Cold forced to the middle band of Russia forced some car owners to remember already had forbidden skills in resuscitation of their frozen iron horses. Methods are different, but one of the most common is towing to the nearest service or to start the engine "from the Tolkach". It seems to be nothing complicated in this, but errors occur quite often. And not only technical. Knowledge of laws are necessary for towing.
In the rules road There is a 20th section, which is also called: "towing mechanical vehicles". We are not talking about towing trailer. Although it is considered a vehicle, but it does not apply to mechanical.
Towing a car on a flexible coupling
The most popular way of towing on the "tie", which in the PDD language is called a flexible coupling. Contrary to the problem of the concerned means for these purposes are not very good. There are several reasons.First, the required cable length should be provided - from 4 to 6 m. Such a distance is considered optimal from the point of view of safety, since, on the one hand, it allows you to control the trajectory of movement to both drivers, and on the other - it is possible to slow down without Threats of collision.
The second condition - the cable must be denoted by at least two flags or square panels with a size of 20 by 20 cm with red-white diagonal stripes. This is not good at all, but a very relevant requirement, especially in winter time The year, when the most of the day on the street is dark: God forbid someone will not notice the cable and decides to rebuild between the tow and its "trailer" or, even worse, slip between them at the intersection.
Finally, the "tie" should be durable and have reliable mechanism Fastening towers. After all, its gap with strong tension can be dangerous not only for both cars, but also for those who have been near people.
Using light instruments
Few people remember the rules for the use of external light instruments: alarm must be included only on a towed car, while in towing - low headlights. This allows others to better understand the "Caravan" maneuvers, which turn signals are preventing. If, due to the seven battery, the "accident" does not work, behind the towed car, the triangle of the emergency stop sign should be fixed. This is again due to the need to attract attention to others. special conditions Movement, which is doubly relevant under reduced visibility. Do not forget also that maximum speed When towing is limited to 50 km / h, so passing drivers will not prevent in advance to warn that there is a relative squabble in front.
In what cases towing on a flexible coupling is prohibited
Of course, driving towed on flexible coupling the car must be a person with driver's license and sufficient management skills. First, from the point of view of traffic rules to the driver of a faulty car, the same requirements are made as to the usual driver. And secondly, towing is not a simple matter. The corresponding assistants do not function on the car with a non-working engine - the brake and steering amplifiers, which makes the fulfillment of familiar manipulations much more difficult both physically and morally. If a steering Or brakes are completely inoperable, the towing on the "tie" is prohibited at all and better resort to the help of professional evacuation services.Another ban marked in the traffic rules concerns towing on a flexible coupling in the Hollyeditsa. We believe, no comments are not required about the reasons for such a restriction. But even on the dry winter road, when you start the engine on the go, you need to be extremely careful on the go, because if the mixing pedal is too dramatically, the towing machine can lose the coating grip.
Finally, before towing, do not be lazy to learn the appropriate section of the instruction manual for your car. After all, violation of existing technical restrictions may adversely affect not only the cost of further repair of the car, but also on traffic safety.
Subtlety towing
Despite the fact that the section "Towing of mechanical vehicles" does not concern cases of movement with trailers, in the rules of the road, there are restrictions on both situations. For example, a road sign 3.7 "Movement with a trailer is prohibited" extends its effect, including towing another vehicle. Similarly, there is any sign complemented by a sign 4.2 with an image of the trailer.Despite the fact that it is not written directly by anywhere by following the logic of traffic rules, when towing it is necessary to comply with the requirements of signs that limit the overall actual mass and the length of vehicles (signs 3.11 and 3.15, respectively). In addition, traffic rules directly prohibit both towing two or more mechanical vehicles and towing two or more trailers. At the same time, towing faulty road train is allowed, since it is considered one transport unit from the point of view of the MDD.
State Standard of the SSR Union
Towing devices
General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST 25907-89
State Committee of the USSR on Standards
Moscow
State Standard of the SSR Union
|
Towing devices General technical requirements. Methods test Towing Attachments for commercial venices. General Technical Requirements and Test Procedure. |
GOST 25907-89 |
Validity from 01/01/90.
up to 01.0. .9 5
Failure to comply with the standard is prosecuted by law.
