have independent structures for market promotion and retail sales; however, the development and production of models is carried out by common departments.

The total number of personnel is 211.7 thousand people.

In 2007, the total sales of the company amounted to 3.23 million cars (in 2006 - 3.36 million), revenue amounted to 60.6 billion euros (56.5 billion euros), net profit - 885 million euros (176 million euros)

In Russia, Peugeot-Citroen, together with Mitsubishi, on April 23, 2010, launched the production of cars in the Kaluga Region with a capacity of 125 thousand units per year.

At the end of 2011, PSA's net profit fell by about half - to 588 million euros from 1.13 billion euros at the end of 2010.

For 2012 PSA Peugeot Citroën has a two-tier management system, unchanged in its structure since 1972, and inherited by the concern from Peugeot S.A. as the initiator of the merger.

The managerial level is responsible for strategic and operational management.

Top management at the end of 2011 (15 people):

Top manager - Philippe Varen.

Deputies for the main strategic directions, 3 people: Gregoire Olivier (Asia direction), Frédéric Saint-Jour (brands), Guillaume Faury (research and development).

Management committee, 6 persons: chief secretary responsible for procurement, production and technological processes, programs, human resources and quality, finance.

Renault S.A

The company was founded in France in 1898 by Louis Renault. The headquarters is in the suburbs of Paris.

Renault gained 36.8% in 1999 nissan, Nissan in turn received 15% of Renault.

The company produces cars under the brands Renault, Samsung, Dacia.

Renault in Russia owns 94.1% of the Avtoframos automobile plant. The company has been producing Renault Logan cars since 2005.

In autumn 2010, the company launched production of the Megane and Fluence models. The production uses the SKD method.

In 2008, Renault acquired a blocking stake in AvtoVAZ (25% plus one share).

In February 2012, the Renault-Nissan alliance announced its intention to increase its stake in AvtoVAZ to a controlling one.

At the end of 2011, the net profit of the French automobile concern Renault fell by 39% - to 2.14 billion euros. The manufacturer's revenue for 2011 increased by 9.4% - to 42.6 billion euros.

Nissan in the first nine months of fiscal 2012 reduced net profit by 7.75% compared to the same period in 2011 fiscal year - to 266 billion yen (3.47 billion dollars).

2. The largest automotive companies in Russia

AvtoVAZ

On July 20, 1966, after an analysis of 54 different construction sites, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Soviet government decided to build a large new automobile plant in the city of Togliatti. The preparation of the technical project was entrusted to the Italian automobile concern "Fiat". On August 15, 1966, in Moscow, the head of FIAT, Gianni Agnelli, signed a contract with the Minister of the Automotive Industry of the USSR, Alexander Tarasov, to create an automobile plant in the city of Togliatti with a full production cycle. Under the contract, the same concern was entrusted with the technological equipment of the plant, training of specialists.

On January 3, 1967, the Central Committee of the Komsomol announced the construction of the Volga Automobile Plant as an All-Union shock Komsomol construction site. Thousands of people, mostly young people, went to Togliatti to work on the construction site of the auto giant. Already on January 21, 1967, the first cubic meter of land was taken out for the construction of the first workshop of the plant - the building of auxiliary workshops (CVC).

Since 1969, the labor collectives of the plant began to form, most of them were people who built the plant. The installation of production equipment, manufactured at 844 domestic factories, 900 factories of the socialist community, by firms from Italy, Germany, France, England, the USA and other countries, continued.

On March 1, 1970, the first 10 bodies of future cars were produced by the welding shop, and on April 19, 1970, the first six VAZ-2101 Zhiguli vehicles rolled off the main assembly line of the plant, which in design basically repeated the Italian model FIAT-124, but were assembled almost completely from localized components. Interestingly, on April 15, 1970, the Volzhsky Automobile Plant was visited by Henry Ford Jr. On October 28, 1970, the first train with Zhiguli cars was sent to Moscow. Thus, with an estimated construction period of 6 years, the plant was put into operation ahead of schedule for 3 years, which allowed the USSR to save more than 1 billion Soviet rubles.

