1920s
The story of Jaguar is that of a great brand that began in 1922 with the founding of the Swallow Sidecar sidecar business by two partners, William Lyons and William Walmsley. By 1926, Swallow had become Britain's leading manufacturer of motorcycle sidecars, selling several hundred each month.
Despite the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the fresh, colorful Swallows were a huge success.
1930s
An important step in the development of the business was Swallow's partnership with Standard Motor, which began to supply engines and chassis. The expansion of the model range required a new image and new names. That is why the company became known as S.S. Cars, and produced cars - S.S.I and S.S.II. In 1934, William Walmsley retired from business, switching to the production of trailers. William Lyons bought out his share and became the sole owner of the company.
1940s
In 1945 the company became known as Jaguar Cars. In 1949, the XK120 was first introduced at the British Motor Show. The name XK120 meant the engine model and top speed (in miles per hour). However, during races on the Belgian Ostend-Jabbeke track, the car was able to reach a speed of 132 miles / h (212 km / h), gaining fame as “the fastest production car in the world.”
1950s
1951 saw the triumph of the Jaguar crew of Peter Walker and Peter Whitehead at Le Mans. This achievement further contributed to the glory of Jaguar. In 1954, the C‑Type was succeeded by the D‑Type, the brainchild of designer Malcolm Sayer. The D-Type design was so aerodynamically efficient that its top speed increased to 170 mph (270 km/h), and in test runs before the Le Mans race in 1954, it broke last year's lap record by 5 seconds.
1960s
The great achievement of these years was the introduction of the new E-Type sports car in 1961.
On 11 July 1966, at London's Great Eastern Hotel, Sir William Lyons and Sir George Harriman issued a joint statement declaring the merger of British Motor Corporation Ltd. and Jaguar Cars Ltd. and the formation of British Motor Holdings.
1968 was the birth year of the legendary XJ series. The XJ6 sedan, designed by Sir Lyons, became his longest-lived brainchild: over 400,000 units were sold over the next 24 years.
1970s
In 1972 there were major personnel changes. William Lyons retired. The post of Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO Jaguar Cars was taken over by Frank "Lofty" England.
In 1975, the XJ-S replaced the E‑Type. Designed by Malcolm Sayer as a successor to the iconic E-Type, the XJ-S inherits Jaguar's sporty spirit in unmistakably luxurious and elegant fashion.
1980s
In 1980, the well-known entrepreneur John Egan, who was supported by Sir William Lyons, became at the helm of the company and who managed to maintain the great traditions of Jaguar. In 1984, the government of Margaret Thatcher privatized Jaguar Cars, retaining the "golden share", which protected Jaguar Cars from takeover until 1990.
In 1985, the great founder of Jaguar, William Lyons, passed away.
1990s
January 1st 1990 year Ford officially became the owner of Jaguar Cars. One of the main results of Ford's arrival was the introduction of an ever-improving system of management and coordination between various divisions of the company at Jaguar enterprises.
In 1996, the XK8 model was born, embodying the best features of the brand. The XK8 surpassed all expectations and became the fastest selling sports car in Jaguar history.
2000s
In 2008, Tata Motors completed the acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover at Ford motor. Another bright novelty was the XF super sedan, which captivated fans of the brand with a classic Jaguar combination of power, comfort and ease of operation. This model, like all new cars of the brand, was created under the leadership of chief designer Ian Callum.
In 2012, the premiere of "Jaguar's most sporty car in the past 50 years" - F‑TYPE. With a five-liter V8 engine producing 495 hp. the convertible is capable of accelerating to a maximum of 300 km/h. To accelerate to hundreds, it takes only 4.3 seconds, and from 80 to 120 km / h - 2.5 seconds.
The car with a graceful name and a powerful engine was produced by branches of the Jaguar company - this is rainy Great Britain. In 2008, the car brand became owned by Indian company for production Tata cars motors. A luxury car is one of the most expensive among its counterparts in the market.
Jaguar release history
Production began with the release of sidecars in 1922, and the company was called the Swallow Sidecar Company. With the victory of the USSR and the bloc of allies, the name was reformed into a more harmonious Jaguar.
