Automobile transport, and in particular buses, in our country traditionally is the most popular of public types. passenger transport. That is why the production of buses is so developed in Russia. In the 90s of the last century, due to the long-term economic recession, there was a significant decrease in production volumes in the domestic market. This led to the expansion of used foreign production buses of all classes, which gradually occupied a substantial market share. At present, domestic bus manufacturers managed to restore their priority position, offering a safe and high-quality technique that meets the highest requirements of comfort and efficiency, as well as modern environmental standards.
It should be noted that the enterprises included in the "Gas Group" occupy about leading positions in the domestic market. These are the well-known enterprises Groove, Kavz, Glabaz, LiazWhich in the aggregate provide about 70 percent of the production of buses in our country. These enterprises supported by these enterprises allow "GAZ Group" For a number of recent years, enter the number 10 major producers buses in the global market. Bus plants included in GAZ Group produce buses of all classes, fully providing the needs of the modern market.
In the production area, the traditional leader remains, which annually produces more than 12 thousand units of buses annually. Buses Paz Small class is extremely in demand in the market and enjoy widest popularity for urban and suburban traffic. The most popular base model is an PAZ-3205.which today comes to consumers in more than 30 modifications. This is the most real popular bus that has popular, thanks to its availability and excellent technical specifications. In addition, the groove buses are offered to the market and in the middle class (Paz-4230), and in a big class (PAZ-4223, PAZ-4228, PAZ-5271, PAZ-5272).
One of the leading manufacturers is. Bus Kavz - this is the lineupwhich presents 5 species of middle class buses that meet the highest requirements of the modern market. The company has developed Cavz buses for urban, suburban and long-distance transport. Since 2002, Kavz buses participate in the School Bus program, which is a confirmation of the high level of reliability and security of this technique.
In unconditional leaders are Glazaz and buses Liaz. - A young, well-equipped enterprise using advanced world technologies. Buses Glazaz Wide widespread for urban and suburban traffic. In addition, comfortable buses Glavaz are used on long-distance tourist routes. One of best models This manufacturer is tourist bus Golaz-5291, which is going on the SCANIA chassis.
- One of the leading domestic enterprises. Liaz buses today are produced at the production equipment of leading European firms. Buses Liaz - This is the widest range of cars of a large and especially large class, which have the widest range of applications for urban, long-distance and tourist transport.
Show only equipment - Choose a manufacturer - Kavz Liaz Nefhaz Paz Zil Gas Group Gas Bashevrocub
The labor story of our hero started in the distant 1930 - it was then that the Gorky automotive factory began to be built. To ensure it with everything necessary, in 1932, an auxiliary enterprise for the production of a car instrument (TNA) was erected in Pavlovo-Oko. During the Great Patriotic Wagi, as the whole country, he moved to the release of military equipment.
In the photo: Paz-651 and groove-652
In the same years, the rust of the USSR began to conquer the podiums of the old world. For the International Competition of Buses and International Tourist Rally, held in May 1967 on the French Riviera in Nice, a tourist luxury class bus-665 "Tourist" has been manufactured by the first prize of the French Republic for the most original design!
Stylistic motifs laid out in the "Tourist" groove were subsequently revived in the PAZ-3205 bus - the most minibus, on which the last 25 years travels all of Russia. The leadership of the plant, apparently, came to the lingering taste of world glory, and in a couple of years they rid out a new tourist concept to the public. At the 19th International Week of Buses in the same Nice, he grabbed a large Cup and the Golden Nika prize. It is said that Bridget Barddo itself was secretly in love with this bus, and he tried to buy Duke Savier - a famous organizer of cocktail parties on the Cote d'Azur, but the Soviet side responded with refusal.
True, in the homeland of the bourgeois handsome in the series did not let. A Brezhnevsky stagnation came to the shift of Khrushchev, so the Fatherland needed other heroes: strong, working, modest guys, ready to stand up for themselves and for their concert Nureu. That is how Paz-672 became one of the most recognizable buses. Soviet Union. His release was established in 1968, and, practically no change, he lasted on the conveyor 21 years. "Pazik" became the main public transport Suburban and interlineal routes, almost 80% of all transportation fell on its shoulders.
Economical geography
The groove organized the export of his hits in 30 foreign countries. The model fell on Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa. And on the black continent, the bus was supplied under the name "Tobol". He enjoyed great demand on suburban routes to Cuba, in Bulgaria, GDR and even in Hungary, where it would seem to have enough of his own "Ikarusov". True, in the capitalist countries, PAZ-672 was not supplied: the layout of the cabin did not comply with the requirements of many customers.
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In the photo: Paz-665 "Tourist", Paz-672,PAZ-3205.
