Despite the general progress in automobiles associated with the radical replacement of old "classic" cars with foreign cars or modern VAZs, a certain number of them continue to be operated by amateurs. However, the design of the former "Zhiguli" or "Muscovites" is mercilessly outdated, and the desire to modernize systems, for example, how to install a demon contact ignition BSZ is quite justified.

BSZ and its design

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The replacement procedure is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance. BSZ is a more perfect system in all respects than KSZ. It does not have a contact group, which on old systems has always presented a complexity and problem.

Consider the elements that make up the BSZ structure:

• Trembler - and how much without him. In any system, it acts as an ignition distributor. In the BSZ, a Hall sensor (HH), an automatic UOZ spotter and a movable slider are installed inside the distributor;
• Switch or EB. Unit equipped with RO (cooling radiator). In addition to its main purpose, RO also performs the function of fasteners;
• High voltage coil or reel;
• Spark plugs that integrate with the distributor by means of armored wires;
• The wiring that connects all elements to each other.

Note. In old KSZ, contacts are installed inside the distributor instead of a switch.

As for the connection diagram:

• The bobbin is connected to the generator through the ignition switch relay;
• The second output of the reel goes to the control unit;
• The bobbin is also integrated with the distributor through an armored wire;
• From the distributor, two bundles of wires go out to the switch and candles.

The whole BSZ functions as follows:

• As soon as the ignition switch is turned on, a 12 V pulse is applied to the reel;
• An electromagnetic field is generated inside the device;
• When the crank shaft rotates, any of the pistons rises to TDC, and the DX addresses an impulse to the switching unit;
• The switch opens the contact between the bobbin and the power supply;
• When the circuit is broken, a high voltage is generated in the reel, which is transmitted to the distributor;
• The distributor sends voltage to that candle, the cylinder piston of which goes to TDC;
• A powerful spark is formed, which ignites the fuel assembly (fuel).

Trambler, or rather its drive, is directly connected to the crank shaft. When the next engine piston rises to TDC, the distributor drive is activated, the impulse is transmitted to the other spark plug and the sparking cycle continues.

An interesting point. In the old KSZ, the circuit was opened mechanically... The cam located on the distributor drive was responsible for this.

Why BSZ is better

Obviously, BSZ has more advantages than older systems. The main argument in this regard is the fact that today no automaker produces cars equipped with KSZ. Back in 1980, foreign companies abandoned the problematic ignition system. However, in Russia, the KSZ continued to operate for another 10 extra years. Then they were completely abandoned, and the reasons are clearly understandable.

Consider the advantages of BSZ over KSZ:

• On old systems, the bearing quickly wore out, and the entire contact group was held on it. This caused difficulties in the operation of the internal combustion engine.
• The contacts themselves were not so hot. They also wore out quickly. As a rule, their resource was limited to 15-20 thousand kilometers. After that, they had to be replaced.
• The contacts also failed due to a spark slip. This caused burning, the contacts needed regular cleaning.
• The old system required the use of balancers, which were weights. However, their springs also wore out over time - stretched.

Worst of all is the persistent manifestation of the above faults. The driver of the old car had to deal with one or the other problem. The imperfection of the KSZ design affected the spark power, which decreased over time. This deteriorated engine thrust, increased fuel consumption.

Modern BSZ are fenced off from all the listed disadvantages. They stand out for their stable spark formation and are durable. Although still, there is one drawback - the switch of domestic BSZ. If it is not upgraded, it quickly fails.

Replacement

To install BSZ, no special equipment or tools are required. A pit is also not needed, all actions are easy to carry out even on the street.

The installation procedure looks like this:

• The terminal is disconnected from the battery;
• Armored wires are removed from the candles and distributor;
• The candles are unscrewed;
• The screwdriver is lowered into the spark plug socket of the 1st cylinder, the crank shaft is simultaneously scrolled (until the TDC is fixed);
• You can also determine the TDC by the mark on the crank, which will stand opposite the biggest risk of the BC.

Council. The crankshaft is rotated with a special ratchet wrench. If this was not found in the repairman's arsenal, you can turn the shaft by rotating the rear or front wheel of the machine (suspended).

• The main armored conduit of the distributor is removed, the cover is removed and the exposure of the slider is remembered (marked on the cover of the internal combustion engine);
• All tubes and wires are disconnected from the distributor;
• Then the distributor will be easy to remove from the place;
• The ignition coil is dismantled (you need to remember where the wiring from the RZZ (ignition) and tachometer was connected);
• Remove the bobbin and put away.

Attention. There is a gasket between the distributor and the seat in which its actuator is placed. In no case should it be lost, since it is responsible for the tightness of the installation.

• The gasket is rearranged from the old distributor to the new one;
• The cover is removed from the distributor, the slider is turned as required (in the direction of the mark);
• The spark plugs are screwed into place, the gap between the electrodes is set according to the instructions;
• The distributor cover is put on, the armored wires are connected according to the numbering of the cylinders (indicated on the cover itself);
• A new reel is being installed;
• Install a switch next to the reel.

Note. For example, you can dismantle the glass water tank, make holes in the car body, and screw the switching unit with bolts or other fasteners so that it does not fall below the washer tank.

It remains only to connect the wiring of the new system according to the diagram attached to the BSZ. As a rule, it is not difficult to understand it: the wires are connected to the reel, and the switch connector is connected to the distributor.

Car owners are always striving to improve and improve the performance of their vehicle. By installing various equipment, they make driving a car more convenient, reliable, and safe. The contactless ignition system will make the engine more efficient and economical. Even if the car was equipped at the factory with a contact system, then it is easy to re-equip and install BSZ.

Despite the fact that the cost of the new contactless kit is quite high, the expediency of such a re-equipment is noted by both drivers and auto repairmen.

Advantages and disadvantages of BSZ

Contactless ignition is installed on most new cars and some foreign cars over 15 years old. Even if the car does not have an electronic ignition system, installation and adjustment are not difficult even for novice craftsmen.

In the usual ignition option, the contact pair often fails, which gives the owner vehicle a lot of inconvenience. In electronic systems, such a disadvantage is excluded, due to which the device is more reliable and stable in operation.

Contactless ignition does its job well even in wet and cold weather, which is an undoubted advantage compared to contact ignition.

A more modern design is compatible with all makes and models of cars, so conversions can be performed on all cars.

Among the advantages of the electronic system, experts point out three main parameters.

1. More efficient use of candles. Since electricity is supplied to the primary winding through the commutator, a significantly higher voltage can be obtained on the secondary winding of the coil. The powerful spark ensures a stable ignition of the mixture, even in engines with high compression. Since the contacts are absent, they do not burn, so that during the operation of the BSZ there is no reduction in the spark power.
2. Economy. Thanks to the electromagnetic impulse creator, who came to replace the contact group, the impulses are more stable and best performance... An engine equipped with an electronic ignition system has higher power ratings, while fuel consumption can be reduced by an average of 1 liter per 100 km. Also, the impulse creator guarantees stable operation at different engine speeds.
3. Rarer service. Unlike the KSZ, which is recommended to be serviced every 5-7 thousand km, electronic equipment is less prone to breakdowns and does not need frequent adjustments. On average, a contactless system needs to be serviced every 10-12 thousand km. Most often, routine maintenance involves lubricating the distributor. Sometimes it may be necessary to replace individual parts, but their malfunctions are quite rare.

