Economical tires: Is it possible to reduce fuel consumption due to tires. Tire age: We read on rubber Correct ride affects savings

1) Alternative value

A. Items, expressed in money

B. The cost of goods expressed in another product

Vlability of goods, expressed in production costs

2) What is called production

A.Process of the creation of good

B. Strawing needs

V. Surveying resources.

3) Inflation, unemployment is inherent

A. Starticle economy

B. REAL ECONOMY

V.Centralized economy

4) Shift of the elasticity of demand will not happen if

A. Replacing consumer tastes

B. changing the income of consumers

V. The number of outlets

5) Name the form of limiting the freedom of the consumer

A. Notifies to competition in the market

B.Poter has all the necessary information.

B. Market saturation various species goods.

6) The reason for increasing the demand for jeans can be

A. Waving the price of denim fabric

B. Pribration of summer holidays.

V. Prices for accessories

7) Choose a couple of substitute goods

A.Kof and Coffee Beach

B.Automobile Tires and Gasoline

V.Knigi and Tetradi

8) The bank receives income

A.Od mediation between sellers and securities buyers

B.This investment in the production of a certain type of product

V.The Difference between% received from the borrower and%, which is paid

depositor

9) What goods demand is non-ielastic

A. Shampansky

B. Male

10) Proposal of what product is elastic

A. Fresh Mushrooms

B. Dried Mushrooms

V. Furniture

11)In which economic system the role of the consumer is not significant

A. In traditional

B. in team

B. In Market

12)The value index of life says that:

A. Kak changed the needs of people

B. What is the growth of real income of the population.

B. What is the proportion of mandatory expenses for goods

13)What is the name of the loan when under the contract in the consumer budget

financial lease The landlord undertakes to acquire the property from a certain seller under the Agreement and provide it for rent to the recipient for a specified fee for temporary use for certain purposes.

A.Iipotek

B. Credit for the purchase

14) What are the cost of the company's costs that do not depend on the production volume.

A.Pepina

B. Perm

V.Transactions

15) Determine, for what time the consumer will buy from the leasing company an excavator worth 400 million rubles. If the inflation rate is 50% per year, and the consumer pays 40 million rubles each month.

16) Determine the Margin of the Bank if the interbank loan is 120% per year, and the bank issued a loan to an entrepreneur in the amount of 100 million rubles with the condition of returning it in a month in the amount of 120 million rubles.

17) Determine the elasticity coefficient of demand for the car. If the value of the demand and the price of the goods changed to such a pattern: at 48 million rubles per car sales volume amounted to 150 thousand pieces, and with a decrease in the price of 36 million rubles, sales increased to 300 thousand pieces.

18) The essence of the laws:

Alternate value
Law of decreasing return
Elasticity of supply and demand
The law of decreasing utmost utility

Not so long ago I heard - about economical tires, allegedly very eco-friendly progressive and contribute to fuel economy. Is it really and due to what we save fuel? It should be noted that in Europe now is quite promotable trend at the car market. Read more information ...

Such economical options really have, and they really save fuel. Many manufacturers are now produced now, but the most impressive results have reached only three companies - Michelin, Goodyear, Nokian. It was these giants for the first time thinking over this parameter and began to fight tire rolling.

What is rolling resistance?

When rotating the bus is experiencing a plurality of loads, with shuffles it is deformed by absorbing a substantial part of the energy that the engine produces. The wheel with a bus is soft, and therefore it is more difficult to roll it than say completely metallic, which is not deformed and not remembered. But fully metallic will make the movement of the car very uncomfortable, the suspension "die" is very fast, and the inhibition of such a car will deteriorate at times. Therefore, it is not worth the task to abandon the rubber tire, and it is worth the task to reduce the combination when driving, that is, to make tough, but comfortable. Yes, and completely in the rubber wheel will not be able to defeat this power - it is not possible.

And why do you want to win?

Everything is simple, the smaller the power - the less you need the power to the engine to roll these wheels, and accordingly decrease consumption in fuel, that is, gasoline or diesel. Yes, and the aggregates can be put less powerful.

How do economical tires produce?

It should be noted this is a very difficult task. Manufacturers must not worsen, but improve rubber characteristics (braking, aquaplaning, etc.) and also reduce rubber. Changes - calculated to a millimeter, the optimal diameter is selected, as well as the optimal composition of the rubber mixture, which is less deformed. Mixtures are kept in the strictest secrecy (each company has its own unique composition), because it is in it 70% of the improvement of this parameter.

