We have to choose a place where the process of connecting the tires with a disk will occur, and for a part of the visitors - the rearrangement of the wheels assembly. Tire-based workshops are numerous, and workers in them are missing most of the year, but twice in the year they are "Putin", and motorists are queues, as for food during the restructuring times.
Works conducted in the bus service, except for the repair of tires and wheels in the event of damage, are two procedures: the tires itself (assembly of the bus and wheels in a single node) and balancing the collected wheels (combining its center of gravity with the axis of rotation).
When visiting a workshop, attention should be paid primarily to equipment. It is clear that a non-specialist will not determine the inscription on the machine, it is good or bad, but you can estimate the quality of the care of technique. For example, if the machines are in the cheese of the unheated room or some parts are simply smashed. Such a tire is better to avoid the side. Be sure to look at how the car hangs to remove the wheels. Still, it is very uncomfortable to hang the car, putting the jack only at one point of the threshold and lift the car so as to remove both wheels. A non-car can obtain both local threshold deformations and the overall curvature of the body. It is better if the car is hanging on the lift or take the wheels one by one on the jack. So, the wheel is removed. When the tires from the rim (overcoming Hampov), especially impressionable car owners better turn away. The tire is experiencing significant deformations, but fortunately, usually without irreversible consequences.
To facilitate the landing of the tire on the disk, contacting surfaces should be lubricated with soap solution. In some workshops, the tire and disk are made before assembly with oil, or motor, whether it is worked out. If you can lubricate rigorously, then the oil is slightly corrosive rubber and the tire is better sticking to the disk. True, when placing such a wheel can snatch a piece of rubber from the side. If the oils caused a lot, then it turns out a completely not funny picture. Pressing the brake in motion wheel disks stop. And tires begin to rotate relatively wheel disks. Do I need to say that such tires will not live for a long time?
Insolenly look sometimes in the tire workshops calculations on the price list. I will give an example. Brought to the tire on the non-tires and separate tires. I asked to replace the wheel valves. Two movements, and the valve is replaced. Then, when calculating the price list, they tried to count the replacement of four valves. But after all, the price of such a work is laid down the wheels (at least partial) and only then replacing the valve. And on "naked" disks it should cost much less. Well, since then in this tire fitting, neither the foot, although there is located next to the house. Balancing is also a responsible moment. It is possible, especially without going into the theory, to determine whether the work carried out in good faith. So, on one side of the wheel, for example, external, cargo (if there are several of them) should form a solid segment. It is unacceptable if they are scattered around the circumference, like stars on the southern night sky.
The second moment, easily detected visually, is the way of tightening the wheeled fastener. If the workshop workers use exclusively shock wrench and do not check the tightening wheels with a torque wrench, then it is most likely not to stop here too.
What threatens to you and your car visiting the workshop providing low-quality services? Bad wheel assembly can damage the tire. In the easiest case, this is the likelihood of the release of the air at the disk junction and the tire, I don't want to talk about the worst and say. Sub-quality balancing can lead to increased vibration at high speeds, wear of tires and suspension parts. The tightening of the wheeled fastener, and especially the secret, "from the soul" threatens torn threads, elongated with pins or bolts.
After visiting a bad tire, you can get a bunch of troubles related to the unexpected costs of money and time for repairing suspension and not only, replacement of prematurely worn tires. There are more significant risks - health and life that cannot be measured by no money. And do not think that it's just words - burst on high speed The wheel can lead to extremely sad consequences.
So as not to miss during the conversion, you can look into wheel arches And check wear brake discs And the pads, the state of the levers, steering and shruses, if, of course, you understand what it is about.
And do not forget: the high price announced for the services is by no means a guarantee high Quality executed works. Prices are also very varying from the region in which the tireage has to visit. Even in the suburbs, the rates are noticeably lower than in the capital, and in the neighboring areas, the set of wheels can sometimes be rebuilt for the money that the Moscow motorist gives for one wheel (truth, with removal and installation).
