Louis Renault is a cardan inventor, a hydraulicist, gearbox. Lucky businessman and locomotive of the automotive industry of France. "Savior of France" in the First World War and the Motherland's Motherland in the Second World.
This man has determined the development of the automotive industry in the 20th century by its work and inventions. Many nodes, without which it is now difficult to imagine the car, Louis Renaults were invented and first used on its cars. But he was not only a brilliant engineer, but also an excellent businessman, making the first million one in the production and sale of cars.
SCHOOLBOY
Louis Renault was born on September 12, 1877. He was a younger son in the family of a rich hereditary haberdasher Alfred Renault. The family had its own haberdashery factory, shops in Paris and London. Little Louis was supposed to continue the case of his father, but from the young age he was interested in exclusively technique. At 11 years old, he equipped his children's electric lighting, and 12 ran out of the house to ride on the locomotive in order to study its device. Father encouraged the hobbies of Louis. He bought him the engine "Panard" for experiments, introduced him to Leon Sherpol - inventor steam car. Louis had to go to the prestigious Higher Technical School, but took the entrance examinations and went to the army.
CONSTRUCTOR
Upon returning from the army in 1898, Renault acquired the tricycle "de Dion-Bud" with an engine with a capacity of 0.75 liters. from. Using it as a basis, he created his first car: added to three wheels fourth, and most importantly, supplied the crew of the new transmission of his own design. Renault abandoned the chain and gear system and installed a trivial speed of speeds and cardan Val.. The gearbox solved an important task: the possibility of lifting by steep slope The crew equipped with a low-power engine. This brilliant invention is still used in cars.
The modified car Renault on December 24, 1898, on the dispute, overcame the Paris Street of Lepik with a slope of 13 °. Louis won not only 60 Liudorov, he received an order at once to 12 cars. After a year, Renault patented the speed switching box.
Louis Renault decided to produce his own cars. With the help of the older brothers Marseille and Fernana Louis opened in 1899 automobile company "Renault Brothers. The older brothers Renault took up the commercial side of the case, and Louis fully dedicated himself to engineering work.
During the first year, 76 cars and 15 cars were sold.
RACE DRIVER
Reno brothers perfectly understood that the best way to advertise is victory in car racing, which were extremely popular at the beginning of the century. In his first race, Paris - Trouville Louis won up in August 1899. Then a series of victories continues. Sales grew. The victory in the race Paris - Bordeaux brought 350 orders at once.
A series of victories of the Renault brothers ends tragically. In the "bloody race" Paris - Madrid, who took the lives of ten riders, is dying the elder brother Marseille. Louis, defeated by the death of a brother, ceases to participate in races. But the Renault cars themselves, under the control of other pilots, continue to win.
BUSINESSMAN
Louis adopts a strategic decision on the production of own engines. For a serial car "Renault H", a two-cylinder internal combustion engine is 14 liters. C, and for racing "Renault to" - a four-cylinder capacity of 24 liters. from. In the future, Renault firm will produce not only automotive, but also aviation engines.
In 1905, Renault receives a large order for production of 250 taxi cars. Renault becomes a "legislator mod" in this type of transport. Renault taxi is exported to the UK, USA, Brazil. In 1906, Louis becomes a cavalier of the Order of the Honorary Legion.
Middle Brother Fernan in 1908 moves away from affairs, and in 1909 dies. Louis becomes the sole owner of the company. In 1911, he visits Ford's factories, after which it decides to dramatically increase labor productivity in their enterprises. Hard measures led to mass workers' mass strikes in 1913. By this time, 5,200 people worked at Reno factories. The issue was about a thousand cars per month.
Renault produces almost the entire range of cargo products on 10 basic platforms: cheap and representative cars, taxis, trucks and buses.
"Savior Nation"
By the beginning of the First World War "Renault" was ready to produce techniques for the French army. Heavy trucks, sanitary cars, aircraft and even guns and artillery shells have now went from the company's conveyors.
