As you know, the road does not forgive mistakes. The slightest mistake by the driver can lead to a traffic accident. To avoid disasters, drivers should be aware of the most dangerous mistakes they can make while driving and try to avoid them.
1. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Drunk drivers are to blame for 11% of accidents. According to official statistics, over seven thousand drunk drivers are identified on the roads of the Tver region every year. And how many managed to remain unnoticed is anyone's guess. Many who drive a car, motorcycle, scooter while intoxicated do not see this as a threat. For this category of drivers, the main goal is not to get caught by the traffic police officers. They do not think that they are endangering themselves and other participants. road traffic.
2. Talking on a cell phone or sending sms while driving.
Due to the fact that the driver is distracted from the road, including the correspondence on the "mobile", there are often major accidents associated with leaving the oncoming lane or leaving the road and overturning.
3. Recklessness on the roads.
The driver's ability to select a driving speed appropriate road conditions, is of paramount importance. The safety of traffic mainly depends on the speed, and the ability to choose the right speed will allow you to quickly and efficiently make a trip with maximum safety.
4. Excessive emotionality of the driver.
Low driving culture, the manifestation of aggression towards other road users leads to serious accidents with injuries and death of people.
5. Ignoring seat belts.
The use of seat belts can reduce the severity of the consequences of an accident by 6-8 times. Studies have shown that when head-on collision at a speed of 80 km / h, people are injured such as falling on the asphalt from a height of 25 m. This happens if the driver and his passengers are not wearing seat belts.
6. Lack of a child restraint in the passenger compartment.
Many adults still underestimate the role of child restraints. In a car accident baby car seat reduces the risk of death among infants by 71%, among children from one to four years old - by 54%.
7. Underestimation of weather conditions.
Rain, fog, ice, twilight have a significant impact on road safety. Unfavorable weather conditions increase the number of road accidents by an average of 25%. Critical weather conditions, such as ice or rain, are bound to reveal deficiencies in both the driver's skills and the vehicle. The knowledge, skill and experience of the driver will play an important role in ensuring safe transport management in these conditions.
8. Improper vehicle handling, excessive acceleration, or improper skidding.
It is not uncommon for the car to skid during sudden acceleration, sudden braking or sharp steering wheel turns. From surprise, the driver is lost, presses the brake pedal, thereby further aggravating the situation. In these situations, the first thing a driver needs to do is forget about the brake and clutch pedals. In his arsenal, only wheel and the gas pedal - only they can help to cope with a skid.
9. Driving in a tired, sleepy state.
Many drivers do not attach much importance to fatigue, drowsiness and lack of alertness on the road. When driving in a tired state, the driver's attention is dulled and the reaction time increases. The higher the speed, the faster the person gets tired. According to medical data, at a speed of 90 km / h, fatigue occurs in 3.5-4 hours. When you feel tired or when your eyes are closing, it is best to stop and take a break.
10. Loss of concentration.
The main thing for the driver is to remain fully focused on driving while driving. You cannot be distracted even for a second. Turning to the passengers or looking at them in the rearview mirror means distracting from driving and increasing accident risk... So, at a speed of 90 km / h, a car travels 25 meters per second. One turn of the head to the kids on back seat- lost three seconds and 75 meters "blind". Better to stop than risk family safety while trying to resolve the issue while driving.
A car is a means of transportation, but, unfortunately, it is not safe. Especially if a person who is not allowed to drive a car is driving. Such a driver endangers himself, passengers and pedestrians. It's no secret what to buy (even if a person has serious health problems) to get driving license today it is possible for a lot of money. But before you buy a piece of paper, think for yourself, is it worth the piece or your ambitious plan to get behind the wheel at all costs of human life? The order of the Ministry of Health "On improving the system of medical examinations ... vehicle drivers" leads full list contraindications for driving a vehicle.
List of contraindications for driving a car
Problems with obtaining a medical certificate about driving a car can arise in people who suffer from mental disorders, near the nervous system, have serious vision or hearing problems, suffer from diseases of the musculoskeletal system, have suffered amputation of limbs. The members of the medical commission have the right to consider your diagnosis and make a decision: issue a certificate or prohibit driving.
if you have medical contraindications(say, epilepsy, blindness), then you cannot drive. If you can drive a car under certain conditions (for example, wearing glasses or contact lenses), then this is called in medicine medical indications... In this case, a certain mark is made in the driver's rights: manual control, glasses or lenses, hearing aid, automatic transmission).
Under the concept of medical restrictions, diseases are hidden in which a certain category of rights will not be revealed to you. For example, with certain diagnoses, you can manage by car, but you will not be allowed to drive a bus or a truck. For example, if you have lost one eye, then you will no longer be able to drive a bus, minibus or work as a truck driver, but you can drive your car (subject to certain requirements).