Also, motorists note other advantages that, in their opinion, play an important role when choosing an ignition system. Contactless electronic ignition consumes a minimum amount of electricity when turned on, which significantly saves battery power. The system requires a much smaller amount of current, due to which the car will start even with a completely discharged battery "from the pusher".

Among the disadvantages of ignition are low-quality switches. Very often there are cases when a domestic-made switch broke down just a few thousand kilometers after installation, so you should not save on all the details of the system.

High-quality components are the key to reliable and durable work of BSZ.

Another part that most often fails is the idle relay. The part cannot be repaired, so it has to be replaced if it breaks down. Since in the contactless systems installed at the factory, not entirely high-quality parts are most often used, many auto repairmen recommend immediately replacing some parts of the ignition:

• hall Sensor;
• switch;
• coil (read also,);
• slider;
• distributor cover.

In some cases, it is advisable to install ignition units for electronic systems.

What does BSZ consist of?

Non-contact ignition includes a small number of parts, which reduces the likelihood of failure of each of them. The system consists of:

1. Power supply. In all cars, this is the battery.
2. Ignition and starter switch. The part is necessary for the correct distribution of the operating time of the device.
3. Ignition coil. Converts low-voltage current from the battery into high-voltage, which ensures the stable operation of the car.
4. Transistor switch. Responsible for interrupting admission electric current to the reel.
5. Ignition sensor. Records changes in the magnetic field.
6. Distribution sensor. The sensor is combined with a pulse one, which is of several types. The impulse sensor is most often represented by a Hall sensor, but there are also two more types - inductive and optical.
7. Candles.

What is needed to install a contactless system?

Installation of ignition requires minimal preparation, thanks to which anyone can make installation. For installation works you will need:

• keys numbered 8, 10 and 13;
• phillips screwdriver;
• drill with a set of nozzles;
• self-tapping screws of various lengths.

These tools will be needed during the installation process, but it is also worth having other wrenches on hand, as well as pliers, a screwdriver with a set of bits.

BSZ installation process

First of all, you must remove the terminal from the battery to prevent the system from closing. Contactless ignition on the VAZ-2106 involves installation in several stages. It doesn't matter which part of the system to start replacing. You can start by reinstalling by reinstalling the distributor:

1. The first step is to dismantle the high-voltage wires.
2. Rotating the crankshaft, you need to put the slider in a perpendicular position with respect to the motor axis. Masters recommend putting a mark on the location of the distributor (middle mark). This procedure will facilitate the subsequent installation and adjustment of the BSZ operation.
3. Dismantle the distributor fasteners and remove the part.
4. Install a new spare part, and put the slider in position in accordance with the previously put marks.
5. Next, the distributor cover is put on and the wires are installed.

Then you can start replacing the coil. The manipulation is quite simple, but it is necessary to adhere to the correct arrangement of the contacts. When placing the contacts on the other side, turn the part over. The last thing to do is to reinstall the switch. The part is mounted using self-tapping screws. A prerequisite is the leaning of the radiator against the car body. After the entire system is assembled, it is necessary to carefully check all electrical connections and the conformity of the arrangement of parts according to the diagram.

It is better to adjust the work with the help of special equipment - a stroboscope. In the absence of special equipment, you can adjust the sound. Since the work of not only the ignition is determined by ear, it is necessary that all systems work harmoniously and properly. The setting is as follows:

1. Warming up the engine.
2. Unscrewing the nut, which is responsible for fixing the distributor.
3. With the engine running, it is necessary to carefully rotate the distributor until the engine speed becomes the most maximum and even.
4. Tightening the fasteners.
5. At the third speed, the car must be accelerated to 50 km / h. When switching to fourth speed, you will need to sharply press the gas pedal. Normally, a sound similar to detonation occurs. The sound should be maintained for some time, until the car accelerates another 3 - 5 km. In the case when the sound does not stop, it is necessary to re-adjust and during it turn the part one degree clockwise. If the sound does not appear, and when the pedal is pressed, there is a drop in revolutions, then during the correction the spare part is turned counterclockwise.

Since setting up a BSZ is a rather difficult task that requires special skills and abilities, it is more advisable to contact an auto center. The workshop technicians will carry out the adjustment using professional equipment, due to which the adjustment will be accurate and will extend the life of the system. If you are not confident in your strengths during the installation of a contactless system, then it is also better to contact a certified center.

Most often, a discount is provided for complex works. If the installation electronic ignition on the VAZ-2106 was performed at the service station, it is better to ask for a guarantee for the work performed.

If you refuse to issue a warranty, it is better to contact another car service.

Like a contact ignition system, a contactless ignition system has characteristic malfunctions. The most common of these is Hall sensor failure. A remarkable feature is that the ignition system cannot work without it. If the sensor is out of order, then it must be replaced as soon as possible to restore the vehicle's performance. Also common faults are:

1. Failure of candles, breakage of the coil.
2. Violation in the electrical circuit. The reasons can be very different (breaks, oxidation or loose contacts).

If an electronic control unit was installed in the system, for example, "Octane" or "Pulsar", then its malfunction and failure of the input sensors can also be attributed to common breakdowns. It is not worth saving on control units, since low-quality parts can cause premature failure of the entire system. Most often, malfunctions occur due to untimely maintenance of the BSZ. The idle speed control can also fail due to malfunctioning of other systems in the vehicle.

Among the reasons that contribute to the appearance of malfunctions, they note:

1. Untimely inspection of all car systems. Improper engine and spark plug operation can cause the ignition system to prematurely fail. In the case of BSZ, the cost of repairs will be quite high.
2. Use of low-quality fuel. Gasoline or gas with foreign impurities leads to the fact that ignition does not occur or is obtained with a delay. An inattentive attitude to the quality of fuel will cause the failure of all spare parts that come into contact with it and the air-fuel mixture.
3. The use of uncertified or poor quality parts in the system. In addition to the fact that such parts fail very quickly, they can cause serious breakdowns the entire BSZ and devices in contact with it.
4. Mechanical damage. If the ignition system is mechanical impact in the form of blows, strong vibration, then it wears out much faster and may need a complete replacement.
5. Features of the weather. Devices operating in extreme conditions have a lower service life. High humidity will lead to faster oxidation of contacts, therefore scheduled maintenance will need to be carried out more often.

Any malfunction will greatly affect the performance of the machine, so it must be eliminated as soon as possible. To do this, you can use the services of professionals or try to do it yourself. First of all, you need to check the condition of the candles. On average, candles are replaced in BSZ every 18 - 20 thousand kilometers, regardless of their condition. If the replacement falls on winter period, and the candles are visually in working order, then they can be put aside and used in the spring-autumn period.