The most famous episode associated with Renault products occurred in September 1914. During the battle at r. Marne arose a threat of capture of Paris. For urgent transformation of 3 thousand soldiers, 600 Paris taxi Renault model AG-1 was mobilized, which at night for two flights successfully completed the task.
One of the symbols of the victory of France becomes a light tank "Renault" FT-17. In France, OK was released. 3500 tanks. In addition, it was done under license in the United States and Russia. The design was so successful that FT-17 was in service with France before the beginning of World War II. He became a prototype to create tanks in Italy, the USSR and other countries.
For the contribution to the victory of Louis, the informal title of "Savior Nation" receives. In 1918, he was assigned the rank of officer of the Order of the Honorary Legion.
Between wars
The war allowed Renault to finally strengthen. After its end, Reno works on the development of the international network of the company. For a short time, 31 branches are opened in different countries. In 1922, Renault launches its first modern assembly conveyor. New inventions Renault, such as drum brakes and folding seats, become the standard industry. In 1932, he is already a great officer of the Honorary Legion.
In 1936, production reached a record 61,46 cars. In the same year, Louis was awarded the highest reward of France - a large cross of the Order of the Honorary Legion.
DEATH
In June 1940, most of the territory of France, including the Renault plants, it turns out in the hands of the Germans. Louis Renault refuses to leave his brainchild. This solution led him to death.
After the liberation of France in 1944, Louis is arrested on charges of cooperation with the Nazis and sent to Frang. Soon, he was brought to the hospital of Ville Evrra with a barred skull and chopped kidneys, where he died on October 24, 1944. No investigation was produced. Louis Reno buried in the village of Eyreville, where he had a house. Three months later, Renault company was nationalized.
History renault. He originated on December 24, 1898, when Louis Reno took the challenge to drive on his Voiturette A-class upward street Ru Lepik on Montmartre in Paris. Thanks to this, he received an order to his first 12 cars.
Louis Renault was born in a family of typical Parisian bourgeois in February 1877. He was the youngest child in the family, besides him, two brothers and two sisters were grown in the house. Louis Father, Alfred was a lucky businessman, and Louise's mother was the daughter of the wealthy store owners. All this allowed Louis to spend their childhood without worries and in prosperity. With Izmalia Louis showed interest in all kinds of mechanical subjects and devices. Most of the time he spends in the barn of houses in Bilancourt, near Paris Kotor owned the Renault family. Study Louis did not attract however, one way or another he was more than satisfied, finishing the undergraduate. At the age of 20 years, Renault literally breaks into only the emerging automotive world. He rebuilt his three-chain de Dion-Boton in a small four-wheel car, in the design of which added one of its inventions, namely the gearbox that instantly devalued.
The machine, known as "Model A" with the engine "De Dion" with a capacity of 1.75 hp On the tubular frame turned out to be very successful, and Louis, together with the older brothers, organized the company "Renault Freres".
Since 1900, the company has moved to the release of large and powerful cars. These are AG-1 models with elegant and comfortable diverse Kapuchin bodies, Dubl-Faeton, Lando, rare for those times closed limousines. It was produced 179 cars.
In 1901, Renault expands the model range, mastering the models D and E, concludes an international licensed contract with the assembly plant in Belgium.
1902 - for the first time the engine 3750 cc / cm with 4 cylinders, 20 -30 hp To participate in the car race Paris-Vienna, in which Renault came out the winner. Renault gets a patent for the development of the system of the superchard device.
1904 G - Renault develops its commercial network, which is now 120 dealers in France and abroad. Production reaches 948. vehicle.
Renault Taxi La Mame car, as you can guess by the name, was intended for use as a taxi.
In 1905, "Brothers Renault" one of the first to released cars-taxi with Landol Body. These cars, called "Browning" because of their black and their form, became famous during the First World War, when 600 Paris Taxi-Renault was mobilized as soon as possible to transfer 5 thousand soldiers to the Marna River. By the name of the famous taxi battle and got the name "Marn". This car even put a monument. For the needs of the French army, the company also supplied another technique: vessels, aviation engines (the first aircraft engine was assembled in 1908). Louis Renault constructed even quite successful tanks for that time.