Members of the medical commission are obliged to decide on the possibility of obtaining rights for each individual case.... Perhaps you will find your diagnosis in our article, but this is not yet a verdict that you will never see the right. The fact is that there is such a thing as "consider the diagnosis" individually ". So, perhaps doctors will issue a certificate to people with a diagnosis:
1. Diseases of the endocrine system (if there are dysfunctions of other systems).
2. Heart diseases: heart disease, artificial valve, coronary artery disease, exertional angina, cardiac arrhythmias, etc.
3. Hypertensive disease of 2 and 3 degrees (if hypertensive crises occur often, then a certificate is not issued).
4. Respiratory and pulmonary heart failure.
5. Diabetes.
6. Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, diseases of the liver, pancreas (if exacerbations become more frequent, a certificate will not be issued yet).
7. Serious physical retardation, height less than 150 cm.
We remind you that doctors consider each case individually.
Mental disorders
It is forbidden to drive a car for people with personality degradation, somatoneurological disorders, drug addicts, drug addicts, alcoholics. The question of re-examining the possibility of issuing a certificate of license can be raised again no earlier than 3 years after treatment and with persistent remission.
Diseases of the nervous system
It is forbidden to drive a car for people with epilepsy, syncope, mental retardation, Meniere's disease, nystagmus, dysfunctions of the vestibular apparatus, dizziness syndromes, traumatic deformities of the skull bones, neurological symptoms.
Diseases associated with vision
A number of eye diseases (an incomplete list is provided) creates restrictions for obtaining a medical certificate for the rights:
- dichromasia (violation of color perception);
Spontaneous nystagmus (70 ° pupil deviation);
Blindness of one eye (if there is no 0.8 on the other eye without correction);
Artificial lens of the eye;
Violation of the field of vision by more than 20 °;
Visual acuity below 0.8 in both eyes (without correction);
Vision is below 0.5 in one eye and below 0.2 in the other (with correction);
- with myopia and hyperopia, the diopter difference between the two lenses should not exceed 3 diopters;
Diseases of the optic nerve and retina;
Glaucoma;
Paresis of the muscles of the eyelids, refractory inflammation of the lacrimal sac, lacrimation.
Hearing disorders
An otolaryngologist can ban driving a car if you have:
- complete deafness;
Colloquial speech is perceived at a distance of less than 3 meters, whispering - at a distance of less than 1 meter (with deafness of different ears); distance less than 2 meters (same deafness in both ears);
Fistula symptom;
Chronic suppurative otitis media with complications.
If you wear a hearing aid, your question will be decided on an individual basis.
Diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system
- problems with the spine (impairing movement);
- scars and formations that impede the mobility of the limbs and neck;
Incorrectly healed fractures;
Certain changes in large joints;
Shortening of the lower limb by more than 6 cm.
Attention! If there are problems with the musculoskeletal system, then perhaps you can consider a car with manual control or automatic transmission.
Amputated limbs
1. Lack of hands or feet.
2. Severe deformation of the hands or feet.
3. Immobility of interphalangeal joints, absence of fingers or phalanges.
4. Lack of limbs.
5. Impaired knee mobility.
6. If the amputation stump is not less than 1/3 of the lower leg and mobility in the knee is preserved, then a certificate can be issued.
7. Paresis or paralysis of the lower extremities.
8. Hemiplegia.
The traffic rules say in black and white: “Passengers are not allowed to: distract the driver from driving vehicle during his movement; when traveling on truck stand with an onboard platform, sit on the sides or on a load above the sides; open the doors of the vehicle while it is in motion ”.
With opening the doors and standing on the platform, everything is clear: I think no one wants to open the door of a car moving at a speed of 60 km / h and get out. But what a remarkably laconic phrase means - to distract the driver from driving a vehicle while driving, and how exactly a passenger can distract the driver, with what consequences - not everyone knows. Although no, the consequences are very simple - an accident. So, let's see what situations are included in the concept of "distracting the driver."
"I know better"
Often the driver, temporarily occupying the passenger's seat, begins to "prompt" where and how to go: "Come on, now in this row!", "Do not brake, do not brake!" Particularly nervous ones can start grabbing the steering wheel. Such phrases significantly interfere with the driver's comfortable driving. Remember, each driver has his own driving plan, his own style, his habits. After all, this is his car! With your "prompts" you distract him from the control, which can lead either to the fact that the driver asks you to shut up, and rudely, or to an accident. Even if the driver is a beginner, and you have many years of practice behind you, there is no need to "teach" in the process of driving. Better tell me later when the driver stops.
