As in the case of many other automotive firms, the chronicle of Toyota began not from the release of vehicles. The history of the brand goes its roots even at the end of the 19th century, when the engineer, inventor and businessman named Sakichy Toyoda founded Toyoda Enterprise. However, perhaps that "just an engineer" and "just an inventor" is too modestly for a person, which contemporaries called the Japanese Thomas Edison and the "king of Japanese inventors."
Sakichi was born on February 14, 1867 in a poor carpenter's family. At that time, Japan experienced a painful period of modernization, and Sakichi, who grew up in a small poor village in Shizuok Prefecture, not in words, but in fact he knew what kind of difficult conditions have to live Selin. Actually, it was the heavy craft of his mother, which was engaged in weaving, promoted a young man on the accomplishment, and if more specifically, for the invention of a weaving machine a very original design. This device, by the way, subsequently became the basis of the financial well-being of the Toyoda family.
Sakici constantly improved the device of its machines and other auxiliary weaving mechanisms, and in the end, the development of the Japanese Edison became interested in the largest textile manufactory of the world - Platt Brother & Co. from the UK. The British agreed to buy patent rights to the machine, and Sakichi Toyoda's son - Kiichiro - transit through the US went to England to sign the appropriate agreement and settle all formalities.
In the courtyard stood the pre-war 1930s, and Japan is still in more than I heard agrarian than an industrial power. But the active and ambitious kiechiro was removed to change the position of things. Like many young people of the first half of the 20th century, he literally delirious cars, and a chance to look at the automotive industry of the highly developed Toyoda countries, younger was going to use the full program. Returning from "Logging", Kiechiriro completely forgot about the weaving machines that made the state of his family, - from now on and forever his only love was the car.
First heads
For a start, however, in the feasibility of the new undertaking, it was necessary to convince the Father. Fortunately, the Sakichi Toyoda approved the decision of the Son to try his strength in a fairly new business for Japan. So, having enlisted with the support of the father's concern, Kieichiro enthusiastically took up a new task.
The prototype of the first Toyota - four-door sedan with the index A1 - began to develop in 1936, and in just six months the car was ready. Agree, a very short time for the company, before that did not matter with cars. However, such rainfame can be explained by the fact that A1 was a set of standard solutions peeped, for the most part, among American brands.
Let's say concept design The chassis, as well as the gearbox and a 3,4-liter six-cylinder engine, "slipped" from Chevrolet, the body, in turn, seemed slightly reduced copy of Chrysler Airflow.
Nothing amazing. After all, it is this very progressive by the standards of the 30s, the aerodynamic sedan Kiichiro specially wrote out of the States, so that diligent Japanese engineers were able to disassemble him to the screw and understand how everything works. In addition, the appearance of Airflow turned out to be so relevant that the Japanese decided not to look for goodness. The only thing, in fact, the difference, except, of course, a reduced scale, headlights became on american car They were integrated into the front wings, on the Japanese copy of the optics across the old fashioned on top of the wings.
In total, three prototypes A1 were collected, one of which was even blessed according to Buddhist rituals. It is symbolic that the first trip on the new car Kiechiriro committed to the grave of the Father, who died shortly before that. Well, in the series a year later, almost identical model AA went.
The production has been established on a completely new plant, rebuilt in the town of Koromo (now, by the way, the settlement, where the first "Toyotovsky" plant was located, and its surroundings are patiently called Toyota City). At first, cars were sold under the name Toyoda, but Kiechiriro, oddly enough, it did not arrange too much. Not that he was ashamed of his own last name - of course not! But the fact is that in the literal translation from Japanese Toyoda means "fertile rice field". The agrarian name is not too knitted with the new brand products, and Kiechiriiro announced a competition for a new name. Having considered over 20 thousand applications, the family chose to the whole of the familiar Toyota option today - the family continuity is quite obvious, there are no associations with "fertile fields", finally the word itself is easily remembered and sounds well in different languages \u200b\u200bof the world.
Officially, Toyota Motor Corporation was registered on August 28, 1937 - while as a subsidiary in the structure of Toyoda Enterprise. Well, the production at the first plant firm began in November of the same year, and it is this solemn time that can be considered the birthday of the Japanese brand.
Falstart and new beginning
True, truly turn to the Second World Toyota did not have time. In total until 1943, the company has released 1404 sedans AA and 353 created on its base of the AB model. Even if you add to this 115 sedans of Toyota speakers represented, in fact, a slightly modified AA with a more powerful engine, the scale of production is hardly impressive.
However, we will not forget that in the years of the bloody world conflict, Toyota factory capacity mainly worked for military needs - the enterprise in the komo produced military trucks and amphibians, light intelligence all-terrain vehicles, components for combat aircraft.
At the same time, Toyota Motor Corporation was strongly lucky that the plant was practically not affected as a result of hostilities, nevertheless, in the fall of 1945, the company could not be called too enviable. However, the Japanese, accustomed to deprivation and did not think to rap. Grain crops The factory staff learned to grow directly at the surrounding territories, and military products quickly recharged under the needs of peacetime. At one time in the shops of Toyota Motor Corporation, pots and tools were collected from billets for aircraft - such a Japanese conversion.
At the same time, Kiichiro Toyoda did not think to give up the main business destination, that is, the development and release of cars. Moreover, in October 1945, that is, just a month after the surrender of Japan, Toyota engineers sat down for the drawings of the new model.
It is logical that, given the post-war ruin and poverty, it was about the extremely simple, simple and inexpensive compact car. It is curious that externally post-war Toyota is a two-door SA sedan with a 4-cylinder 1-liter motor - brushed on Volkswagen Type 1, better known as Beeetle. And not only externally - related bonds were viewed and for the first time applied on the Japanese car by the ridge frame. And yet Toyota SA, who also received a diminutive-smear nickname tooopet, then mean "Toyota-Baby", it is worth considering the independent development of the Japanese. This is evidenced by at least a classic, and not an instructor layout of the model. The small-scale release of SA began in October 1947, and Toyopet himself not only served as the basis for several serial models of the company, but also became for the Japanese pass to the highest car light.
Until now, Toyota, as well as other local automakers, had to calculate only on a rather limited volume and a very poor local market. Other options simply were not - outside the country of the rising sun at the turn of the 50s of the last century, the phrase " japanese car"It also sounded approximately funny as" Brazilian national hockey team. However, changes for the better - a lot of better - were no longer around the corner.
Above all
Today, the Japanese car is considered to be synonymous with the concept of "high-quality product", but it was not always. And it is Toyota that at one time began a crusade for a total improvement in the quality and efficiency of production.
Actually, when building a plant in a kiichiriro of Toyoda, planned to use the Just-In-Time method, in which the auto components required for the assembly were brought directly to the conveyor, bypassing storage in stock. But then, in the 1930s, these developments were not useful - relatively modest production volumes did not require special innovation. But after the war, when the release of cars began to gain momentum, the JUST-IN-Time method was remembered again.