As I have already written such firms as Michelin, Goodyear, Nokian has achieved maximum results. As part of its wheels, these manufacturers refused to use carbon in favor of silicon, this not only reduced the combination, but also improved cuts for cuts and punctures.

How much can you save fuel?

Fuel economy such wheels can be significant up to 0.5 - 0.6 liters per 100 km. Look at the table.

How to determine them when choosing?

Very simple - each manufacturer has its own abbreviation on wheels.

This is usually a graph from A to G, where A is the tires with the lowest resistance, the most economical. Not always, these abbreviations are applied to the cord of the tire, sometimes they are printed on the stickers on the wheel.

Michelin - Energy Saver abbreviation can be used.

Michelin Energy Saver.

Goodyear, applies its abbreviation - where LRR (low rolling), ULRR (ultra low), ELRR (extremely low). These abbreviations can be applied to the wheel cord.

Here is a useful parameter that you also need to know. Other producers also seek to reduce this parameter and apply notation for rubber or stickers, so look careful when buying.

That's all, read our autosite

Tires play an important role in the controllability and security of the car, but with age they lose their qualities and should change new ones. Therefore, each driver should be able to determine the age of tires and produce their timely replacement. About why it is necessary to change old tires, how to determine their age and replacement time, read in this article.

Standards for the service life of automotive tires

Tires are one of the few components of the car, which is not only subjected to wear during operation, but also subject to natural aging. Therefore, the replacement of the tires is made not only in connection with their critical wear or damage, but also in terms of operation exceeding the permissible. Too old tires lose their qualities, elasticity and strength, and therefore become too dangerous for the car.

Today in Russia there is a controversial situation with the timing of tires. On the one hand, the so-called legislatively installed in our country warranty period Services (service life) of automotive tires, equal to 5 years from the date of their production. During of this period The tire must provide the stated performance featuresAt the same time, the manufacturer over the entire period of operation is responsible for its product. The period of 5 years is set by two standards - GOST 4754-97 and 5513-97.

On the other hand, there are no such laws in Western countries, and manufacturers automotive tires They declare that their arrangements of their products reaches 10 years. At the same time in the world and in Russia there are no legislative acts that would oblige drivers and owners vehicle Perform a mandatory replacement of tires when the warranty period is expired. Although in Russian traffic rules there is a norm of the residual height of the tread, and, as practice shows, tire wear is usually faster than their service life expires.

There is also a concept as the shelf life of automotive tires, but Russian legislation does not establish the boundaries of this term. Therefore, manufacturers and sellers usually rely on the warranty period of service, and it is said that the tire, subject to the correct conditions, it may go for 5 years, and then used as new. However, in a number of European countries and Asia, the maximum shelf life is considered to be 3 years, and after this period, the tire can no longer be considered new.

So, how much can the tires installed on the car be used? Five, ten years or more? After all, all the indicated numbers are recommended, but no one obliges the driver to replace the tires, even after fifteen years, the main thing is that they are not worn. However, the manufacturers themselves recommend replacing the tires of 10 years old, and in most cases, the tires come into disrepair after 6-8 years of operation.

What are the indicated deadlines for the operation and storage of automotive tires? It's all about the rubber itself, from which the tires are made - this material is subject to natural aging with all its advantages, which leads to the loss of basic qualities. As a result of aging, rubber can lose elasticity and strength, microscopic destruction appears in it, with time passing into noticeable cracks, etc.

The aging of the tires is the process, first of all, chemical. Under the influence of light, the temperatures contained in the air of gases, oils and other substances of the elastomer molecule, components of the rubber, are destroyed, the links between these molecules are also destroyed - all this leads to the loss of elasticity and strength of rubber. As a result of aging, tire rubber is worse than the wear, they are literally scattered and can no longer provide the necessary performance characteristics.

It is due to the processes of aging rubber manufacturers and domestic guests set the warranty period of the tires. Domestic standard Sets the deadline, after which the aging of the rubber has no negative effect, and the manufacturers of tires establish a real service life, in which aging is already noticeable. Therefore, it is worth with great care to tires with age over 6-8 years, and the tires that marked the 10-year-old "anniversary" must be changed necessarily.

To replace the tire, you need to determine its age - make it quite simple.