From personal experience
In conclusion, I will tell you what else has come across personally. Once, several car owners in line gathered near the tire workshop. Old Master (Until the student works) shares experience: "Zhgutiki to close the wheel is normally impossible, they are weak." It so happened that it was at this point that the author pulls the wheel from the trunk the wheel, which I had to repair flavored flames.
Prehistory. On the tramways flew tile. In the rain and in the dark, at three o'clock in the morning it appeared on her with a wheel. Side breaks in two places. The spare tire in the underground, and on top in the trunk lies such a cargo that it is alone and you will not endure. Well, flagellies with a pushing tool were with you. The compressor put on a continuous swap and let's install flaying flagellas. The first managed to shove the fingers, the rest - the device. A total of 14 flashers left. Sealed tire completely and perfectly inflicted. The remaining few kilometers reached without adventure and already the other day, putting a spare, and acquiring a tire, went to "professionals." Of course, it is not worth riding such a tire for a long time, but the technology of installing a flagel in a hole from self-pressing is very advised to master.
Automotive tires are important in operation vehicle. They provide comfort while driving, make moving in a safe car, provide reliable adhesion with an expensive in the conditions of adverse weather conditions. And the first thing that should be remembered both beginner and experienced motorist is the need to control the level of tire pressure.
Why is it so important? Pressure indicators determine the readiness of the wheel to the road confrontation in all weather conditions. Thus, the reduction in the tire pressure leads to an increase in fuel consumption. A B. critical situation It may cause the loss of manageability and the stability of the vehicle. So is it worth risking if the regular check of tire pressure will allow you to avoid many troubles related to the operation of the car?
Tireless device: design features and types of tires
Before you master the wisdom of tires, do it yourself - in the conditions of a garage or outdoors, it is important to explore the theoretical part of the process. To begin with, it is necessary to decide on the equipment of the automotive wheel consisting of a tire and a rim with a rim to which it is put on.
All types of modern automotive tires They are divided into several categories having their design features:
In addition to this tires are divided into:
- highway or summerUsed to operate on a solid coating in wet or dry weather. Do not apply for operation in low temperatures;
- winter, the protector of which is designed for a rapid discharge of snow and dirt from the area of \u200b\u200bthe contact spot, providing the adhesion of the vehicle with road coating. Such tires are originally designed to work in winter and have in their composition components that protect the rubber mixture against the loss of operational properties under conditions of low temperatures;
- all-seasonallowing to ensure the safety of driving with any weather and regardless of the change of temperature modes.
Automotive tires have gradation by the type of thread location in a cord basis. It can be radial - at a right angle relative to the sides, or diagonal, with the crossing of the threads from the sidewall to the sidewall diagonally.
Mounting and disassembling wheels
Ability to dismantle and install a car wheel - a big advantage for the car owner. You can be calm in the most unstantar road situation, and in conditions of urgent seasonal replacement of tires. And if you have not yet mastered all the wisdom of the aircraft, it's never too late to make the first steps in the right direction. The main thing is to learn the procedure.
To dismantle / install car wheels you will need:
- smooth space allowing you to freely replace the wheels;
- jack - to provide free access to the wheel attachment;
- balloon key of the desired size - for dismantling.
After completing the preparation, you need to act in stages:
- To begin with, it is necessary to reliably fix the vehicle in place by using for this parking brake (Tightening the lever). The car is placed on the first transmission. To securely fix the vehicle makes sense to use special devices ("shoes").
- By fixing the car, it is necessary to "disruption" the wheels of the wheel to be disassembled. To do this, we need to loosen nuts using a balloon key without removing them completely.
- Next, the car should be installed on the jack, lifting it in the location area of \u200b\u200bthe dismantled wheel.
- After the reliable fixation of the vehicle on the jack, you can proceed to dismantling, unscrewing wheel nuts And removing the wheel from the axis.