Of course, nothing fundamentally new Toyoda invented - the converge of components to the place of assembly was practiced at the Ford plants in the 10-20th years of the last century. But the Japanese once brought a simple process to absolute perfection. It was only the first step in the policy reduction policy and improving production efficiency. The next thing became simple, but an extremely effective technique, spied in the textile past of the brand.
At the beginning of the 50s, Taichi, it, the managing shops of the final assembly of cars at the factory in Koromo, remembered one characteristics of the company's spinning machines - with a random cliff, they independently turned off. This made it possible to significantly reduce the amount of defective tissues. Of course, the car conveyor is not a weaving machine - in those days it was automated only partially, and manual labor was used quite wide. But Taichi found a way to apply the "textile chip" on automotive production. The Jidoka principle proposed by it is that translated from Japanese means something like "Automation with a human face", implied the increased responsibility of each employee of the plant. If the worker noticed the defective part or the wrong component, it could, or rather, it was even obliged to pull for a special cord, the so-called "Andon", and stop the conveyor belt. Thus, the marriage was revealed at an early stage of production and was eliminated with minimal losses over time and means.
Take the principles of JUST-IN-TIME, mix them with "jedia" and add to this the constant introduction of improvements and racms from employees of the company, which has become a visit card to Toyota, and you will understand why in incredibly short time the quality of the car brand has risen at times, and The expression "Japanese quality" became nominal.
Attack on all fronts
But even at that time, when the famous "Toyotovskoye" quality was in the process of becoming, the Japanese understood - to catch up, and if possible, to overtake the leaders of the world car industry, the markets of foreign countries are vital. Figuratively speaking, the Japanese decided to learn to swim not in the children's frog, but in the open sea. Boldly? Yes. Dangerously? Not without it. But the result in case of success could be an enchanting ...
Already in the 1957th Toyota first among the automotive companies, Japan decided to organize a branch in the United States. In September, the intelligence platoon in the composition of the three managers landed in Los Angeles to start learning the local market. And in just two months, the company Toyota Motor Sales was founded on October 31. The first models of Toyota proposed for export, steel CROWN sedan and an SUV Land Cruiser. BJ.
It is impossible to say that the Americans accepted Japanese novelties with a bang. Quite the opposite. Following the first full year of sales, only 288 cars were implemented. Cars from Japan were not impressive with a design, no dynamics, nor prestige. Not to mention the fact that in the representation of most Americans, the country of the rising sun was still an aggressor, one of the instigators of the Second World War. The most curious thing that Toyota did not even try to chase the market trends of the end of the 50s, and on the contrary, as an experienced hunter burned in the ambush and began to wait in the hour.
And waited ...
First, the epoch of the Droyt Barochko unexpectedly ended in the States, in which the market was ruled dimensionlessly huge and voracious mastodont cars. So reliable and unpretentious Toyota received their first chance. But the real breakthrough happened in the 70s, when the increasing fuel crisis coolly changed the scale of automotive values \u200b\u200bin the United States. The cost-effectiveness, reliability and low price went to the fore, and while Detroit nerdily tried to respond to a new trend, buyers with surprise understood that Toyota, it turns out, long ago offers inexpensive, economical, and most importantly - very reliable models.
Back in 1966, the new Corona sedan became the first Toyota model in the American market with a circulation of more than 10 thousand cars a year, by the 1972th total sales of the brand in the United States reached a million, and after three years, Toyota dismissed Volkswagen with a pedestal of the most popular import brand America.
The Japanese was not to stop. The expansion of Europe, South America, Australia, and later to Russia, new assembly enterprises scattered around the world, the emergence of the absolute new luxury brand LEXUS, and as a legitarious outcome of the world's largest automaker, obtained Toyota in 2010, - All this happened on our memory with you.
Imagine only what Toyota will be able to achieve tomorrow and the day after tomorrow?
Top 10 Toyota Toyota cars Mail.Ru
1. Land Cruiser BJ20 (1955)
It is difficult to imagine that the progenitor to all of us the famous "land cruiser" is ... The very first of the family "Jeeps" is Wyllis MB, and even more accurately - its pre-production prototype Bantam BT-40. Back in 1941, Japanese parts among the American trophies captured in the Philippines found this intelligence all-terrain vehicle. The car without delay was transferred to the Toyota engineers: for comprehensive study and ... copying. So the Toyota AK-10 appeared - the Japanese version of the front Wyllis MB.
Already much later - at the end of World War II - the Americans ordered Toyota a batch of licensed Wyllis BJ, which later dubbed the "land cruiser".
But if the first option was, in fact, a copy of the American with the Japanese motor and components, the next all-terrain vehicle is the Land Cruiser BJ20 - at least got the original civilian body. Perhaps it is from the "twenty" and the consideration of the modern history of the "land cruiser" should be conducted.
2. Corona (T30, 1964)
In this humble look and on finishing the car is difficult to suspect an important bird. Of course, Corona can be called a typical compact sedan of the mid-60s. The car size with the classic "Zhiguli" was not distinguished by stunning dynamics (it was accepted in 15 seconds to a hundred), and appearance, despite consultations with the Italian designer of Batistan Farin, at best, seemed normal, and rather even unplantned. What then is the significance of Corona for the history of the Japanese brand? Simply, it was from this model that the true story of the success of the brand in the United States began. Reliable, unpretentious, cheap, but at the same time perfectly equipped - Corona One of the first in the compact class offered an "automatic" and air conditioning - immediately attracted consumer interest. In the first year, the Americans bought over 20 thousand of these sedans. In total, the 11 generations of the model were separated by the world by edition of about 27 million pieces.
3. 2000 GT (1967)
Perhaps it will sound too pathetic, but this is a very attractive view of the coupe can be called one of the main cars not only for Toyota, but also for the entire Japanese car industry as a whole. The fact is that it is 2000 GT, developed by joint efforts with Yamaha engineers, demonstrated to the world that the Japanese are able to produce not only cheap and reliable small tapes, but also status sports models. However, as it often happens, there is no particular popularity in the life of 2000 GT, and all the glory came to her later - after the end of the serial release. Partly, this is explained by a very high price. However, for considerable money, buyers received a spectacular rear-wheel sports car with a 2-liter row "six" with a capacity of 150 hp At current times, a bit, but for the end of the 60s - quite. According to the dynamics, the machine was not inferior to Porsche 911 - 220 km / h maximum speed, overclocking to hundreds for 8.4 s. A total of 337 sports accumulations were released, each of which is now on the weight of gold. For a good instance, you can rescue $ 350-400 thousand.