On March 24, 1971, the State Commission accepted the first stage of the Volga Automobile Plant into operation, which will produce 220 thousand cars a year. On July 16, 1971, the 100,000th car with the VAZ brand was produced. On January 10, 1972, the State Commission signed an act on the acceptance into operation of the second stage of the Volga Automobile Plant with a capacity of 220 thousand vehicles per year. The plant was officially accepted by the State Commission with an "excellent" rating on December 22, 1973 - after the release of the millionth car; By the decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, the Volga Automobile Plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In 1977 the USSR State Prize in the field of literature, art and architecture was awarded for the architecture of the Volga Automobile Plant complex.

The design capacity of the plant is 660 thousand vehicles per year. As of February 1, 2012, the design capacity of the plant is 900 thousand vehicles per year.

The production units of JSC AvtoVAZ include:

metallurgical production (MTP);

press production (PRP);

assembly and body production (SKP);

mechanical assembly production (SME);

tool production (LLC LADA INSTRUMENT);

repair and maintenance of equipment (AVTOVAZPROO LLC);

production of plastic products (PPI);

pilot industrial production (OPP);

production of molds and dies (PPSh).

The car assembly process is carried out on five conveyor lines. Each car, produced at the car plant, is tested on a car track, which is two ring tracks and separate sections with a test surface.

KAMAZ

KAMAZ (acronym for Kammsky Automobile Plant) is the largest manufacturer of diesel trucks and diesel engines in the Soviet Union and Russia, operating since 1976.

The technical design of KamAZ was developed by the Giproavtoprom institute and the KamAZ project management jointly with the leading enterprises and organizations of the USSR: the Promstroyproekt institute of the USSR State Construction Committee and Giprodvigatel (Yaroslavl).

Also, foreign firms were involved in the design of individual productions: Swindell - Dressler (Pittsburgh, USA) - technological and special parts of the foundry, Renault (France) - the project of an engine plant, Liebherr (Stuttgart, Germany) - production gearboxes.

The design of the first generation of KAMAZ 5320 vehicles and engines is built on the basis of a promising family of ZIL-170 (6x4) and ZIL-175 (4x2) vehicles developed by the Moscow Automobile Plant. I.A. Likhachev and the Yaroslavl Motor Plant in 1967-1969.

In 1974, the first engine was assembled in the experimental workshop. A year later, the assembly of power units began using temporary technology.

The first KamAZ vehicle rolled off the main assembly line on February 16, 1976 - an onboard KAMAZ-5320. This car was preserved, it was handed over to consumers, it worked for a long time in Bashkortostan, later it was bought by the museum of the plant and restored, left as a museum exhibit.

At the end of the year, on December 29, the Minister of the Automotive Industry of the USSR V.N. Polyakov approved the act on the commissioning of the first stage of the Kama complex of factories for the production of heavy trucks, previously signed by the state commission. The plan approved for a year (15,000 cars) was fulfilled ahead of schedule - in October 1977 (to the 60th anniversary of the Great October Revolution), and was exceeded by almost a third in a year (22,000).

In June 1979, the 100,000th truck rolled off the main assembly line. The growth in production at KamAZ is breaking world records and is unprecedented for the USSR.

Currently, it also manufactures buses, tractors, combines, electrical units, mini-thermal power plants and accessories. The main production is located in Naberezhnye Chelny.

In 2010, the plant launched production of agricultural and road construction equipment under the CNH brand (Case New Holland, owned by FIAT Group, is one of the world's leading manufacturers of agricultural and construction equipment). According to the agreement between KAMAZ OJSC and CNH, the joint venture CNH-KAMAZ Industrial BV, formed by CNH-KAMAZ Industrial BV, should produce up to 4000 units of equipment per year, including a family of combines with 300 hp engines, two types of tractors with 300-535 hp engines and construction equipment.

After a significant reduction in production volumes in 2009-2010, caused by the financial crisis of 2008, the plant began to increase the rate of production. In 2011, more than 45 thousand trucks were sold, which is 40% higher than in 2010.

On February 15, 2012, the 2 millionth truck rolled off the assembly line of KAMAZ. The jubilee vehicle was a model from a heavy family of trucks with increased payload - KAMAZ 6522.

In 2012 on the territory of the Repair and Tool Plant, dismantling of the repair casting production buildings (PRL) began

In 2012, the KAMAZ Group of Companies ranks 16th in the world in the production of heavy trucks. As of 2010, KAMAZ ranked 8th in the world in terms of diesel engine output.