The dismantled wheel must be replaced with the spare. To do this, a pre-prepared "spare" is placed in the place of the "landing" of the wheel, establishing it with the help of studs or guides - depending on the design. And then fix (not to the end) with the help of previously dismantled fasteners, checking the reliability of fixation (nuts must be screwed in order of the order, starting from the uppermost, in the diagonal sequence - this ensures the correct center).
The final tightening of the nuts is made only after the velocity of the vehicle from the jack. Upon completion of the installation procedure, it is necessary to check the tire pressure (normal should be from 2 bar or more) and, if necessary, bring its indicators to the desired values.
Replacing the tires
Sometimes the tire procedure requires not just a temporary troubleshooting by replacing the wheels, but much more decisive actions. In particular, replacing the tires on the car disk, which even in the conditions of the garage looks not simple. What will be required for self-substitution tire?
- Special devices - blades, or, for the absence of the best, two flat tip screwdrivers.
- Soap solution.
Selecting the wheels with your own hands - a process that requires a certain excerpt. It is necessary to separate the tire from the rim as much as possible, gradually crimping the rim. By installing the blade between the rim and the tire, use a soap solution as a kind of lubricant, facilitating the release of the edge of the tire from under the rim.
It is important to consider what to act in the dismantling process is slowly, gradually moving along the rim. On average, in the absence of special equipment and skills, it will take about 30-40 minutes to dismantle one tire.
The process of replacing the tire is made in the same way. With the help of the blades, the tire is gradually placed in place, carefully refilling under the rim of the wheel.
Upon completion of the Tire Mounting Process, our Wheel is ready to install on the car. To do this, it is placed on the place of attachment and fixed with the help of bolts, and then removed from the jack and produce maximum fixation of the fasteners in the jacks of fasteners. Upon completion of the installation, the tire pressure must be brought to standard values.
We bring to your attention a video lesson "How to change the wheel by car":
Having mastered the basic bases of tires with their own hands, you can always cope with the emergency replacement of the tire in road situations without resorting to the help of specialists and seasonal replacement summer tires Winter will not cause serious problems.
For the car, winter begins not December 1, but at the moment when the air temperature dropped below 7 degrees Celsius. By this time, the tires made from the rubber-technical mixture for operation in the heat are beginning to dub. Consequently - braking distances The car increases sharply (depending on weather conditions - from 40 to 200%). In addition, the car on summer tires lies in turns, it is possible to slip on the start: it's time to change. Today we will talk about how the driver does not allow mistakes.
Selection for the road: Soft - for the village, solid - for the city
Conditionally, you can share the winter tires into two groups. First, the Middle Eastern Types focused on asphalt roads that are regularly cleaning. Secondly, the Arctic tires (other names are Scandinavian, Nordic), created specifically for snow-covered and iced roads. The difference between them is the hardness of the material. Thus, the Arctic tires are soft (from 50 to 55 shore hardness units, this parameter is knocked out on the protective), which is only twice the harder chewing gum.
Wheels of the first type We recommend for residents of cities where the roads are cleaned and sprinkled with salt, that is, the car, mostly moving along slush. But if you just need to dangle between the big city and the suburbs, it is better to choose the Arctic wheels. Due to its softness, they do not duby and well cling to the ice (on the driver's slang such wheels are often called "velcro").
After the driving conditions have determined, pay attention to the tread pattern: on a high-quality winter tire there should be a lot of rectangular chasers, small strips (lamellas), at the expense of which the winter tire is better holding the road (as if clinging lamellas for the slightest irregularities).
It matters and the depth of the tire. Although some specialists advise buying wide wheels, but from many years of experience for urban ride, we advise you to take narrow and high - according to the laws of physics, such a tire crushes to the surface, and therefore the controllability, the braking path and the acceleration characteristics of it is much better. Due to the bad roads, choose a bus with a deep tread to enhance the clearance.