4. Corolla (E80, 1983)
Can the hit parade of the best Toyota models do without Corolla, by the way, most popular automotive model in history? This year, the total number of "Corolla" has exceeded all generations over 40 million! And its unheard of popularity, without exception, Corolla is obliged to three whales: reliability, unpretentiousness and a reasonable price. Choose from ten generations one single thing - the task only at first glance is complex. It seems to us that the very self should be considered the body of E80, who made his debut in 1983. First, among our faces, the "eight-teeth" the most popular on the total number of sales, in addition, it was from this model that the transition began compact models Toyota on the front drive.
5. Hilux (N40, 1983)
If somewhere in a foreign land, you met a pickup, then the likelihood is that you are toyota hilux. For her without a small half-century history, Toyota ran around the world a huge number of these light trucks. And starting from the very first generation of the model, which debuting in 1968, Highlax was distinguished by phenomenal endurance and efficiency. It is not surprising that these pickups love all: from Canadian farmers and Australian students to military and Taliban militants. The only country in the world where Hilux has not yet deserved the legendary portion of Glory, this is Russia, where, according to the incomprehensible whim of the Japanese, this pickup was not officially sold for a long time.
6. MR2 (W10, 1984)
Today, when the king of inexpensive, but uncompromising in the nature of sports cars, Mazda MX-5 is definitely considered, it is difficult to imagine what a furor without a small thirty years ago caused the appearance of Toyota MR2 - compact, inexpensive, and most importantly average motor coupe! No one expects such a car from Toyota and especially one no one expected that Em-Erca will receive so outstanding driving characteristics. Of course, according to the dynamics, it was not a supercar - the most powerful 130-strong version of the MR2 was accelerated to hundreds in 8.5 seconds, that is, tearing, but no more. But the controllability led to the delight of both journalists and buyers. Over the settings of the chassis together with the "Toyotov", the engineers of the English Lotus were kovned! It is not surprising that the miraculous road chants mini Ferrari from Japan still lay down legends.
7. Celica (T180, 1989)
Another long-liver in the Toyota family today is no longer with us. The release of sports Celica, which has become synonymous with an affordable and stylish sports coupe, stopped, but thousands of fans around the world believe that the Japanese is taking up and await the famous brand. And just here to choose the most sore of the seven generations of models is extremely difficult. They are all good, and it is far from flattery. Is it possible not to like the first generation model - an elegant liftback with an appetizing bending of the rear wings? And the worse the last rear-wheel drive Celica (3rd generation, the Body A60), which became the basis for the first in the history of Toyota rally monster of the group "B"? It is good with its unusual and dissimilarity for competitors and the last seventh Celica (T230). And yet we stopped the T180 model - with so fashionable at the turn of the 90th hidden headlights and sexual two-door bodies. By the way, it was on this car Carlos Sains became a two-time world champion in the rally!
8. Supra (MK IV, 1992)
The ideological heir to the legendary coupe of 2000GT, Supra is the most expensive and luxurious from Toyotovsky sports cars. Moreover, obvious relationship with the "two thousandth" was traced not only in the body design, but also in force aggregate. Modernized options for the most row 2-liter "six" were actively used on the first three generations of the model. And the further, the stronger the supra drifted from a relatively low-cost sports accumulation towards the prestigious 2-door "Grand Tourism" - the cars are not so snarling in steep turns, how much is the luxurious and perfectly adapted for long journeys. It is for this reason that we most implan the Supra Mk IV - beautiful, powerful and convenient.
9. RAV4 (XA10, 1994)
Well, how to forget the main popularizer of the compact parquet segment?! Name RAV4 (by the way, with English Abbreviation Recreational Activity Vehicle 4 in Russian translates roughly as "Car for outdoor activities with fully drive") The first Parquettor in the world will not work: there are other applicants, starting with American Jeepster and ending with the French Matra Simca Rancho. But it was the "Rafik", first introduced in 1994, provoked a chain reaction of universal love in non-varnish. Little cute everybody, built on the chassis of the passenger Corolla, did not possess (and still not possess) no phenomenal consumer qualities, but demonstrated how important it is sometimes to be at the right time in the right place.
10. Prius (XW10, 1997)
The project that started under the hands-on "car of the 21st century", oddly enough and turned out to be. Prius managed to be more vague the huge money invested in its development. In the end, thanks to this gasoline-electric miracle, Toyota has become a global leader for the release of hybrids. Moreover, after the PRIUS, all the largest automotive companies in the world included in the ecological arms race with varying degrees of enthusiasm. So even if you treat the hybrids yourself without without a share of skepticism, it is impossible not to evaluate the impact of this model on the development of the automotive industry as a whole.
Danila Mikhailov
The Toyota Brand (Toyota) is today considered the largest, world car manufacturer. Every year more than 5.5 million cars come from conveyors. In terms of time frame, every 6 second in the world a new car of this brand appears. As the Japanese creators managed to move from the manufacture of textile machines to leadership in world auto industries, learn further.
The development of the company's development
The predecessor in the creation of the greatest magnate in the auto industry was the company Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. She was engaged in the production of machine tools for the textile industry. The feature of the equipment was to the spontaneous stop of the machine when the problem appears in the work (Dzidok principle).
1929 - the creator of automatic weaving machines SakiTi Toyoda (Sakichi Toyoda) will sell a patent for the invention to the British, and the profit from the sale will be in the development of the business of the son of Kiitiro Toro.
Saki Toyoda was born in a carpenter's family on February 14, 1867. In 1890, he creates a wooden hand-driven machine, and after 6 years, the first electric weaving machine in Japan. It does not stop on this toode, in 1924 an automatic textile machine appears, which does not require stopping equipment to replace the shuttles. In the same year, Sakiti had a son of kiitiro, which will create his own car company Toyota.
After a detailed study of the automotive industry in Europe, USA in 1930, Kiitiro Toyoda will begin production of its own car. 1933 For the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works company marks the appearance of a subsidiary on the production of cars under the leadership of Kiitiro Toyoda. This fact will become significant for the development of the automotive industry in Japan and the world.
Stages of brand development
First successes
The history of the Great Car Brand begins in 1933After 2 years, two auto models appear: the MODEL A1 (renamed later in Model AA) and cargo model G1. Models are equipped with a type of engine own developmentBut largely resemble famous cars Chevrolet, Dodge Power Wagon.
G1 freight cars fell to the taste of Chinese government, the corporation exported a whole batch of trucks to China. Now the brand has become recognized not only in Japan, but also beyond.
1937 - the company becomes independent, goes to new stage Development already like Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. The updated brand name sounds softer, promises to bring good luck (written by the cataka word Toyota consists of 8 drops that the Japanese belief symbolizes success).
Blow
War years have suspended the development of the company and the release of new models. All attention was paid to the production of trucks for the Japanese army. The sharp deficiency of raw materials was noticeably felt, simplified models were made, some trucks were made even with one pilot.
