The main production of which is located in America. Produces not only cars ("Mercury", "Ford", "Lincoln"), but also trucks, and versatile agricultural machinery.
The history of Ford is unambiguously connected with its discoverer, director and simply a genius man, Henry Ford.
The stage of the birth of the company from 1900 to 1920
The company is located in a small carriage factory. One of the first significant achievements of Henry Ford was the "Model A" stroller for transporting passengers. Its work was carried out at the expense of eight horsepower.
The car was considered the most perfect of all on the market. Its ease of control attracted even the most discerning gentlemen. For the next five years, Henry Ford was engaged in a constant increase in the production of this type of transport. This served as a significant impetus. Wheelchair models were constantly being modernized and improved. However, many of them have not gone beyond the experimental level.
Henry Ford's company made a huge breakthrough in 1911. The "Iron Lizzie" car, newly created by the brilliant designer, became available to a huge number of the population. The second name of the machine is "Model T". In the auto industry, such a modification was used in a special and. The price component for the Model T hovered around two hundred and sixty dollars. About 11 thousand units of equipment were sold during the year.
Mass production of cars begins precisely after the appearance on the car market of "Iron Lizzie", and the demand for personal vehicles began to gain incredible momentum.
Parallel to production famous model some are being developed. Among them are ambulances, pick-ups, small buses and vehicles for the transport of goods.
In order to meet significant consumer demand, Henry Ford switches to conveyor production... At the same time, the work of each participant in the process has a narrow focus, forces are not scattered across several phases of the process at once. The moving conveyor literally revolutionized the automotive industry..
Second stage of development from 1920 to 1940
The rhythm of people's lives was constantly increasing, as was the production capacity of the company. The developers worked day and night on new inventions that would meet all the requirements of the population.
1932 was marked by the release of a monolithic eight-cylinder V-shaped power unit... Ford pioneered the creation of such equipment. with such an engine has long been a priority for a huge number of Americans.
The video shows the history of the Ford brand:
After two years, revised power unit appeared on many trucks.
In the same period, buyers begin to think about the safety of the car. This question becomes relevant for Henry Ford as well. The company's factories are starting to produce safety glass. The risks of harm to the human body are constantly minimized. Most of the company's policy is based on ensuring the safety of both the driver and passengers.
People's love for the Ford brand is growing at an exorbitant pace. Cars occupy their cell in America, as well as in Russia and Europe. are considered truly folk.
The period from the forties to the sixties
In the early forties, the company put all its strength and power into creating a specialized military equipment... The production of civilian vehicles was temporarily suspended.
During the war, the Ford plant produced 57,000 aircraft engines, 86,000 B-24 Liberator bombers and 250,000 tanks.
In 1945, Henry Ford retired from business after long and fruitful years. He transfers all his rights to his grandson Henry Ford Jr. In 1947, the founder famous company dies on his own estate. At that time he was 83 years old.
However, the company under the leadership of the grandson is still flourishing. was introduced in 1949 at the New York automobile exhibition... She had a number of features:
- independent front suspension;
- smooth side panels;
- rear side windows that can be opened.
The integration of fenders and bodywork became the standard for future automotive design. The sale of these cars was a colossal breakthrough in the life of the company. The volume of units sold has exceeded.
The company's profits began to grow at an accelerated pace. Accordingly, production capacities began to expand: new factories, laboratories, and test sites appear.
The company is entering the financial business, studying the specifics of insurance. Expands its activities in the industries of electronics and space technology. Today, the shareholders of the corporation "Ford" are 700 thousand people.
Period from 1960 to 1980
The main direction of the corporation in the sixties was youth. The production is dominated by affordable sports cars with modern and creative designs.
Period since 1980
During this period, the competitiveness of other manufacturers increases significantly. To stay afloat, the corporation begins to practice implementation the latest technologies not only in cars, but also in other industrial areas.
The main goal of designers is to create a world leader for executive class... The middle price segment also did not go unnoticed.
To demonstrate all its capabilities, the Ford company produces two models: Mercury Sable, Ford Taurus. Every detail in a car is absolutely perfect. As a result, the Taurus became the 1986 car. In the late eighties, both machines underwent crushing. All of America was on its knees before them.
