Jaguar started out with the production of sidecars for motorcycles, but then switched to the production of bodies for cars. This experience turned out to be successful and gradually Jaguar moved to the production of its own cars.
In 1925, William Lyons and William Walmsley founded Swallow Sidecar, a motorcycle sidecar company. But this occupation did not bring tangible financial profit and the company is trying to establish the production of car bodies. One of the first was an order to develop a bodywork for the Austin Seven. According to historians, up to 500 bodies were made for this model. The body experience turned out to be successful and subsequently orders for the construction of bodies for Fiat cars 509A, Morris Cowley and Wolseley Hornet. The customers were satisfied and Lyons decided to take the risk of creating his own car brand... London automobile exhibition in 1931 the company announced itself with two models at once - SS-1 and SS-2. In 1945, the company received its current name - Jaguar, abandoning the SS abbreviation (According to some reports, the SS letters frightened public opinion due to the similarity with Nazi symbols). In 1948, the Jaguar XK-120 appeared, which was recognized as one of the fastest production cars - it accelerated to 126 km / h. In 1984, Jaguar comes under the control of the Ford concern. But the profile of the company does not change, Jaguar still remains a manufacturer of very expensive and very high quality English cars with a sporty character. In 2001, the Jaguar X-Type was released - the first class "D" car in the history of the company, created on the basis of the Ford Mondeo. Moreover, the first X-Type had four-wheel drive. In 2003, the diesel version of the X-Type is released - the first in the history of the company diesel car... In 2008, Jaguar comes under the control of the Indian TATA.
Jaguar is a car brand owned by Indian Tata Motors. It is headquartered in Wheatley, UK.
The history of the brand began in 1922, when William Lyonsom and William Walmsley founded the Swallow Sidecar company. The main activity, as the name implies, was the manufacture of sidecars for motorcycles. However, this did not bring the proper income, and the company began to produce bodies for the Austin Seven, a popular car at the time. The finished SS bodies were beautiful and graceful, which boosted sales despite the higher price tag compared to the standard Austin.
In 1927, the company expanded production to manufacture components for the Morris Cowley, Fiat 509A and Wolseley Hornet. The accumulated experience and some capital raised from several large orders allowed the brand to start designing its own models.
1929 saw the release of the first SS with a sleek design and seating for two passengers. Its looks and innovative technical stuffing indicate the automaker's intention to participate in racing.
In 1931, at the London Motor Show, the company unveiled its SS 1. It immediately attracted public attention thanks to its low, sleek, oblong body. The car was equipped with an in-line six-cylinder 2-liter engine with a capacity of 15 hp. and could accelerate to 113 km / h. It featured an exquisitely designed interior with leather upholstery and polished wood trim. When developing a car, the focus was on appearance rather than performance.
Jaguar SS 1 (1931-1936)
After that comes the SS 2 with a 1-liter four-cylinder engine and a wider chassis than the SS 1.
In 1935, the first sedan with a 2.5-liter power unit appears, which received two sports modifications: SS 90 and SS 100.
The SS 90 was named for its top speed of 90 mph (140 km / h). It was equipped with a 2.5-liter six-cylinder engine with 68 hp. This car, like other models of the brand, quickly attracted the attention of the public due to its striking, elegant appearance. However, the sports fraternity soon became disillusioned with him, as the technical characteristics did not match the appearance.
In response to criticism of the car for its overly cultivated show component, the brand hired several engineers to boost the engine. The result is a 2.5-liter power unit began to produce 102 hp. It became a real sensation when it was presented to the public on September 21, 1935 at the Mayfair Hotel in London. Already on September 24, Motor magazine praised not only the attractive price, but also the outstanding performance of the new product.
In 1938, a 3.5-liter engine was added to the line of power units, and bodies began to be made entirely of steel.
In 1936, the SS Jaguar 100 sports car came out with a maximum speed of 100 miles per hour (about 160 km / h). He received an improved 2.5-liter engine, which developed up to 100 hp. In 1938, the volume of the engine was increased to 3.5 liters, and the power increased to 125 hp. Connoisseurs call this model one of the best cars of all time, and it is now highly regarded by collectors.