During the war, the company's capacity in the prefecture of Aiti suffered and the power of the company, it complicated the further development of the brand, but did not stop. Despite difficulties, in 1947 the company managed to release new passenger cars (Model SA).
The deep economic crisis led to the company's employees strike. Find a way out the management helped the concept of Taichi. It called "Cubban" or "Lean Production". The new concept relieved the Toyota from the unreasonable time spent, effort, materials and guaranteed a high leap in development.
Thanks to the "lean production", the entire manufacturing process of the company began to adhere to two basic principles: "exactly on time" and complete automation. Both principles complemented each other. The first principle stipulated the receipt of spare parts to the assembly position, when it is necessary in the desired quantity. This allowed to reduce stocks in warehouses and gradually replenish them. In addition, Taichi, it allocated 7 types of losses in the manufacturing process and identified the methods to reduce them.
What is the essence of the human philosophy you can learn from the video.
Production and implementation were divided into 1950, Toyota Motor Sales Co appeared, she was engaged only to sell products.
On the way to fame
1952 - the first leader of Toyota died, but the concern continued to actively. 1956 - Japanese cars hit the American market. A detailed study of the requirements of the population allowed the brand to successfully entrenched in the United States, Brazil, and then proceed to Europe and Australia.
In the history of the development of the brand there is a rapid growth and success. 1961 - Toyota Publica appears on the market, compact, resource-saving car. 1962 - the anniversary (million) car was released, 1966 - there was a release of a new model Corolla, which produced a furor in the global car industry.
1967 - the brand increases production, two cooperation with automakers Hino, Daihatsu was signed at once.
World Glory
In the 1980s, the concern expects a number of pleasant changes:
- merging Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. And Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. (1982);
- 1982 - Production of the famous model is launched Toyota Camry., and the brand itself is recognized by the world community as a powerful and worthy competitor for automotive market;
- signed agreement on cooperation with the largest auto giant General Motors (1983);
- 1986 - a 50 millionth car Toyota is produced;
- a division of the LEXUS concern appears, created for the release of premium machines. 1989 - release replenish the luxurious models of Lexus LS400, Lexus ES250;
- the company creates its logo in the form of the letter "T", which is formed by two ovals (1989).
The production of car brand is growing in geometric progression, by 1996 the number of cars produced reached 90 million, in 1999 exceeded 100 million.
In the fight for the purity of the planet are created hybrid cars Raum (1996), Avensis and sUV LAND. Cruiser 100 (1998), as well as the well-known model Prius, release and sale exceeded 50 thousand only in 2000
2002-2009 - The company is actively involved in the races of Formula 1.
As the Toyota brand developed and developed throughout the time you can look in the video.
Brand competitors
Continuous rates of the invention of new production technologies, introduction into budgetary equipment and functions peculiar to first-class models, flexibility in environmental and resource-saving issues increased demand for brand products. Japanese cars found themselves to consumer compact, comfortable and economical, and most importantly available in price attitudes.
2007-2009 - Toyota occupies a leading position. Mimic crisis 2008 was also reflected in the concern, 2009 it completes with losses. But it did not prevent the brand to overtake their main rivals: World Giant Genrel Motors (GM) and Volkswagen.
2012 - the concern goes to a leading position. Timely reaction to trends in fashion, on customer preferences, acceptable price In the ratio of S. high quality Allow the company to hold leadership, do not yield to competitors. In addition, the management of the concern also takes care of wealthy customers, offering them high-class LEXUS brand cars.
2013 - Toyota is recognized as the most expensive brand in the world.
Toyota in Russia
For the first time, the official representation of the famous brand in Russia appeared in 1998 The dynamic development of the automotive market pushed Toyota Motor Corporation to the creation of the National Company Toyota Motor LLC (2002). She was engaged in marketing, selling cars in the territory of the Russian Federation.
2007 - In Russia, the beginning of the Toyota Bank CJSC. The bank was engaged in lending to Toyota, Lexus dealers. This move has significantly facilitated the wholesale and retail purchase of cars of the famous brand. Soon in the village of Shushar, a car assembly plant for the release of auto Toyota Camry class "E" was opened. It was assumed that the plant would produce about 20 thousand machines per year with a perspective of up to 300 thousand cars. According to the results of 2011, 600 people worked at the enterprise, the amount of work performed exceeded 14 thousand cars.
At the end of 2011, the Japanese concern in Russia was represented by Toyota Motor LLC, Toyota Motor Manuekchuring Russia LLC. Their main offices are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
2015 - Toyota succeeded other Japanese brands. The most popular on the Russian market recognized models of Auto Land Cruiser Prado, Toyota Camry, Land Cruiser 200 and RAV4.
Championship among full-size premium segment SUVs today takes Toyota Land Cruiser 200. The share of auto on the market was 45%.
Brand share in the global market
Toyota Motors Corporation is engaged in the production and sale of cars for the transport of passengers, cargo. Most of the concern plants are concentrated in Japan, some capacity is located in other countries. For example, large factories in the USA, Thailand, Canada and Indonesia, where the number of employees varies from 5.5 thousand to 10 thousand people.
According to 2015, from the number of cars acquired for the year (91 million), 9.6% had to be brand Toyota.
Concern's products are actively bought, the share of Toyota cars in some regions amounted to:
- Japan (46.8%);
- North America (13.5%);
- Asia (13.4%);
- european countries (4.6%).
The brand management maximally excluded operations and processes in technological processwho do not bring values \u200b\u200bfor the consumer. The desire to improve, satisfy the desires of customers ensure the success and leadership of the Toyota concern.
Approximately thirty years ago, the famous American manager Lee Yakokka said that by the beginning of the XXI century, only a few players will remain on the world automotive market. The ex-president of Chrysler and Ford Thrust seen the trend of the further development of the auto industry, so it is not surprising that its predictions are confirmed.
The largest world autocontracers and alliances
At first glance, it may seem that there are many independent automakers in the world, but in fact most autocompany are included in various groups and alliances.
Thus, whether Yakokka looked like in the water, and today there really remained only a few automakers who share the entire world car market among themselves.
What brands belong to Ford
Interestingly, the companies that he headed - Chrysler and Ford are the leaders of the American car industry, during the economic crisis suffered the most serious losses. And in so serious redirects they did not have ever before. Chrysler and General Motors became bankrupt, and Ford saved only a miracle. But for this miracle, the company had to pay a too expensive price, because as a result, Ford lost his premium subdivision Premiere Automotive Group in which Land Rover., Volvo and Jaguar. Moreover, Ford lost the Aston Martin - the British supercar manufacturer, the Mazda stake controlling stake and eliminated the Mercury brand. And today, only two brands remained from a huge empire - Lincoln and actually Ford himself.