Methods of checking age tires

On automotive tires, as in any other product, it is necessary to indicate the date of production - it is for this date that you can judge the age of purchased or installed on the tire car. To date, the marking of the tire production date is made according to the US Department approved in 2000 (U.S. Department of Transportation) standard.

On any tire there is an oval-crimping, before which the abbreviation DOT is located and a diguristic index. In Oval, numbers and letters are also subject to - they are talking about the date of production of the tire. More precisely, the date is encrypted in the last four figures, which mean the following:

The first two digits - a week of year;
The last two digits are a year.

So, if in oval-crimping the last four digits of 4908, then the tire was produced at the 48th week of 2008. According to Russian standards, such a tire has already exhausted its resource, and according to international standards it is already worth replacing it.

However, on the tires you can meet other designations of production time. In particular, in oval-crimping can not be four, but three numbers, and a small triangle is present - this means that this tire It was produced from 1990 to 2000. It is clear that now such tires can not be applied, even if they were on stored or installed on a car, which has stood in the garage for many years.

Thus, it is enough to determine the age of the tire. However, this is not known to all car owners than the dishonest sellers who give out old tires for new ones. Therefore, when buying rubber, you need to be attentive and be sure to check the production date.

Define the time when you need to replace the tires

When is the moment of replacement of tires? There are several cases when it is necessary to buy new tires:

Age 10 years and more - even if this tire looks good, there are no visible damage and wear it is small, it is worth removing and send it to disposal;
The tire age is 6-8 years, and its wear is approaching critical;
Critical or uneven wear, large punctures and gaps, regardless of the age of the tire.

As practice shows, tires, especially in Russia with its road features, rarely "live" to the ten years. Therefore, the replacement of tires is most often produced due to their wear or damage. However, in our country, not quite new tires are often received on sale, so every driver must be able to determine their age - only in this case you can protect yourself and your car.

How tires affect fuel consumption

As is known wide tires They give better handling, but they are rather bad. WITH narrow rubber, without an aggressive tread, everything is exactly the opposite.

The clutch is less, and the roll is better. Therefore, saving fuel here on the face. Choose the rubber as narrow as possible, it will be normal R16-17 215/60, but not quite narrow, otherwise your car will turn into a bike, and that will be acceptable for your style ride.

To note the factory, the manufacturer always solves a double task: on the one hand it picks up the bus such a width so that the braking path is acceptable and on the other hand, it is trying to guess with the desired fuel consumption. Therefore, when the car leaves the conveyor, its tires are already optimally chosen.

Good tires make our kama euro, Continental, Toyo, the first usually put the priors on the frets. If you do not aggressively drive, it is possible and sacrifice the braking in the sake of small savings.

If you correctly pick up the bus, the flow rate will instantly decrease on the floor of the liter.

You can put discs of any sizes, it does not affect savings. You can put big wide discs, but only do not need to buy super wide rubber. In general, any tire manufacturers rely on one of three characteristics: comfort, efficiency and sports.

The first are installed on the "luxury" sedans, the second - on those cars whose fuel consumption is rather big and third - on sports carsWhere important good grip With expensive.

Status Engine is influenced

Very important factor: the overall condition of the engine. Many say: so what? After all, the engine volume remains constant, the pressure in it is also constantly. But consider what kind of engine was not the engine, any malfunction 100% leads to fuel consumption. Therefore, always follow the condition of the car and listen to the engine, spend more often diagnostics, and be sure to use.

On the domestic cars The sensors of air flow meters often fail. Usually it is under the engine. The reason for their breakdowns is simply simple: in Russia poor quality Fuel. When you eat to the service center, then there you just turn it off. But this is not recommended to do this, since it is precisely it corrects the amount of fuel that the engine will use. When it is disconnected, the engine begins to be based on DRVV testimony, but its testimony is not very accurate and it can be mistaken almost 15%. And fuel consumption can vary in this interval.

It can and show in a smaller side, then the engine will begin to consume less fuelBut immediately the outflow of power and the car simply will simply stop pulling. You will simply have to press gas harder to ride in the mode you need. All this will lead to the colossal fuel consumption, which, as a result, will lead to the infusion of funds for fuel. Therefore, it is better to immediately detect this problem and just buy a new one. After all, on gasoline you would be equally spent more.