Subsequent innovative models were "Ford-Mondeo" and subjected to global restyling "Mustang". Galaxy minivans and F-series pickups appeared in Europe.
The main motto of the company: "While reducing production costs, seek continuous improvement of their products."
In our time, the Ford brand has earned recognition all over the world. More than seventy are produced by factories. The most famous of them are: Lincoln, Ford, Jaguar, Aston Martin.
The company "Ford", in addition to its own numerous production facilities, has a significant number of shares in corporations "Kia Motors Corporation" and "Mazda Motor Corporation".
The leaders of the American company do not stop there and constantly work to improve their capabilities.
Each of us would like to work as close to home as possible, so as not to waste precious hours on the road. Sometimes we manage to find a comfortable job, and sometimes, in pursuit of decent pay, we even have to move. But Henry Ford was not one of those. He built his entire colossal empire not far from the place where he was born and never lived anywhere else.
It is a well-known fact that Henry Ford was born into a farmer's family in a village called Greenfield, near Detroit, where he spent his childhood. But, fortunately, he did not work out with work on the farm, so he went to work in Detroit. For life, he chose the town of Dearborn. In 1915 the Fairlane estate was built for him. In 1917, construction of the largest automobile plant in the world began there, and in 1956, with the completion of the Ford Motor Company headquarters, Dearborn became the home of the corporation forever. Let's take a short virtual journey through the hometown of one of the world's most expensive companies.
By the way, it should be noted that the first settlement on the site of Dearborn was founded by the French colonizer Antoine Lome de Lamotte de Cadillac, after whom the Cadillac automobile brand was named.
The central building and symbol of the city was not the mayor's office or the church, but the headquarters of Ford, which was named the "glass house" immediately after construction. The building is not the most impressive by today's standards, however, in 1956, the 12-storey building of glass and concrete with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 88 thousand square meters and designed for 3,000 employees looked quite impressive. The company that designed it even won two prestigious awards for its work. The complex also includes two annexes: a cafe and a banquet hall, plus a huge garage for 1500 cars.
For various significant events, at night, the lights in the building are lit in such a way as to convey a message. For example, on September 15, 2008, the Ford team congratulated their main competitors by highlighting the "Happy 100 GM" on the facade, 50 years ago they announced the victory of the Ford GT 24 Hours of Le Mans in the same way, and this year they celebrated the anniversary of this victory.
In early 2016, the company announced its plans in 2021 to begin a complete reconstruction of the building with the addition of existing, as well as new administrative buildings.
The headquarters was built on land that was once owned by Henry Ford himself and was part of his Fair Lane estate, which today covers about 530 hectares. The center of the estate is luxury home 56 rooms with an area of \u200b\u200b2900 square meters. The house was built in 1915 and had a swimming pool and bowling alley.
The entire estate is supplied with electricity from its own power plant located at the dam of the Rouge River, and the power of this power plant is also sufficient to supply electricity to part of Dearborn. The property also houses Henry Ford's workshop and garage, a playhouse for children, a staff house, a stable, a greenhouse, a greenhouse, and a boathouse for water transport.
In 1957, the estate was donated to the University of Michigan, and the main house, garage, and power plant are now museums. In the line of American and Australian Ford, the Fairlane car was produced, named after the residence of the company's founder.
Nearby is another historically important place - the River Rouge plant, which at the time of its inception became the largest plant in the world with all production cycles - from ore processing to the finished product leaving the gate. Construction began in 1917 and was completed only in 1928. Everything is explained by the scale of the project - 1.6 kilometers along the Rouge River and 2.4 kilometers wide, the boundaries of a complex consisting of 93 buildings, about 160 kilometers of railway tracks on the territory, its own power plant, and its own pier are spread. The grandiose complex was able to provide more than 100,000 jobs during the most difficult 1930s for the United States - the years of the Great Depression. The population of Dearborn in those years increased by almost 2,000%, from 5,000 to 50,000.
The first finished product left the factory already in 1918, and not through the gate, but along the river, since it was a gunboat ordered by the US government to participate in the First World War. After the war, the plant switched to the production of tractors, as well as components. Ford model T, which was finally assembled at another plant. In 1932 he began producing the legendary Model B with the Flathead V8. Four generations have been produced here since 1964 Ford mustang, and from 1948 to the present day - the iconic F-150 pickup truck. The plant employs about 6,000 people, and the rule for employees is: in the main parking lot, you can only park in a car manufactured by FoMoCo, otherwise you have to stomp from the far parking lot to the entrance. It's a shame, but true!