GAZ Group "is a Russian automobile company. The headquarters is in Nizhny Novgorod. GAZ Group unites 18 manufacturing enterprises in ten regions of Russia, as well as sales and service organizations. GAZ Group produces light and medium-duty commercial vehicles, heavy trucks, buses, cars, road construction equipment, power units and auto components.

In August 2006, specialized in the production military equipment the enterprises of the GAZ Group (OJSC Arzamas Machine-Building Plant, Zavod Korpus in the city of Vyksa and OJSC Barnaultransmash) were separated into an independent enterprise - LLC Military Industrial Company - in order to ensure the division of the automotive business of Russian Machines into public ("GAZ Group") and non-public ("Military-Industrial Company") assets.

In the summer of 2006, GAZ Group acquired the British light truck company LDV Holgings (Birmingham) for $ 40.67 million. In the spring of 2009, due to a sales crisis caused, among other things, by the global economic crisis, LDV Holgings fell into bankruptcy proceedings ... As a result, at the beginning of May 2009, GAZ Group agreed to sell this company to the Malaysian car manufacturer Weststar.

In 2008, GAZ Group agreed to purchase 50% of Italian VM Motori and localize the production of its engines. The closing of the deal was to take place after approval by the antimonopoly authorities. GAZ Group also entered into an agreement with General Motors (which controls 50% of VM Motori) on the terms of joint ownership of the Italian company. In mid-2009, this deal was canceled due to the consequences of the economic crisis.

GAZ Group is divided into 6 divisions (lines of business), each of which includes manufacturing enterprises and sales organizations.

Division "Light commercial and passenger cars"

Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) - the main enterprise of the group; it accounts for more than half of the turnover of the entire GAZ Group.

Saransk dump truck plant

Division "Buses"

Pavlovsk Bus Plant (PAZ)

Kurgan Bus Plant (KAVZ)

Likinsky Bus Plant (LiAZ)

Golitsyn Bus Plant (GolAZ)

Division "Trucks"

Automobile plant "Ural"

Division "Special equipment"

Tverskoy Excavator (TVEX)

Bryansk Arsenal

"Chelyabinsk road-building machines" (CHSDM)

Zavolzhsky plant of caterpillar tractors (ZZGT)

Powertrain Division

Avtodiesel (Yaroslavl Motor Plant, YaMZ)

Yaroslavl plant

diesel equipment (YAZDA) and the Yaroslavl fuel equipment plant (YAZTA)

Ulyanovsk Motor Plant (UMP)

"Nizhny Novgorod Motors"

Automotive Components Division

Die and Mold Factory

Kanash Automobile Aggregate Plant (KAAZ)

On July 18, 2007, the United Engineering Center LLC was opened, consisting of engineering departments of 16 factories. The main site is in Nizhny Novgorod. The goal is to work together on updating the model range of GAZ Group plants

The Likhachev Plant is the oldest Russian automobile manufacturing company. Full name - Open Joint Stock Moscow Company “Plant named after I.A. Likhachev "(abbreviated - AMO ZIL). The plant was founded in 1916 as part of a government program to create an automotive industry in Russia. Within the framework of this program, it was planned to build six new automobile plants in Russia.

AMO ZIL specializes in the production of trucks with a gross weight of 6.95 tons to 14.5 tons, small buses 6.6-7.9 m long (custom production) and passenger cars executive class (production to order). 1975-1989 the plant annually assembled 195-210 thousand trucks. In the 1990s, the volume of production fell catastrophically to 7.2 thousand trucks (1996), after 2000 it increased to 22 thousand, then began to decline again. In 2009, 2.24 thousand cars were produced. From 1924 to 2009 the plant produced 7 million 870 thousand 089 trucks, 39 thousand 536 buses (in 1927-1961, 1963-1994 and from 1997) and 12 thousand 148 passenger cars (in 1936-2000 years; of which 72% - ZIS-101). In addition, in 1951-2000. 5.5 million household refrigerators were manufactured and in 1951-1959. - 3.24 million bicycles. Over 630 thousand vehicles have been exported to 51 countries of the world.