If you have a carburetor, then you need to follow him, as well as to monitor the fuel pump and the gearbox so that it can also be exploited for a long time as it is laid by its manufacturer.

Overweight car

Many people take a bunch of different junk in the trunk that again makes the car constantly carrying excess weight. I myself personally know people who carry extra 50, 70 and even one hundred kilograms. Therefore, make the most easier for the car, instead of the pump, engage the gearbox, instead of a spray - a means for rapid tire repair.

In some cars, very large benzobac. Sometimes there are tanks for 80, 100 liters. In such tanks, I do not advise you to pour all the gas tank, as the car also has to carry this volume with it. It turns out that you have to carry with you another person. So for the maximum, alleviate your car.

Proper ride affects savings

This is a very simple task, it is so simple that every fool will cope with it. ATTENTION ... you just need to slow down less, but in the sense does not slow down at all (I know that some will not understand me now), if you need to slow down the brake, you just need to use the brake pedal. I'll explain now.

When you slow down you burn that energy that was spent on acceleration and to achieve the previous ride style you will again have to spend fuel. The electrocars are also arranged when you brake the battery at that time it is charged.

That is why electrocars and hybrid cars Such economical. If you see that you do not have time to green, you do not need to accelerate to try to slip.

Just get to the place and slower. So you will definitely burn less fuel than if you tried to accelerate. Over time, you will get used to such a ride style, yes, at first it will be difficult, but then it will be for you an ordinary casual ride.

The longer you will drive like that, the easier it will be to predict what the next traffic light will be.

And one more try to fully stop completely, because it is known to get out of the rest of the rest you need more energy. If everything goes like oil, then you will notice that fuel consumption in the city almost compared with the flow rate on the highway. So go to this, by the way, a safe ride style.

Be sure to read

Economy tires: Is it possible to reduce fuel consumption due to tires

In the advertising materials of the tire manufacturers, along with the words "durability", "good clutch", "fast braking" necessarily present a "economy", that is, a noticeable reduction in fuel consumption. Explains a similar effect with lower rolling resistance.

Of course, at what speed the fuel level pointer in the tank tends to zero, many factors affect: from driving style to the mass of passengers. Also do not have to talk about "leaning" winter tiresBecause when they are operating, completely different qualities are incompatible with the ease of rolling. Therefore, today we will get acquainted with the most common on russian market Summer economical (or energy-efficient) tires and find out whether it is worth counting on serious budget savings when using them.

A bit of theory

For newcomer-motorists, who first learned about tires with low rolling resistance, a natural question arises: what is the resistant and how is this associated with fuel consumption? The fact is that the outer (it is a running) part of the tire, in contact with road coating, somewhat deformed - from the round it becomes flattened - and forms the so-called contact stain. When the car begins to move, the deformation process becomes continuous, "stain" moves along the tire and provides adhesion with the road. Thus, the less energy is required in order to overcome the change in the shape of the tire, and the easier the contact stain comes out of the coated engagement, the lower the value of the rolling resistance.

Best deformation and contact stain demonstrates a semi-suited bus

Basic constructive characteristics Tires affecting how easy it is rolling on the road, are the elasticity of the tagged materials and sidewall materials, as well as the "adebrity" of the tread material to the road.

Among the tires of one diameter, increased rolling resistance has wider tires with a large contact stain. Do not differ in economy and sport tiresdesigned to ride large speedsSince the composition of the material from which they are made should provide maximum coating of the road.

By the way, the easiest way to reduce rolling resistance is to roll up the tires. Here the deformation is reduced, and the contact stain becomes less. But it is not worth pumping the wheels above the recommended values, because at the same time the braking path increases significantly, the car is easier to drive into the skid, and the comfort of ride is noticeably suffering, especially on uneven roads.

Since in the usual light car It accounts for approximately 20% of the entire fuel resistance to overcome the resistance of the tires, it is not surprising that tire manufacturers try to increase the attractiveness of their products due to this indicator. On average, the decrease in resistance by 10% saves about 1-2% fuel.

What do we promise manufacturers

Let's see, at the expense of what manufacturers are trying to reduce this "harmful" indicator, how effective innovations show themselves in real conditions And, most importantly, such changes affect the important properties of tires as the road stability in various conditions and the braking speed.