In 1906, at the automotive salon in Berlin, the company introduced his first bus.
"Reno Brothers" in the pre-war years actively collaborated with Russia. For the emperor, a Lamousine Landol car was created on the Renault chassis. For the heir to the throne, Renault Beb was acquired, an easy chamber, extremely easy to manage and operate.
1910 - at the Renault plant there is 3200 people, including the 25CV Type BM model.
1913 - 5,200 employees work on Renault cars and increase their overall production to 10,000 units, including 40CV Type DT.
1919 - Louis Renault recognizes the first industrialist of France, modern equipment is installed at its plant, the possibilities of reducing the cost of products, the main strategy - affordable goods are constantly sought.
1925 - Diamond becomes the Renault logo, and is first set to 40cv, which brings a number of records for the range of run, saving fuel and defeats Monte Carlo.
1926 - From this year, the brakes on all four wheels became standard for all Renault cars. Presented model Renault NN, reliable and strong car. George Yetienn chose Renault NN for his journey through the Sahara desert, in January 1927, Yutienna's trip - almost 17,000 km (10,000 miles) - was completed without any mechanical faults. A patent for luggage accommodation is obtained.
1929 - the first assembly line on a new plant under construction comes into operation. Renault brand is represented in 49 countries.
In the 1930s, the original buses of Renault with an open platform appeared.
World War II inflicted a company of significant damage. The plants in Biyankour were destroyed by the bombings of the Allies, Louis Renault himself was accused of cooperation with the Nazi occupiers and died, disgraced, in prison.
1936 - a patent for the invention of folding seats was obtained.
In 1945, the company was nationalized and became a state-owned enterprise that received the modern name.
1946 - the year of the beginning of the production of private cars of the post-war period. The plant produced 8,500 cars, most - juvaquatres and their versions with a modified interior. They were equipped with hydraulic brakes and hydraulic shock absorbers. The model was produced until 1949, and its versions until 1959
By 1949, the reconstruction of the factories ends, and by 1954, 500 thousand 4CV is produced.
1954 - 1 million vehicles released after nationalization and 2 million starting from the basis of the company in 1898. In the same year, the director of the company Fernan Picar dies in a car accident, and Pierre Drayfus is occupied by Dauphines models.
In 1958, a new plant for the production of "Renault" engines is commissioned. At the same time, the front-wheel drive Renault 4 becomes folk car. The release of this model was over 8 million pieces.
1965 is the year of birth for Renault 16. The front-wheel drive model with a half-liter engine has become a pioneer of the introduction into the production of the "hatchback" body, in that understood, we see it today. This car with a universal and comfortable lounge, a characteristic French soft suspension wheels, has become elegant and practical car For french middle class.
In 1966, Renault signs an agreement with Peugeot and Volvo on combining technical resources. This year, Renault put 738,000 cars, of which 333,000 sold abroad.
1967 - Renault plants are available on each continent. 5 assembly plants in Europe, excluding France, one in Canada, nine in Latin America, five in Africa, one in Australia, one in Asia, and are preparing for the discovery in Romania and Malaysia.
1969 - more than 1 million vehicles are mounted and more than 500000 exported. On the paris Motor Show Demonstrated Renault 12 - economical, spacious with a large trunk. In Romania R12 is called Dacia, and in Brazil Corcel. The separations of Renault in Turkey are created.
In the 1970s, the company begins a period of rapid growth: new plants appear in the north of France, Renault and Peugeot joint ventures. Renault 5 and Renault 12 models become the world's soldiers' soldiers.
In 1979, the company begins to promote a promising American market. Conducting an agreement with the United States Motors Corporation, Renault, in turn, undertakes to promote its cars in the European market.
1982 - Renault 9 is produced in the United States called Alliance and becomes a car there.