After the collapse of the USSR, the enterprise began to degrade rapidly: production capacities were destroyed, the volume of production decreased many times.

In 2004, AMO ZiL took part in the creation of AMO Plant in Jelgava (Latvia). The plant is still one of the shareholders of the company.

In 2008 AMO ZiL planned to organize a joint venture with the Chinese company Sinotruk for the production of heavy diesel trucks of the HOWO A5 and HOWO A7 brands. Due to the crisis, the project was not implemented.

In 2009 AMO ZiL (together with its branches) shipped 2,253 trucks (49.6% by 2008) and 4 buses (44.4% by 2008) to consumers. In 2009, the company's revenue amounted to RUB 2.702 billion. (74.8% by 2008).

In 2010, the company produced 1258 trucks and 5 buses (according to JSC “ASM-Holding”, AMO ZIL's own production amounted to 1106 trucks and 5 buses, as well as 125 dump trucks manufactured by CJSC SAAZ). Also in 2010, ZiL finished the production of several copies of the ZiL-410441 convertible intended for participation in ceremonies.

In 2009, an agreement was reached with Belarus on the assembly of MAZ trucks and Belarus tractors in the amount of up to 500 units at ZIL facilities. per year for the needs of the city economy of Moscow. In the course of optimization of production, the territory of the enterprise should be reduced to 62 hectares (in 1916 - 63 hectares).

In 2010, AMO ZiL resumed attempts to establish partnerships with a company from China. During the ceremonial transmission of two hybrid buses Foton Lovol as a gift to the city of Moscow, AMO ZiL and Foton Lovol signed a memorandum of understanding and expressed their desire to organize a joint venture for the production of trucks in the future.

As of 2011, the enterprise is in deep crisis, a significant part of the production area has been destroyed. New top managers of AMO ZiL are looking for a foreign partner to organize contract production of cars or to lease a production complex. The management held meetings and negotiations with representatives of the Chinese company "Sinotruk", the Italian company "FIAT", the Dutch "DAF Trucks" with a proposal to organize the production of their cars at AMO ZIL in Russia, but have not yet met with interest.

In September 2011, after a long downtime, the ZIL conveyor was restarted.

According to JSC "ASM-Holding" in 2011, AMO ZiL produced 1,199 trucks and not a single bus. Also in 2011, ZiL produced 1 copy of the ZiL-410441 convertible. At the end of 2011, the production of the Bychok family was moved to the Saratov region. at ZAO Petrovsky Plant of Auto Parts AMO ZiL. On December 26, at the CJSC PZA AMO ZiL, a ceremonial launch of an assembly line for the assembly of ZIL-5301 Bychok vehicles took place. The production of ZIL-5301 (and ZIL-4327) vehicles was moved from Moscow from the headquarters of AMO ZIL. Until the end of 2011, ZAO PZA AMO ZiL manufactured the first 3 Bychok vehicles, and in the future it intends to make its all-wheel drive subfamily ZIL-4327.

On February 15, 2012, the Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Economic Policy Andrei Sharonov said that the Moscow authorities were negotiating with Fiat about assembling cars of this brand at ZiL. According to him, South Korean car manufacturers also showed interest in the plant.

Conclusion

The acceleration of scientific and technological progress, which began at the end of the 20th century, gave rise to profound qualitative changes in the automotive industry and a technical leap in the design of the car itself. The main directions of the development of the automotive industry in recent years have become: a significant reduction in fuel consumption due to the use of new types of fuel and a decrease in vehicle weight; taking measures to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases and background noise; transition to automation of car control; increasing the comfort of the car; as well as diversification of model lines both in terms of quality and price characteristics, and in terms of functionality. car production in the world is increasing every year. At the same time, a significant part of the global production of cars is produced in Western Europe, the USA and Japan, however, in the last decade, their share in the global production of automotive products has decreased significantly, which is associated with the relocation of automotive plants to developing countries. By building cross-border chains with the rational use of local advantages, the largest TNCs are reducing the costs of car production and bringing production closer to consumption zones.

Asian brands have been showing significant activity in the global automotive markets lately, due to the stagnation of the economies of Western Europe and the United States and an increase in demand for small affordable cars.