In tests summer tiresCarriedized by authoritative domestic and foreign automotive magazines, the characteristic of "low rolling resistance" most often has products of companies, and. Of course, almost all manufacturers are offered similar rubber today, but we are limited to the brands mentioned above popular in Russia.

Flag of energy efficient products nokian companies Tyres are tires. As stated on the website of the concern, resistance to rolling these tires is reduced by 15% compared with the previous model -. If you take "ordinary" tires, then the decline reaches 40%.

Attempts to understand, due to which such impressive results are achieved, end with duty phrases of press releases about the "specially designed protector and a unique composition of the rubber mixture." The only detail that Nokian marketers voiced - the oil of the Finnish pine oil.

Other famous manufacturer Tire also has in his arsenal "leaning" tire. However, here about technology and designs they speak extremely scoop. Michelin is proud that the first began to add silicon (or, as it is also called, silica) into the rubber mixture. However, today this mineral has become an integral part of the autoresine of any manufacturer. And essentially the issue of information is practically no: "The reduced mass, a unique composition, an innovative design ..." "buyers of tires are promised to save eighty-liters of fuel for the entire mileage period of a set of tires, which, in turn, will be longer than ten thousand kilometers. All this, of course, on average and compared everything with the same "ordinary" tires.

However, it would be naive to expect that tire manufacturers will start generously share engineers and technological secrets. So reports Pirelli about "innovative materials" and "ELRR (Extra Low Rolling Resistance)" - the system of ultra-low rolling resistance used in tires.

A little more verbose representatives of GoodYear, telling that the EfficientGrip bus has "an improved frame using special materials that facilitate the weight of the product; an improved process of developing and producing a rubber mixture with a new composition that provides excellent mileage indicators, braking on the wet surface and rolling resistance." It is also argued that fuel consumption will be below 1.9% "compared to four leading competitors." The fact that this competitors is true is not reported.

The advantages of the economical tire should be "a new silicon composition of the treadmill material, a modified circuit and the asymmetric form of the tread". Round resistance in this tire is 12% lower than that of the prior model ContiousCoContact EP.

Summarizing the scattered information, it can be concluded that in recent years the main efforts of the designers are aimed at reducing the mass of the tire by reducing the number of cord layers and the thickness of the tread, as well as the use of synthetic materials in the rubber mixture with minimal energy loss during deformation.

Practice - Criterion of Truth

Well, it's time from the beautiful promises of manufacturers of automotive "shoes" to go to the practical results and see what gets and what loses the car owner who bought economical tires.

The main question of all tests is whether it is possible to significantly reduce the resistance to rolling to keep at a high level of tire quality such as controllability and coupling properties on dry and wet road, resistance to aquaplaning, good braking, etc.? And here the protocols of testing are inexorab: the perfect combination of economy and security is not possible to achieve any manufacturer.

Yes, all those who took part in the tests "Economical" tires demonstrate a reliable reduction in rolling resistance and more low flow Fuel, but it always leads to albeit not fatal, but still a noticeable deterioration of other characteristics. Thus, the "green tire" Hokian demonstrates medious coupling properties and driving on dry coating. The car with tires will not have the best handling on wet asphalt and with aquaplaning. The system of ultra-low resistance to rolling in tires from Pirelli leads to a noticeable increase in brake path, especially on a wet coating. GOODYEAR EFFICIENTGRIP holders should be the most assembled during the rain, especially if there are deep puddles on the way. Tires hold the driver in voltage on the wet asphalt and give a noticeable increase in the brake path on dry.

In fairness, we note that all of these flaws are more or less noticeable in tests conducted in extreme conditions of specialized polygons. With usual ride in the city and country tracks, the likelihood of the serious influence of the "minuses" of economical tires for safety and driving comfort is extremely small.

The most fully lack of tires can be revealed only at the landfill

Thus, with other things being equal, energy-efficient tires really justify their name and are able to reduce fuel consumption. Another thing is that even the maximum results achieved in ideal test conditions are measured by 100-200 grams per 100 kilometers of run or saving of several tens of liters per year. Accordingly, with daily (including weekends) trips by 100 kilometers, gasoline costs will be reduced by 100-150 rubles per month. In reality, the reduction of expenses will be even less.

So it turns out that, choosing a new clothes for your "iron horse", to pay attention primarily to the conditions in which it will be operated, handling and good adhesion with expensive. And if it is also more economical (even a small) attached - wonderful, a pleasant bonus has not prevented anyone.