SS Jaguar 100 stood out for its low body position, large headlights with flat lenses and protective metal mesh, spectacular fenders connected to the footpegs, a low long hood with notches, suspension on semi-elliptical springs, large diameter spoke wheels, large fuel tank, drum brakes Girling. A total of 314 units of the model were produced. This car has won numerous awards in elegance competitions, international rallies and hill climbing competitions. In the fashion of that time, the models were given the name of the animal, which in the future will be assigned to the brand.
SS Jaguar 100 (1936-1940)
During World War II, the company produced equipment for the army. These were mainly off-road vehicles with a Ford engine and components for bombers. After the end of the war, the leadership decided to abandon the name SS because of the unpleasant associations caused by this abbreviation. Since the market already knew and loved the SS Jaguar 100, the company was renamed Jaguar Car Limited on March 23, 1945.
With its early post-war models, Jaguar was more successful than many other automakers. The brand was bought by Standard Motor Company, whose enterprises manufactured six-cylinder engines for it.
Jaguar is making a name for itself with several successful sports cars: Jaguar XK120, Jaguar XK140, Jaguar XK150 and Jaguar E-Type.
The XK120 debuted at the 1948 London Motor Show. Its shape largely repeated the previous cars of the brand: fenders flowing into each other, a long hood, a low stance, stretched headlights. It was the first car of the company to be equipped with an engine. own development... He received an aluminum block head, hydraulic pushers in the valve mechanism, two overhead camshafts, spark plugs located in the center of the hemispherical combustion chamber. This motor was so successful that it was produced for 38 years.
The model achieved a wild success and instead of the 200 planned, the brand produced 12,000 copies.
Jaguar XK120 (1948-1954)
In 1954, the XK120 was replaced by the XK140 with an initial output of 190 hp, which was then increased to 210 hp. Three years later, the XK140 was replaced by the XK150, which was equipped with a 265-horsepower power unit that accelerates the car to 210 km / h. The model is also notable for being the world's first production car with disc brakes on all wheels.
In 1950, XK120 took part in the 24 Hours of Le Mans competition and, although it did not reach the finish line, showed nice results... Then the XK120C, or C-Type, was released, which received a larger engine with three 210 hp carburetors. and lightweight body. The model has set a lap record. Throughout history, she won 37 international competitions.
In 1954, a new racing car, the D-Type, appeared. It was equipped with a 277-horsepower engine and developed up to 240 km / h. In 1961, the E-Type roadster debuted with a sleek body designed to reduce aerodynamics.
The Jaguar XK150 and later the 3.4-liter XK150 Roadster became very popular in the important American market. In 1960, Jaguar bought Daimler Motor Company. Since the end of the decade, the Daimler brand has been used by the automaker to denote its most luxurious sedans.
On July 11, 1965, a merger with British Motor Corporation Ltd. is announced. Until the 1980s, the brand produced several sports cars and sedans that were high quality and expensive.
The early 1970s saw the launch of the XJ12 with a 311 hp 12-cylinder engine. The Jaguar XJ-S, which appeared in 1975, was fitted with the AJ6 engine for the first time.
Jaguar XJ-S (1975-1996)
It soon became clear that an alliance with British Motor Corporation Ltd. does not give the automaker any benefits, so Jaguar shares are listed on the stock market separately. In 1980, John Egan became the head of the company, whose name is associated with the unprecedented prosperity of Jaguar. He put in place tight quality controls, streamlined delivery schedules and laid off about a third of its employees to cut costs.
In 1990 Jaguar brand moved to the Ford Motor Company. In 1999, it became part of the Premier Automotive Group along with Aston Martin and Volvo Cars, and since 2000, Land Rover.
As part of Ford, the brand expanded its lineup with the S-Type in 1999 and the X-Type in 2001. The latter was developed on the basis of a modified Ford CD132 platform and was the smallest car in the Jaguar range. In addition, this car was distinguished by the fact that its modification in the station wagon body became the first station wagon in the list of the brand's offerings. It was the first model designed by car designer Ian Callum.