1984 In Brussels, Minivan Renault Espace was represented.
In 1988, the All-wheel drive version Quadra is demonstrated. Renault Espace's overwhelming ideas difference was distinguished by a thoughtful interior with transformation capabilities.
In March 1986, another appeared generation Renault. Under the index 21 (the factory code index of the L48 sedan, station wagon - K48). The universal, which appeared in six months under its own name Nevada, had an elongated 150 mm body. In Europe, Renault 21 / Nevada was produced until 1995 when the Laguna model was supplied.
In the summer of 1988, Renault concern strengthened his position in the most popular European class "C" compact cars, I submit a hatchback Renault 19.
In 1990, the production of the CLIO model begins, which for many years has been one of the best-selling models in France.
The second generation of CLIO appeared in 1998 and immediately gained popularity. Especially for the markets of so-called third countries, in particular, for Russia, the Clio Symbol version is performed.
1991 - Titled Year: CLIO is awarded the title "Car of the Year", Renault Ligne - AE "Truck of the Year", Renault FR1 - "Bus of the Year," and Raymond Levi awarded the title "President of the Year". In the same year, it became at once one of the most popular in the classroom open cars Renault 19 Cabriolet. In Frankfurt, the conceptual model of Scenic is shown.
At the Motor Show in Paris, a Zoom model is presented.
In November 1993, Safrane is demonstrated by the execution of Biturbo with a 268 hp engine, with two turbocharger and fully drive. Alas, but this hatchback of a business class has not been able to compete with prestigious German cars on an equal one.
In September 1995, the first show of the MEGANE model was held (Renault 19 model successor). The car has several modifications - Classic, Cabriolet, Coupe and Estate. In the spring of 1999, a modification was released with a universal body.
Since 1996, Renault 19 performed by Europa with Sedan's bodies has become one of the bestsellers of the domestic market of new import cars.
Remotector Renault 19 - Megane
In 1996, a new generation of models appear with transversely arranged engines, the body sizes increase.
In the fall of 1997, Grand Espace is produced with an elongated base. Since 1998, the car is equipped with new engines.
A new cargo vehicle is produced Renault Kangoo.
In 1998, the Renault century is marked with the release of the new CLIO. In Geneva, the Zo project is shown, with the first in Europe gasoline engine Direct injection, and Vel Satis project.
Renault Clio of the second generation of continued its predecessor.
Concept-Car Renault Koleos. - Development of avant-garde corporate identity.
1999 - Conclusion of a cooperation agreement with Nissan. The first show of the Avantime model based on Renault Espace. With this car, the French really beat the time (and this is how the car name is translated), deciding from the minivan to make a representative class car.
2000 - Koleos crossover is shown in Geneva.
2001 - Renault Laguna II - the world's first car, which has received a higher safety assessment, five stars out of five, according to the results of the tests of an independent EUROncap organization.
2003 - Renault Megane II receives the title "Car of the Year". Patrick Le Kedan, Renault Chef designer, recognized as "Designer of the Year." EURONCAP Announces Renault Megane II, Renault Vel Satis and Renault Espace IV safe cars On the market.
Renault Laguna II became the world's first car, awarded the highest rating of five stars on the EUROnCAP crash test.
2004 - Renault Megane is the most sold car in the European market. Renault team ranks 3rd in the Formula One Championship Design Cup. Higher award EURONCAP for safety is obtained by Renault Scenic, Renault Megane C + C and Renault MODUS.
For the city car of the golf class, brave avant-garde design is what you need. In Europe, Renault Megane II instantly became the best-selling car in the classroom.
2005 - the production of Logan-new "World Car" began.
2009 - officially presented new crossover Companies Renault Duster. . The car is based on the platform B0 Logan. It is characterized by an increased 40 mm wheelbase. Available in front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive option. The volume of the trunk compared to the sedan at the monoloder version of the vehicle is reduced to 475 liters and increases to 1636 liters with a folded back row of seats. The all-wheel drive option is less than the volume of the trunk. Renault Duster has the protection of the engine crankcase and short skes (an angle of entry - 30 °, the congress - 35 °).