This standard applies to towing devices consisting of a towing plug or a sociest nest (towing forks or nests) located in the front of the cars of all types (except for passenger and cargo-passenger, made on their base) a structural full weight * up to 50,000 kg (as well as In the back of those cars that do not have a traction coupling device), and a rod tongue type "bar" or "triangle" used as a coupling link with a towing car, which has a rear hook in GOST 2349 or a traction plug according to ST SEV 5165 .
The standard does not apply to towed devices of cars with a constructive full mass of over 50,000 kg and cars delivered to 01.01.92, as well as towing devices of other types.
1. Types, basic parameters and dimensions
1.1. Depending on the constructive execution Towing devices of types "Rod - towing plug" and "Triangle - towing plugs" should be distinguished.
* Under the structural full mass saddle tractor It should be understood as the sum of the mass of the exhaust tractor and the saddle masses installed by the manufacturer, as well as the regulated masses of the driver and the service personnel by the number of places in the cabin.
1.2. The tug-repellent device must be determined depending on the structural total mass of the towed vehicle in accordance with the table.
Dimensions, mm.
|
Size |
Constructive full mass of towed car, kg |
no less |
no less |
no less |
The height of the longitudinal axis of a towing plug |
|||
|
Up to 3500. |
1800 |
From 570. up to 1150. |
From 1500. until 2000. |
From 300 to 800 |
||||
|
St. 3500 to 19000 |
2100 |
From 600 * |
||||||
|
St. 14500 to 35000 |
2200 |
|||||||
|
St. 30000. |
From 900. up to 1300. |
* The concrete value is established by the manufacturer's coordination with the consumer (Customer).
1.3. The main sizes of a towing plug with a kingle must match the specified. 1 and in the table.
Heck. one
Note. Construction of a towing plug with a kingny drawing not regulated.
1.4. On cars of all types, except cars high passabilityOne or two towing plugs should be installed, and the installation of two towing forks is required on high passability cars. Towing plugs should be arranged either in the vertical longitudinal plane of the symmetry of the car (one fork), or symmetrically relative to it at a distance of from 570 to 1150 mm between the axes of the pivot (two plugs), and the axis of the fork (forks) should be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car.
In coordination of the manufacturer with the consumer (customer), another number and location of towing plots are allowed.
1.5. The height of the location of the longitudinal axis of the towing plug (towing forks) from the supporting surface for cars of all types, except for buses, must comply with the table specified in the table, and for buses - to be installed in coordinating the manufacturer with the consumer (Customer).
Heck. 2.
Notes:
1. The construction of the tug is not regulated by the drawing.
2. Deviation of hinge sizes according to GOST 7505.
1.6. The sizes of tugs and their loops must correspond specified by the hell. 2 and in the table. For tugging of the type "bar" of sizes 1-3, in order to coordinate the manufacturer with the consumer (customer), it is allowed, and for the Tugger of the Size 4, the same loops are required at both ends of the tug, which must match the specified ones. 2 for hinges, covered with a traction-coupling device of a towing car.
For triangle tugs, in the design of which hinges with a horizontal axis of rotation are built, the dimensions of the loops, covered with towing forks, is allowed to be installed by coordinating the manufacturer with the consumer (customer).
For international transport, the size of the hinge of a tug, which is connected to the traction coupling device of the towing car must correspond to the ST SEV 5165.
The construction of the triangle type tug must allow to resize FROMwithin the limits specified in the table.
2. General technical requirements
2.1. Elements of a towing device (towing forks and rigid tugs) must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for regulatory and technical documentation.
2.2. The design dimensions and shapes of the elements of towing devices, the material and method of manufacturing, as well as the place and method of fastening the towing plug (towing forks) to the car and the constraint method of the Square should be installed in the regulatory and technical documentation on the results of the calculation on the strength and experience of operation.