Worn spark plugs with a light gray-brown insulator indicate that the parts are compatible with this type of engine, and the engine is working properly and stably. Black carbon deposits indicate that the candles are not suitable for this engine or the fuel mixture is re-enriched with fuel. Burnout of the electrodes indicates a problem in the operation of the internal combustion engine.

Incorrect operation may be caused by low-quality fuel, incorrect proportions of the working mixture, incorrect installation of the ignition system.

If the engine does not start, then it is possible following reasons breakdowns:

1. Electric current does not flow to the interrupt contacts due to the fact that they are dirty, oxidized or burnt.
2. Deformations appeared on the contacts.
3. Broken wires or short to ground.
4. Failure of the ignition switch due to which the circuit contacts do not close.
5. Failure of the capacitor due to a short circuit.
6. Open circuit in the ignition coil. The defect manifests itself mainly in the violation of the integrity of the primary winding. In some cases damage to the secondary winding may be the cause.
7. Leakage of electric current in the distributor rotor. This process is possible if moisture gets inside or carbon deposits form on the inside of the lid.
8. Candles are not powered. In addition to damage to the integrity of the wires, the cause of such a malfunction may be improper seating of the candles in the sockets, their oily or oxidation of the tips.

All these reasons are solved by rebuilding the ignition system and reinstalling some parts. Sometimes it may be necessary to adjust the operation of the engine, which is best done in a specialized car service.

Another symptom of a malfunction may be the unstable operation of the engine or the stoppage of its operation at idle. The reason for such a malfunction most often becomes:

• premature ignition in the cylinders, which does not allow the engine to fully operate;
• increased distance between the electrodes of the candles;
• loosening of the weight spring in the regulator, which is responsible for controlling the ignition timing.

Basically, the reasons for these breakdowns lie in incorrect adjustment. Re-adjusting or correcting the position will allow short term forget about the problem. It is convenient to carry out all the manipulations on your own, but it is necessary to prepare a rag in advance, since most often in the process of work, hands are very dirty.

If the engine malfunctions at different speeds, then the causes of such a malfunction on the part of the contactless ignition system can be:

• damage to wires, loosening of their fasteners, oxidation processes on the tips;
• breaker contacts damage: combustion, oxidation, contamination, shifts;
• violation of the capacitor;
• weakening of the coal spring, its breakage or wear;
• burning of contacts in the rotor;
• problems with candles.

If the option with candles is excluded, then it is better to contact the auto center for a comprehensive diagnosis of the entire car and identify the reasons unstable work ICE.

Another characteristic malfunction that appears due to improper operation of the ignition is the inability to reach full speed. In this case, the reasons may be:

• incorrect installation of the ignition moment;
• excessive wear of the bushing in the breaker;
• sticking of weights or loosening of their springs in the ignition timing regulator.

If you are not sure that the repair will be carried out efficiently, then you should contact the centers that specialize in these devices. Experienced craftsmen will not only restore the car's performance, but can also give some tips that will significantly improve the quality of travel, as well as extend the life of the parts.

The electronic sparking system appeared only on the latest modifications of the rear-wheel drive "classic" VAZ 2106. Until the mid-90s specified cars equipped with an ignition with a mechanical interrupter, which is very unreliable in operation. The problem is solved relatively easily - the owners of outdated "sixes" can purchase a set contactless ignition and install it on the machine yourself, without contacting electricians.

Electronic ignition device VAZ 2106

The non-contact system (abbreviated as BSZ) "Zhiguli" includes six devices and parts:

• main distributor of ignition impulses - distributor;
• a coil that generates a high voltage for a spark;
• switch;
• connecting loop of wires with connectors;
• cables high voltage with reinforced insulation;
• spark plug.

From contact diagram BSZ inherited only high-voltage cables and candles. Despite the external resemblance to the old parts, the coil and distributor are structurally different. New elements of the system - control switch and wiring harness.

The coil operating as part of the contactless circuit differs in the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings. Simply put, it is more powerful than the old version, since it is designed to create pulses of 22-24 thousand volts. The predecessor gave a maximum of 18 kV to the spark plug electrodes.

Trying to save money on the installation of electronic ignition, one of my friends replaced the distributor, but connected the switch to the old coil of the "six". The experiment ended in failure - the windings were burned out. As a result, I still had to buy a new type of reel.

A ribbon cable with connectors is used to securely connect the terminals of the ignition distributor and the switch. The device of these two elements should be considered separately.

Contactless distributor

The following parts are located inside the valve body:

• shaft with platform and slider at the end;
• a support plate pivoting on a bearing;
• hall magnetic sensor;
• a metal screen with gaps is fixed on the shaft, rotating inside the sensor gap.

Outside on the side wall there is a vacuum ignition timing unit connected to the support platform by means of a thrust. A cover is fixed on top of the latches, where the cables from the candles are connected.

The main difference between this distributor is the absence of a mechanical contact group. The role of the breaker here is played by an electromagnetic Hall sensor, which reacts to the passage of a metal screen through the gap.

When the plate covers the magnetic field between two elements, the device is inactive, but as soon as a gap opens in the gap, the sensor generates d.C.... How the distributor works as part of an electronic ignition, read below.

Control switch

The element is a control board protected by a plastic cover and attached to aluminum radiator cooling. In the latter, 2 holes are made for mounting the part to the car body. On the VAZ 2106, the switch is located inside the engine compartment on the right spar (in the direction of the car), next to expansion tank coolant.

The main functional parts of the electronic circuit are the power transistor and the controller. The first one solves 2 problems: it amplifies the signal coming from the distributor and controls the operation of the primary winding of the coil. The microcircuit performs the following functions:

• gives commands to the transistor to break the coil circuit;
• creates a reference voltage in the electromagnetic sensor circuit;
• counts engine speed;
• protects the circuit from high-voltage impulses (over 24 V);
• adjusts the ignition timing.

The switch is not afraid of polarity reversal if the car enthusiast mistakenly confuses the positive wire with ground. There is a diode in the circuit that closes the line in such cases. The controller will not burn out, but simply stop functioning - a spark will not appear on the candles.

Scheme and principle of operation of BSZ

All elements of the system are connected to each other and to the engine as follows:

• the distributor shaft rotates from the motor drive gear;
• hall sensor installed inside the distributor is connected to the commutator;
• the coil is connected with a low voltage line to the controller, high - with the central electrode of the distributor cover;
• the high voltage wires from the spark plugs are connected to the side contacts of the main distributor cover.

Threaded clamp "K" on the coil is connected to the positive contact of the ignition switch relay and terminal "4" of the commutator. The second clamp marked "K" is connected to the contact "1" of the controller, here comes the tachometer wire. Terminals "3", "5" and "6" of the commutator are used to connect the Hall sensor.