Originally, the X-Type was only available with four-wheel drive and two engine options to choose from: a 2.5- or 3.0-liter gasoline V6. In 2002, the base 2.1-liter V6 powertrain and front-wheel drive system were added. All three engines were available with a five-speed automatic or manual transmission.
Jaguar appeared in Russia in 2004, when Land Rover Russia was entrusted with the task of promoting the brand. To carry out the operations, the logistics practices of Ford Motor Company CJSC were used. In 2009, the Jaguar Land Rover Academy was opened, which aims to improve the quality of customer service and training for work in dealerships.
In the first year of the brand's operation in Russia, only 400 cars were sold. In 2012, this figure was 1,506 units. At the same time, the XF and X-Type remain the best-selling models.
On June 2, 2008 the stamp was sold Indian company Tata Motors for £ 1.7bn.
In 2013, the brand introduced the new Jaguar F-Type sports car, which replaced the E-Type. It was originally offered in a convertible version, and then a coupe was released. His most powerful engine a volume of 5 liters produced 575 hp.
Jaguar F-Type (2013)
Now the company not only owns car factories and research centers, but also plans to build a large scientific unit that will be engaged in the development of a new generation of transport technologies. To achieve its goals, the brand attracts about 1,000 scientists and engineers and promises to amaze the world with impressive cars.
| Full title: | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd. |
| Other names: | Jaguar, Jaguar Cars Ltd. |
| Existence: | 1922 - today |
| Location: | United Kingdom: Coventry |
| Key figures: | Cyrus Mistry (Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Tata Group); Ralph Speth (CEO of Jaguar Land Rover); Adrian Hallmark (Global Brand Manager for Jaguar Cars) |
| Products: | cars |
| The lineup: |
Famous luxury car brand of English origin. The company is headquartered in Coventry, Midlands County and is currently part of the Ford Motors Corporation. Founded in 1925 by Sir Lyons William and Sir Walmsley William, it was first named Swallow Sidecar (also abbreviated as SS) and was engaged in the production of sidecars for motorcycles. But their dream of enriching themselves was a crushing fiasco, and Lyons switched his activities to developing bodies, taking as a basis the replaced "Austin 7". This idea of his was crowned with success and in 1927 he received a large fee for an order for the production of 500 of these bodies according to his sketches.
The body for "Austin 7" liked the car market so much that next orders soon followed, as a result of which the company began to gain success. Famous models such as the Morris Cowley, Wolseley Hornet, and Fiat 509A have purchased their bodies from Swallow Sidecar. The reputation gained, good recommendations and the proceeds from the sale of these bodies were spent on designing their own cars. Lyons was very carried away by his venture and went in the direction of two-seater sports cars. As early as 1931, Lyons presented his two new masterpieces, the SSI and SSII, at the London Summer Motor Show. Then the company received tremendous success and funding, thanks to which the first Jaguar SS90 saw the light a little later. The Jaguar got its name from Lyons, who, in his passion for sports cars, also had good marketing skills. Soon, the first Jaguar SS90 was joined by the second Jaguar SS100. This Jaguar became a classic of the genre and the best-selling model of the 40s, and the company received a new name ("Jaguar"). This move was also associated with the fact that the previous abbreviated abbreviation of the name of the company evoked among critics the memory of a criminal and active Nazi organization at that time.
The next striking success of the company is considered to be the date of appearance of the Jaguar XK120. The newly commissioned Heynes engine had a power of 105 hp. and due to this, the car could easily reach a speed of 126 km / h, which at that time was know-how. The car was recognized at the London Auto Show as the most fast car, the manufacturing company has become wildly popular.
Since then, more and more new models have been produced, such as the Jaguar Mk VII, Jaguar XK140, Jaguar XK120. In the 50s, the company improved the engine power to 190 horsepower. And already in the Jaguar, the XK120 introduced this novelty in terms of a cylinder volume of 2.4 liters.
1957-1960 - the time of active work of the company, during which it conquered the entire American auto market with models: XK150 and XK150 Roadster. The buyers were impressed by the power of these models, which was 220 horsepower, and the engine displacement was 2.4 liters and 3.8 liters, respectively.