What brands belong to Avtocontracena General Motors
General Motors suffered no less serious losses. The American company lost Saturn, Hummer, Saab, but its bankruptcy still did not prevent the Opel and Daewoo brands. Today, as part of General Motors, brands such as Vauxhall, Holden, GMC, Chevrolet, Cadillac and Buick. In addition, Americans belong to the Russian joint venture GM-AvtoVAZ, which releases Chevrolet Niva.
Autocontracene Fiat and Chrysler
And the American concern Chrysler now acts as a strategic partner of Fiat, who gathered under his wing brands like Ram, Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, Lancia, Maserati, Ferrari and Alfa Romeo.
In Europe, things are somewhat different than in the United States. Here, the crisis also made their own adjustments, but the position of the monsters of the European auto industry has not been shaken.
What brands belong to the Volkswagen Group concern
Volkswagen still accumulates brands. After the purchase of Porsche in 2009, the Volkswagen Group grows nine brands - Seat, Skoda, Lamborghini, Bugatti, Bentley, Porsche, Audi, SCANIA truck manufacturer and VW itself. There is information that SUZUKI will soon be in this list, 20 percent of whose shares are already owned by Volkswagen Group.
Brands that belong to the concern Daimler AG and BMW Group
As for the other two "Germans" - BMW and Daimler AG, they cannot boast such an abundance of brands. Under the wing of Daimler AG, the SMART, Maybach and Mercedes brand are listed, and history BMW. Parts MINI and Rolls-Royce.
Automotive Alliance Renault and Nissan
Among the world's largest automakers, it is impossible not to mention the Renault-Nissan Alliance, owning such brands like Samsung, Infiniti, Nissan, Dacia and Renault. In addition, Renault is the owner of 25 percent of AvtoVAZ shares, so Lada is also not independent of the French-Japanese alliance.
Another major French automaker is the PSA concern - belong to Peugeot and Citroen.
Japanese autoconecern Toyota
And among the Japanese automakers, boast the "collection" of brands can except Toyota, which belongs to Subaru, Daihatsu, Scion and Lexus. Also as part of Toyota Motor, the HINO truck manufacturer is listed.
Who belongs to Honda
Honda has more modest achievements. In addition to the motorcycle office and the ACURA brand, the Japanese has nothing more.
Successful Handai-Kia
Over the past years, the Hyundai-Kia alliance is successfully breaking into the list of world car industry leaders. Today he produces cars only under brands Kia. And Hyundai, but Koreans have already seriously engaged in creating a premium brand, which can get the name Genesis.
Among the absorption and fighters of recent years should be mentioned under the wing of the Chinese Geely vOLVO brand, as well as the purchase of English premium brands Land Rover and Jaguar indian company TATA. And the smaller case is the purchase of a famous Swedish brand Saab tiny manufacturer of Spyker supercars from Holland.
Once a powerful British auto industry ordered a long time to live. All famous British car manufacturers have long lost independence. Their example followed small English firms that have passed to foreign owners. In particular, the legendary Lotus today owns Proton (Malaysia), and the Chinese SAIC bought MG. By the way, the same SAIC before it was sold by Korean SsangYong Motor Indian Mahindra & Mahindra.
All these strategic partnerships, alliances, associations and absorption once again proved whether Yakokki is the right point. Single firms in the modern world survive is no longer able to survive. Yes, there are exceptions, like Japanese Mitsuoka, English Morgan or Malaysian Proton. But these companies are independent only in the sense that nothing depends on them an even account.
And in order to have annual sales, calculated by hundreds of thousands of cars, not to mention millions, without a strong "rear" can not do. In the Renault-Nissan Alliance, partners are supported by each other, and in the Volkswagen Group, the mutual execution is provided by the number of brands.
As for such companies as Mitsubishi and Mazda, there are still great difficulties in the future. While Mitsubishi can get the help of PSA partners, then Mazda will have to survive alone, which in the modern world is becoming more difficult every day ...
Toyota Motor Corporation is the largest manufacturer of passenger and commercial vehicles from the "ascending Sun countries". Toyota Central Office is located in Toto, Japan.
Toyota Motor releases a car under Toyota brands, Lexus (expensive and representative versions of Toyota models), Scion (cars for young people).
Toyota's history began in the 30s of the last 20th century, when Kiechirio Toyoda, the son of the owner of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works (the production of weaving machines and textiles), opened the automobile compartment at the Father's company.
1935 - Toyota's first reviews - passenger cars A1 and truck G1.
1937 The automotive office is officially registered as Toyota Motor Co. Ltd.
During World War II, Toyota company produces trucks for the Japanese imperial army.
1947 - release new Toyota. Model SA, sales go sluggish in the destroyed war of Japan. At the beginning of the 50s of the 20th century, the company enters a rapidly developing US market. So, in 1957 the first model appeared well sold in the North American market - Toyota Crown.
Evolution Toyota Land Cruiser
1953 - released the first SUV Toyota BJ, subsequently renamed to Toyota Land Cruiser.
In the period from 1960 to 1970, the history of Toyota is characterized by rapid development and access to the markets of Europe, Asia and Africa. There are new models of Compact Toyota Publica and Toyota Corolla.
1962 - the Japanese company Toyota produces its million car.
1963 - the appearance of the first car Toyota, produced not in Japan, and in Melbourne, Australia.
1966 - signing a business cooperation agreement with the Japanese manufacturer of HINO cars.
1967 - I saw the light of Toyota Land Cruiser 55th series, Daihatsu Motor Company joins the company.
1970 - new models in the Toyota line: Celica, Carina, Sprinter.
1972 - Toyota company produces its ten millionth car.
At the beginning of the 80s of the last century, the company published the third place in the world in terms of cars produced.
1981 - Toyota announces the opening of a business technological institute for developing new technologies and innovations.
Toyota First Generation Camry
Next, Toyota car reviews make up such chronology:
1982 - a 1st generation of Toyota Camry bestseller appears.
1984 - At a joint venture with GM, the Japanese company begins to produce cars in North America.
1986 - take the frontier of 50 million cars issued.
1988 - for the US market and Canada, Toyota creates a brand of expensive, richly equipped cars.
In 1990, the Toyota Designer Center opens in Japan - Tokyo Design Center.
In the same year, the Japanese launched the first service station for maintenance and repair of Toyota cars in the USSR.
1991 - a 70 million car Toyota comes from the conveyor.
1992 - opening of the Japanese company in the UK - Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd.
Toyota Rav 4 of the first generation
1994 - presentation of the first SUV - Toyota RAV 4.
1996 - the release exceeded for 90 million copies of Toyota auto.
1997 - the start of sales of innovation Toyota Prius. With a hybrid engine Toyota Hybrid System, Toyota company buys a controlling stake in Daihatsu.
1998 - the premiere of Toyota Land Cruiser 100 and the opening of the representative office in Russia.