This was done on purpose, after the Second World War the policy of the victorious countries was aimed at denazification. And the abbreviated name of the company SS did not fit into the new world order.
Jaguar's country of origin nationalized production in 1975, before that Jaguar merged with British Motor Corporation and Leyland Motor Corporation in 1966 and 1968.
Ultimately, the Jaguar company split up and threw British Leyland away from itself. Thanks to what appeared on the stock exchange in London. From 1984 to 1990 securities firms were listed and were a constituent of the FTSE 100.
"Jaguar" in our time
Somewhere in the late 1990s car company fully redeemed Ford. In the country of origin of the Jaguar, the car is mainly produced executive class for the first persons of Great Britain.
Was introduced in 2010, and so far this latest development famous company. She also supplied cars for Elizabeth II, who is currently the current queen of the Jaguar-producing country. The car is also known for the fact that the famous Prince Charles drove it.
Development
Since 1987, the engineering association "Jaguar Land Rover" has been designing cars. It is located on the factory site of several cities in the Jaguar producing country, as shown below:
- Utli.
- Conventry.
- Gaydon.
- Warwickshire.
The machine assembly shop is located in Birmingham, where the Castle Bromwich plant is also located. According to some reports, the company plans to move part of the production to Solihull.
Ford's grandiose plans have reached the universities of Coventry. It is stated that about $138,500,000 will be spent on the development of the automotive industry and the improvement of existing technologies. Together, about a thousand scientists of various fields will work on innovations, and in technical terms they will be assisted by engineering staff.
Management
As you have noticed, at the beginning of the article, the Indian automotive concern Tata Motors acts as the owner of the company. And then it only talks about Ford. Let's figure out who owns the rights to the Jaguar car, who is the manufacturer, we will also find out.
Tata Motors announced in March 2008 that it would like to buy all production rights from Ford and the license for Jaguar Land Rover. And already in the summer of the same year, the deal was formalized and the rights to the Jaguar were transferred to an Indian company.
Factories
Jaguars are currently produced at one plant in India and two in the UK. Production is supervised by Tata Motors. The company plans to open several more factories in Saudi Arabia and China. This is explained by the expansion of the market and the attraction of new customers.
Some produced models of cars are limited and practically not available to the average buyer. But the XF and XJ brands are freely available, and it will not be difficult to buy them. Prices for medium-sized cars start at $17,000, which is about 1,000,000 rubles in Russian rubles.
Total
It is impossible to say in one person about the manufacturing country of the Jaguar, because the production is located in the UK and India. And in the future, the construction of new factories in Saudi Arabia and China. Let's hope that Tato Motors will keep the tradition and continue to delight customers. excellent quality assembly and impressive appearance.
In 2008, Ford sold two of its divisions (Land Rover and Jaguar) to India's TATA.And Jaguar started with the production of sidecars for motorcycles, but then switched to the production of bodies for cars. This experience turned out to be successful and Jaguar gradually moved to the production of its own cars.
In 1925, William Lyons and William Walmsley founded the Swallow Sidecar company, which was engaged in the production of sidecars for motorcycles. But this occupation did not bring tangible financial profit and the company is trying to establish production car bodies. One of the first was an order to develop a body for the Austin Seven. According to historians, up to 500 bodies were made for this model. The body experience turned out to be successful and orders were subsequently completed for the construction of bodies for Fiat cars 509A, Morris Cowley and Wolseley Hornet. The customers were satisfied and Lyons decided to take the risk of creating his own car brand. On the London car exhibition in 1931, the company announced itself with two models at once - SS-1 and SS-2. In 1945, the company received its current name - Jaguar, abandoning the abbreviation SS (According to some reports, the letters SS frightened public opinion because of the similarity with Nazi symbols). In 1948, the Jaguar XK-120 appeared, which was recognized as one of the fastest production cars - it accelerated to 126 km / h. In 1984, Jaguar comes under the control of the Ford concern. But the profile of the company does not change, Jaguar is still a manufacturer of very expensive and very high quality English cars with a sporty nature. In 2001, the Jaguar X-Type comes out - the first D-class car in the company's history, created on the basis of Ford Mondeo. Moreover, the first X-Types had all-wheel drive. In 2003 comes out diesel version X-Type - the first in the history of the company diesel car. In 2008, Jaguar comes under the control of the Indian TATA.