Difference in the recipe
Absolutely all global tire concerns produce and cheap, and medium price, and expensive models. At first glance, the same wheels differ slightly. However, the difference between expensive and cheap tires is colossal even if the tread pattern is similar (or copied).
The whole thing in the rubber-technical composition. The fact is that the car tire is made of several dozen components: natural and synthetic rubber, soot, silica, all sorts of chemical additives, the content of which differs depending on the formulation of the mixture. The most expensive component - rubber - it is quite expensive. Therefore, in cheap tires, it is trying to use it at a minimum - to the touch such tires are oak, plastic, have an irritating smell.
On the market of this type of tires are sold under Chinese, Turkish brands, as well as from some Factories of the CIS countries. Interestingly, for their level, the price of them is quite high.
Note that the tires of normal quality (are produced on European and Japanese licenses at Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, Ukraine and Russia) are asked a little more, and, judging by numerous tests, their quality is higher.
By the way, the studded options are more expensive than usual by a third. But it is worth buying them only if you live outside the city.
Winter tires saves not always
Even if the car is transferred to the most expensive rubber, ride just as famously as in the summer, is not worth it. The fact is that universal rubber for winter does not happen - each model is designed for certain operating conditions, and they can change several times during the season. For example, the driver purchased tires for driving on ice and deep snow, And suddenly the street began a thaw and had to ride a slush. So each time you choose a safe speed, you must take into account absolutely all factors that can affect safety (the same requires traffic rules).
Three nuances of overpowering
Despite the fact that today the tire workshops can be found on every corner, and there are no queues from those who wanted to change summer tires on the winter yet, we advise you to approach the choice of workshop responsibly.
Do not shift where bought. Most of the workshops not only provide the service, but also sells tires. At first glance - convenient. He arrived at Summer, bought, immediately changed and even offered to leave summer for storage until spring. However, my acquaintances had several cases where the seller gave them a rubber curve (such a defect does not see the unarmed eye), and this shortage of this lack "did not notice" and installed non-unbalanced wheels. Result - problems with handling, noise. And the reason was able to find out only when arriving at another tireage.
Look at the machines. On bad equipment, it is impossible to carry out balancing, so take a look at the tools of the masters carefully. Thus, the balancing machine should be installed on a concrete pillow and securely fixed - otherwise its readings are just numbers from the ceiling. And on the paws, the bus starting the tire must be special plastic lining, allowing to avoid scratches on the disk. By the way, the master is obliged to wash the wheel before balancing, otherwise the dirt can lead to the error of the equipment readings - with large queues, often a master about it in a hurry forget.
Caution, pneumop. Unscrew and twist the wizard nuts can with pneumatics. But delay - only manually. Otherwise, you can make a mistake with the center of the wheel, which will affect the chassis.
To whom all-season tires are suitable
In the auto shops now they continue to sell so-called all-season tires (with a mark on the cord all seasons). For the consumer, buying such wheels is rather attractive - in the spring it will not be necessary to be re-overwhelmed again.
FROM EUROPE. You can buy such wheels, but only if you do not ride in very coldy. The fact is that in its characteristics is the usual summer tires intended for sale in countries where there are no winter in our understanding - 5 degrees of frost are considered a terrible cold. According to tests of a number of foreign publications, such wheels are calmly kept, and already during the snow and on ice, their effectiveness falls sharply.
There are also a number all-season tiresintended for minibuses and small trucks. This technique does not drive quickly, and the pereobuvka is economically inexpedient.
Our tires. In our country, tires developed by the Union as all-season are still selling - they are released by the CIS enterprises. Interestingly, they are in sustainable demand - they are bought by drivers "Zhiguli", "Niv", "Volga", "Muscovites". But the tragedies do not happen: usually such people in winter or do not go, or drive only for short distances.
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With the arrival of spring, more and more owners of personal means of movement begins to think about the process of replacing the rubber on your car. Like ordinary shoes, car rubber has features that allow it to use it at a certain time of the year.