1961 - 1988 - the company is famous for its sports cars and the appearance of representative sedans. The prices for them were high, but the quality absolutely corresponded to the chosen pricing policy, as it provided the car with a sufficiently high technical characteristics. At this time, the Jaguar company has become one position with Ferrari and Rolls - Royce.
"Jaguar" back in the 50s. began active cooperation with a British company called "Daimler". This company produced excellent cars from its conveyors, but very similar to jaguars, both in class and in technical characteristics. The company wasted no time and convinced the company to replace the production of its Daimlers with the production of Jaguars. Since 1960, the company "Daimler" became part of the Jaguar and began to produce exclusively its products. The company itself during this period experienced a financial crisis, as sales decreased. It was this fact that pushed the company, in order to avoid an economic catastrophe, to unite with the British Motor company. In 1966, she merges with her and in the same year the level of sales and, accordingly, the prestige of the company increases again.
During this short time, the already prestigious Jaguar company managed to participate with the new sensational novelty Jaguar XKE at the next exhibition in Geneva (1961), then make a splash at American car market (1962), a six-cylinder engine on the XJ6 (1968) and a twelve-cylinder engine with a power limit of 311 horsepower on the XJ12 (1972). The latter car has long been considered the most successful in the entire history of this company. But Jaguar never wanted to stop there.
September 1986 saw the premiere of the new high-end Jaguar XJ8 sedan. In 1973, a two-seater closed coupe on the Jaguar XJ saw the light of day. The speed of this car reached 250 kilometers per hour.
In 1988, Jaguar decided to participate in the British Auto Show with its new product - the Jaguar XJ220. The car became a resounding success, however, they decided to reconstruct this model. Excellency Cliff Rydell transferred these rights to Keith Helfet, and he presented the first version of the car in 1987, and then (in 1991) the second version of this car, but already the final one, at the Tokyo Motor Show.
In the next exhibition in Geneva in 1996, the following was presented sports model Jaguar XK8 / XKR, which has become known as a car, delivered as a coupe and a convertible.
In 2000, the Jaguar was introduced to participate in Formula-1. For such a grand event, the firm launched the new XKR "Silverstone" sports car. This car was produced only one hundred units, but these one hundred units became the fastest in the Jaguar line and began new chapter in the history of the creation of cars with the famous "Jaguar" emblem.
The story of Jaguar did not end there. Beginning in 2008, it began to be produced in various trim levels.
1920s
The history of Jaguar is the story of a great brand that began in 1922 with the founding of the Swallow Sidecar sidecar business by two partners, William Lyons and William Walmsley. By 1926, Swallow had grown to be the leading manufacturer of motorcycle sidecars in Britain, selling several hundred copies a month.
Despite the Wall Street Crash in 1929, Swallow's fresh, vibrant designs were a huge success.
1930s
An important milestone in the development of the business was Swallow's partnership with Standard Motor, which supplied engines and chassis. The expansion of the lineup required a new image and new names. That is why the company became S.S. Cars, and the cars produced are S.S.I and S.S.II. In 1934, William Walmsley retired, switching to trailer manufacturing. William Lyons bought out his stake and became the sole owner of the company.
1940s
In 1945, the company became Jaguar Cars. In 1949, the XK120 was presented for the first time at the British Auto Show. The name XK120 stood for engine model and top speed (in miles per hour). However, during the races on the Belgian route Ostend - Jabbeke, the car was able to reach a speed of 132 mph (212 km / h), gaining the reputation of "the fastest production car in the world."
1950s
1951 saw the triumph of the Jaguar crew of Peter Walker and Peter Whitehead at Le Mans. This achievement further contributed to the glory of Jaguar. In 1954, the C-Type was succeeded by the D-Type, the brainchild of designer Malcolm Sayer. The D ‑ Type design was so aerodynamically efficient that it maximum speed increased to 170 mph (270 km / h), and in test runs before Le Mans in 1954, he broke last year's lap record by 5 seconds.
1960s
The great achievement of these years was the appearance of the new E-Type sports car in 1961.