In 1929 the plant was visited by the Supreme Council National economy The USSR was so impressed that it signed an agreement with Ford Motor Company to assist in the construction of a similar plant on the territory of the Union. In 1932, the first car, the GAZ-AA, left the gates of the production facility built by the Americans.
The scale of the figure of Henry Ford is so huge that almost everything in the city bears the name of the great industrialist: libraries, colleges, universities, theaters, there was even a Ford airport. Henry Ford loved his small homeland, and she is grateful to him to this day.
Ford Motor Company is the famous American car company... It ranks 4th in the world in terms of sales over the past hundred years. The company currently has offices in more than 60 countries around the world. Often motorists have a question: "Which state is the country of manufacture of" Ford "? Most of the cars of this company are produced in factories located in the USA and Europe.
Company founder
The company is named after its founder, Henry Ford. He was born on July 30, 1863. His parents were simple farmers. From childhood, Henry was fond of technology. The boy figured out how to simplify hard farming work using various mechanisms. One day Henry was thrown from the saddle by a young stallion. From that day on, his goal was to create safe means movement. At the age of 16, the young man moved to Detroit and got a job in an electric company. For twenty years simple mechanic manages to become a chief engineer. In his spare time, Ford was developing the car. When this work was completed, Ford quit and began looking for investors to create an automobile company.
First car
Henry Ford founded his company in 1903. For a long time he was the chief engineer of Ford. After 3 years, the company released the production car Model K. It was equipped with a six-cylinder 40 hp engine. with. Due to low sales, the production of this machine was stopped in 1908.
The company started producing cheaper models. Model T is the first car in history to be sold in millions of series. The car received a four-cylinder 2.9-liter engine and a two-stage transmission. For the first time, pedal gear shifting was used. But the car's engine was weak enough. Motorists had to climb the mountain in reverse... But this feature did not stop the Model T from conquering the American market. Every second car in the United States was produced at the Ford plant.
The company used the latest technical developments. In 1913, the first conveyor was introduced at Ford enterprises. The walking belt has significantly reduced machine assembly times. The main goal of G. Ford was to create budget car, which can be bought by ordinary employees of his company.
At Ford factories, workers began to receive double wages. A 5-day work week and 8-hour shifts were introduced. Employees leading a sober and healthy lifestyle were rewarded with cash bonuses. They were hired only after an interview, including people with disabilities.
As a result of these innovations, labor productivity has increased significantly, and the cost of the Model T has been reduced by four times. In 1920, the company produced one million cars of this model. Ford launches Model T ambulances. The company soon enters the global car market.
Representative office in Russia
In 1907, the first representative office of an American company was opened in Russia. It worked before the revolution. In 1929, the USSR government signed a contract with the company to build a plant. In 1932 the Gorky Automobile Plant was built. The first GAZ vehicles were built on the basis of Ford models. Currently, Ford cars are produced at Vsevolzhsky car factory (Leningrad region).
Notable models
During World War II, the company was awarded major military contracts. Aircraft and tanks are produced at Ford factories. 1945 Henry Ford hands over the management of the company to his grandson.
In the 1950s, the company introduced new car Thunderbird. Country of origin "Ford" - USA. The convertible model became a cult model and was produced until 2005.
In 1953, the first Ford Transit van was produced. Germany became the country of origin of this machine.
Production began in 1959 ford models Galaxie. Country of origin "Ford" - USA. In 1964, the American company produced the legendary Ford Mustang, which is still being produced. In 1976, an oval logo appeared on the company's cars.
In 1998, the company re-creates the world's best-selling car. Model T breaks record Ford focus... Country of origin of "Ford-Focus" - USA. The company is currently continuing to develop new models. Which country is the Ford manufacturer? Most cars are produced in the United States. When creating new cars, the same principles are laid that were applied by Henry Ford in his first models. These are availability, safety, ease of assembly and the use of the latest technical developments.