1999 - at the order of the 20th century, the story of Toyota noted the next iconic line - the company crossed 100 millionth of the issued cars.
Since 2002, the Toyota factory team takes part in the Formula 1 races.
2007 - Toyota company came to the first place in the world in terms of the production of passenger cars, overtaking the American GM concern. In the same year, another iconic event occurred for Russian fans of the brand - the opening of the plant in Russia, in Promzone Shushary, St. Petersburg.
In 2009, the history of Toyota, as a result of the global global crisis, noted the presence of losses, and this happened the first time since 1950. Thanks to the competent marketing policy and the conclusion on the market of new models, the company came out of the situation with the situation, and by the spring of 2012, it was again published in the world's leaders of the car, overtaking the owner of the GM brand and manufacturer folk cars Company.
Toyota Corporation continues to look at the future with optimism, bright evidence of what is the concept of Toyota NS4 Advanced Plug-in Hybrid, represented by the public in 2012.
Toyota NS4 Advanced Plug-in Hybrid Concept 2012
Today, Russian and Ukrainian motorists are available to the following Japanese brand models, officially sold on the market: Yaris, Auris, Corolla, Verso, Avensis, Prius, Camry, Rav4, Highlander, LC Prado, LC 200, Hilux, Hiace, Alphard, Toyota GT 86.
Unofficially supplied Toyota cars are also generously presented on the roads of our cities: Toyota IQ, Toyota Aygo, Toyota Urban Cruiser, Toyota Avalon, Toyota Sienna, Toyota Tacoma, Toyota Tundra, Toyota Venza, Toyota Fj Cruiser, Toyota 4 Runner, Toyota Seguoia.
And what number of right-hand models of Toyota chains the Russian expanses - only their owners are known.
Many new firms specializing in the production of cars started not at all with them, but completely from other products. The largest car company Toyota also includes the largest automobile firm.
His roots, the story of the brand leaves almost a half centuries ago, when a businessman, and at the same time the inventor, and the engineer, Sakychi Toyoda created a company named after himself - Toyoda Enterprise. True, assume that it was an ordinary inventor, what many in any country would be wrong. Contemporaries called Sakichi by Japanese Thomas Edison and even the "king of Japanese inventors."
A future inventor was born in a family of a poor carpenter, on February 14, 1867. It was a period when Japan was held a very difficult period of modernization, when it had to painfully move from medieval feudalism into the world of rigid European capitalism with all its specificity.
As a result, Sakichi Toyoda, which grew up in a poor and small village, located in Shizuoka Prefecture, managed to find out how heavy the Japanese peasant the period of that period. His mother was engaged in weaving and, widowed in her grave work, the young man decided to invent the weaving machine that had a rather unusual design. It must be said that this is the invention and has become the basis for the success of the Toyoda family.
Customize the achieved Sakichi did not, continuously improving the device of its machines, as well as other weaving mechanisms. As a result, its developments became interested in the British company Platt Brother & Co., which at that time was the largest textile manuff of the world. The Britons convinced Sakichi to sell them patent rights to the machine, and to sign other formalities, Sakichi's son, Kiichiro - went through the United States to the UK.
Kiechiriro clearly went to his father and realized that, despite the fact that in the most developed part of the world the ball rules Industrialization (and these were the 30s of the XX century), Japan continued to remain mainly an agrarian country. Being ambitious and active, Kiechiro Toyoda decided to change such an unenviable position of the country. Like many other young people of that era, he admired cars and fully took advantage of the chance to familiarize himself with the car industry developed countries that he visited during his "long-standing".
As a result, when he returned to his native fenats, Kiechiriiro decided to say goodbye to weaving machines, provided his father's family name and financial well-being, and tie their future only with cars.
From the machine to the car
Kiechiriro understood that one solution to engage in the automotive industry is not enough: before you need to convince your father in this. However, he did not meet any opposition on his part. Moreover, the father supported his son in his decision to try himself in this unusual for Japan and provided his son support.
Kiechiro enthusiastically took up the implementation of the new task and began to develop his first car, or rather, the prototype of the future four-door sedan A1. It was started in 1936, and the car was ready every six months.
Considering the fact that Kiichiro has never had business with cars, such paces of work can be called supersonic. True, such a speed can also be explained by the fact that A1 consisted of a set of standard solutions, which picked up the European and, mostly American brands in European and, mostly American brands.
For example, the design of the chassis, as well as the six-cylinder motor by 3.4 liters and the gearbox, at their base, were "borrowed" from Chevrolet, and the body of his first car was a copy of Chrysler Airflow, which was slightly reduced in size. It was quite explained, because in addition that Kiichiro did not have proper experience in this field, this aerodynamic sedan was quite progressive by the standards of the 30s. To be able to thoroughly deal with his device, Kiechiriro specially prescribed one copy of the United States, giving it "to the confusion" with his inquisitive engineers. In addition, the chrysler airflow design was so relevant that the prudent Japanese decided not to risk and leave everything as it was. Although some changes were still made. In addition to the fact that the scale was somewhat reduced, the headlights have changed: in Chrysler Airflow, they were integrated into the front wings, whereas on the "Japanese" they were placed in the old style - over the wings.
The number of prototypes A1 was three, and one and them were even consecrated according to all Buddhist traditions. What is interesting is that the first trip on this car was made by Kiechiro to the grave of his father, who died shortly before. So, the prototype was created, and in a year, almost indistinguishable AA model came into the series.
Production has been established in the town of Koromo, where a completely new plant was built. It is worth saying that today this locality, as well as its surroundings, is called a loud name to Toyota City. At first, the cars were sold under the same name under which weaving machines were produced - Toyoda. However, this option was not satisfied with the ambitious kiechiro, because Japanese Toyoda is a "fertile rice field." Such an agricultural name is not too suitable for cars, and Kiechiro decided to find a new name for his brand for what the competition was announced. In total, 20 thousand of various applications were filed, among which the family chose exactly the option that today is known to almost all - "Toyota". This name no longer restrained hints of agricultural activities, sounded well in any language, easily remembered and, which is very important, indicated the family continuity.
Officially, Toyota Motor Corporation was registered as a subsidiary toyota company Enterprise. It happened on August 28, 1937 - shortly before the beginning of the Second World War.
Already in November, the production began at the above-mentioned plant, and it was then that the brand was born, which became one of the most famous cars in the world.
Late start and second attempt
Despite the fact that the beginning of the first Japanese car brand was quite successful, it turned out to be untimely. The second world began, and expand the activity as it should not be released. By 1943, the company was able to release only 1404 AA sedans. In addition, it was sold 353 converts created on the basis of the AC and 115 AC sedans, who were almost no different from AA, except more powerful engine. In a word, there was no particular progress.