The algorithm of work of BSZ on the "six" looks like this:

1. After turning the key in the lock voltage is applied to electromagnetic sensor and the first winding of the transformer. A magnetic field is generated around the steel core.
2. The starter motor turns the engine crankshaft and the distributor drive. When a screen cut passes between the sensor elements, a pulse is generated that is sent to the commutator. At this moment, one of the pistons is close to the top point.
3. The controller opens the primary coil circuit by means of a transistor. Then, in the secondary, a short-term pulse of up to 24 thousand volts is formed, going along the cable to the central electrode of the distributor cover.
4. Having passed through the movable contact - the slider, directed towards the desired terminal, the current flows to the side electrode, and from there - through the cable to the candle. A flash is generated in the combustion chamber, the fuel mixture ignites and pushes the piston down. The engine starts.
5. When the next piston reaches TDC, the cycle repeats, only the spark is transferred to the other candle.

For optimal fuel combustion during engine operation, the flash in the cylinder should occur a fraction of a second before the piston is in the maximum upper position. For this, the BSZ provides for sparking advance by a certain angle. Its value depends on the speed of the crankshaft and the load on the power unit.

The switch and the vacuum block of the distributor are engaged in the adjustment of the lead angle. The first reads the number of pulses from the sensor, the second acts mechanically from the vacuum supplied from the carburetor side.

Video: differences between BSZ and a mechanical breaker

Proximity system malfunctions

In terms of the reliability of the BSZ operation, it significantly surpasses the outdated contact ignition of the "six", problems arise much less frequently and are easier to diagnose. System malfunction symptoms:

• complete failure - the engine stalls and will no longer start;
• uneven idling, shots into the carburetor at hard pressing gas pedals;
• interruptions and skipping cycles while driving.

The most common first symptom is engine failure, accompanied by the absence of a spark. Common causes of the problem:

The high-voltage coil is extremely rare. Symptoms are similar - complete absence of a spark and a "dead" motor.

The search for the "culprit" is carried out by sequential measurements at different points. Turn on the ignition and use a voltmeter to check the voltage at the Hall sensor, transformer contacts and switch terminals. The current must be supplied to the primary winding and 2 extreme contacts of the electromagnetic sensor.

To test the controller, a familiar auto electrician suggests using one of its functions. After turning on the ignition, the switch supplies current to the coil, but if the starter does not rotate, the voltage disappears. At this moment, you need to take a measurement using a device or a control lamp.

Hall sensor malfunction is diagnosed as follows:

When the engine runs intermittently, it is necessary to check the integrity of the wiring, contamination of the switch terminals or high-voltage wires for insulation breakdown. Sometimes there is a delay in the switch signal, causing dips and deterioration of the acceleration dynamics. It is quite difficult for an ordinary owner of a VAZ 2106 to find such a malfunction; it is better to contact an electrician.

Modern controllers used for contactless ignition of the "six" burn out quite rarely. But if the Hall sensor test gave a negative result, then try to replace the switch by elimination. Fortunately, the price new part does not exceed 400 rubles.

Video: how to check the health of the switch

Installation of BSZ on VAZ 2106

When choosing a contactless ignition kit, pay attention to the engine size of your "six". The distributor shaft for a 1.3 liter engine should be 7 mm shorter than for more powerful 1.5 and 1.6 liter power units.

To install BSZ on a VAZ 2106 car, you should prepare the following set of tools:

• open-end or cap wrenches with dimensions of 7-13 mm;
• flat and Phillips screwdrivers;
• pliers;
• drill with a drill 4 mm (for fastening electronic unit in the spar you will have to make 2 holes for the screws).

I highly recommend purchasing a 38mm long handle spanner for unscrewing the ratchet. It is inexpensive, within 150 rubles, it will come in handy in many situations. Using this key, it is easy to turn the crankshaft and set the pulley marks to adjust the ignition and timing.

The first step is to dismantle the old system - the main valve and the coil:

1. Pull the high-voltage wires out of the distributor cover sockets and disconnect it from the case by unlocking the latches.
2. Turning the crankshaft, set the slider at an angle of approximately 90 ° to the engine and place opposite the mark on the valve cover. Unscrew the 13 mm nut securing the distributor to the block.
3. Unscrew the clamps of the old coil and disconnect the wires. It is desirable to remember or sketch the pinout.
4. Loosen and unscrew the clamp fastening nuts, remove the coil and the distributor from the car.

When removing the ignition distributor, keep the washer-shaped gasket installed between the part pad and the cylinder block. It can be useful for a contactless distributor.

Before installing BSZ, it is worth checking the condition of high voltage cables and candles. If you doubt the performance of these parts, it is better to change them immediately. Serviceable candles must be cleaned and set a gap of 0.8-0.9 mm.

Install the contactless kit according to the instructions:

1. Remove the BSZ distributor cover, if necessary, move the sealing washer from the old spare part. Turn the slider to the desired position and insert the distributor shaft into the socket, lightly press the platform with a nut.
2. Put on the cover, locking the latches. Connect the spark plug cables according to the numbering (the numbers are indicated on the cover).
3. Screw the coil of the contactless system to the body of the VAZ 2106. To make the terminals "B" and "K" stand in their original position, first unfold the body of the product inside the fastening clamp.
4. Put on the contacts the wires from the ignition switch and the tachometer according to the diagram above.
5. Install the controller next to the side member by drilling 2 holes. For convenience, remove the expansion tank.
6. Connect the wire harness to the distributor, switch and transformer. The blue core is connected to the "B" terminal of the coil, the brown one - to the "K" contact. Place the high voltage cable between the distributor cover and the center electrode of the transformer.

If during the installation process there were no annoying mistakes, the car will start immediately. The ignition can be adjusted "by ear" by loosening the distributor nut and slowly turning the body at idle speed of the engine. Get the most stable motor running and tighten the nut. Installation is over.

Video: instructions for installing contactless equipment

Setting the ignition timing

If you forgot to put a risk on the valve cover before disassembling or did not align the marks, the sparking moment will have to be adjusted again:

1. Unscrew the spark plug of the first cylinder and discard the main distributor cap.
2. Insert a long screwdriver into the spark plug well and turn the crankshaft by the ratchet with a wrench clockwise (when viewed from the front of the machine). The goal is to find the TDC of the piston that will push the screwdriver out of the well as much as possible.
3. Loosen the nut holding the distributor to the block. Rotate the housing until one of the screen slots is in the gap of the Hall sensor. In this case, the movable contact of the slider must clearly align with the side contact "1" on the distributor cover.
4. Tighten the distributor mounting nut, install the cover and spark plug, then start the engine. When it warms up to 50-60 degrees, adjust the ignition "by ear" or by a stroboscope.

Attention! When the piston 1 of the cylinder is in the upper position, the notch of the crankshaft pulley should coincide with the first long line on the timing case cover. Initially, you need to provide a lead angle of 5 °, so set the pulley mark opposite the second risk.

In the same way, tuning is performed by a light bulb connected to the ground of the car and the low-voltage winding of the coil. The ignition timing is determined by the flash of the lamp when the Hall sensor is triggered and the switch transistor opens the circuit.

Accidentally finding yourself in the wholesale market auto parts, I purchased an inexpensive strobe. This device greatly simplifies the ignition setting, showing the position of the notch of the pulley when the engine is running. The stroboscope is connected to the distributor and gives flashes simultaneously with the formation of a spark in the cylinders. By aiming the lamp at the pulley, you see the position of the mark and its change with increasing revolutions.