Today in Russia there are certain cars that have become popular, and therefore the question of where the third-generation Ford Focus is assembled must be answered in detail. It is extremely important point, because there is an opinion that the domestic assembly of cars is different low quality... Is it really? Let's try to find out. The third Ford Focus was born in 2010. This model had an ambitious mission: it was to win the hearts of motorists in more than 120 countries around the world. Since quality and reliability are important, the question of where the Focuses are assembled will be logical.
After the presentation of the third generation model, copies were available for sale, which were collected in the German city of Saarlius. Subsequently, production facilities for the Focuses were established in the United States in Wayne. The assembly of the Ford Focus 3 was also carried out in Africa and Latin America. Moreover, China and Thailand also have factories where these cars are produced. What cars are sold in Russia and where are they assembled?
"Russian" Focuses
As we noted earlier, initially a car that was assembled abroad was available for sale. In 2011, the situation changed and the Russians were able to buy the Focus assembled on the territory of the country. This had a number of advantages, because there was no need to pay customs duties, etc. The production facilities for the assembly of the machine were located in Vsevolozhsk.
The plant is called Ford Sollers and it was built in 2002. This enterprise can assemble cars on a full cycle. The third generation Ford Focus first came off the assembly line in Vsevolozhsk in June 2011.
Produced here different types bodies and equipment Focus:
- 5-door hatchbacks;
- sedans;
- station wagons.
The Ford Sollers plant has everything necessary for the full-fledged production of cars: workshops for welding and painting, assembly lines, warehouses and storage space for finished vehicles. There is also a track for testing Focuses for reliability right at the enterprise. Note that not only is going here third Ford Focus, but also Mondeo.
The plant in Vsevolozhsk produces Ford with different engines: 1.6 or 2 liters. As for the transmission, a 6-speed mechanic can be installed on the car or powerShift robot... The owners of the Focus did not have a very good impression of this box because of the strange work in traffic jams.
Ford Focus of the third generation is really modern car, which gives its owner not only a high level of comfort, but also ensures his safety. Interesting is the newest system MyFord. She is responsible for managing the electronics and other systems in the car, including maintaining high-speed internet.
Russian components
Ford is not only assembled in Russia from imported parts. The fact is that some parts are produced at domestic enterprises, which makes it possible to reduce the price of the car and attract more buyers. It should be noted that local production does not negatively affect the overall quality of the Focus, and all details are carefully checked.
So, side windows are made at the Bor glass plant. The materials used for the roof and trunk trim are also domestic. They are made by the PCR enterprise. As for the seats, the products of the American company JCI are used here. However, their production is carried out on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Enterprises in Ivanovo and Samara are engaged in the manufacture of rugs. Carpets in the Focus salon come from Togliatti. Note that even such an important component of the car as the wiring is made near Moscow by Lear. Among other things, the company Kinelagroplast is responsible for the manufacture of air ducts and other elements of the heating system.
The car has long become an integral part of our life - so integral that a modern person cannot imagine a world without cars at all. Today they surround us everywhere, and after all, even a little over a hundred years ago, a car was such a rarity that only a select few could afford it. After all, they were then collected purely by hand. But thanks to one man who revolutionized the automotive industry, everything changed. The man's name was Henry Ford. The company he founded was the first in the world to use an assembly line, starting mass production cars. For modern Russia, Ford became the first foreign company to open an assembly plant in our country. So how is Ford assembled in Russia today?
2. The Ford Sollers plant in Vsevolozhsk was founded in 2002 and became the first full-cycle automobile enterprise opened by a foreign company in Russia. The Russian Diesel plant was chosen to organize the production. This fact made it possible to avoid the costs of building buildings, but imposed significant restrictions on production areas. Ford technologists had to think hard before entering technological process into such a rigid framework. But they did it. For this reason, the Ford plant in Vsevolozhsk became a unique project, because, despite its relatively small size, it immediately became a full-cycle enterprise, and not just an assembly shop. On an area of \u200b\u200b26 hectares, there are welding, painting and assembly shops, warehouses, a site for finished products and even a test track. Until 2011, the Vsevolozhsk plant was the only Ford plant in Europe that produced ford cars Focus in all four body styles: station wagon, sedan, five-door and three-door hatchbacks of the first and second generations.