The main exporters and importers of automotive products are the countries of the European Union (the bulk of exports and imports are carried out within the Union itself); in second place is the United States. Japan accounts for 13.4% of exports and only 1.4% of imports of automotive products.

In the face of intense competition, automotive manufacturers are uniting in alliances, consolidating their efforts to implement technical progress and meet market demands and technological requirements.

Started in the late 1990s. the acceleration of scientific and technological progress has led to qualitative changes in the automotive industry. The main directions of its development in recent years have become: reduction of fuel consumption through the use of new types of fuel and reduction of vehicle weight; reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases and background noise; increasing the level of safety and comfort of the car. All this contributed to the reduction of road traffic accidents and the number of people injured in car accidents. The automotive industry in Russia today is 16 large enterprises producing passenger cars of domestic and foreign brands. In 2010, factories located on the territory of the Russian Federation produced 1208.4 thousand passenger cars, which is approximately twice (+ 101.9%) compared to 2009. The leader of the domestic auto industry is still JSC AVTOVAZ, which in 2010 assembled 545.5 thousand cars. The largest manufacturer of foreign cars in Russia is the Kaliningrad Avtotor (170.2 thousand cars produced in 2010).

The automotive industry is not only the passenger car sector. Trucks and buses are part of the Russian automotive industry. More than 12 factories with different production capacities produce commercial vehicles of various carrying capacities and purposes. The production of trucks is highly consolidated: slightly less than 80% of vehicles are produced at three factories in the country: GAZ, KAMAZ and UAZ.

Bus production, the part of the Russian automotive industry that has been hit hardest by the crisis. In 2010, domestic enterprises produced 45.1 thousand buses, which was slightly more than half (50.9%) of the historical maximum recorded in 2008.

List of used literature

1. Automobile companies in Western Europe. NIINautoprom. M., 1982.

2. Automobile companies of America and Japan. NIINautoprom. M., 1982.

Posted on Allbest.ru

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Automotive Priorities

What are the criteria for choosing a purchase for a future car owner? They all boil down to three main ones: the provision of transport with advanced achievements of supernova information technologies, a high level of comfort in operation and the possibility of development maximum speeds... These needs are taken into account in the development of new automotive concepts by the world's largest automotive companies.

Statistical data confirm: almost 50% of the world countries have car-building complexes on their territory. 60% of the shares in this belong to the USA, Japan and Western Europe. Currently, 40 companies carry out such activities. Which of them was fortunate enough to take leading positions in the prestigious Forbes ranking?

The ranking is in accordance with the www.forbes.com list:

Table 1. Top-10 largest automotive concerns, according to Forbes from 2016

Company name	Produced brands		Number of cars produced, 2016
	Roewe C (own brand); Joint with GM: Chevrolet; Buick; Cadillac.		Up to 480,000 Shanghai GM; Up to 1 million SVAC
	Hyundai; Tucson SUV (hydrogen cell buses).	South Korea
	Nissan; Infinity.

	Ford; Lincoln; Mercury.
	MINI; Rolls-Royce.	Germany
	Baojun; Buick; Cadillac; Chevrolet; Daewoo; HoldenIsuzu; Opel; Vauxhall; Wuling.
Volkswagen Group	Bentley; Bugatti; Lamborghini; Audi; Seat; Skoda; Scania.	Germany
	Maybach; Mercedes-Benz; Smart.	Germany
	Toyota; Lexus; Daihatsu.

10th place: The Chinese are advancing with SAIC Motor

SAIC Motor is still a fairly young organization, operating since 1995. She is completely subordinate to the state.

It all started with the production of tractors, buses, and in the same line there were Phoenix executive sedans (the latter were intended for leading officials). In the 80s, a course was set to work with joint ventures, with a refusal to produce their own cars. Today, the enterprises of the organization produce a number of models of cars and heavy equipment. The corresponding components are an additional plus.

In 1984, jointly with Volkswagen, SVAC was created with equal shares of both parties.

The company is very interested in the production of hybrid vehicles. There were numerous developments of similar projects, and the direct production of the SAIC-GM-Wuling two-seat hybrid began in July 2017.

Shanghai GM is founded in 1997 with General Motors, also with equal share management.