Video: adjusting the ignition "by ear"

Electronic spark plugs

When bSZ installation it is advisable to select and install candles on a VAZ 2106 model car that are optimally suitable for electronic ignition. Along with Russian spare parts, the use of imported analogues from well-known brands is allowed:

• original candles recommended by the manufacturer - А17ДВР (М);
• NGK - BCPR6ES-9, BPR6ES-9;
• Bosch - FR7DCU, WR7DC;
• Brisk DR15YC, LR15YC;
• Beru - 14FR-7DU, 14R-7DU.

The letter M in the marking of the domestic part indicates the depletion of the electrodes. On sale there are A17DVR kits without copper coating, which are quite suitable for BSZ.

The gap between the working electrodes of the candle is set within 0.8-0.9 mm using a flat dipstick. Exceeding or decreasing the recommended clearance leads to a decrease in engine power and an increase in gasoline consumption.

The installation of a non-contact sparking system significantly improves the operational characteristics of carburetor Zhiguli equipped with rear wheel drive... Unreliable, eternally burning contacts caused a lot of trouble for the owners of the sixes. At the most inopportune moments, the breaker had to be cleaned, getting your hands dirty. The first electronic ignition appeared on front-wheel drive models of the "eighth" family, and then migrated to the VAZ 2101-2107.

Mechanical faculty. Department of Agricultural Engineering

LABORATORY WORK No. 7 on the subject "Tractors and cars"

Lab - Non-contact transistor ignition system

Questions

1. BTSZ with a magnetoelectric induction sensor.

2. BTSZ with Hall sensor.

3. Benefits of BTSZ

4. Electrical diagram BTSZ with magnetoelectric sensor

Non-contact transistor ignition system

The disadvantages associated with the presence of breaker contacts have been completely eliminated by using systems with contactless ignition timing and mechanical timing controllers. The signals that control the ignition timing are generated by proximity sensors that are installed in the distributor instead of the movable plate, breaker and cam.

There are mainly two types of generator sensors:

- magnetoelectric inductive sensor , which is installed on cars such as GAS, ZIL, Liaz, UAZ... The principle of operation of such a sensor is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. It consists of a fixed coil with a certain number of turns and permanent magnetwhich rotates from the engine crankshaft;

- hall Sensor , the principle of which consists in the emergence of an EMF in a semiconductor wafer with a current that is in a magnetic field. The magnetic system, as a rule, is mounted in the sensor, and the magnetic flux switching is carried out by a special shutter made of magnetoelectric steel, mechanically connected to crankshaft... Such sensors are installed on cars VAZ-2108, -2109 ,-1111 , "Oka", ZAS-1102 "Tavria" etc..

The switching of the current in the primary winding of the induction coil in the BTSZ is carried out by a transistor. In this case, the time during which energy is accumulated in the magnetic field may depend on the engine crankshaft speed (the angle of rotation of the engine crankshaft at which there is a current in the primary winding of the ignition coil is constant and does not depend on its rotation frequency) or not depend from it (the time of energy accumulation is normalized).

On fig. one depicts the principal contactless circuit transistor system ignition with a magnetoelectric inductive sensor, which is a single-phase alternating current generator with a permanent magnet rotor, the number of pole pairs of which corresponds to the number of engine cylinders. This BTSZ also includes a high-voltage sensor-distributor 2 (sensor and distributor are structurally combined into one unit - distributor sensor), ignition coil 4 , transistor switch 3, spark plug 1 and other elements.

BTSZ distributor sensors (fig. 2) are made on the basis of traditional valves, in which the breaker contacts are replaced contactless sensor... Therefore, it is advisable to consider only the features of their design.

In the case 3 on bearing 15 stator installed 13 magnetoelectric pulse sensor. The rotor is pressed onto a brass bushing 12 , which by its horseshoe-like plate is connected to the centrifugal regulator 16 ignition timing. The stator has windings 23 and two steel plates - 22 and 24 ... One end of the winding is connected to the terminal 5 distributor sensor.

The rotor consists of an annular permanent magnet 26 and two beak-like steel tips 25 and 27 placed at both ends of the permanent magnet. One tip has a north pole, the other has a south pole. The tines of the north pole tip enter the troughs between the tines of the south pole.

For correct installation pole pieces 25 and 27 on the sleeve 12 there is a spike in each tip, and on the sleeve 12 - groove.

Figure: one - Schematic diagram contactless transistor ignition system with induction sensor:

1 - spark plugs; 2 - distributor sensor; 3 - switch; 4 - ignition coil

For installation of ignition on stator and rotor applied marks 20 , which are combined when the piston of the first cylinder of the engine is at TDC at the end of the compression stroke.

The distributor sensors for 6- and 8-cylinder engines differ only in the number of stator and rotor pole pairs and the corresponding number of high-voltage terminals on the cover.

In the distributor sensor of GAZ, UAZ and other cars, the centrifugal regulator is installed on a bronze bushing above the stator and the sensor rotor, which reduces the operation of the bearings and facilitates the adjustment of the centrifugal ignition timing controller.

During the rotation of the sensor rotor, the voltage that it develops is fed to the input of the transistor switch, which switches the current in the primary winding of the ignition coil, provides energy storage in it and the occurrence of high voltage in the secondary winding at the moment of sparking, according to the ignition timing.

Figure: 2 - the sensor distributor of the ignition system with a magnetoelectric sensor:

1 - distributor coupling; 2 - base plate; 3- distributor housing; 4 - oiler; 5 - conclusion; 6 - vacuum regulator; 7 - distributor cover; 8 - central carbon electrode with a spring; 9 - outer contact of the rotor; 10 - the central contact of the rotor; 11 - rotor; 12, 19 - bushings; 13 - stator of the magnetoelectric sensor; 14 - adjusting washers; 15, 17 - bearings; 16 - centrifugal ignition timing regulator; 18 - distributor roller; 20 - tags; 21 - sensor rotor; 22, 24 - plates; 23 - winding; 25, 27 - pole pieces; 26 - ring permanent magnet

In the event of a malfunction of the magnetoelectric sensor or transistor switch, apply backup ignition system , which includes emergency vibrator RS331 (51.3747), induction coil and high voltage distributor ... During operation, the vibrator at a certain frequency continuously opens the power supply circuit of the primary winding of the induction coil, which in this case operates in a continuous sparking mode.

Vibrator is an electromagnetic interrupter with contacts blocked by capacitors C7 and C8 (cm. fig. 6). Current from battery through the switch S1, additional resistor CE326, connection VK-12 and terminal VC passes through the primary of the induction coil and the connection KZ, the winding of the vibrator electromagnet and further to the body and the "-" terminal of the battery. The core of the electromagnet is magnetized, the anchor of the relay is attracted to the core, thus opening the contacts and the power supply circle. The magnetization of the core disappears, and the armature returns to its original position by a return spring, closing the contacts.