Jaguar is a car brand owned by Indian Tata Motors. The headquarters is in Whitley, UK.
The history of the brand began in 1922, when William Lyons and William Walmsley founded the Swallow Sidecar company (swallow - “swallow”, sidecar - “sidecar for motorcycles”). The main activity, as the name implies, was the manufacture of sidecars for motorcycles. However, this did not bring proper income, and the company began to produce bodies for the Austin Seven, a popular car at that time. The finished SS bodies were beautiful and sleek, which boosted sales despite the higher price tag compared to standard Austins.
In 1927, the company expanded production to make parts for the Morris Cowley, Fiat 509A, and Wolseley Hornet. The accumulated experience and some capital gained from several large orders allowed the brand to start designing its own models.
In 1929, the first SS car was released with a streamlined design and seats for two passengers. Its appearance and innovative technical "stuffing" indicate the intention of the automaker to participate in the race.
In 1931, at the London Motor Show, the company presented its SS 1. It immediately attracted the attention of the public due to its low, elegant oblong body. The car was equipped with an in-line six-cylinder 2-liter engine with 15 hp. and could accelerate to 113 km / h. She was distinguished by an exquisitely designed interior with leather upholstery, as well as polished wood trim. When developing a car, the bet was made on appearance and not on performance.
Jaguar SS 1 (1931-1936)
After that comes the SS 2 with a 1 liter four-cylinder engine and a wider chassis than the SS 1.
In 1935, the first sedan with a 2.5-liter power unit appeared, which received two sports modifications: SS 90 and SS 100.
The SS 90 was named for its top speed: 90 miles per hour (140 km/h). It was equipped with a 2.5-liter six-cylinder engine with 68 hp. This car, like other models of the brand, quickly attracted the attention of the public due to its bright elegant appearance. However, the sports fraternity soon became disillusioned with him, as specifications did not match the appearance.
In response to criticism of the car, regarding its over-cultivated show component, the brand hired several engineers to boost the motor. The result is a 2.5 liter power unit began to give out 102 hp It became a real sensation when it was presented to the public on September 21, 1935 at London's Mayfair Hotel. Already on September 24, Motor magazine praised not only the attractive price, but also the outstanding performance of the new product.
In 1938, a 3.5-liter engine was added to the line of power units, and the bodies began to be made entirely of steel.
Released in 1936 sport car SS Jaguar 100 with a "maximum speed" of 100 miles per hour (about 160 km / h). He received an improved 2.5-liter engine, which developed up to 100 hp. In 1938, the volume of the engine was increased to 3.5 liters, and the power increased to 125 hp. Connoisseurs call this model one of the best cars of all time and is now highly prized by collectors.
The SS Jaguar 100 was distinguished by a low body position, large headlights with flat lenses and a protective metal mesh, spectacular fenders connected to the running boards, a low long bonnet with notches, suspension on semi-elliptical springs, large-diameter spoked wheels, large fuel tank, drum brakes Girling. A total of 314 units of the model were produced. This car has won many awards in elegance competitions, international rallies, climbing competitions. According to the fashion of that time, the models were given the name of the animal, which in the future will be assigned to the brand.
SS Jaguar 100 (1936-1940)
During the Second World War, the company produced equipment for the army. Mostly they were SUVs with Ford engine and components for bombers. After the end of the war, the leadership decided to abandon the name SS because of the unpleasant associations caused by this abbreviation. Since the market already knew and loved the SS Jaguar 100, the company was renamed Jaguar Car Limited on March 23, 1945.
With its early post-war models, Jaguar was more successful than many other automakers. The brand was bought by the Standard Motor Company, whose enterprises manufactured six-cylinder engines for it.
Jaguar is making a name for itself with several successful sports cars: Jaguar XK120, Jaguar XK140, Jaguar XK150 and Jaguar E-Type.
The XK120 debuted at the London Motor Show in 1948. Its shape largely repeated the previous cars of the brand: fenders flowing into each other, a long hood, a low landing, stretched headlights. It was the first car of the company, which was equipped with an engine own design. He received an aluminum block head, hydraulic tappets in the valve mechanism, two overhead camshafts, spark plugs located in the center of the hemispherical combustion chamber. This motor was so successful that it was produced for 38 years.