SAIC Motor has 50 locations in Shanghai and a total of 171,395 employees. At the same time, income for 2016 amounted to $ 112.72 billion.

And here is one more material on auto-theme: how to open your own car dealership?

9th place: Hyundai Motor

It is considered the largest domestic car manufacturer. The name 현대 (現代) translates as “modernity”. Correctly pronounced "Hyundai". The organization was originally part of a group of companies in 1967.

In 1998, a competitor was acquired by korean market Kia Motors.

Now about joint projects with Russia: in St. Petersburg, in the Kamenka industrial zone, there is an enterprise for the assembly and production of products of this brand (with a capacity of 200,000 cars per year).

It is known for the release of hybrid models: the first of them was born back in 2004 (now it is most often a government order).

A little about the owners: the shareholders are Hyundai Mobis (a manufacturer of auto components) and the country's pension fund.

Today, among the financial indicators of activity, an annual income of $ 80.72 billion stands out. In total, the organization has 68,383 employees.

8th place for Nissan Motor

In addition to the Forbes list, the company, which has been operating since 1933, also ranks third among domestic Japanese automakers. It owes its birth to the fusion of Tobata Imono and Nihon Sangyo.

At first, in the 50s, the organization took on a specialization in the production of rocket engines, then there was a small transition to the shipbuilding sphere. In 1958, it was named the first major importer of cars in the United States. Until the 80s of the twentieth century, the company was engaged in modifications of Datsun cars (a brand that no longer exists today).

Today the company has offices in 20 foreign countries and 154,700 employees in the state. Annual revenue is $ 105.94 billion. Renault owns 43.3% of the shares.

7th place: Japanese company Honda Motor

The organization known as a motorcycle manufacturer is also a leader in the top 10 automotive groups.

Founded in 1948, it began with the production of piston rings in the garage. In 1963, already at the peak of the popularity of the company's motorcycles, the production of the first cars began. Today the organization operates in 14 countries of the world and has 208,399 employees in its staff. Annual profit for 2016 reached $ 127.86 billion.

The sales markets are Japan, Southeast Asia and the United States of America. The main shareholders are the Japanese Trustee Services Bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group and BlackRock.

6th place - American Ford Motor

The company is a classic example of the "American Dream": it was formed in 1903 when founder Henry Ford received $ 28,000 from five investors. For the first time in the world, it was in this company that the classic conveyor assembly was applied. The result of the work was the Ford Model T, mass production of which took place from 1908 to 1927.

Today the company is implementing innovative projects: one of them is the presentation of a 6.8-liter internal combustion engine that runs entirely on hydrogen. Work on its creation has been underway since 2004, and such an important part of the car is already used in twenty E-450 buses operating in the United States.

Cooperation with Russia has also been established: a subsidiary of Ford owns an automobile plant (Vsevolozhsk, Leningrad Region). The assembly of Focus and Mondeo models takes place here. Ford also has a stake in Japanese automaker Mazda.

Today, the company's annual revenue is $ 151.8 billion. It employs 201,000 people. In terms of property rights, 40% of the shares are owned by the Ford family, the rest can be purchased freely.

5th place: the golden mean for the BMW Group

Initially, a company with this name was created for the production of aircraft engines (1913). Associated with this is the company's logo, which is interpreted as an aircraft propeller against a sky background (but now the company's marketing service insists that the colors here are taken from the national flag of Bavaria).

Today it is difficult to imagine, but before the war the organization was in a crisis situation (the production of aircraft engines was prohibited). The situation in subsequent years was saved by the production of motorcycles. By 1951, it had grown to 18,000 units a year. This made a good profit and helped to start the development of the R51, which already has a two-cylinder engine model.

The enterprise is also represented in the Russian countryside - the assembly of vehicles of this brand takes place at the Avtotor plant, which is located in the Kaliningrad region.

The company's annual income is $ 104.16 billion. A total of 124,729 people are employed in the production. 53.3% of the shares are on sale, the rest is in the private hands of the Quandt family.

4th place: General Motors

One of largest manufacturers cars was founded back in 1908. For a long time GM held a leading position, today the company dropped out of the top three. The company's enterprises are located in more than 120 countries around the world.