Application is not a correct type leads to additional costs of financial resources of the car owner or can lead to the creation of a dangerous environment on the roads.
Differences and features
The main difference between both types of tires is the different technology used when creating rubber shoes for the car. Winter tires feels great at negative temperatures, but during hot weather conditions, it is softened. This feature It may lead to loss of control over the car in the warm season, and therefore will cause the creation of a dangerous situation on the roads, which can lead to human victims. With increasing temperature, the life of the winter version of the tires is significantly reduced. This type of rubber is rapidly destroyed in warm weather conditions, especially when the vehicle is hit in potholes or when moving the vehicle through obstacles.
Summer tires per car possesses completely opposite properties - with low temperatures The surface of the tire becomes very solid, which leads to a bad clutch with a road surface. Even on a clean road, such rubber behaves very badly at a noticeable cooling. The movement of the car on the summert of the tires on the icing track very often leads to a deposits that may be accompanied by human victims or large financial waste related to serious repair work Vehicle.
When and how it follows
Each vehicle owner replaces winter rubber on it summer optionAccording to his personal beliefs. There is no certain time when this procedure should be carried out, so every car enthusiast can be replaced automotive tires In any, convenient for him, time. It is recommended to replace winter rubber on the summer when the night air temperature will have a constant positive value. Too early shift automotive rubber It may lead to the fact that they will have to move on the vehicle during traditional morning frosts, which does not contribute to good control over the car.
Replacing car tires - a fairly simple process - at the station maintenance this procedure It takes no more than half an hour of free time, and it costs this process is not quite expensive. However, many car owners prefer to replace winter rubber on summer independently. Of course, it is possible to install demi-season rubber on your vehicle, but this option has several significant drawbacks. First of all, it is the price that is significantly higher than that of ordinary analogues. The second drawback is that this option of tires does not have a full-fledged positive qualities of winter and summer rubber. That is, the demi-season tire in winter and summer has lower technical specifications than traditional rubber options for various weather options.
If the car owner has the ability to fully change the wheels of his vehicle, then the replacement of shoes will not require great effort and spending of personal time. To carry out all work, you need to have a suitable tubular key of a suitable size and a car jack. Nuts on the wheels of the car are unscrewed before lifting the body of the vehicle, then the vehicle rises to the height of the required height and the replacement process is performed. automotive shoes. Fastening the wheels are followed by a cross-like method, which is performed again at full load on a new car element.
Even with such a simple process, all security measures should be observed: the car should stand on a flat and solid surface, to be installed on hand brakeand additionally fixed with shoes. If it was not possible to find a sufficiently solid soil - it is necessary to put a largely wide board under the jack support to reduce the pressure force produced by the car.
Some vehicle owners do not use additional wheels in the collection - in such cases it is necessary to produce tireage. This process is also not a particularly difficult procedure, although most people try to fulfill it in servicing organizations. For those who do not know how to focus on their own, we give a description of this process.
For this procedure, two special shoulder blades will be required. The rim of the wheel is pre-lubricated with a conventional soap solution, then with the help of the wide ends of the blades, the tire breaks off with landing. To do this, it will require an attach a certain physical force to press the material of rubber from the metal base. Replacing the tire occurs in reverse order With the help of the same tool, moving it around the perimeter of the car wheel.
Summer rubber choice for car
Rubber, like ordinary shoes, has a large number different specieswho have their own features and technical characteristics. It will be appropriate here: sneakers man clothes, first of all, for sports or personal convenience, while shoes are more designed to create an image and wearing at ceremonial receptions or hiking. Also different kinds Car tires are designed for different use options.
Summer car tires are highway or speed. If the first option is suitable for a standard driving process, then the high-speed tires is installed on sports vehicles or fans of high-speed movement on the roads.