During the opening of the vibrator contacts, the current in the primary winding of the induction coil simultaneously disappears. During the decay of the magnetic flux, a high voltage current is generated in the secondary winding, which causes sparking in the spark plug. Then the process is repeated. The vibration frequency of the contacts is 250-400 Hz.

To turn on the backup ignition system, disconnect the wire from the terminal KZtransistor switch, connect it to the output of the vibrator and turn on the starter when the ignition is turned on. If the engine does not start, the ignition switch is turned off, otherwise the high voltage current pulses will burn through the cover of the distributor sensor.

So, the backup ignition system has a short-term effect, its resource is no more than 30 hours, and it is used only to get to the place maintenance... In addition, during the operation of the backup system, the centrifugal and vacuum regulators do not work, which means that the engine operates with an unregulated ignition torque, which leads to uneven engine operation and excessive fuel consumption.

In the case of using BTSZ with hall sensor the energy storage time in the ignition coil remains constant regardless of the engine speed. The spark energy is 3-4 times higher here than in the KSZ. The switch of such a system is quite complex (it includes a microcircuit, a power transistor, several resistors, zener diodes and capacitors) and needs care during operation. In particular, disconnecting the wire from the spark plug can lead to breakdown of the switch or distributor.

Magnetoelectric Hall sensors began to be used quite widely in the early 70s of the twentieth century. They are characterized by a fairly high reliability, durability and small dimensions. The disadvantages of such sensors are constant energy consumption and relatively high cost.

Hall sensor principle lies in the fact that when a magnetic field is applied to a semiconductor through which a current flows, then a transverse potential difference (Hall EMF) arises in it. Such an EMF can have a voltage only 3 V less than the supply voltage.

Consider a 5x5 mm semiconductor wafer ( fig. 3, a). If a current is passed through the plate between two parallel sides and at the same time a permanent magnet is brought to it, and wires are connected to the other two sides of the square, then we get a Hall generator (see. fig. 3, b). If a movable screen with slots is placed between the magnet and the semiconductor, then we will have a Hall pulse generator (see. fig. 3, in).

Such systems are installed on cars VAZ-2108, VAZ-2109, ZAS-1102 "Tavria" and others. They are made according to the block-modular principle.

In fig. 4 shows a diagram of a contactless ignition system, which is installed on the Memz-245 engine of ZAS-1102 "Tavria" cars. It consists of an ignition coil 6 type 53.9705 , switch 5 type 36620.3704 , sensor-distributor 4 type 53.013706 , spark plugs 3 type A17DV-10 or A17DVR and power supply 7 which turns on switch 1 .

The distributor sensor includes a Hall sensor made in the form of a functionally complete unit with a sensitive element, a permanent magnet, an amplifier and a commutator. A centrifugal and vacuum ignition timing controllers, an octane corrector and a high voltage current distributor are also mounted here.

Figure: 3- The principle of operation of the Hall pulse generator: a - there is no magnetic field and the supply current passes through the semiconductor in the direction AB; b - under the influence of the magnetic field H, the Hall EMF appears - EF; в - Hall sensor

Hall sensor via dedicated connector 2 low voltage wires are connected to the switch, which, in turn, is connected to the current source and the ignition coil.

With the switch closed 1 and the rotation of the roller of the distributor sensor at the output of the Hall sensor, voltage pulses arise, which from pin 2 of the connector go to the contact 6 switch and control its operation, supplying and interrupting current in the primary circle of the ignition coil.

Figure: 4 - Diagram of the contactless ignition system car engine Mems-245:

1 - ignition switch; 2 - connector; 3 - spark plugs; 4 - distributor; 5 - switch; 6 - ignition coil; 7 - power supply

In contrast to the previously considered ignition systems, the control voltage pulses are here formed in the sensor, which, in addition to the Hall galvanomagnetic element, has an amplifier and a comparator and is made in the form of a functionally and structurally complete unit. It generates a fully formed signal, the parameters of which do not depend on the speed, conditions and duration of operation, provides stable sparking characteristics

This ignition system is a high energy system. It uses an ignition coil with a reduced inductance and active resistance of the primary winding of 0.45 ± 0.05 Ohm, which makes it possible to increase the breaking current to 8-9 A, to increase the level of storage energy and the rate of growth of the high voltage pulse to 700 V / μs.

Nevertheless, for these reasons, additional functions are assigned to the switch, including: limiting the current in the primary coil of the coil at a low engine speed; disconnecting the coil when the engine is off; regulation of the time of energy accumulation in the coil depending on the operating mode of the engine, which significantly reduces the reliability of the commutator operation.

In fig. 5 shows the design of a 4-spark distributor 40.3706, which has vacuum and centrifugal ignition timing controllers, the principle of operation of which and the design are similar to the previously discussed BTSZ distributor with a magnetoelectric pulse sensor.

Figure: 5 - Distributor sensor 40.3706 for VAZ-2108, VAZ-2109 ignition systems with a Hall sensor:

1 - clutch; 2 - roller; 3 - oil protection ring; 4 - oil seal; 5 - distributor body; 6 - bushing; 7 - bearing; 8 - immovable plate; 9 - insulating gasket; 10 - cover; 11 - rotor; 12 - screw; 13 - Hall sensor; 14 - screen; 15 - shield fastening sleeve; 16 - centrifugal machine; 17 - plug connection; 18 - vacuum machine

Sensor 13 - contactless electronic, which uses the Hall effect. It consists of a permanent magnet, a semiconductor wafer, and an integrated circuit. There is a gap between the semiconductor wafer and the magnet through which the steel screen passes 14 with four slots (according to the number of cylinders). When there is a screen cut in the gap, the magnetic field acts on the semiconductor wafer and a potential difference arises on it, which is converted in the microcircuit to the signal at the sensor output. During the passage through the gap of the steel screen, the magnetic field is closed through it and does not act on the semiconductor wafer.

The steel screen is connected to the roller of the distributor sensor, and during its rotation, a pulsed action of the magnetic field occurs on the semiconductor wafer, and negative voltage pulses of a certain magnitude are formed at the sensor output. When the screen is in the sensor gap, the output voltage Umax less stress power supply by about 3 V. If a cut enters the gap, then Umin< 0,4 В. Отношение периода Т к продолжительности импульса Ti равняется 3. Напряжение питания датчика 8-14 В подается по проводам от коммутатора через клеммы штекерного соединение 17. На эту самую колодку выводит сигнал из выхода датчика и идет дальше на вход коммутатора.

Centrifugal ignition timing adjuster 16 mounted on a roller 2 ... A screen is riveted to the bushing of the driven plate of the centrifugal machine 14 ... Thus, the driven plate is integral with the screen and they can rotate on the roller within certain limits.