But it is worth considering the fact that during the war the company worked mainly on the army, producing not only military trucks, but also light intelligence all-terrain vehicles, amphibians and individual components for the needs of military aviation. In general, despite the weak progress in the production of cars for the population, the company worked, and worked very intensively, acquiring new experience. In addition, during the war, despite regular aviation raids, the company's plant almost no loss suffered. And yet, by the fall of 1945, there were no special reasons for joy from members of the company. But the Japanese on deprivation are brought up in the spirit of Zen-Buddhism, they look at a slightly different angle, so instead of complaints about life, the staff began to rejuvenate their power renovate. Military products were an accelerated pace of recharged under peace needs, and grain crops began to grow in the surrounding territories. For some time in the workshops of the company from aviation components, various tools and pots were even collected.
The conversion was quite successful, but Kiichiro did not forget about its main goal - the release of cars and the development of new models. And in October 1945, when Japan is just a month as capitulated, the company engineers began to develop a new model. It is quite natural that in the light of the hard economic situation in the country, it was necessary to create a cheaper and fast car if possible. And soon the prototype of the first post-war Toyota was created - a two-door SA sedan equipped with a four-cylinder engine in 1 liter. Externally, this car was very well known for the "Beetle" Volkswagen Type I. and only by external differences the case was not limited to - similarity was visible in the ridge frame, which was applied in Japanese production for the first time.
However, despite all the similarities, Toyota SA (Toyota-Baby's apparent nickname - Toyopet) was an independent development of engineers of the company. This indicates at least the fact that instead of the rear-engine, the classic layout of the model was used.
In October 1947, a small-sector began toyota release SA and it can be said that the beginning was successful: on the basis of SA, several serial "Toyotovsky" models were released, and the "Baby" itself became for the company a kind of passion to the elite automotive world. If you have to leave Toyota, like other Japanese car manufacturers, counted on a not too rich and extensive Japanese market, now there was a turn to a bright future. Then, few people could believe in this, because outside of Japan, the concept of "Japanese car" was perceived about the same way as "Ethiopian Skater", but Kiichiro believed in the success of his business without looking at stamps.
Success time
Currently, the word "Japanese" is the blue word "high-quality" and this also applies to cars too. And it became possible to largely thanks to Toyota. After all, this company once started a real war for improving the efficiency of production and quality of products. True, the Just-In-Time method, according to which the components for the assembly were not stored in the warehouse, and drove it directly to the conveyor, the Kiichirio Toyoda was scheduled at the initial stage, when the plant in the komo was only built.
Since in the thirties, production volumes were still very modest, it was not necessary in such innovation. And in the post-war period, when production began to gain momentum, they remembered the accelerated production methods again.
Of course, nothing revolutionary in these developments was, since it was still "the car" of Henry Ford, Henry Ford was still to bring components directly to the place of the assembly, making it almost half a century before Kiichiro Toyoda - in the 10-20s of the XX century. But the Japanese were the glorious, so it's their ability to bring everything to perfection, which was achieved on toyota plants. However, on this means to improve the efficiency of production and reduction costs, the company has not stopped. The next step was the simple, but a very effective method that came from the textile past Kiechiriro and his father. About this experience worth telling especially.
Taichi It, which at the beginning of the 50s was the manager of the final assembly of machines at that very first factory, once remembered such a feature of spinning machines as an independent shutdown with a random clump of the thread. This ability allowed to significantly reduce the amount of defective tissue. True, the car conveyor of those years was a little like a weaving machine and was only partly automated: the bulk of the work was carried out manually.
However, Taichi did not stop it, and he managed to adapt this "idea from the textile past" to automotive production. Named a new principle was "Jidoka", which in the translation from Japanese to Russian could be translated as "automation with human bleight". The essence of "Jidoki" was in high responsibility of each employee of the plant. If the worker came across a defective part or an incorrectly installed component, it was charged for "Andon" in his duty (this was called a special cord) and thereby stop the conveyor. Thanks to this, the defective details could be identified and eliminated at the early stage of production, spending at least a minimum of time and means.
The combination of Invented Taichi, it "Jes", Fordovskoye sucking components directly to the conveyor and the constant introduction of rackets from the company's employees, which has become hardly a business card of the company, explains why product quality incredibly increased in a very meek duration, becoming a sample of the quality of Japanese goods.
Expansion
The ascent of the firm to the tops is difficult to call a stepped. As a rule, climbing the next stage was planned even when the previous one was not conquered. It happened and in the case of the expansion of the company, the need for which was realized when the quality of Toyota was still at the stage of becoming. It was at that time that it became clear that in order to become one of the leaders of the global automotive industry, one quality is not enough - the markets of other countries should also be mastered. It was a rather risky step, but in case of success, the result could become storm.
As a result, in 1957, Toyota became the first Japanese company deciding on such an adventure as the opening of a branch in America. But from the place of the quarry they decided not to drive, and therefore, three "scouts" were sent to Los Angeles, whose task was to explore the local automotive market. Apparently, the "landing" was successful and just a couple of months later - October 31, 1957 - Toyota Motor Sales was founded.
The first suggested Toyota for export models were the Land Cruiser BJ SUV and CROWN sedan.
However, with overclocking of special success in the US market, it was not possible to achieve. In the first six months, only 288 cars were sold. "Toyotovsky" goods could not impress Americans either prestige (which was not yet conquered) or dynamics or design. You can not forget the long-time hostility of Americans in relation to the Japanese, which remotely reminded those "warm" feelings that the peoples of the USSR were tested to the Germans. However, Toyota did not try to break through the wall of his forehead, trying to sobally for the trends of the end of the fifties. Instead, the management of the company decided to wait for its o'clock, and this decision was not erroneous.
At that time, in the US car market, the ball ruled the huge sizes of the car, which someone faithfully called automatic models. However, fashion for such monsters in Detroit style suddenly ended, and then unpretentious and reliable Toyota. They got a chance to break through to the tops. But one fashion turned out to be not enough, and only the fuel crisis of the late 70s brought to the present breakthrough, which radically changed the car preferences of Americans. It was then that the main requirements that presented the US residents were accessibility, reliability and efficiency.
Wait for Detroit will not respond to new trends Americans did not become, but unexpectedly found that Toyota has long been producing economical, inexpensive and extremely high-quality products. For example, the following indicators can be given: in the 66th, the Corona sedan became the first model of the brand in the American market, the circulation of which exceeded 10,000 copies per year. Already by 1972, the total sales of Toyota in America reached a million cars, and after another three years, the company managed to become the most popular brand of the United States, shifting Volkswagen from this place.
After the United States conquest, expansion began to South America, Europe, Australia, and then to Russia. Worldwide, new assembly enterprises opened around the world, a new luxury luxury was born. brand Lexus.And at the end of 2010, Toyota became the largest automaker in the world.