Of course, most of the bus exported to friendly countries on special conditions. Nevertheless, many of those cars still work. They had a good reputation. Below, we give the words of George Zhakisteu, which in the 1970s was the Minister of Defense Angola: "All the main things do in the Soviet Union. The Kalashnikov machine store keeps our Angola from enemies. And the bus from Pavlova helps to understand how diverse our homeland is and beautiful. "
By the way, on the basis of the 672th model, a four-wheel drive bus was created increased passibility Paz-3201 is one of the most unusual, from the point of view of world car industry, designs. All-wheel drive cars with bone-free bodies abroad were made before the Second World War, but so that she was also really a passenger plus a large-scale, such a thing did not happen! The car was B. big price Not only in the USSR, but also abroad.
Perestroikal difficulties
Principle new model Paz-3205 was launched in a series in 1989, and she was destined to become the main bus of the country. At the International Exhibition "Automation-90" in Moscow new bus And the PAZ stand caused interest among representatives of American firms, they were especially surprised by the unique equipment for the manufacture of large stamps and metalworking of large parts and equipment for stamping plastic parts.
At that unusual time it seemed to many that, finally, the USSR began to slightly fantastic, but very good changes. However, the restructuring quickly led to chaos, and most enterprises included survival mode. I added the 90s gray hair and groove groove. Fortunately, bus factory Survived Tu Lyuya Godina.
In the photo: Paz 3205 with engine Cummins.
Current successes
The model PAZ-3205 was restored several times, was modernized, but its design basis remains the same. Naturally, there are also foreign progress on the "Pazikov" account too. For example, they are regularly supplied in Mongolia. And if the delivery of our cars into this country is perceived as a norm, then the export of "Pazikov" in Venezuela deserves special praise.
This is still not any Honduras, but one of the most developed countries of Latin America with huge oil reserves, cheap gasoline and excellent roads. AT bus park Caracas is more appropriate to look "Mercedes" and "Mana". Triple is nice that our hero has been played among them.
Here is his brief business card: the Middle class bus-4234 bus in tropical execution, which has been tested in the southern regions of Russia in a mountain relief, close to the conditions of Venezuela. Completed with the Cummins engine, automatic box Allison gears, equipped with gas equipment. Real High Tech, not a car.
By the way, Pavlovsky plant is not only the main manufacturer of buses in Russia, but also consistently among the top ten largest buses on the entire planet. When in the minibus you will once again hung elbow in the side, remember this, and it will be easier to face.
Groove - History of the brand:
Initially, the groove was called Pavlovsky bus factory named after A.A.zhdanova. Already since those times, the company produced small and medium-sized buses. Located in Pavlovo Nizhny Novgorod region, the plant began its existence since 1930. Then he was intended to support Gorky auto plant and various other enterprises. Initially, he produced the sheaf tools and body components. In 1932, the construction of the plant was completed, and he established its production. On November 12, 1968, he, becoming the first bus in the country, without stopping the main conveyor switched to the basic model of the enterprise - Paz-672. The latter was developed on the basis of PAZ-652. This model was produced until 1989, due to which he managed to get several modifications, including the all-wheel drive 2-door model of improved passability - PAZ-3201.
In the 1960s, the groove issued the main concept - to satisfy a wide layer of consumers by a large number of modifications of the main model. From now on, the plant began to take part in various international exhibitions. On December 1, 1989, the groove began serial production of the current basis of production - Paz-3205. Currently, on the basis of this model, thirty modifications of various appointments, both luxury and specialized, were created. A large list of modifications is associated with various weather conditions that use the factory technique. Serially produced so far about ten modifications of the basic model. At the beginning of the 21st century from the conveyor, there were cars of new capacities - 3-door groove-5272 and 2-door Paz-4230 "Aurora". The big buses have already stopped issuing due to competition with others. russian manufacturers - NEFAZ and LIAZ.
In the late 2000 groove created the first low-voltage bus of the small class in Russia - Paz-3237 "Luzhok". Changes and change the family of Paz-3205 - a few small buses with a spring suspension PAZ-3204. Over the past five years, the plant has developed prospective models of buses "City" and "Valdai". During the reform of production, a single welding and painting, press and metal-treatment workshop appeared. The assembly workshop became the most large-scale change - here the treads of the conveyors were reduced to four. In 2009, the production of the color of the new generation was put into effect in production - "Aisenman". Thanks to this, the buses of the PAZ often began to be honored high awards In the best contests of buses. So, the models took awards "The best city bus among professionals" and "Comrtrans" (prize of the jury of the competition).
After combining the mains domestic producers passenger transport by a group of gas, a division "Buses" appeared, which made it possible to breathe new life at soviet technique. Which, by the way, benefited such a transformation. To date, the company has an ISO 9001 certificate "Quality Management Systems. Requirements "in relation to production and development, as well as warranty and service.