2.3. The hardness of the conjugated working surfaces of the loop of a tug and a pivot fork should not be lowerHRC E 43.
2.4. Towing forks should not be for the dimensions of the car, and their design and location should provide the possibility of free deviation of the attached tug by a longitudinal axis of the car:
in the vertical plane (anglea. heck. 1) at an angle of at least ± 15 °, and for high passability cars at an angle of at least ± 45 °. The last requirement is allowed to ensure the construction of a tug;
in the horizontal plane (the angle β feature 1) for a tug of a "bar" at an angle of at least ± 50 °.
In coordination of the manufacturer with the consumer (customer), other angles of free deviation of the attached tug is allowed.
For a tug, made with the same loop-sizes in accordance with, the angles of free deviations are established by coordinating the manufacturer with the consumer (customer).
2.5. The design dimensions and shape of a towing plug must provide the possibility of a clutch with a cable, chain or rope when pulling out the jammed vehicle or fixing the car for transporting it on another vehicle.
2.6. Skveren must be located vertically and have a landing with a guaranteed gap in a towing plug holes. The design of the stopping of the kkworn must exclude the possibility of spontaneous disconnection of the tug, while moving and not to prevent its deviation within the angles provided for in paragraph 2.4.
2.7. Coupling hinges of the tug must be fixedly fixed and installed in the same plane. For a tug of a "bar" type, a mutual deviation of the planes of the loops of no more than 3 ° is allowed. For a triangle type tugboy, with a support for the overall plane, the imperpendacularity of the axis of each hitch hinge of the tug. This plane should be no more than 3 °.
2.8. Tuging should be painted with red and white alternating transverse stripes width 240-260 mm.
At the request of the consumer (customer), one-photographic color of dark colors is allowed.
2.9. At the tug must be applied:
sizes designation;
maximum structural full mass of the towed car in tons;
trademark of the manufacturer;
stamp control service;
month and year of letting a tug.
3. Test methods
3.1. Testing devices are divided into laboratory and mileage and must be carried out during the preliminary tests of the car, and the running tests of towing devices are also at the car's acceptance tests.
3.2. With laboratory tests of towing plots, the car must be fixed from movements on a solid horizontal reference surface by fixing the elements of the front axle. Instead of a complete car, it is allowed to use its chassis or housing while ensuring the equivalence of loading conditions.
3.3. The static load with laboratory tests must be applied to a knevinnu installed in a towing plug through a rigid barbell or replacing it with a fixation of the operation of the rod both on stretching and compression.
3.4. Laboratory testsWellows must be sequentially in the directions of the static load:
at an angle of ± 25 ° to the longitudinal axis of the car in the horizontal plane;
at an angle of ± 10 ° to the longitudinal axis of the car in its vertical plane.
The magnitude of the static load should be equal to half the force of gravity from the structural full mass of the car.
3.5. For cars having two towing plugs in front of the front, there are additionally conducted laboratory tests of towing forks with a triangle type towing in the directions of the static load:
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the car;
at an angle of ± 5 ° to the longitudinal axis of the car in its vertical plane.
The magnitude of the static load should be equal to the two-way of gravity of gravity from the structural full mass of the car, and for cars made according to the requirements of the customer - the tripled value of gravity from the structural full mass of the car or to be established in agreement with the consumer (Customer).
3.6. Laboratory tests of tugs should be carried out with the simulation of their work both on compression and tensile, while the magnitude of the static load for the tug of the "rod" should be half the force of gravity from the structural total mass of the car towed, for the triangle type tuggers - one and a half The magnitude, and for tugs of the type "Triangle" manufactured according to the requirements of the customer - the tripled value. As a constructive full mass of the towed car for the tug of the corresponding sizes, it should be made of its maximum value on the table. For triangle tugs, it is allowed to carry out tests by the loop, connected to the car traction device, the side static load, acting in the total tug plane in two directions, and its value should be such to ensure equivalent to the above loading of the tug hinges, adhesive with towing forks.
3.7. The number of repetitions of each PP static load application. 3.4-3.6 must be at least five. Control of the angle of the static load application, as well as the angles of the flexibility of the towing device according to claim 2.4 and the angles of the interpordability of the planes, the loops of the software should be carried out with the corresponding intake tool with an error of not more than 0.2 °.