Russian market the corporation began to develop since 1992, and in 2008 an assembly plant was opened in St. Petersburg (Shushary district), with a production capacity of 60,000 vehicles annually. Another trump card in joint cooperation with Russia is the partnership with the car manufacturer AVTOVAZ.

The company's annual revenue is estimated at $ 166.38 billion. The organization provides jobs for 225,000 people. The largest shareholder is the US Treasury Department.

Volkswagen in third place

The company was founded in 1934. And in a literal translation, its name means “ People's car"(" Volks-Wagen "). The place and year of birth were obliged to cooperate with the Nazi government, however, the development did not reach mass production due to large military orders from the state.

The cars of the Volkswagen concern gained popularity and recognition only later, which allowed the organization to rise to the rating of the largest manufacturers of this type of transport.

In addition, Volkswagen AG constantly makes the necessary investments: in December 2009, it acquires a 49.9% stake in Porsche for 3.9 billion euros. A little earlier, in 2007, the Russian subsidiary of Volkswagen Group Rus began production of the Skoda brand at an enterprise in Kaluga (production capacity - 150,000 vehicles per year).

Now 626,715 people work at the enterprises of the concern with an annual income of $ 240.34 billion. 56.6% of the shares are in the hands of Porsche Automobil Holding SE.

How to deliver the purchased car to the destination? You can use the services of a transport company.

Silver medalist: Daimler from Germany

The history of the creation of the organization begins in 1886 and is associated with a patent for a three-wheeled cart with a gasoline engine. And already in 1926, the merger of Benz & Cie and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft happened, which resulted in the union of Daimler-Benz AG.

The company merged directly into the concern only in 1998, changing its name to DaimlerChrysler AG. But already in 2007 the company began to bear its modern name.

Today the concern is engaged in the production of vehicles of various types of tonnage. Buses are another characteristic product of the corporation.

The company's revenue for 2016 was $ 169.54 billion. The concern employs 284488 people working at assembly plants in 17 countries. The organization owns an 11% stake in the Russian OJSC KAMAZ.

At the same time, it was in relation to this company that a major corruption scandal arose: in 2010, the United States Department of Justice brought charges of bribery of persons responsible for purchasing in 22 countries of the world (including Russia). The organization's leadership agreed with the accusations.

Shareholders of the concern:

Aabar Investments (Arab investment fund with 9.1%);
Germany - 39.9%;
other European countries - 32.3%;
USA - 21.2%;
other countries - 7.5%.

First place for the Japanese: Toyota Motor

Beginning in 1937, today Japan has become the largest automobile company in the world. Written in katakana "Toyota" (トヨタ) was considered a better version of the name than the original version of the name, because it contained 8 features, which, according to belief, was supposed to bring good luck. For the company, this high expectation has fully paid off. The organization began to develop especially rapidly in the 60s of the last century.

Today the organization employs 348,877 employees who work in the company's facilities around the world. The total annual revenue for 2016 was $ 249.9 billion. The company produces cars of the brands "Toyota", "Lexus" (Lexus), "Daihatsu" (Daihatsu).

The Master Trust Bank of Japan and Toyota Industries Corporation are considered the main owners.

So, the creation of cars is one of the leading sectors of the economy of every developed country. This can lead to another problem - the market is fed up with cars. And here there is a way out: simultaneously reduce production costs and expand the range of products.

Car companies annually produce and sell hundreds of thousands of vehicles. Moreover, their income is billions of dollars. The question naturally arises, how did they manage to achieve such success? How have the world crises affected them? Why do buyers prefer them? The answers to all these questions are in our TOP. And so, we present for you the rating of the largest automotive companies, which was created on the basis of the data they officially provided.

10. Suzuki Motor

The tenth place among the largest automobile companies is occupied by the Japanese corporation "Suzuki", which produces subcompact, compact cars, as well as sports products (boats, motorcycles, etc.). Suzuki vehicles are characterized by high cross-country ability in difficult urban conditions and off-road conditions. Globally, the company's products are sold in 190 countries. The number of cars that leave the plant annually is 900 thousand units, while the company's revenue increases by $ 26.7 billion.