3. The life of every new car at this Ford plant starts from scratch - with a set of parts, fasteners, seals and plastics. This process takes about 14 hours and the first thing the future Ford has to go through is the welding shop. Here, in the confident hands of welders and sheaves of sparks from stamped parts, the first body elements are born.
4. Primary welding is done manually with the help of high-tech semi-automatic welding machines, which look more like some fantastic weapon than the usual welding machine.
5. The technology is clearly distributed. Someone only welds the right back door, some side panel, some hood. The movements of the welders are so calibrated that their work is more like a dance, so easily they handle a huge welding machine suspended on a special hinged frame, which balances its weight and allows you to achieve special welding accuracy. Not unimportant is the fact that the welding machines are robotic. A person just brings it to the welding place. The welding power and duration are programmed.
6. The result of the work of each section of the welding shop are ready-made elements of the future body. For example, side panels that are sent to another area for further welding.
7. At this stage, robots come into play. Six four-armed welding robots are simultaneously working at the plant.
8. These smart and high-precision cars are assembled from separate elements of the body of the new Ford. Everything about everything takes them a few minutes, during which the body is boiled from all sides, turning over several times like a feather in the robot's hydraulic hands. It looks like a scene from a sci-fi movie, but it's reality - machines create machines.
9. All body parts come already galvanized. Therefore, the assembled, but not yet painted Ford already looks attractive, gleaming with silvery edges. After the robotic welders, the conveyor transports the bodies back to the human.
10. Here, on two parallel lines, the thresholds are welded and then the baton is passed on to the robots again. So, as a result of the joint work of machine people, the body of a brand new Ford Focus is created and Ford Mondeo.
11. Before continuing on their way, the assembled bodies are sent to a geometry check at a special Carl Zeiss stand. The permissible deviation from the norm is tenths of a millimeter. Every third assembled body is checked. The bodies that do not pass the inspection are mercilessly rejected, but such cases are extremely rare.
12. The successfully tested bodies are sent to the primary assembly line. Here they overgrow the hood, trunk lid, fenders and, of course, doors. This does not happen immediately, but gradually as you move along the conveyor. For example, in this area, the rear left door will be installed, and a little later the front right door, and then the left fender, and so on.
13. Thanks to this approach, the collector is not sprayed on several types of work, but performs only one operation, bringing the accuracy and efficiency of his actions to perfection. Periodically there is a rotation of personnel in order to avoid the "looping" of employees on only one type of work.
14. The body assembled on the primary conveyor is sent to the paint shop, access to which is strictly closed to any unauthorized person, in order to avoid even the slightest ingress of dust. Painting takes several hours, after which the assembly of Ford continues on the next conveyor, where in 2 hours 42 minutes it will look like a finished car from a painted piece of iron.
15. At the initial stage, the doors are removed from the painted body. They will join him again after installing the window regulator mechanisms in them, the glasses themselves and door locks, sound insulation, upholstery and other elements, depending on the configuration.
16. While this is happening, the body itself is overgrown with sound insulation, seals, wiring lines, airbags, a pedal block, brake pipes, air conditioning. In order for the assembly worker to know what parts he needs to install on a particular car, a manifesto is fixed on the body - a special document on the equipment of the car.
17.
18. The further the car moves along the conveyor, the more it takes on the appearance of a finished product. It is important to note that if during the assembly process, suddenly, something went wrong, for example, a worker dropped a fixing bolt into the inner cavity of the car, then he must immediately inform the shift supervisor and make a note in the corresponding document. The car, depending on the situation, is either immediately removed from the line, or the defect is eliminated later. In particular, attempts will be made to shake out the collapsed bolt and somehow remove it. In any case, a car with a strumming foreign object in the body cavity will not fall into the hands of the end consumer.
19. Each new site adds new details to the car. So in the future Ford there is a radiator grill, headliner, dashboard, controls and more. Here, along with people, another robot is working - a glass installer. It is used for greater accuracy in applying the adhesive and completely eliminating leaks during operation. The list of installed parts is huge and reaches several hundred, if not thousands, positions. Using a car, its owner does not even suspect how much work has been done to create it.
20. Next, the car goes to the so-called "chassis" line, where the engine and transmission are installed on it. There is a "marriage" or "wedding" - so in the language of assemblers is called the moment of connection of the transmission and the body.