3.8. Running tests of towing devices should be carried out by towing a car loaded to a structural full mass, in the amount of at least 250 km of run at a speed of no higher than 50 km / h, and 120 km of mileage must be carried out in the conditions of imitation of the city traffic regime, and 130 km of run - When moving on dirt roads. When using a triangle type tugger, the rotation radii of the towing vehicle must exceed the minimum rotation radius of the towed car at least 1.25 times to avoid the lateral slip of the front axle of the towed car and the danger of a tug of tug and towing forks.
Running tests of towing devices of the saddle tractor are allowed when it is equipped.
3.9. After the end of both laboratory and mileage tests, the details of the towing forks and a tug, as well as the parts of the carrier system, to which towing plugs are attached, should not be deformed, the elements of the attachment of towing plugs should not be destroyed, and located near towing functions (lighting and lighting and Signal devices, brake system elements, steering, etc.) should not be damaged. Visual control.
Information details
1. Designed and submitted by the Ministry of Automotive and Agricultural Engineering of the USSR
Standard developers.
O.I. Girutsky Cand. tehn Sciences (head of the topic); IN AND. Solovyov, Cand. tehn sciences; N.M. Varypayev; B.V. Kisulenko, Cand. tehn sciences; I.I. Malashkov, Cand. tehn Science
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED RESOLUTION OF THE STATE COMMITTEE OF THE USSR on standards from 29.06.89 No. 2277
3. Checking term 1994
4. Instead of GOST 25906-83, GOST 25907-83
4. Reference regulatory and technical documents
During training in driving slices, it is extremely little time to work out the rules of towing cars. Know the highlights of how to behave in practice when towing motor vehicle, It is important for any motorist.
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It is necessary to be able to deal not only in the concepts and postulates. Knowledge of the clutch options, methods of attachment and transporting cars.
To car control standards, which is a tug, belongs speed \u200b\u200bregime, Apply a certain cable length and more.
Definition of concept
Towing the machine is the manipulation of the transportation of the car using the traction force of another motor vehicle and the connecting parts. The principle of moving mechanical vehicles is simple - one machine transports the other from one place to another.
The procedure appears the following concepts:
- Towing cars - That which car trains, requiring forced transportation.
- Towing cars - That which is directly transported by the trailer (rides the second attached to the traction machine).
- Farcop – special device At the bottom behind the car, allowing you to use it as a tractor. Carabins, other connecting elements cling to the hillock.
- "Paws" (hooks, other) - Apply ahead of the machine, in order to cling to the connecting device, which comes from the towing train (from the land).
The towing vehicle is mandatory must be suitable in order to slow down on the way on time, or regulate turns.
If the machine is not capable of this, then it should be evacuated using special transport equipment. In this case, the car with a broken steering wheel or brakes does not apply to towing.
Causes for action
Usually the main reason why a car towing is needed, it is a breakdown when the car cannot ride it yourself, and it is required to be removed from the roadway.
The urgency of the removal from the surface of the road canvase vehicle is dictated by the fact that it turns out or otherwise interferes with the passage of other participants in the movement.
Based on the rules, there are cases when it is forbidden to use the method of towing, and there are cases when it is permitted.
Cases when towing:
- The car unexpectedly broke down, can't go further.
- The fuel ended, the car did not reach the refueling.
- The car after the accident is not on the go.
Situations in which it is forbidden to tow car:
- Hooleda.
- Brake breakdowns, steering wheel.
- The use of flexible clutch during the transportation of a motorcycle without a carriage, moped, scooter.
- Simultaneous towing two or more TC.
- Two-wheeled vehicles without a trailer trolley (strollers).
- Motor vehicle movement is all-wheel drive - it should be transported with full loading.
Important! If the steering system fails, the towing is permissible to carry out partial loading on the platform.
Methods
The hitch type is a variant of the device, with which one machine is directly connected to another. Between themselves differ not only in the design, but also by the accuracy of the trajectories when moving two connected cars.
Towing transportation must be carried out so as not to create any obstacles on the road with a cross-cutting movement. To do this, it is necessary to choose the right technology - the fastening equipment and the method itself.
On a flexible coupling
Flexible cable when towing is unreliable in terms of even ride. Due to the fact that he holds the driven car exclusively only
The rules of transporting the second machine attached to the auto-towighter with a flexible hitch:
- The driver of the car riding the second account must be in the cabin.