The use of BTSZ has important advantages , namely:

The breaker contacts do not burn (as in KSZ) and do not get dirty (as in KTSZ);

There is no need to restore the ignition moment for a long time, to control and adjust the angle of the locked (open) state of the contacts, as a result, the engine does not lose power for these reasons;

The uniformity of the distribution of spark impulses over the cylinders is not disturbed, since due to the absence of contacts there is no beating and vibration of them, and, accordingly, of the distributor rotor;

The increased discharge energy on the spark plug in the BTSZ reliably ensures the ignition of the working mixture for different operating modes of the engine, which is especially effective during acceleration of the car, when the lean mixture is not fully compensated even by the accelerating pump.

Efficient ignition reduces CO content in exhaust gases by approximately 20% and fuel consumption by 5%; provides a reliable start of a cold engine when low temperatures and in the event of a drop in the supply voltage even to 6 V.

Non-contact transistor ignition systems can be installed on cars with a classic ignition system (KSZ). In this case, instead of a distributor-breaker and an ignition coil, three new devices are installed: a distributor sensor, another induction coil and a switch.

Electrical diagram of a contactless ignition system with a magnetoelectric sensor depicted on fig. 6.

This system works like this ... When the ignition is on and the sensor rotor is stationary, electrical impulses in its winding are not excited. In this case, the transistor VT1 is closed, its base and emitter have the same potential. In this case, the potential of the base of the transistor VT2 slightly higher than the emitter, and the control current passes through the base-emitter junction in a circle: battery, switch S1, additional resistor CE326, connection VK12, diode VD7, resistor R6, diode VD3 VT2, resistors R3, R9 and is directed to the body, ie, to the "negative" terminal of the storage battery.

Then the transistor VT2 opens and through its collector-emitter junction passes the control current of the transistor VT3, which leads to the opening of the transistor VT3, the emergence of the control current and the opening of the original transistor VT4... Through open transistor VT4 current flows into the primary winding of the induction coil, creating a magnetic flux. In this case, the current flows in a circle: the "+" terminal of the battery, the switch S1, resistor CE326, connection VK12, primary winding of induction coil, diode VD8, the junction of the collector-emitter of the transistor VT4, case, terminal "-" of the storage battery. So, the circuit is ready to generate high voltage pulses.

Figure: 6 - Scheme of contactless transistor ignition system GB

In the case of rotation of the engine crankshaft by the starter, and as a result of the sensor rotor, pulses are excited in the winding alternating current sinusoidal, which through the diode VD1 and resistor R1, junction base-emitter of the transistor VT1 and the housing enters the second end of the sensor coil. When the maximum value of the positive half-wave of the sinusoidal current is reached, the transistor VT1 opens and shunts the base-emitter junction of the transistor VT2connecting its base through a diode VD3with terminal "-" of the battery. Transistor VT2 closes, as a result, the transistors also close VT3 and VT4, passing into the cut-off mode, i.e., the current does not pass through them. In this case, the current in the primary winding of the induction coil decreases sharply, and the falling magnetic flux excites a high voltage current in the turns of the secondary winding, which is distributed by the distributor over the spark plugs.

At the same time, the falling magnetic flux excites the self-induction EMF in the primary winding, which can lead to breakdown of transistors. To avoid this, parallel to the transistor VT4 Zener diode is on VD9, which provides charging of capacitors C3 and C6... Moreover, in a circuit that consists of the primary winding of the induction coil and a capacitor SZ, damped oscillations occur, which excite a series of high voltage pulses in the secondary winding, and as a consequence, alternately several more consecutive sparks (up to 10 or more) in the spark plug. It is the increased intensity of sparking that is one of the main advantages electronic circuits ignition, which increases the ability to quickly start the engine, especially in the cold season. Positive period of self-induction EMF through a diode VD8 round feedback (resistor R2 and capacitor C1) arrives at the base VT1speeding up its opening. This is how one cycle of the circuit ends, and as a result, a spark appears in one spark plug.

For the next operation of the circuit, you need to open the transistor VT4 and pass current through the primary winding of the induction coil. This is done as follows: the negative half-wave of the sinusoidal current of the sensor closes the input transistor VT1, in this case the transistor VT2 opens slightly, and with it the transistors open slightly VT3 and VT4, so the current starts flowing again into the primary winding of the induction coil. Then the process is repeated.

With a low engine speed with a starter, the sensor rotor speed and, therefore, the frequency of control pulses are insignificant, which increases the duration of positive pulses. As a result, the capacitor C1 is charged and discharged several times, and the transistors VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4 go from open to closed. In this case, the magnetic flux of the primary winding of the induction coil occurs and disappears several times, which causes a series of high voltage current pulses and sparks in the spark plug.

With an increase in the engine crankshaft speed to 600 min-1 and higher, the sensor rotor speed increases and, therefore, the number of control pulses, the duration of which decreases accordingly. The frequency of charging and discharging the capacitor decreases at the same time C1 in a feedback loop, an oscillating process in the primary circuit of the induction coil and capacitor C3 stops and only one high-voltage current pulse is excited in the circuit, and only one spark is generated in the spark plug.

Zener Diodes VD5 and VD6 protect the transistor switch from possible overvoltage in the machine's power supply system. So, in the case of an increase in the generator voltage to 17-18 V (instead of 14 V) through the zener diodes VD5 and VD6 current flows in the opposite direction, from the generator "+" terminal through a resistor R5to the base-emitter junction of the transistor VT1... In this case, the latter opens slightly and causes the transistors to close. VT2, VT3 and VT4, which leads to a malfunction of the ignition system and indicates the need to regulate the generator voltage.

Ignition advance is carried out by the levers of the centrifugal regulator 16 (see Fig. 2), which, when the rotational speed of the roller of the sensor-distributor increases through the plate, rotate the sensor rotor in the direction of rotation. In this case, the control pulse is applied to the transistor switch a little earlier and the ignition timing also increases. Vacuum regulator 6 acts when the pressure in the suction pipe of the engine changes and the membrane, moving in one direction or the other, turns the stator through the draft 13 relative to the rotor, respectively changing the ignition timing.

Cap 7 the distributor, in particular this distributor, has nine terminals, of which eight are connected by high voltage wires with spark plugs, and the central one - through a carbon movable electrode of the DCNK type - with a rotor contact plate 11 ... The carbon electrode has an active resistance of 6-15 kOhm and, in addition to passing high voltage current, reduces radio interference from the ignition system. So, the rotor, rotating, distributes high voltage pulses to the fixed contacts of the high-voltage terminals of the cover, connected to the candles in the manner of the engine cylinders.

Application of aggregates in different systems ignition is given in table. one.

Application of aggregates of ignition systems

	ignition systems
	Interrupter or sensor		Electronic	Additional
car	distributor	ignition	switch	resistor
	Contact ignition systems
GAZ-24, UAZ-
452VS, -469BM
"Moskvich-2140",
ІЖ-2125, -2715
Contact transistor ignition systems
"Ural-375DM"
PAZ, KavZ
Contactless electronic systems ignition
VAZ-2108, -2109
Microprocessor ignition systems
VAZ-21083-02,
"Moskvich-2141"

* 1 - escaped execution; * 2 - complete with PC331 emergency vibrator; * 3 - complete with emergency vibrator 51.3734-01; * 4 - switch

All the considered schemes of ignition systems have a one-time sparking mode, the duration of which, even in the best samples, reaches 2.5-3.0 ms. It is practically impossible to increase it or introduce a reusable sparking mode without further complicating the circuit. This prompts designers to search for other functional and design solutions, the inclusion of microprocessors and microcontrollers in the control device for automatic setting of the optimal ignition timing, the use of the block-modular principle of building systems with the unification of functional modules and interchangeability.