History Renault in Russia
1907 - 1908. The first dealer Renault in Russia: "Joint-stock company build crews and cars and k to °" manufactured body and small batches of cars with Renault motors. In 1908, at the international automotive exhibition In Moscow, Renault was awarded gold medal For the best chassis for urban cars.
1913 5 Renault cars in the fleet of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II.
1914 Renault trucks in the Russian army during the First World War.
1916 "Russian Renault": Joint-Stock Company in Petrograd and Plant in Rybinsk.
1917 - 1919. V. Lenin and N. Krupskaya on car Renault.. Society " Russian Renault»NATIONALIZED.
1925 - 1928 In 1925, Moscow bought the 15 first taxis. Renault cars Conquer Russian intelligentsia: V.Mikovsky brings from Paris Renault Nn.
1960 - 1964 Renewing cooperation with the USSR.
1968 - 1970 Representation of Renault in Moscow. In 1970, Renault concluded an agreement with the USSR on the development of the automotive industry in the amount of 750 million francs. As a result, by 1980, about a quarter of Russian cars were produced using Renault technology.
1998 - 2003 Creation of AvtoFramos OJSC. Assembling cars Renault Megane and Renault 19. In September
2000. CLIO SYMBOL car is established. Renault at the International Automobile Exhibition MIMS-2000.
In 2003, the construction of the plant begins.
2005 The inauguration of the plant and the beginning of the release of the model Logan.
In 2007, it was decided to increase the capacity of the autoframos plant to 160,000 a \\ m per year. Besides car Logan.The extended areas will also produce other models.
Louis Renault was a very talented and legendary man, and after World War I was in the status of the national hero, more precisely, the Savior of France. However, the history of the founder of one of the most successful car companies is tragic.
Renault Voiturette First, released Renault Car
Louis Renault was probably by tempering those who claim to become successful or famous, it is not necessary to be an excellent student. Louis was not so, he studied at school, he is extremely bad. At the same time, he grew up in a large, but very wealthy Parisian family, his father was a successful entrepreneur, and the mother came from a noble family.
Louis Renault at school was a two-way and never got the technical formation
The last attempt to plant a son for the desk and get at least some formation makes the father Louis, he puts before the son of the condition: he enters the technical school, and in return receives a garage, some equipment, plus a familiarity with the famous Paromobli instructor Leon Sherpoll. As a result, Louis received everything that wanted and days disappeared in the garage or in the Sulfur workshop, but did not fulfill its part of the contract. He could not pass exams and went to the army.
FT-17- Tank, which was released during World War II
Returning home, Louis first bought the car "de Dion-Bud". Although in the full sense of the word with a car, this device was not. Some call it a "self-propelled three-wheeled trolley." Louis with pleasure takes over the alteration, and in the end creates absolutely new car. He was primarily four-wheeled, also Louis replaced the chains on the cardan shaft. In fact, it is from this moment the career of a young automaker begins.
Order for the first car Renault received following the results
Louis proud of his creation, but not everyone believed that his car is fundamentally different from the original option, the dispute turned into a bet. Louis argued that his car would be able to drive one of the coolest streets of Montmartre - Lepik. He won this dispute - along with the impressive amount of money, as well as the received order for 12 such cars. Actually the car, which was the main culprit of the dispute, was also sold. It is said that one of the audience a peculiar experiment was the friend of Father Louis; After he was convinced of the abilities of the new device, he demanded to sell it to him. Seeing that the passion begins to move in, if not still massive, but no longer piece production, Louis wanted to establish his company and appealed for help to senior brothers. In contrast to the younger brother, they received a good education and were already "hooked" in business, working with the Father. Marseille and Fernan take on behalf of the company, that is, they are engaged in administrative and commercial work, and Louis remains to design and invent. Despite the lack of education, the talent Louis was not to occupy. Quite quickly, he receives patents to new inventions that advanced the automotive in the future. Part of its inventions is still applied.