9. Groupe PSA

The ninth place is occupied by the French Groupe PSA. The following brands have united under her wing: Peugeot, Opel, Citroën, Vauxhall and DS Automobiles. Buyers note the economy and representative appearance of the cars of this company. The number of cars that the plant produces in 1 year is 1.5 million units. Sales for the year are $ 60 billion. The success of the manufacturer PEUGEOT and CITROЁN has ensured the release of new models that have favorable price and original style. The range of cars includes both city sedans and crossovers. In Europe, this concern ranks second in car production.

8. Honda Motor

The well-known Japanese company Honda took the 8th place in our ranking of the largest car manufacturers in the world. Its wealth annually increases by more than $ 118 billion. There are about 33 countries in the world with 119 factories of the company. For a year, 1.54 million cars roll off the assembly line. The worldwide popularity of the brand has been ensured by technological innovations that Honda is constantly introducing into its production. Honda is one of the few auto companies that has retained its independence. The brand abandoned the modern idea of \u200b\u200bmerging into a concern. The company has sufficient potential to confidently maintain its position among the world leaders in the automotive industry.

7. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

The Italian-American manufacturer Fiat Chrysler Automobiles confidently ranks 7th among world-class auto manufacturers. The company's revenue is $ 133 billion per year. The number of cars that are produced from the plant reaches 1.6 million units per year. Representative offices of the company are located in 40 countries of the world. Fiat has collected car brands such as Chrysler, Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Jeep, Lancia, Abarth, RAM, Dodge, SRT, Ferrari and Maserati. The huge popularity of the cars of this brand was ensured by their simplicity, practicality and high functionality.

6. Ford

Ford produced 1.9 million vehicles in a year and thus took the 6th place in the ranking. This American manufacturer, which won first place in the Machine of the Century competition in 2000, generates $ 146.6 billion in revenue annually. Manufacturing, assembly and sales offices of the brand are located in 30 countries of the world. The company sells more than 70 models of cars of famous brands Ford, Mercury, Lincoln, Jaguar and Aston Martin. The manufacturer also has a stake in Mazda Motor Corporation and Kia Motors. Modern technologies, unique appearance and practicality of Ford vehicles make them highly demanded in the market.

5. General Motors

In fifth place in the ranking of the largest automakers - a corporation from America, which produces 2.15 million units of cars per year and raises its revenue by 152.4 billion dollars. For 77 years, this company has held a leading position in the automotive industry around the world. Car production is established in 32 countries of the world, and sales in 192. GM owns such car brands as Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick, GMC and Holden. Previously, under the leadership of the corporation were produced: Acadian, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Asüna, Saturn, Alpheon, Geo and Hummer. The advantages of the American company's cars include moderate cost and representative appearance.

4. Hyundai

According to the results of the first half of 2018, by the number of cars produced, the Korean company Hyundai, which owns a controlling stake, took a confident 4th place. car factory Kia... During the year, they manufactured more than 2.3 million cars and increased their income by 5.6% (compared to the previous year). There are more than 5 thousand Hyundai car dealerships in the world. Motorists choose cars of this brand because of the relatively low price and great endurance, which makes it possible for the manufacturer to optimistically assess its position in the world market.

3. Toyota Industries

The world leader in the automotive industry takes the honorable 3rd place. The manufacturer's factories are located in the USA, Canada, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia. It is one of the few companies to have topped the Forbes ranking. For the year Toyota produced 3.2 million cars. The corporation's revenues reached 235.8 billion dollars. The Japanese manufacturer has skillfully combined American prestige and European comfort in its models. The brand catalog has more than 30 copies of cars. Despite the 2014 crisis, the company received the status of the most expensive car brand in the world. The main competitor to Toyota is Volkswagen.

2. Renault – Nissan – Mitsubishi

The second place was taken by the strategic alliance of Nissan, Renault and Mitsubishi. The association managed to reach the leading position already in the first half of its existence. During the year alone, the companies produced more than 3.4 million cars of their own brands, and revenues amounted to more than 237 billion dollars. In the future, the leaders plan to achieve a sales figure of 4 million vehicles. Two Japanese and one French companies managed to achieve such success thanks to the merger of brands. So, Nissan transformed production with the transition to electric vehicles that fit perfectly into the urban style. Nissan and Mitsubishi have focused on SUVs. In order to confidently maintain the position of the leader in the automotive market, Renault and Nissan are discussing a strategy for their complete merger.