Ten of the best cars Toyota in the history of the company
Land Cruiser BJ20 (1955)
The progenitor of this car was the pre-production prototype WYLLIS MB - Bantam BT-40. However, there is nothing surprising in this, because Willis was generally the first jeep in history. At the very beginning of the World War I, the Japanese troops in the Philippines, the Japanese troops found themselves among them and this all-terrain vehicle, intended for intelligence. The car was immediately transferred to the Toyota engineers for a thorough study and subsequent copying. As a result, appeared toyota car AK-10, which was, in essence, "Japanese Willis".
And after the end of the Second World War, the Americans have already ordered a Japanese firm a batch of licensed "Willis" BJ. It was the Americans subsequently called the result of this order with the "land cruiser". However, if at first we were talking about a copy of the American jeep with Japanese components and the engine, then its subsequent version, named Land Cruiser BJ20, has already had its own civilian body. And, probably, it was from him that the history of "Toyotovsky" Land Cruiser began.
Corona T30 (1964)
Externally (and in the cabin too) in this small car there is nothing special. In fact, it is an ordinary compact sedan, which in the mid-60s it was quite a lot. In terms of its size, the car was almost no difference from domestic "Zhiguli" and the dynamics was also not too impressive (100 km / h gained already in 15 seconds). Design, despite the fact that the famous Italian designer of Batista Farina participated in its development, was very unrexious. But it was this car that started the success of Toyota in America.
The car was cheap, unpretentious, reliable and at the same time very well equipped. The fact that Corona has become one of the first "compacts" where there was an air conditioner, and the automatic transmission could not not be interested in buyers.
During the first year, US residents acquired over 20,000 thousand copies of these machines. And all eleven generations "crown" diverged in the amount of about 27 million copies.
2000 GT (1967)
This rather unusual car can be said, became a sign as for Toyota and for the entire Japanese automotive industry. This is explained by the fact that it is this status sports model that broke a kind of stereotype, according to which the Japanese can produce only high-quality and cheap little bars. Although it is worth noting that in the period of the serial release of the "two-thousandth" big glory did not discharge, mining it when the release of the model was over. One of the reasons for this was a fairly high price of a car. True, it was for that: the spectacular design of the rear-wheel drive sports car was driven by two-liter row six, developing power in 150 "horses".
Maybe now it is not impressive, but in the late 60s it was quite solid. In terms of dynamics, the model was closed with the 911th "Porsche" and had maximum speed 220 km / h, of which the first hundred was gained in 8.4 seconds. In total, only 337 copies were released, for any of which will now have to lay out a colossal amount (350-400 thousand dollars).
Corolla E80 (1983)
This model has become the most popular car in history, and it is simply impossible not to mention it. A total of these machines were released and sold more than 40 million copies!
The reason for such supernatural popularity is the available price, multiplied by unpretentiousness and reliability. The best of ten generations of the model can be considered, according to many, E80, whose debut took place in 1983. It must be said that it is this version that is the most popular among others "Corolla" and it was commended that the front-wheel drive of compact Toyota models was marked.
Hilux N40 (1983)
Outside of Russia, this is one of the most popular pickups. There is nothing surprising in this, because for half a century the colossal number of these mini-trucks was released. Already the very first model of Toyota Hilux, which debuted in 1968, was distinguished by incredible efficiency and endurance.
With such data, it is quite natural that this model loves representatives of various sections of society and professions. And almost the only country in which Hilux N40 is not too famous is Russia, where the Japanese for some reason did not want to sell this car for for a long time. Maybe our roads were afraid?
MR2 W10 (1984)
Currently, Mazda MX-5 is deservedly considered the vertex of inexpensive but "bully" sports cars. However, three decades ago everything was somewhat different: it was then toyota mr2 appeared - a medium-engine compact size compact size and a small cost. Then this car produced a real sensation. A similar car was waiting for anyone, but not from Toyota. And for such stunning characteristics no one at all expected.
In terms of dynamics, this model with supercars is pointless to compare it: the most powerful version of Em-Erok had 130 "horses" under the hood and could have gained 100 km / h in 8.5 seconds.
In other words, the car was quite greedy, but not a record. But as concerns manageability, then it deserved alone enthusiastic reviews and from the owners, and from experts. It must be said that one of the reasons for such a miracle manageability was to configure the chassis on which not only the engineers of Toyota itself worked, but also the invited specialists of the British Lotus. It is quite natural that the handling of this Japanese model to this day is legendary.
Celica T180 (1989)
This model can be attributed to the number of "Toyotovsky" long-livers, but, unfortunately, today the car is removed from production. This sports car has become an embodiment of a stylish and affordable sports coupe and won the hearts of thousands of fans around the world, which sincerely believe that the management of the company is drawing and resume the release of legends. There were only seven generations of the model, and it is quite difficult to choose from them, because each is good. The first model conquers its grace and a magnificent bend of the rear wings.
It is not inferior to her the last rear-wheel drive Celica of the third generation with the Body A60. By the way, it was she who served as the basis for the first rally success of the group "B". The seventh-generation model (T230) attracts its dissimilarity to competing cars. But perhaps the most significant can be called the T180 model with hidden headlights and beautiful body lines. It is worth noting that it was on Celica T180 Carlos Sints twice won the title of world champion in the rally.
Supra Mk IV (1992)
"Supra" became the most luxurious and expensive Toyota sports car, which inherits 2000 GT. This continuity can be seen as in appearanceand in the power component. Advanced options for inline "six" with a volume of 2.0 liters were used by the first three generations of the model.
However, at the same time, "Supra" moved increasingly from a relatively affordable sports unit in the direction of a prestigious two-door "Grand Tourism", which was, maybe not so worry on turns, but it was also different and magnificently suitable for long journeys. The result of such a "drift" was Supra Mk IV, characterized by comfort, power and beauty.
RAV4 XA10 (1994)
This car has become conditionally the first "PARQUIDENT" in the world. RAV abbreviation can be translated to Russian with some stretchs as " all-wheel drive car For outdoor activities. " True, putting your hand on the heart, call this model the first "PARKTNIK" in the world will not work: there are other applicants for this honorary title.
It was RAV, which was first introduced in the 94th year of the last century, became the impetus that caused real anxiety on the "PARCATHERS".
And although this pretty small "all-terrain route" RAV4 is before, and is now deprived of any fantastic characteristics, it was he who managed to demonstrate how important such a feature is as timeliness.
Prius XW10 (1997)
A lot of money was invested in the development of PRIUS. This is quite natural, given what was developed as a new century car. Despite the entire pathos, the car was exactly the same, with an excess of occupation of the investment. It was with this gasoline-electrical model that the Japanese company became the leader of the global industry for the release of hybrids. Success turned out to be infectious and the entire largest car manufacturers included in a hybrid race in one degree or another.