"Route search"
Imagine a situation - you and your driver are in an unfamiliar area or city. There is no GPS in the car. But there is a card that is conveniently located on the lap of the passenger. If the passenger is good at reading cards, then there will be no special problems. But if a passenger encounters cards every two years, then there will be some misunderstandings. “Turn right here, no, right there”, “Uh, it seems we have passed the turn”, “Here, see for yourself.” Such phrases unnerve the driver, and even slipping a map into him when he is driving and looking at road signs and markings is not at all worth it. Again, this can lead to an accident.
"Argument"
If I had my way, I would generally not recommend getting behind the wheel after a quarrel or during a quarrel with a passenger. Irritability, anger, resentment - not best helpers while taxiing. And if the person with whom you are quarreling is sitting next to it, then this is a nightmare not only for you, but also for the rest of the road users.
"Stressful situations"
Stressful situations on the road occur every minute. Motorists cut each other off, "climb" out of turn, do not yield to "interference from the right", honk in traffic jams and at traffic lights. The passenger should not shout, cry and be hysterical after every such situation. On the contrary, he should remain calm and try to reassure the driver if required. Control yourself, do not program accidents and be prepared for anything.
Of course, there are many more examples of how you can interfere with the driver without even wanting to. You shouldn't try them in practice. Better not to distract him, because the safety of many people, including yours, depends on him.
As you know our roads are constantly distracting the attention of any driver. Plus, on the roads you can find drivers who have inappropriate behavior for various reasons (someone due to lack of experience, etc.). In this situation, for many drivers, due to such actions on the road, their own safety is noticeably reduced. You should in no way be like such grief of motorists. Our online publication has chosen ten specific ways for you that will help keep you safe on the road while driving and will make you, hopefully, more skillful and experienced drivers.
10) Feel your car yourself on a slippery road
How it can help and teach you how to drive a car better: Choose a safe place to start. This can be any empty parking lot or driving training area. After the past rain or snow, immediately go to a similar place to learn how to better feel the car on slippery road... On slippery roads, you will be able to know the limits of your own car, as well as determine in which specific situations it loses traction.
In order to fully feel the car, it is necessary to try to do everything on a wet or icy road so that the car starts to lose traction. To do this, it is necessary, with a sharp increase in speed, to rotate the wheels of the machine in different directions, in order to thereby reduce its adhesion to road surface... Remember, you must do all this strictly safe place where there are no lampposts or other cars. ...
9) Car video games
Do you think that video games like these won't help you learn to drive better? Then answer one question, why do airplane pilots train on computer simulators for a long time? In fact, these video games can specifically help any driver improve their driving skills. The point here is the following, there are games that are practically the same virtual. It is such games that will be able to teach directly the driver and attentiveness (without which there is no place on the road), and the desired reaction, and the visual trajectory of the car's movement, and also allow him, on a subconscious level, to fix in his memory some certain actions that will become necessary for further control car in real life.
8) Learn to be sure to drive a car with a manual transmission
How it can help you learn to drive better: In recent years, the share vehicle fleet with automatic transmission gear is growing steadily upward. This is primarily due to the fact that automatic transmissions are much more convenient and practical. But to our disappointment, such an automatic transmission does not give you the full feel of the entire vehicle. Many newcomers on the road these days, unfortunately, can only drive a car with automatic transmission... The point here is this, you can study and now you can just like in a car with manual transmission and with an equipped automatic transmission.
In addition to everything, you must learn from a certain practice of the so-called "situational awareness", this is very important in all aspects of our life, and even more so when you are driving your car. Driving a car with mechanical box transmission allows the driver to assess the real situation on the road and always be more attentive while driving. In order to be more attentive on the road, you must learn to see everything that surrounds you at the time.
Start simple at first, try to learn to see as you move. Further, during your trip, you must learn not to miss a single pedestrian crossing and more than one path designed specifically for cyclists. Having learned to read all the signs and the same road markings without much difficulty, you gradually move on to the next acquisition of the skills you need.
Now you need to learn when driving a car to see and notice all the vehicles that move around you.
This also applies to motorcycles, which you must learn to keep in sight and notice them instantly when they pass you.
This is one of the key points of mindfulness besides the skill of driving, which is taught in any driving school. sport driving... The point here is this, being able to drive a car but not having the necessary attentiveness on the road (for example, if you do not observe all the vehicles around you), emergency situation most likely you will not figure out what to do and how to act, in which direction you need to turn. The reason is very simple - you were not aware of your surroundings on the road.
1) Drive your car more
How it can help you learn to drive better: L The best thing you can do to become a more experienced and skillful driver is first and foremost practice, practice, and more practice. The more you drive a car, the more experience you will get. After gaining a little experience in a driving school and then securing it yourself on special sites, and perhaps even having completed courses of additional skill in driving, you try not to give up further trips by car. Never be afraid to drive. Keep in mind that if you are once again afraid of going somewhere, then you will have even more fear than before, and it will be very difficult to get out of this vicious circle.