Today it is an enterprise that uses all its design capacities and is included in the top 10 of the main world manufacturers, 42 new grooves are produced per day. With the use of the principles of production systems "GAZ", starting in 2003, efficiency increased cost reduction and reduction of cost, and technological processes were optimized.
The main line of the auto plant consists of a middle and small class. Sale of buses The grooves in Russia reached a new large-scale level and amounts to more than 9 thousand units per year. All modernization, improvements and expansion of modifications are based on the opinions of permanent customers and transport workers.
Production line: new models, price for the bus grooves and specifications
The developed service network of the manufacturer stations allows not thinking to buy buses in Moscow and the country's regions, including in the CIS and Far Abroad. In our company, for rights official dealer, A whole range of selling and maintenance in the warranty and post-warranty period is offered.
In our country, the plant is the only one who produces the full range of passenger technology using different species Engines: diesel, gasoline, gas and electricity. Today, the technique meets all the requirements for the level of comfort, safety and reliability, adaptability to the conditions of use in Russian conditions, as well as efficiency in operation.
Model range of products:
- City, suburban, long-distance - here leads "Vector", oriented towards comfortable transportation, in accordance with European requirements.
- School - produced on various modificationsAt the same time, all the requirements are followed in accordance with GOST "Buses for the transport of children. Technical requirements".
- Special purpose - this group includes cargo-passenger and ritual models, as well as with the options "Northern Execution".
The advantage of the entire range is the price of groove buses, because it is not dependent on the modification, a competitive value is offered compared to foreign production analogs, as well as all models have low operational costs. We note the scale of production, the plant produces more than 15,000 buses per year, which confirms the demand for products and its suggestions.
Bus Paz-3205 - 7-meter machine collected in Russia, in Pavlovskaya factory, and related to a small class.
General
The development of the bus lasted 15 years, and more than 10 experimental models of cars were created. The first testing model was manufactured in 1979, and the mass production began in 1984. However, the final type of model was adopted in the 86th. December 1989 began conveyor production Paz-3205, and by June 2001, a 100 thousandth bus of this sample was released at the factory. In 2008, the model was upgraded, which made it possible to increase the body's term from 5 to 10 years, to establish a better high-quality heating system and create a comfortable interior.
History of cars
The prototype of the car PAZ-3205 became Paz-665, which was created at Pavlovsky factory in 1966. This bus was manufactured in two types - municipal type and tourist with comfortable chairs. By appearance And the interior configuration it resembles the late version of the model 3205, which confirms the PAZ-3205 scheme.
After the PAZ-665, other types of machines were designed and carried out, which were very similar to the 3205th model. So, in the 70s last century The PAZ-3202 bus was constructed in three types: municipal and suburban use, as well as the PAZ-3204 model with high permeability. Last model It was planned to launch in production since 1979. However, due to problems with the supply of components, the start to serial production was interrupted.
Model
To get out of the situation formed, it was decided to use aggregates truck Gas - so a modification appeared, which is known as Paz-3205. Initial experienced specimens This sample arose in 1981, but they demanded some refinement. And only in 1986, Pavlovsky automobile began to produce a model 3205 in small volumes.
The mass release of PAZ-3205 begins from 1989 and lasted until 1991. This bus was to change the outdated 672 model, but the collapse of the Soviet Union with a further crisis stopped the production of buses in Pavlovsky automotive factory. But still, whatever difficult financial situation in the factory, and in 1991 the municipal modification of PAZ-32051 was launched, as well as PAZ-320507 - in 1995.
Some popular bus models and technical options
The bus serially began to be produced since 1989 in the standard passenger modification, and the PAZ-3205 engine could be either gasoline or diesel Belarusian production. Thanks to market conditions, the plant began to adapt to the situation and expand the model range based on the desires of customers. At the moment, the automobile industry manufactures several types and options for these buses that are characterized by a complete set and purpose. Below are a number of modifications of model 3205:
- Paz-3205 - the first model in the whole row of buses grooves. Its configuration included front automatic doors and emergency rear, hydropneumatic brakes and a bridge from the car gas. Since 2009, the bus is removed from production.
- Paz-32052 - upgraded model 3205 under route taxi. The main difference from the initial version of the car was that gas-filled equipment was put on it.
- Paz-32053 - the model possessed pneumatic brakes and carburetor engine.
- PAZ-3205-20 - the cargo-passenger modification of the model 3205. Produced with cargo compartment in the back of the bus and from 16 landing places. The volume of the trunk varies from 5-15 cubic meters, depending on the configurations ordered.
- Paz-3206 - all-wheel drive machine. Mainly used as school bus.
In addition to the above modifications, model 3205 gave life and such a car as a cargo bus-pickup, which is used in the territories of plants and large enterprises. On the chassis put the front of the bus, behind - an open onboard platform. Depending on the need of the plant, they may be more or less short to be able to simultaneously translate the workers and freight forwarder. This type of boat buses riding the needs of the enterprise in the factory regions can be found on the roads of Pavlovo.