- On the flexible link of the connecting part, you are sure to stick, or in a different way, warning signs are attached - shields, checkboxes.
- Passengers are planted.
- The distance from the car to the car is not more than 5 m.
Important! In the absence of flaps, or flags, it is allowed to tie red ribbons, strips of red fabric.
Warning marks flags have the following appearance characteristics:
On a hard coupling
The rigid attachment for forced transportation of the vehicle is considered the most secure.
Due to the fact that the rigid coupling retains the trajectory when the connected car moves, the second machine will not deviate from the way and interfere with the passage of other cars.
Features of tug rules with rigid coupling are as follows:
- Fortress of connections.
- Smooth trajectory of the movement of the second machine.
- The presence of the driver in the second car salon is optional. But this is only in the case when it is obvious that the trajectory throughout the path will be straightforward.
- The driver is required at the wheel of the second vehicle in the case of the turns or stops arising in the path.
- The distance between the two machines should be no more than 4 m.
- The length of the hard attachment adaptation is not more than 4 m.
- The minimum distance is permissible - 2.5-3 m, not more than half the length of the car-tractor.
- Passengers from the cabin or body of the machine are planted.
- The maintenance of the brake or steering is obligatory.
If the distance or length of the fastener is not met, then during maneuvering (turns, turns) there is a risk of touching connected machines, friction or collisions.
By partial loading method
Partial loading - Finding a car with front wheels on the riding platform, while the back with unlocked wheels is dragging along the ground.
Typically causes a tow truck, which is tugging with partial loading. But then this service will not call the towing service, but rather evacuation of the car.
This method is possible in the event of a brake system failure. But here you can still apply the mounting option on the rigid frame (rigid coupling). The main control of such a "steam room" is transmitted to the driver of the leading machine.
Types of partial towing:
- Applied trailer applied.
- The tow truck is caused and transports with partial loading of the front running part, or only the wheels on the mini-platform.
- Truck, truck. The rear part of the driven car in this case is not hung, and goes at the expense of the rear wheels.
- Loading the rear chassis, the front wheels will allow the machine to move on the way.
- Control of brake and steering systems.
- The integrity of the coating of the body - there should be no discontinuities, curved outwards of pointed pieces (if the car visited).
- Feebility of door loops, handles, glasses.
- Carabins and other elements of the attachment must be working.
- For flexible clutch, a cable is required for a certain length.
- For rigid fastening - special fixture of durable and high-quality metal.
Important! During the movement of the second machine, it is tilted if towed with partial loading. In this case, the second driver cannot be placed in the cabin driving such a vehicle.
The motorist can control the course of towed transport only when the car rides along the horizontal plane.
What should be
What is necessary for successful and authorized transportation of the machine by towing:
In case of transport passenger carsmobile fits flexible clutch option. But for transporting a truck or passenger vehicle, a hard coupling is required.
With the last type of towing, the trajectory of promotion of the second vehicle will not deviate. Thus, during the passage, unnecessary interference will be created for other participants.
Cable length
The cable should not be shorter than 4 meters and 5 meters longer than 5 meters. It should be noted that the longer the flexible clutch equipment will be, the greater the risk of trajectory deviation when moving.
If the cable is shorter than the specified norm, then there is a big risk of a collision of the slave vehicle with a car pulling it.
The color of the cable does not matter. The accumulation of steel fibers is impregnated with retroreflective compositions.
In the case of the use of a red and white cable with the "Catami" effect, it is allowed not to trigger striped signs. Such cables themselves signal and serve as a means of feeding warning signals.
Most often you can find products from the threads of the following shades, their combinations:
- red;
- orange;
- blue;
- blue with white;
- white with red;
- orange with white;
- other variations.
High-speed plays a role as it is with one or another cable length. Even slow riding a leading driver will not allow the perfectly ride the driven motorist.
That's why it is required that a person is behind the wheel (transported) the car, ready to always adjust the vector of movement.
Motion speed
The main postulate of the rules regarding the speed regime is valid for all types of vehicles and in all cases of towing. Approved one rule at all.