There is simply no substitute or alternative to this. It's just like playing a musical instrument or skiing. Without daily practice, you will not be able to consolidate your driving experience and will simply lose it over time. After all, many of us know that if a musician plays a musical instrument only 4 times a year, then surely he will simply forget how to perfectly master his playing skills (unless of course he is not Mozart). The same is the case with the skill of driving a car (unless you are the second great Senna).
Thus, you just need to remember if you are wary of your car and recently received driver's license, i.e. right, then, the very first thing you need to do, so. Are you afraid of cars? This is fixable, then train specifically on a specially designated area or go out on the road at 4 in the morning, when in your settlement all the roads are still practically empty.
The answer to the question posed in the title of the article is, in fact, unambiguous: in the process of driving, everything that has nothing to do with him (the process of driving) interferes with the driver. On the road, you should be as concentrated on driving as possible - this is how they teach us in driving school.
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Let's consider the most common factors that distract drivers from the road, or impair their attentiveness, reaction, the ability to concentrate and make adequate decisions. Factor one: alcohol The eternal misfortune of Russian car owners. Alcohol, in any case and in any dose, negatively affects the ability of the driver to drive the vehicle. And there can be no reservations. Many mistakenly hope for the strength of their body, believing that 50 grams of vodka or a glass of beer will not affect their condition. This is not true! Those who have taken part in tests on special stands simulating the driving process at least once do not believe their eyes when they look at the test results! Already after 25 grams of vodka, an unconscious desire appears. After 50 grams of vodka, the reaction rate and other medical and biological indicators of a person are significantly reduced; the likelihood of an accident in this case increases 2 - 3 times. After a more significant dose, the driver becomes unable to correctly estimate the distance from his car to an obstacle (for example, to a pedestrian). It seems to the driver that there is 30 meters in front of him, in fact - only 15. There can be no two opinions: alcohol while driving is dangerous in any amount. And you shouldn't even think about concepts like "maximum allowable dose". By the way, traditional ideas about the sobering effect of some drugs - for example, coffee, tea or ammonia - do not justify themselves in practice. "In practice" - this means in the process of medical examination of the driver after his arrest by the traffic police. There can be only one recipe here: a long rest. It is categorically not recommended to get behind the wheel "after yesterday". Is that "after the day before yesterday", and even then it should be remembered that alcohol is stored in the body for several days, which can also be determined medically. Factor 2. Smoking while driving How many percent of the Russian population smokes? The same number of smoking drivers on the road (among men, this percentage is higher). Smoking while driving is so frequent that it should not be ignored, especially since it also often becomes the cause of the accident Almost none of the smoking drivers looks at the road at the moment of lighting their cigarette - their gaze is directed at the tip of the cigarette and the light of the lighter. This lasts for 2-3 seconds. More than enough for an accident, as the situation on the road changes every moment. Already at a speed of 60 km / h in one second, the car travels 16.6 meters. Extra seconds of inattention also arise from the fact that you have to take out a lighter, shake off the ashes in an ashtray, or be distracted by lowering the glass on the go. Factor 3. Talking on the phone The corresponding chapter in the new edition of the "Code on administrative offenses". Conversations on a mobile phone while driving without using the “hands-free” system are fraught with serious fines precisely because of their danger. And in general, conversations on the phone (even according to the rules), however, like conversations in the car with passengers, are also a distraction ... The popular literary image of "jumping up to the ceiling when you hear the killer news" while driving is embodied in a very real road traffic accident. The same can be said about the distraction of music and audiobooks, not to mention the car TV. Distracted, you can run into trouble even in a "standing" traffic jam. Factor 4. Overwork Another driver's axiom: tired, did not get enough sleep - take a break! Do not fight with the body, choose a parking spot, stop and take a nap at least for a short time. Remember the deadly tired Stirlitz, hurrying on business. "He is asleep, but in exactly twenty minutes he will wake up and go to Berlin." Do the same ... Drowsiness occurs, in particular, after overeating, after taking strong sedatives. A slight degree of fatigue, drowsiness is removed with cold washing, strong tea, coffee. Physical training on the sidelines also helps - literally a few exercises. The soothing effect of the soft driver's seat is prevented by a massager. However, with moderate to severe fatigue, only sleep helps. Factor 5. Automotive knick-knacks It would seem a trifle and, nevertheless ... Key rings hanging on the mirror in front of the driver, various decorations in the cabin can also serve as a distraction. Moreover, if the hanging knick-knacks obscure the driver's view through windshield... Try to do without all this. For a driver in a car, everything should be about driving - and only driving. By the way, even an illiterately chosen panoramic rear-view mirror can seriously interfere with the view. Finally, a piece of advice to novice drivers: try not to be distracted by anything other than driving a vehicle during the first 1000 km. Igor Maslov, www.rulish. ru