On July 11, 1966, at the Great Eastern Hotel in London, Sir William Lyons and Sir George Harriman issued a joint statement on the merger of British Motor Corporation Ltd. and Jaguar Cars Ltd. and the formation of British Motor Holdings.
1968 was the birth year of the legendary XJ series. The XJ6 sedan, designed by Sir Lyons, has become his longest-lived brainchild, with over 400,000 sold over the next 24 years.
1970s
In 1972, there were major personnel changes. William Lyons resigned. Chairman of the Board of Directors and general director Jaguar Cars was taken over by Frank England.
In 1975, the XJ-S replaced the E-Type. Designed by Malcolm Sayer to replace the iconic E-Type, the XJ-S inherits the sporty spirit of Jaguar in a luxurious and elegant way.
1980s
In 1980, the well-known entrepreneur John Egan took over at the helm of the company, supported by Sir William Lyons and managed to preserve the great traditions of Jaguar. In 1984, the Margaret Thatcher government privatized Jaguar Cars, retaining the golden share that protected Jaguar Cars from a takeover until 1990.
In 1985, the great founder of Jaguar, William Lyons, passed away.
1990s
1st January 1990 of the year Ford officially became the owner of Jaguar Cars. One of the main results of the arrival of Ford was the introduction of a constantly improving system of management and coordination between the various divisions of the company at Jaguar enterprises.
In 1996, the XK8 was born, embodying the best features of the brand. The XK8 surpassed all expectations to become the fastest-selling sports car in Jaguar history.
2000s
In 2008, Tata Motors completed the acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford Motor Company. Another highlight is the XF super sedan, captivating fans of the brand with its classic Jaguar combination of power, comfort and ease of handling. This model, like all new cars of the brand, was created under the leadership of chief designer Ian Callum.
2012 saw the premiere of "Jaguar's Sportiest Car of the Last 50 Years" - the F-TYPE. With a five-liter V8 engine with 495 hp. the convertible is capable of accelerating to a maximum of 300 km / h. To accelerate to a hundred, it takes only 4.3 seconds, and from 80 to 120 km / h - 2.5 seconds.
History of Jaguar "Jaguar Cars Ltd." starts from the 20s of the last century. In 1922, Sir Lyons William and his partner Sir Walmsley William founded Swallow Sidecar (SS for short) in the northern seaside town of Blackpool, which originally specialized in motorcycle sidecars. Very stylish aluminum strollers Swallow immediately attracted the attention of motorists. Determined not to be satisfied with what has already been achieved, the talented and enterprising William Lyons decides to try himself in a new direction - the production of Swallow car bodies.
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The company's first advancement in this area was the development of the bodywork for the Austin 7, which won the William Lyons company an order for 500 of these bodies. The funds raised and the increased reputation allowed Swallow Sidecar to establish itself in the body design market, making them for the Fiat, Morris, Swift, Standard and Wolseley models.
In 1931, due to the increase in production, the company moved from Blackpool to more spacious industrial premises in Coventry. William Lyons begins designing his own cars with a passion for two-seater sports models, which brings the company another success at the London Motor Show. The SS 1, whose chassis and body design were entirely developed by Lyons, was voted the sportiest of all Swallow models. From a long list of bird and animal names that represent speed and power combined with beauty and grace, Lyons chose Jaguar for his firstborn. The SS 1 subsequently became the prototype for the open-top SS 1 Tourer, which is called Jaguar's first true sports car.
In the early 40s, automobile production at Swallow was suspended due to the outbreak of World War II. All car manufacturers, including Swallow Sidecar, took an active part in the execution of military government orders.
1948 is marked by a restart automotive production... Swallow Sidecar changes its name to Jaguar Cars Ltd. Development of the revolutionary 2 - and subsequently 4 - cylinder Jaguar engine begins. The new Jaguar series of cars was named "X" (from the word "experimental"), later known as the XK series of cars.
In 1948, the company was expecting new success at the London Motor Show, where the first presented Jaguar XK120 attracted all the eyes of motorists. Powered by a 105 hp Heynes engine, this car easily reached a speed of 126 km / h and was recognized as the fastest production car.