The model was a wild success and instead of the planned 200, the brand produced 12,000 copies.
Jaguar XK120 (1948-1954)
In 1954, the XK120 was replaced by the XK140 with an initial output of 190 hp, which was then increased to 210 hp. Three years later, the XK140 was replaced by the XK150, which was equipped with a 265-horsepower power unit that accelerates the car to 210 km / h. The model is also notable for being the world's first mass-produced car with disc brakes on all wheels.
In 1950, the XK120 took part in the 24 Hours of Le Mans competition and, although it did not make it to the finish line, showed nice results. Then the XK120C, or C-Type, was released, which received bigger motor with three 210 hp carburetors. and lightweight body. The model set a lap record. Throughout history, she has won 37 international competitions.
In 1954 a new racing car— D type. It was equipped with a 277-horsepower engine and developed up to 240 km / h. In 1961, the E-Type roadster debuted with a sleek body designed to reduce aerodynamics.
The Jaguar XK150 and then the 3.4-litre XK150 Roadster became very popular in the important American market. In 1960, Jaguar bought Daimler motor company. Since the end of the decade, the Daimler brand has been used by the automaker to designate its most luxurious sedans.
On July 11, 1965, a merger with British Motor Corporation Ltd was announced. Until the 1980s, the brand produced several sports cars and sedans that were high quality and expensive.
The beginning of the 70s was marked by the release of the XJ12 model with a 311-horsepower 12-cylinder engine. On the Jaguar XJ-S model, which appeared in 1975, the AJ6 engine was installed for the first time.
Jaguar XJ-S (1975-1996)
It soon became clear that the alliance with British Motor Corporation Ltd. does not give the automaker any benefits, so Jaguar shares began to be listed on stock market separately. In 1980, John Egan, whose name is associated with the unprecedented prosperity of Jaguar, becomes the head of the company. He introduced tight quality controls, streamlined delivery schedules, and laid off about a third of his workers to cut costs.
In 1990, the Jaguar brand was taken over by Ford Motor Company. In 1999, it became part of the Premier Automotive Group along with Aston Martin and Volvo Cars, and since 2000 also Land Rover.
While part of Ford, the brand expanded its lineup with S-Type models in 1999 and X-Type in 2001. The latter was developed on the basis of a modified Ford CD132 platform and was the most compact car in the model next to Jaguar. In addition, this car was distinguished by the fact that its station wagon modification became the first station wagon in the list of brand offers. It was the first model designed by automotive designer Ian Callum.
The X-Type was originally only available with all-wheel drive and two engine options to choose from: 2.5- or 3.0-liter petrol V6. In 2002, a base 2.1-liter V6 powertrain was added and a system front wheel drive. All three engines were available with a five-speed automatic or mechanical box gears.
Jaguar appeared in Russia in 2004, when Land Rover Russia was entrusted with the task of promoting the brand. For the implementation of operations, the logistics developments of CJSC Ford Motor Company were used. In 2009, the Jaguar Land Rover Academy was opened, which aims to improve the quality of customer service and train personnel for work in dealerships.
In the first year of the brand's operation in Russia, only 400 cars were sold. In 2012, this figure was 1,506 units. At the same time, XF and X-Type remain the best-selling models.
On June 2, 2008, the brand was sold to the Indian company Tata Motors for £1.7 billion.
In 2013, the brand introduced the new Jaguar F-Type sports car, which replaced the E-Type. Initially it was offered in a convertible version, and then a coupe was released. His most powerful engine a volume of 5 liters gave out 575 hp.
Jaguar F-Type (2013)
Now the company not only owns automobile factories and research centers, but also plans to build a large scientific division, which will be engaged in the development of a new generation of transport technologies. To realize its goals, the brand attracts about 1,000 scientists and engineers and promises to amaze the world with impressive cars.
Jaguar (Jaguar) is an English automobile manufacturer that produces cars luxury class, part of the Ford Motor Corporation. The company's headquarters are located in Coventry, England.