Export versions of the bus
- Paz-3205-50 - Luxury variation, which was developed at the end of the previous century. From ordinary buses is characterized by soft unregulated armchairs in the cabin, luggage shelves along the windows and luggage compartment In the back with a volume of 2 cubic meters. m.
- Paz-3205-70 - bus model for the northern regions. Produced since 1995. At its base, a school bus is now produced. The bus configuration includes: retractable lower footboard, sessive seats with a straight back, seat belts on each seat, a connection key with a driver near each seating. On the perimeter of the bus, reflective stripes were pasted, and a megaphone is mounted on the roof.
- Paz-3205-507 - tropical buses for export for hot countries. A model is allocated with a large number of wide forces that occupy more than half of the window area, ventilation hatches on the roof and a changed body design. Such models are popular in Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries.
- Paz-3975 is a mobile laboratory surveyed athletes.
- Paz-4234 - elongated bus.
The PAZ-3205 device served as a base for other modifications of the bus that did not receive a large distribution among customers. A total of 18 modifications of the base type of the car were manufactured.
PAZ-3205: Specifications
According to technological parameters maximum speed The bus is 90 km / h. In the same time optimum speed With a loaded vehicle - 60 km / h. Fuel consumption per 100 km is 23 liters.
The bus has 28 seating And one service place. Full cabin capacity - 37 people.
The car has a mass of 4.83 tons and an engine in 88 horse power. The bus has a double-circuit pneumohydraulic brake system, as well as drum parking brake. In addition, it has a 4- or 5-speed gearbox.
Car length 7 m, width - 2.5 m, height - 2.9 meters. Clearance of the bus - 32 cm.
Characteristics of the PAZ-3205 and its advantages
The Soviet automotive industry was famous for the simplicity of assembling cars. Machines were built without a "lotion", without special convenience and comfort. PAZ-3205 is no exception to this rule. But there are also its advantages: the design of it is simple and easy to operate, it is hardy and has high passability. And also, that is important, the repair of the PAZ-3205 is performed quite simply and easily even with their own hands, which you can not say about modern buses filled with electronics and other devices.
Proof of the reliability of this car can serve that it is still exploited in almost all cities, villages and enterprises of Russia and the CIS. Paz-3205, the price of which ranges from 300 thousand rubles to 1 million, has earned popularity, due to its services in service, convenience in use in almost all spheres of human life.
Bus in the 21st century
Since 2000, the plant has begins to produce reliable modifications of single-door PAZ-32053 and two-door PAZ-32054. Since 2002, all buses are equipped with ABS system.
Since 2007, a comprehensive modernization of the 3205th model occurs. First of all, Belarusian and Ukrainian components for German details were changed. The joints of the body began to glue with a special anti-corrosion ribbon, and the front of the bus received a plastic cladding of a gray shade. Was also completely changed heating system The bus that allows the use of a car with severe frosts.
The salon of the car has also changed. The floor began to fit well-soaked plywood, the walls began to sneak plastic. The bus received other improvements that concerned mainly small design details.
However, all these innovations could not affect the fact that models 3205 morally and technically became irrelevant. GAZ-53 gearbox, which has not been produced since 1992, an uneconomical engine, outdated design - all this has long needed in charge. Recently, Pavlovsky bus factory develops new advanced buses to replace old models. But the current road transporters and municipal authorities prefer to acquire Paz-3205, specifications which does not comply with modern requirements, because it is much cheaper than a similar car class.
Conclusions of the Buse of the Pavlovsky Plant
Moscow and other Russian megalopolises have long changed their fleet for modern buses, European quality. But the rest of Russia still continues to use this bus. Model 3205 has proven itself in all spheres of human activity: from the transport of passengers to work in rescue, medical, fire and military services. Outdated technical support of the groove 3205 model is perfectly compensated by its low cost, which for local authorities with their constant budget deficit is a panacea in providing urban and district services in low-cost transport. In addition, this bus is considered the main motor vehicle For rural residents, again due to its low cost.
Pavlovsky Auto Plant does not stop the release of these types of buses, but the technical component is constantly improving. So, since 2010, it began to put on buses of this model diesel engine MMZ-245, which allowed to save fuel consumption by 10 liters.
Also very good decision There was an increase in passenger capacity up to 50 people and replacing the stamping carcass on a tubular with the use of polymers for external panels.
New bus Pavlovsky plant
Such technology was fully implemented at mass production The successors of the PAZ-3205 - on the buses of the Paz-4230 family "Aurora". Of course, this new model is much more comfortable, more convenient and modern than its predecessor, however, the cost is two times higher than the 3205th model. Thanks to this feature, it is safe to argue that the "people's" bus Paz-3205 and its modifications will have to work for a long time on our roads.