Renault with senior brothers who helped him organize his company
He constantly improved his creations, the company did not have interruption in orders. Louis Renault became rich and famous. His cars successfully took part in the car racing, which brought new glory, advertising and money.
After World War I, Renault began to call the "Savior of the Nation"
On the eve of the First World War, Louis rather quickly realized that its factories could be reoriented to the needs of the army. It produces aircraft engines, medical services, buses, and even tanks. Two models were brought to him: the light tank F-17 was so successful that it was used by flesh to the Second World War (according to some data, it was used in 1944, or even in 1945), and hundreds of taxi with the Body of Landol allowed To transfer four thousand soldiers to the forefront and stop the offensive of the Kaiser troops to Paris. After that, the French began to call Renault "Savior Nation."
Renault with Hitler and Gering on the Berlin Motor Show
After the war, business Reno successfully developed, new models were produced, the machine device was improved, the number of cars produced constantly grew. Executive class machines appeared, some models were exclusively expensive. It would seem that this fairy tale should have a happy end. However, its adjustments made the second world War. Louis Renault met with Adolf Hitler on the Berlin Motor Show. They say that it was then that he understood that the war was not avoided.
During World War II, Renault collaborated with German authorities
Louis Renault entered as a successful entrepreneur who tried to protect his production. After France was occupied, he agreed with the Germans that his plants would not be destroyed. As a result, the whole Empire Renault in the years worked on the Germans. Renault itself was left only a nominal position, the company was led by representatives of Germany. Later they will say that the "Savior of the Nation" betrayed the country for his cars. However, in 1942, the allied aviation bombed most of the Renault factories, Louis Renault was so hard for it that he had an attack, he lost his ability to speak normally. After the victory, the former entrepreneur himself came to the French authorities to discuss the future. He was arrested, they were brought to jail, charged with treason and cooperation with invaders. According to some reports, the elderly entrepreneur was brutally tortured. As such a serious investigation and judicial review, his case was not. After a few months spent in prison, Louis Renault died. According to the same way, he remained behind bars, according to others - a few days before his death was still released. Renault was nationalized without trial and without paying compensation relatives.
Louis Renault entered the history of the automotive industry as a brilliant engineer and industrialist, whose inventions have forever changed automotive production. At the same time, in the life of the designer himself, there was not only a rapid takeoff, but also a crushing fall.
From the "Golden Boy" to industrial magnates
Renault was prepared by the fate of the "Golden Boy": he was lucky to be born in the family of a rich merchant, who made his own fortune on haberdasher and ladies' accessories. However, Louis absolutely not interested in the work of the Father: he was dreaming to everyone, which is connected with the technique, and already at 11 years old he has independently equipped his personal Saraike with an electrolympoia and acid battery. So far, the peers of Louis have comprehended science, the boy dreamed only about one thing - to sort out the complex design of the steam machine as soon as possible. To bring the dream, he rides a locomotive with a familiar fireman, and at the age of 13 he enters the subset to Leon Sherpol, who collected steam cars.
Leon Sherpol, Teacher Renault, driving one of his first steam engines
A little later, despite the existing experience and zeal, Reno with a crash will fail the exams in a technical school. In France, those years for fault applicants was one way - to serve the Motherland. It would seem that Louis had to part with a dream, but even in the service he did not cease to comprehend engineering science. From the army Reno returned not with empty hands - he came home by car "de Dion-Bud", which was subjected deep down modernization. Attention was noted at his refinement, and Louis decided to start the embarrassment own carswhile in the usual barn.
Renault in Saraj near Paris, where the first car brand was assembled, subsequently became one of the legends of the global car industry
On the Type A., namely, the first Renault model was called, for the first time in history, a drive shaft was installed for transferring efforts to the rear axle. The car was equipped with a full-fledged steering wheel and transmission with a direct transmission. The next model of Renault also became a breakthrough: Type B. It was the first car with a closed body in history, and after all, from the moment of the invention, the design of the talented Germans did not have passed five years!