Allowed speeds used during the towing of another machine:
If the car has a transmission automatic, to be forced with the location on the roadway, it must be carried exclusively at a speed of 30 km / h - no more.
The only one, in the case of transmissions of more than 3-stages, allowed to carry the vehicle at a speed of increased, but not more than 50km / h.
Rules towing vehicles
Rules, how similar manipulations are made without prejudice to other participants are indicated in paragraph 20 of traffic rules (traffic rules). Drawn attention to different details.
For example, in order to be in the cabin there are passengers when the bus, the trolleybus will be the second to go beyond the towing transport. It is necessary to correct the connecting elements correctly.
General rules:
- Machines should move strictly in general, obeying road signs, markup.
- With a low-speed movement, the right side should be kept on its lane, thereby giving the opportunity to other participants freely go around two bonded moving machines.
- If a motorist has driving experience less than 2 years, it is not allowed to be towed - lead the car towing.
- When the steering, braking systems fails, but by weight, the towed car is easier than the towing 2 times, there are two options for transporting the machine - partial loading or on a rigid coupling.
- The rear of the second car is supplied with a special sign, a sticker confirming the emergency stop. Such designations should be not less than 2.
- Both cars include the headlights of the near lighting (you can use fog lights, day-use).
- The mass of a disastrous car should be lighter than 2 times the towing.
Requirement k driving experience For persons who want to tow other cars are specified in. Such a restriction does not affect the driver, the second vehicle subjected to departing.
Passenger cars
It is extremely important where the driver of the second car is being taken. It is necessary to pay attention to the fortress of the castle connections of fasteners, which attach the cable (or other equipment) from the towing car to the towed car.
Rules for fasteners and towing passenger cars:
- The integrity of the cable must be 100%. The slightest ruptures (kapron, polyester, cloth cables), cracks, chips (metal surfaces of cables) immediately should motorist show all unreliability. Also, if the cable was broken, and then again connected - it is not suitable for use in the tug.
- Carefully check seryl, hooks. Their fortress and fixation stability should be as stated by the manufacturer and comply with the norm. Nothing should be loosened and "thinned".
- The height of the towing element should not exceed the height of the passenger car by 1.5-2 times. Otherwise, when driving, the slave will be inclined to fall on the side. Therefore, trucks with a high chassis frame can not make such trips.
- The motorist who leads the first transport must have 2 years of driving experience.
Why is it unwanted towing a car on automatic transmission, you can see from the following observations:
- maslonasos when the motor is turned off does not function;
- transmission activities continue;
- cooling that is required is missing;
- the main aggregate system overheats and comes to the full breakdown.
Features of transportation by a car with automatic transmission ( automatic box Transmissions):
- The transmission fluid (ATP) should fill the corresponding containers and channels in the maximum volume.
- The steering wheel should not be blocked, so it is "released" with the key in the ignition lock, lead to the "T" position.
- Set to the "neutral" gear selector gearbox. Or you can use sustained rule - "50 x 50" (the speed of 50 km / h is observed for 50 km of the route).
- Constantly keep on control the temperature of the transmission system. If necessary, regular stops for natural cooling are made.
- In the presence of brake faults, steering knot, it is best to tug on a hard fastener.
Trailer
When towing trailers, the following rules should also be observed:
- Speed \u200b\u200b- no more than 70 km / h.
- Mass of load with a loaded trailer - it should be lighter than the tractor 2 times.
- The distance between the machine and the trailer is the distance increases by 2 times with a loading trailer.
- The right selection of the hitch method.
- Signal signs, striped red and white beaches flags.
- The parking is carried out necessarily with the limiters of movements that need to be put under the wheels of the loaded trailer.
- It is impossible to slow down the towing driver in case of drifts. Otherwise, the trailer will hit the car from behind. Recommended to pull the trailer.
The most suitable will be hitch on a rigid frame. In this case, formed by the connecting element, the triangle will create excellent fixation.
The trailer will not be able to fall in the side, or move the path from the trajectory, and it will be more smoothly follow the machine-tractor.
Motorcycle (with a stroller and without)
With a carriage, the motor transport is allowed to carry the method of towing just like passenger cars. Here it is appropriate to apply any type of hitch, but hard is recommended.