In the 50s, Jaguar XK Mark V, Mark VII., Jaguar XK140 cars were produced.
From 1950 to 1960, the company conquered the American market, where the Jaguar XK150 and XK150 Roadster models, with engines from 2.4 to 3.8 liters and power up to 220 hp. enjoy great success. The demand for Jaguar cars was so great that it became necessary to open another Jaguar car factory in Browns Lane.
The fifties were marked by a series of Jaguar sports victories. The C-Type and D-Type models, equipped with adapted XK engines, have won the Le Mans sport races for seven years. The success of the Jaguar team and winning the Grand Prix in the championship in 1959, 60, 63 and 65 have forever linked this name to the history of victories in motor racing.
In 1956, Queen Elizabeth II of England awarded William Lyons the title of Royal Designer of the Automotive Industry. He was also awarded the title of Royal Knight for his great contribution to the development of the country's automotive industry.
In 1961, the Jaguar design team began work on the D-Type car receiver. The ravenous curves of this racing car are transformed into the stylish, sensual body lines of the legendary E-Type, powered by a 3.8-liter XK engine and full new system rear suspension... The Jaguar E-type, one of the most beloved vehicles in Jaguar history, is considered one of the foremost exponents of innovative thinking, style and cutting-edge technology at the time.
The 1961 Jaguar XK E-Type caused sensational success at the Geneva show. In 1962, the Jaguar Mark X was expected to be a success in the American automobile market.
In 1968 appeared new sedan Jaguar XJ6 (six-cylinder engine), which has won numerous awards, including the title of "Car of the Year". A little later, in 1971, the Jaguar XJ 12 appeared with a 12-cylinder engine producing 311 hp, which for many years was the most powerful version of the Jaguar engine.
1975 saw the introduction of the Jaguar XJ-S, equipped with an E-Type suspension, a modern four-seater saloon and a powerful 12-cylinder engine. He continued the sporting tradition of Jaguar by winning the World Championship in 1977 and 1978.
In 1986, the XJ6 was introduced with an improved 24-valve aluminum AJ-6 engine and a more modern electronic system management including on-board computer... Continuous work to improve the quality of Jaguar vehicles has led to a revival of the tradition of the Jaguar 6-cylinder sports car.
The Jaguar XJ220 became a real sensation at the 1988 British Motor Show. The first version of this car was created by Cliff Rudell, and was then refined by Keith Helfet in 1987. The final version of the car was presented at the 1991 Tokyo Motor Show. This legendary car, released in a limited edition - only 280 copies, and to this day is the cherished dream of many automotive collectors in the world. Also in 1988, the Jaguar Sport division was opened, which develops sports prototypes based on the production Jaguar XJ 220 family.
1991-94 was the period of development of a new model Jaguar series... In 1993, the Browns Lane plant, built back in the 1950s, was quickly rebuilt to produce new series XJ. New engine The 6.0-liter V12 is more powerful, modern and more fuel efficient than its predecessor, the Daimler Double Six.
In March 1996, the sports model Jaguar XK8 / XKR in coupe and convertible versions was presented in Geneva. This car with the new AJ V8 engine went on sale in October and immediately attracted the attention of motorists.
October 21, 1998 at the Birmingham Motor Show was presented new model decades - business class sedan Jaguar S-type. This all-new vehicle combines modern design with individual Jaguar styling cues. The body design of this car was based on the popular Jaguar Mark II car in the early 60s.
In November 2000, the management of the company officially announced the development of a new "most remarkable model in the history of Jaguar" - the all-wheel drive Jaguar X-Type. The appearance of this car became a symbol of a completely new future for a company that for the first time got the opportunity thanks to lineup of 4 cars to fight for leadership on an equal footing with other manufacturers of luxury brands.
In 2002, at the September Motor Show in Paris, the presentation of the new Jaguar XJ model took place. This seventeenth XJ model, thanks to its all-aluminum body, is 200 kg lighter than its predecessors and even classmates. New Jaguar The XJ is the epitome of traditional Jaguar styling while combining sophisticated design and luxurious interior trim with the latest in automotive technology.
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