After the models A. and B. In the fall of 1899, Renault announces the world and Type C.. Already in April 1900, a novelty will be presented on auto Salon In the commune of Vensene, who passed through the World Exhibition
The subsequent successes of the company on the market are closely related to the motor racing, which in those years rapidly gained popularity. Cars now already a family-owned enterprise brothers Reno win some bright victories, and orders begin to pour in huge quantities.
The first sports success Renault has achieved very quickly, literally a few years after the foundation
Yes, it was at the beginning of the twentieth century that the Great Sports Mark was created, which years of years will be invincible in Formula 1. But Louis Reno almost refused to participate in competitions, and his occasion was very serious. In 1903, his brother Marseille dies in the race, and Louis gives himself a promise to bypass the motor sport. Fortunately, this inner ban ruled for a short time, the designer understood that the best test site for testing new techniqueWhat a track can not.
Rock Error and Return to Roots
Before World War I, the firm earned quite well at the production of buses, becoming actually a monopolist in the French market of such equipment. Well, then ... I had to help my country in the fight against the enemies, and the enterprise Reno switched to the issue army trucks and tanks. Historians do not believe without reason that the contribution of the company in the balance of strength on the Western Front was invaluable. However, when the war ended, the company quickly returned to the origins, putting the release of several cars at once, today they are counted for representative class. But about the small pots in Renault.forgot until 1938.
French advertising poster model Renault Vivastella, 1935 year
The next, 1939 can be considered a swivel in history as the Louis Renault and his company. On the Berlin Motor Show Renault meets Adolf Hitler, who advises the French designer to establish the release of affordable small poly 4CV.. According to Renault himself, after the war, France will become a poor country, and they will need cheap cars.
During the Second World Plants, Renaults again switched to the release of military equipment. In the photo: light tank Renault. FT-17 with a crew of two people
And the war came. Fascist troops marched in Paris, and Renault enterprises switched to the control of the Germans and began to release military technique. In 1944, the allied aviation bombed all the company's factories, and in August of the same year Louis Renault was arrested for the Nazis. General Charles de Gaulle did not make discounts on the fame of the industrialist and deal in the details. Renault was put in prison, where two months later was taken to the hospital with a broken head: on October 24, 1944, the brilliant designer and engineer died and not waiting for the court. However, invented by him 4CV. Soon it was launched into production, although for the first time he descended from the conveyor after the death of his creator - in 1947.
Installing the engine on the model 4CV., last car Louis Reno
Conquest Russia
The history of the motorization of our country is closely related to the brand Renault.And all began all 110 years ago. Yes, who would have thought, but in 1907 the first appeared in Russia official dealer Renault.And no one else became like Peter Aleksandrovich Freza - a talented engineer and father of the first russian car. The joint stock company was engaged in selling both French cars and the creation of its own structures on the same aggregates. Especially to the court in the literal sense of the word cars Louis Renaults fell in 1913, when in Park Nicholas II, there were as many as five Renault.who loved himself very much. During World War I, the French trucks were engaged in Russian soldiers to the forefront, and in 1916 the Joint-Stock Company Renault Russia was created with the plant in Rybinsk.
A year later, the revolution began in the country, and the enterprise was nationalized, and then stopped existing at all. Here the story of the French brand in our country could end, although V.I. Lenin traveled by car Renault.And in the late 1930s, French cars worked as a taxi in Moscow. Nevertheless, the world's growing tension, the second world and redistribution of Europe stopped the cooperation of France and the USSR in the automotive industry for many years. Only in the early 1960s, the French returned to us to stay, hope forever.
Soviet car industry was looking for his way, and in many ways it is also obliged Renault.. Since the 1970s, the USSR and France have concluded several agreements on cooperation in the production of cars. At some point, we even almost began to produce French cars under our brand, but played the role of political conjuncture, and from Paris we had only production technologies. What, however, too, a lot.