If a motorcycle without a carriage, but requires a towing, then it is carried out exclusively fixed firmly on the corresponding platform.
Then they talk about cargo transportation, or evacuation, not towing. Any motorcycle is not allowed to use as a tractor.
Truck
Regulations, how to tow a truck correctly:
- In the event of a transport of a truck, there should be no people or animals in the bodies. At the same time the driver cargo car You need to be in the cockpit.
- The optimal clutch option is rigid.
- The resolved mass of the tractor must exceed the weight of the towed TC 2 times.
The rest of the distance must be respected by general rules. Need to apply for this trailed devices The length does not exceed the standards of the distance. So, for the rigid coupling, the length of the connecting element is not more than 4 meters.
Consequences of violation of rules and punishment
In case of violations of the rules when tugging in cases of prohibition on this species Manipulations, the Administrative Legal Code provides money recovery.
The size of the fine is 500 rubles. This is stated in. But if the driver first time made the transportation of another vehicle with violations of the norms, then he may threaten just a warning.
For exceeding the speed and non-compliance with other rules of general implementation, sanctions are threatened, in accordance with the articles of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
In Russia and nearby countries, the flexible type of coupling is most common than the hard version of the attachments. In the countries of the European Union and other Western states, the situation is the case, on the contrary - prefer to apply a tough coupling.
The rigid coupling should be an indispensable "accessory" of each passenger car. With this rigid towing device, the problem arising in the case of a sudden breakage on the road is quickly and easily solved.
Benefits
Produced in the form of a barbell or triangle, very compact and freely placed in the trunk.
A device that does not exceed the size of a conventional jack is easily transformed, takes a rigid state and turns into a complete towing agent.
The main advantages should also include the preservation of a constant and constant distance between cars during towing. The quality is confirmed by the relevant certificates. Affordable price Only increases their advantage.
The price of rigid coupling for passenger cars varies depending on the type, permissible mass of the towed car and the diameter of towing hooks or lying. The cost of the rod is kept in the range of 2000-2500 rubles, a triangle type device - in the range of 4000-4500 rubles.
When using a triangle type towing device, the towed vehicle can be towed without the driver in it.
Types
1. A rigid coupling for a passenger car (SZBSH) is represented as a folding towing rod, the links of which have hinge connections.
2. The construction of a rigid hitch for a car "SZBT" is represented as a folding towing triangle. It is performed from two rods, to connect which the junction links are also used.
This is an affordable towing means that does not require preliminary preparation for its use, suitable for vertical cars and horizontal eyeles. For the manufacture, a all-metal pipe is used, the parameters of which correspond to the specifications.
Video: Foldable rigid tug device type "Triangle".
What should be considered when towing
Important. Motor vehicles should stick to a special speed mode. So, in conditions of bad weather, the speed should not exceed forty kilometers. With favorable climatic conditions The speed of movement can reach fifty kilometers.
Both vehicles must move with an emergency signaling included, and the presenter car must move with the headlights of the near light.
If the towing is carried out on the mountainous area, it is recommended to take place at one speed, avoiding switching to another.
With special care and care should be overtaking, taking into account the length of the towing road train.
Are there any restrictions on
This is the safest way to tug a car used to evacuate it in the event of a sudden breakage. Especially common in damage to the car as a result of an accident.
Can be applied to towing cars:
- domestic;
- foreign production;
- in the dark;
- in winter;
- in fog conditions;
- on lively urban streets;
- with a faulty brake system (unless of course, the mass of the towed car does not exceed half the mass of the towing driver).
In view of the fact that the rigid coupling for passenger cars is fastened with the help of a hinge compound, the fastening process is performed with their own hands quite simple and quickly. Due to the hinge compound, the car can easily change the direction of movement.
Video: Demonstration of homemade stiff hitch for a passenger car.
The presence of such a tool in a passenger car definitely only adds confidence on a trip to any motorist. After all, as you know, there are never timely and appropriate breakdown on the road.
The rigid coupling has versatility, since, with the same success, can be used for towing at a distance - and passenger, and trucks. The design of the rigid hitch is such that its elements can be fixed on any vehicle. This is important, since the towing of the car, especially the freight - the procedure is quite time-consuming.