Control questions.

1. How the shortcomings of the KTSZ were eliminated by applying the BTSZ.

2. What are the types of generator sensors in the BTSZ?

3. What does the BTSZ with a magnetoelectric sensor consist of?

4. What does a magnetoelectric sensor consist of?

5. The principle of operation of the magnetoelectric sensor.

6. What adjustments are provided in the BTSZ distributor sensor for setting the ignition timing?

7. What is used in the BTSZ in the event of a malfunction of the magnetoelectric sensor and transistor switch?

8. What is the backup ignition system made of?

9. The principle of operation of the backup ignition system.

10. How does the backup ignition system work?

11. What is the principle of the Hall sensor based on?

12. What is a Hall sensor made of?

13. Components of BTSZ with a Hall sensor.

14. Benefits of using BTSZ.

1. Describe possible options BTSZ.

2. Sketch the BTSZ circuit with a magnetoelectric sensor (Fig. 1), its components.

3. Describe the design and operation of the magnetoelectric sensor in the BTSZ.

4. Describe the purpose, connection, components and operation of the backup ignition system.

5. Describe the principle of operation and design of the Hall sensor.

Bibliography.

1. A. M. Gurevich and others. The design of tractors and cars. M .: Agropromizdat, 1989. - p. 309-310

2.V.A. Rodichev. Tractors and cars. M .: Kolos, 1998 .-- p. 284-286, p. 301-304.

3.MF Boyko. Tractors and automobiles. Electricity. 2 part. Kiev. Vishta osvita, 2001 - p. 92-105.

Experienced car owners of the popular VAZ 2106 model repeatedly encounter problems with the contact ignition system of a classic engine:

• burning of contacts, violation of the contact zone;
• changing the size of the breaker gap, respectively, the ignition angle, spark quality, idle speed;
• a decrease in the coefficient of elasticity of the breaker spring over time, natural wear, requiring replacement of the element;
• high mechanical stress on thrust bearings distributor, cam wear, leading to repair and periodic replacement of units.

Repair, maintenance, installation and dismantling of the distributor require skills not only mechanical works, but also knowledge in the field of auto electrical and engine diagnostics. Therefore, many motorists turn to specialized service stations to solve the problems associated with servicing the contact ignition system. Rather than offering discounts for respected older car owners, some garages are increasing their prices.

A sure way to reduce the problems associated with servicing the VAZ 2106 ignition system is to install a contactless ignition system on a car. Photo: media2.24aul.ru

Advantages and disadvantages of a contactless ignition system

From models 2108 on domestic vases a contactless ignition system is installed. Indisputable advantages of a contactless ignition system:

• ease of maintenance and repair;
• increase in the frequency of routine maintenance;
• reducing the level of electromagnetic interference associated with the arcing of contacts;
• an increase in the service life of the ignition coil, spark plugs, distributor;
• more uniform engine operation, stabilization of the ignition angle during operation;
• fuel savings due to the optimal setting of the ignition angle;
• increased peak voltage of high-voltage pulses (24 kilovolts instead of 16, as on contact system) promotes the formation of a better spark;
• easy start of a car, especially in the cold season.

The contactless ignition system has its drawbacks:

1. The switch, like all electronic components, has a certain lifespan. It is not a fact that the device will fail after the declared uptime (usually three years). Most switches have been in good working order for five years or more. But there are times when the switch burns out within a month after installation. This often happens with Eastern counterparts.
2. The electronic unit of the switch is non-separable, it cannot be repaired, only a unit replacement is required. Therefore, when going on a long journey, especially to sparsely populated areas, it is not superfluous to take a spare switch and an ignition coil on the road.
3. Electronic devices are more sensitive to voltage drops (with incorrect operation of the generator), electromagnetic influences. On military equipment contactless ignition is rarely used. In the event of a nuclear explosion, an electromagnetic pulse destroys all working electronics.
4. The purchase and installation of a contactless ignition system requires certain costs.

The cost of a set for a VAZ 2106 is about 2500 rubles. The installation of the system at the service station costs approximately the same amount. It is also necessary to change the spark plugs. Photo: images.ua.prom.st

The principle of operation of the contactless ignition system

In the contact system, a cam mechanism is used to synchronize the ignition angle, which drives a contact, which, opening-closing, generates electrical pulses in the primary winding of the ignition coil. On the secondary winding of the coil, high-voltage pulses are generated, fed through the distributor to the high-voltage wires of the corresponding candles.
The non-contact system replaces all elements associated with contact action.

The cam mechanism is replaced by a plate made of soft magnetic material with indicator protrusions. The breaker contact replaces the Hall sensor. It forms an electrical impulse at the moment of passing indicator protrusions in the zone of its sensitivity. The amplitude of the Hall sensor pulses is not sufficient to directly control the ignition coil.

Therefore, to amplify the pulses, an electronic switch is used, otherwise a pulse amplifier. At its output there is a powerful transistor that controls the operation of the electronic ignition coil.

You need to know that the ignition coil for a contactless system differs in electrical parameters from a contact one. Therefore, the BSZ set usually includes an electronic coil. Also, when replacing the ignition system with a contactless ignition, replace the spark plugs.

Complete set of contactless ignition system

The standard equipment of the contactless ignition system for the VAZ 2106 includes the following components:

distributor with built-in Hall sensor, vacuum ignition timing controller and suppression capacitor;

• switch;
• ignition coil;
• set of wires;
• a set of candles;
• installation and operating instructions.

Some kits include a set of fasteners. Photo: images.ua.prom.st

Self-installation and configuration of the contactless ignition system

Self-installation and adjustment can almost halve the costs associated with replacing the ignition system of a car. To install the device correctly, you need:

• electrical work skills;
• basic knowledge in electrics, reading electrical circuits;
• knowledge of the sequence of setting the angle of ignition of internal combustion engines;
• the presence of a tool (drill, set of screwdrivers, pliers, electrical tape, multimeter, a set of keys - for 8, 10 and 13).

You will find another instruction for installing a contactless ignition in this video:

Adjustment work

1. In the case of knocking "fingers", the distributor is moved clockwise, the power failure - against.
2. Regulation idle speed produced by screws of quality and quantity according to the standard algorithm.
3. At the end of the adjustments, a test drive is made, in case of violation of the modes, a second adjustment is made.

Recommendations for the operation of the contactless ignition system

In order for the contactless ignition system to work without failures, you must:

• monitor the condition of the installed wiring and connectors;
• periodically clean high-voltage wires, ignition coil and switch from oily accumulations, dust and dirt;
• periodically check the voltage on the battery in charge mode with the engine running (should be no more than 14.5 volts).