22. Here, fully assembled doors are returned to it, seats and other final elements are installed.
23. A fully finished car arrives at the checkpoint. Here the quality of the assembly is checked, the joints, the quality of the varnish-and-paint coating are examined, the operation of electronic systems and lighting devices is checked.
24. There are surprisingly many women in the factory. Due to the decrease in the labor intensity of production processes, all types of work have become available for the fair sex. They work on an equal footing with men in all areas, with the exception of the welding workshop.
25. The final chord is the refueling process fluids... This happens at the same control post after completing all verification activities. However, the checks of the car do not end there, but rather the opposite - they are just beginning.
26. Having reached this stage, the assembled Ford can already move under its own power and comes at the disposal of an employee who will check it in motion. Here every few minutes you can hear the horn signal - a safety requirement. Before starting to move, the test driver must honk his horn and only then start driving.
27. The first test bench for assembled car called "Niagara". Here, the tightness of all seals and the quality of glass gluing are checked. It looks like an automatic car wash high pressure, only the pressure here is much more powerful and the spray system is much more complicated. Water is supplied from different sides and at different angles.
28. Before leaving the factory, cars undergo a dynamic roll test, where to check the operation of the engine and gearbox, the car is accelerated on rollers to 110 km / h. The next stage is the test track. Its purpose is to identify extraneous noiserelated to assembly flaws. The track is a section of the path, 200 meters long different kind coatings that imitate different options that a car may encounter during operation, for example, paving stones, wooden posts, multi-level concrete slabs, etc. Moreover, according to different types cover must move at a strictly defined speed.
29. It is noteworthy that many women work here too.
30. Another point of control is a vibration-temperature stand. This is a special chamber in which you can freeze your car to an extreme low temperaturessimulating the weather conditions of the northern region. At the same time, the hydraulic installation, which is made up of four independent vibrating columns, allows you to thoroughly shake the car. Cars are submitted to such a check either selectively or at the signal of a tester who did not like something as a result of testing on the track.
31. Upon completion of all tests and inspections, the end user receives a car with the renowned Ford quality. In 2015, the Vsevolozhsk plant Ford Sollers began producing two models at once: the new generation Ford Mondeo and the Ford Focus 4. About the latest Ford The trick is worth telling in more detail. Since its first appearance, Ford Focus has been a bestseller in its class on the Russian market for seven years in a row. He was summoned many times the best car years, having won 18 awards in Russia. For 13 years of the model's history in Russia, he has collected over 700,000 grateful customers.
The fourth generation Ford Focus has incorporated the best of previous generations, including the traditional reliability inherent in cars of this brand. It is a dynamic and comfortable car, which is equipped with new and improved technologies, a new engine, and also specially adapted for the Russian market. How else? After all, he is going to Russia and for Russia. Exactly because of this reason russian Ford The focus has the following features:
- engines are certified for AI-92;
- additional insulation;
- increased ground clearance;
- winter package;
- multimedia system with control in Russian;
- testing for russian roadsincluding winter test.
The fourth Ford Focus is equipped with a number of technical innovations:
- multimedia system SYNC 2 with voice control in Russian, navigation and traffic jam indicator in more than 50 cities of the Russian Federation
- advanced parking assist Active Park Assist with parallel and perpendicular parking, assistance when leaving the parking lot and monitoring the space around the car at 360º;
- system automatic switching low / high beam;
- adaptive bi-xenon headlights;
- Rear View Camera;
- Ford MyKey® - the owner can program individual keys with the necessary settings;
- Ford EcoMode ® - helps the driver to change the driving style to reduce fuel consumption and harmful emissions;
- Ford PowerShift ® - preselective automatic transmission;
- help system when starting off on the rise (Hill Launch Assist);
- tire pressure monitoring system.
And all this is inside a modest but very stylish and attractive car, which is assembled for Russians on russian plant citizens of Russia.
32. The novelty is equipped with a completely new modern engine EcoBoost for excellent dynamics, low consumption fuel and CO2 emissions.
33. But, of course, the Vsevolozhsk Ford Sollers plant is primarily about people. In order for the brand new Ford Focus and Mondeo to continuously roll off the assembly line, 1,500 employees work daily in the workshops of the plant, on whose professionalism and responsibility the quality of the cars produced, the positive emotions of their future owners, including safety on the roads, directly depend.
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