Jaguar was founded in 1925 by two namesakes, Sir William Lyons and Sir William Walmsley. Initially, the company was called Swallow Sidecar (abbreviated as SS) and was engaged in the production of sidecars for motorcycles. However, the production turned out to be unprofitable and it was decided to switch to the production of bodies for the then-famous Austin 7 car. In 1927, 500 such orders were completed. The company has gained a good reputation and has already received orders for body design for the Fiat 509A, Morris Cowley, Wolseley Hornet models.
However, William Lyons didn't stop there. He dreamed of making his own car. In the summer of 1913, at the London Motor Show, the world saw the first two creations of the Jaguar / Swallow Sidecar - SSI and SSII. The models were successful and were followed by the Jaguar SS90 and Jaguar SS100. William Walmes himself gave the name "Jaguar" to his cars. The Jaguar SS100 was a great success, becoming a classic sports model of the 1940s.
In 1945, the company became known as Jaguar (Jaguar), as the abbreviation SS caused unwanted associations with the criminal Nazi organization. New success came to the company in 1948 at the same London Motor Show, where all eyes were attracted new Jaguar XK120. Equipped with a 105 hp Heynes engine, this car easily reached speeds of 126 km / h and was recognized as the fastest among production cars.
The fifties begin with the release of the Jaguar Mk VII. The next was the XK140 model, which in 1954 replaced the Jaguar XK120 in production, the engine power increased to 190 hp. with a cylinder volume of 2.4 liters.
From 1957 to 1960, the company makes an active breakthrough in the American market, where it is represented by the Jaguar XK150 and XK150 Roadster models, with engines from 2.4 to 3.8 liters, up to 220 hp.
From 1961 to 1988 the company introduced a range of sports coupe and executive sedans, distinguished by a high price and the same high performance. In terms of prestige, Jaguar cars can only be compared with Ferrari and Rolls-Royse.
Since the 1950s, the Jaguar has been closely cooperating with the English company Deimler, whose traditionally luxurious cars, similar in class to the Jaguars, are gradually being replaced by the Jaguars produced at the Deimler factories. Since 1960, "Deimler" has been part of the Jaguar (Jaguar). The Jaguar company itself, experiencing obvious difficulties with sales, in 1966 merged with British Motor.
1961 - Jaguar XKE - a sensation at the exhibition in Geneva.
1962 - Jaguar MkX - success in the American automobile market.
In 1968, the Jaguar XJ6 (6-six-cylinder engine) appeared. A little later, in 1972, the Jaguar XJ12 appeared with a 311 hp 12-cylinder engine, which for a long time was the most powerful version of the Jaguar.
In the fall of 1968, the first show of the sedan upper class Jaguar XJ8. In September 1994: new model(X 300), XJR 4.0 Super Charged with compressor.
1973 - Jaguar XJ - two-seater closed coupe. Max speed up to 250km/h.
1983 - Jaguar XJ-S - 3.6 liters, 225 hp, new proprietary engine - AJ6.
Jaguar XJ220 was first presented at the 1988 British Auto Show, where it made a splash. The first version was created by Cliff Rudell. However, in 1987 it was modified by Keith Helfet. The final version of the car was presented in 1991 at the Tokyo Motor Show. In 1993, a sports lightweight modification "Jaguar XJ220-C" was introduced.
1988 - the opening of the Jaguar Sport division, which develops sports prototypes based on the serial Jaguar XJ220 family.
1989 - Jaguar becomes a subsidiary of Ford.
1991-94 - new the lineup XJ
In March 1996, in Geneva, was presented sports model Jaguar XK8/XKR. Available as coupe and convertible.
Jaguar S-type, a business class car (sedan), introduced October 21, 1998 in Birmingham.
In Detroit in 2000, a show took place sports roadster luxury F-type Concept. Applied to car latest technology production of headlights "Baroptic".
X type model, compact sedan luxury class, introduced in 2000.
2000 was a turning point for Jaguar. The company has re-entered the Formula-1 arena. This event was timed to release a new sports car - XKR "Silverstone". Only one hundred copies were put into production. It remains to be hoped that the Jaguar will continue to please us with new victories and original solutions.