Coupling varieties: flexible and tough. What option to choose - depends on technical status Machines that need to tow. In case, for example, if there are some kind of malfunctions in the brake system, only a rigid hitch is used for towing: the fact is that the tractor and towed car should move along one track - the flexible coupling will not be able to provide it.
Advantages of a tight hitch, compared to flexible
The first, most importantly: the absence of that jerk, in which the towed car approaches the tractor at the critical distance.
Second: Between both vehicles There is a constant distance.
Third: for towing on a rigid coupling, only one driver needs (except when a towing bar is used) - behind the wheel of the tractor, and the driver does not necessarily have any complex driving skills.
Fourth: a rigid coupling is the safest way to attach transport.
These advantages and explains the fact that a rigid coupling is used everywhere and in the most difficult conditions.
It must be said that few drivers have a rigid coupling in their arsenal, although the cable is available in everyone.
The rigid coupling is a metal device that can be performed in the simplest variant - in the form of a bar. This version of the rigid hitch serves, as a rule, for towing passenger cars: to each car, the hitch is attached only at one point.
More complex structures, made in the form of a trapezium with eyelets or triangles, are attached to each car at once at several points - with such a mount, the towed car goes strictly behind the tractor, in one row, not moving to the sides.
For different rigid clutch designs spelled out different rules towing.
Preparation for car towing
- The weight of the tractor must exceed the weight of the towed car, so that the tractor itself walks easily, and its engine did not overheat. If a truck needs in towing, the toneness of the truck and weight of the cargo plays an important role.
- The design of the rigid hitch should be approached for towing a car of this weight category. Its dimensions should provide a distance between vehicles - no more than 4 meters. The rigid coupling must be painted in bright, red-white or black and yellow stripes, or warning, red shields or flags should be attached on it.
- In the tractor, before the upcoming load, you need to check the belt tension and the coolant level.
- In the towed car you need to disconnect the low voltage wire on the ignition coil.
- Before the start of movement, the drivers of both cars need to be agreed.
Towing process
1. A towed car needs to be removed from manual brakes and turn on the transmission.
2. Before starting, on the tractor you need to include the Middle Light of the headlights or fog lights, and on the towed car - alarm Or attach to his back to the emergency stop sign.
3. The tractor must touch at the lowest gear, go slowly and smoothly to eliminate jerks when towing.
4. Switching transfers while towing a tractor driver must be very fast.
Rules towing a car
1. During the towing of cars with MCPP, permissible speed - Not more than 50 km / h.
2. During the towing of cars with automatic transmission, permissible speed is not more than 40 km / h.
3. Transportation of a car with a faulty brake system should be carried out only with a rigid hitch, and only if the towed car weighs less than half of the weight of the tractor.
4. If the design of the rigid hitch is a bar, then the driver must be sitting behind the wheel of the towed car, if this is a triangle, then the presence of the second driver is not necessary.
Done towing:
- cars that do not act steering (it is believed that the steering does not work if the driver cannot stop the car or make a maneuver when the movement occurs at the minimum speed); In this case, towing is allowed using partial loading;
- cars that do not work brake systemif the weight is the actual weight of the towed car more than 1/2 weight tractor;
- two or more vehicles, cars with trailers and motorcycles without a carriage;
- In the ice, on a flexible coupling.
How to choose a rigid coupling
Today, the choice of these devices is quite large. When choosing a rigid hitch you need:
- take into account the tone of your car;
- Decide on the design - simple or complicated; From the choice of design will depend, whether you can, in a difficult situation, use the help of passing drivers, or you will still have to cause a tow truck;
- correctly select the size of the rigid hitch, so that the device needs to be easily placed in the trunk; There are quite expensive, telescopic stiffened telescopic models, which, in folded condition, occupy a minimum of space. Some drivers design a rigid coupling with their own hands.
In conclusion, it should be noted that even if you also become a rigid coupling for an unforeseen case, always have a towing phone number at your hand: you never know what - the situation may not meet the requirements described above, and then without a tow truck will not do. Calm you on the road and a good way!
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