First Renault.Mégane on Manezh Square. Start newest Story Stamps in Russia
In 1998, historical justice was restored. In Moscow, in the territory of AZLK, the factory opened Renault.. This return can be considered almost triumphal, although it happened after almost an eyelid. Now we will hardly imagine our cities without Duster, Sandero. and Logan.. They became both honest hardware, and family members, and one of the most popular taxi services. But the French brand decided not to stop on the successes of his little mastra.com. Just recently, sales of a new crossover started in Russia Koleos..
Koleos. Reflects the new brand philosophy and its desire to be both premium and relatively affordable. His predecessor was compact enough, but the new car already claims the title of the largest in model row. In addition to impressive sizes, the crossover boasts a whole arsenal newest technologies both for safety and for the convenience of passengers.
Finally, recently the company Renault.suggested new concept:. According to the forecasts of engineers, completely electric and completely autonomous concept car Symbioz. It will appear on the roads by 2030. The story continues!
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Louis Renault (Fr. Louis Renault) was born on February 28, 1877 (according to other sources, February 12, 1877) in the most ordinary French family. At that time, no one might think that this inconspicuous boy would leave after himself a noticeable trace in the history of automotive and will drive his name in history, becoming one of the founders automotive company Renault. He was the fourth child in the family of a French businessman. Since childhood, Little Louis interested in various techniques, so he spent quite a lot of time in the workshop of Leon Sherpol, the designer of steam engines. Along the way, Louis studied Old Panhard (Panhard) engines in the country house of his family, which was in Boulogne Biyankour.
In 1898, together with his assistants, Louis Reno created his first creation - a modified car "De Dion-Bouton" with a three-speed gearbox with a higher direct transmission, through which the torque was transferred to the drive shaft, and with a capacity of 1.75 hp. After a year, this gearbox was successfully patented. His first car was called "Basket" (FR. "Voiturette").
In December of the same year, Louis Renault concluded with his friends bet. He argued that the car created by him would rise to the Lepik's slope located on Montmartre. Winning a dispute, Louis Reno creates another 13 of the same cars to order.
A year later, February 25, 1989, with his older brothers Fernan and Marseille, Louis Renault founded "Société Renault Frères" - its first car manufacturing firm. Her appearance contributed to the large commercial potential of the first cars created by him. Putting at the head of the senior brother, Louis took up the design and designer work. He began to manage the company only in 1908, when Fernan left the firm in connection with health issues. Other his brother - Marseille - died in 1903 on Paris-Madrid's refinement.
Having headed his company, Louis Renault decided to continue her development. Some of his inventions have reached our days. These inventions were a hydraulic shock absorber and drum brake. After the beginning of the First World War Ine, Renault began to produce the necessary technique for the army. Subsequently, Louis Renault was awarded the Order of the Honorary Legion. Soon after the war, Louis Renault is born a son called Jean-Louis.
In the 20s of the twentieth century, Renault was engaged in producing not only cars, but also agricultural machinery and various ship and industrial mechanisms. At about the same time, the Louis Renault Concern began to work on the principle of vertical integration.
In the 1930s, workers began to occur in the company, which were unhappy with the decrease in wages and the tightening of the discipline of labor. These unrest were discontinued by the government, which was forced to take measures and make concessions. Because of this, Renault revenues significantly decreased, and to raise them, the company began to produce passenger small cargo cars again.
At the very beginning of World War II, Louis Renault reappears the military equipment of his army. So it was until 1940 - the year of France. Renault is influenced by German invaders, and all its posts have become occupied by people from Daimler-Benz (Daimler-Benz). After 2 years, the plant was destroyed by allies, and Louis Renault was detected asia (speech loss).
Soon after the liberation of the country, Louis Renault was accused of cooperation with the Nazis from Germany and arrested. Later, he was sent to jail Fren, where he was subjected to cruel beatings.
Louis Renault died from brain injuries on October 24, 1944 in the French Hospital of Villa-Evrian. Nobody began to investigate his death ... After a few months, Renault was nationalized.
His only son Jean-Louis in 1967 received compensation for the death of his father. But officially, Louis Reno himself was not justified in charge ...