There are three types of tread pattern on automotive rubber:
This option is perfectly copes with driving in bad weather conditions in summer time For example, when moving around the wet road. The disadvantage of this type of tire is a short life of the product and the impossibility of installing it on the opposite side of the vehicle;
2. Symmetric tread pattern.
Advantage this type is a long service life and good specifications products;
3. Asymmetric tread pattern.
It has the main positive features of the first two types of automotive tire protector pattern.
For movement in urban conditions for short distances the ideal option is the second type of tire. Car owners making large routes along the tracks usually use the director of the tread as the most suitable for this process. Lovers fast driving The ideal option is to purchase a third type of automotive tires, as it is most suitable for this type of driving vehicle.
Lovers extreme driving Wide-profile tires should be purchased, as they better cope with dangerous road situations and have a long service life. If you like a slow ride and accustomed to save your money, the narrow-profile tires are your perfect choice.
When choosing between standard and low-profile rubber, it should be borne in mind that the second option shows the good stability of the car, while significantly reducing the comfortable state when the vehicle is moved. In addition, this velocity of summer rubber is much more expensive than traditional tires and has a significantly smaller service life.
Conclusion
In the end, I would like to note her one important factor when choosing summer tires - you should carefully read the testimony of the marking on the tire and know the technical characteristics of your vehicle. Different rubber options have different speed limitations and a possible load on each vehicle wheel. A very important element when choosing rubber are load indices and high-speed modes that are on the surface of the tire in one place. For example, the designation "90T" means that the maximum load on one wheel of the car should not exceed 600 kg, and speed mode limited 190 km / h.
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Replacement of rubber on VW Passat B3 do it yourself
A couple of years ago, when I had a rubbish jack, I myself had a replacement wheel on a car only in forced cases.
The jack has had a handle that it was necessary to twist first in one direction to raise the car, and then to another to omit.
To replace the winter rubber on the summer, I drove the car into the tireage, the good, they take the money for this service for this service.
Well, one day I decided that I could no longer live without a rolling jack.
Immediately after purchase it turned out that in the cylinder of the jack low level Oil. I had to add spindle to him or something like that, and he still earned.
Returning to the replacement of rubber: now it began to be considered normal to have two sets of wheels, one with winter studded rubber, and the second with a summer.
Why do you need winter and summer tires?
The tread in summer tires is less deep, and the tire itself is harder than winter, the area of \u200b\u200btouching rubber is small, and the car spends less power to overcome the friction, but, at the same time, it has a sufficient clutch with a road surface, and, accordingly, can develop most speed, optimally spending fuel.
And in winter, especially, on ice, friction between rubber and expensive is not enough, and for normal ride, it is necessary to trigger the type of deep tread, soft rubber and metal spikes.
In my childhood, people or did not have studded rubber at all, or were forced to focus the wheels twice for the season, and most had no cars and they went on foot. Or maybe I have left the wrong memories of this side of the life of motorists from childhood?
Returning back to the replacement of rubber, now finally: now I change the wheels herself. It's easy to do, especially, having a good jack, a good key and a VW Passat B3 car.
I am starting with the fact that I lay out all the necessary and wear shopping gloves next to the car. Then I remove the decorative cap from the wheel and loosen all four bolts with the help of the key that fastening the wheel.
You cannot unscrew them all right, even if you really want.
What is good Volkswagen Passat, so this is the fact that the bolts are unscrewed easily and quickly, the effort is only in order to stronger the bolt from the place, and then it can be twisted with your fingers.
After the bolts are weakened, you need to raise the car to the jack.
The rolling hydraulic jack for this purpose is the most convenient, in my opinion.
When the wheel is already hanging freely in the air, I finally unscrew the bolts and remove it.
Summer rubber can be removed from that moment.
I install the wheel with winter tire And screwing it.
Then I lower the jack and wear a decorative corporate cap on the wheel.
Similarly, I change three more wheels. After their replacement, the car is ready for operation on the winter road. On the way to the city it will be necessary to drop in the tireage and check the pressure in the wheels.
