The L diesel engine family was introduced in October 1977 and is still in production today! The third modification of this motor was called 3L and was produced for only six years, from 1991 to 1997. I personally owned a Toyota Dune with this engine - it was extremely noisy, just not decently noisy. The traction was very poor, faster than 120 km / h it was only possible to accelerate downhill, while the 3L engine consumed more than 12 liters of fuel, usually closer to 14-15.
Engine 3L had a volume of 2.8 liters, maximum power 91 h.p. (68 kW), and a torque of 188 N * m at 2400 min-1. Among the rest of the family motors L it looked like this:
1977-1983 - 2.2 L (2.188 cm3) L
1983-1986 - 2.4 L (2.446 cm3) 2L
19 ?? - 2006 - 2.4 L (2.446 cm3) 2L-TE
1989–20 ?? - 2.4 L (2.446 cm3) 2L-THE
1991-1997 - 2.8 L (2.779 cm3) 3L
1997 - ???? - 3.0 L (2.986 cm3) 5L
Apart from Dune, this engine was also installed on Toyota HiAce, Hilux / Hilux Surf / 4Runner. Apparently, the engine noise on such cars was not important, but there was reliability - there are no turbines and electronics, on such a car it is not scary to go far from the city and from the car service, unexpectedly it will not break.
Later, these motors remained popular for off-road affairs - they were sometimes installed on UAZs and other jeeps, which were homemade from several donors.
Let's look at the design of this engine - the cylinder head, made as on the VAZ-2108, adjusting washers on the valves and the camshaft above them (i.e. without rocker arms and intermediate shafts), of course, with such a valve design as in the "eight", there are only eight:
The pump does not look very efficient, its design is similar to the ancient Zhiguli pump from the early 70s. The drive of the pump with a V-belt and a viscous coupling on it is not what the consumer dreams of! This kind of thing was outdated many years ago:
The toothed belt on a diesel engine runs normally, only it must be changed on time - the replacement interval of 60,000 km (although the manufacturer allows 100,000 km of mileage) is reduced for Russia, since there is no confidence in the quality of service and components, the absence of oil and antifreeze drips under the belt cover , operating temperature conditions are more severe. If the belt breaks, the piston will meet the valves and the owner will face a large and expensive repair.
Timing belt load at engine 3L low enough: there is no pump that can jam. Only a simple single-shaft head and a pump drive. The strap is short and bends well toothed pulleys, there are cases when this belt nursed more than 150,000 km.
Simple and reliable oil pump at the engine 3L the same as that of the whole family L, in design it is similar to the one that is well known to everyone from the "eight" engine (VAZ-2108): a trochoid-type oil pump, worn on the nose of the crankshaft, has a minimum of parts. Of the shortcomings, only one is a fairly long oil receiver, which cannot immediately suck in oil:
For comparison, gear oil pumps (like on the VAZ-2101) are immediately immersed in oil and are actually "inside" the oil receiver - they give out oil pressure much faster!
Of particular interest may be Manual for repair and tuning of diesel engine 3L, you can download it. The file will open in a new window, in order to read it, you need to have a configured reader for PDF documents.
L3 is a series of 4-cylinder engines developed by the Mazda concern. This engine was produced in the period from 2001 to 2011. The working volume of the unit is 2.3 liters. Various versions of it are installed on cars. Mazda MPV, Tribute and others.
Description of the L3 engine
The Mazda L3-VE engine was installed on a large number of manufacturer's models, since it was considered one of the best modifications.
Consider the features of the Mazda L3:
- The cylinder block of the internal combustion engine is aluminum, supplemented with cast iron liners. It uses a long piston skirt;
- The cylinder head is also made of winged metal;
- DOHC valve timing - two overhead camshafts. The drive is carried out using a metal chain;
- Direct fuel injection, DISI format;
- The maximum power of the regular version is 166 horses at 4000 rpm, and the turbo VDT is 263 hp. from. The engine is capable of developing an enviable speed of 214-272 km / h;
- The turbocharger is of the S-VT or Warner-Hitachi K type. Its driving force is the exhaust gases, which drive the turbine. S-VT consists of two blades, the impeller can spin up to 100 thousand rpm;
- New format gas distribution phases;
- In order to reduce overall noise and vibration, the engine was equipped with balancer cassette units and silent chains;
- A crankshaft with a pulley equipped with a special damping mechanism and a pendulum suspension;
- The crankcase is formed by four cylinders arranged in a row. It closes them from below and acts not only as a reservoir for lubrication, but also increases the wear resistance of the motor;
- There are sixteen valves in the L3 engine. There are 4 valves per cylinder. They are driven by camshafts;
- For better maintainability, belt contour attachments was simplified (only one additional belt is used on the L3). It does not need to be adjusted, as the adjustment is done automatically using the tensioner.
The L3 engine was nominated for the best car engine of the year ”, entered the top leaders for two years in a row. The L3 family is also produced by Ford, however in the USA this motor has another name - Duratec. It would be more correct to say that American Ford uses the technology of this engine and its technical features for Eco Boost car.
Service Regulations L3
The main provisions of the L3 engine service manual are related to relubrication. The manufacturer recommends pouring the following compounds:
- API SJ ACBA 52-30;
- API SL ILSAC GF-3 5W-20;
- API SG 0W-40 to 20W-40.
This should be done every 20 thousand km of run, together with a filter.
Other procedures that must be carried out periodically, at specified time intervals:
- 20 thousand km of run - check the idle speed;
- 20 thousand km - cleaning the air filter;
- 40 thousand km - check the cooling system, refrigerant level;
- 60 thousand km - replacement air filter;
- 60 thousand km of run - check the condition of the auxiliary belt;
- 120 thousand km - check the timing gaps by ear. If there is increased noise, adjust;
- 120 thousand km - replace the spark plugs, but they should be checked at each inspection;
- 100-200 thousand km - replacement of antifreeze.
Fault overview and repair
This engine has a special window on the front cover through which the user can perform maintenance on the elements. From here you can, for example, unlock the ratchet, adjust the timing chain or lock the tensioning lever. In general, the engine is among the best in terms of maintainability among analogues. This is evidenced not only by the reduction in the number of auxiliary belts but also other features. Many components and systems are controlled and monitored by sensors and electronics:
- The valve timing actuator constantly monitors the phase of the exhaust and intake valves, controlling them using the OCV hydraulic pressure;
- The oil valve is controlled by the PCM electrical unit;
- The crankshaft speed is controlled by a sensor that sends a signal to the ECU;
- The operation of the camshafts is also monitored by the control unit via a separate sensor;
- The engine is lubricated using an oil pump installed on the end of the pallet. The entire flow is electronically controlled and requires no maintenance.
Mazdovsky RSM control unit
Tuning options L3
The main stages of engine tuning are associated with the improvement of interconnected units and systems:
- Modernization exhaust system the car will have a positive effect on traction. The systems CorkSport, AutoExe, Greddy and others are very popular among Mazdovodov. Often a branded cutback is installed, without removing the catalysts;
- On most modifications of L3 engines, it is enough to change the ignition timing by a few degrees to add power;
- Chip tuning is another well-known method of increasing power internal combustion engine characteristics... During this upgrade, the control unit is re-flashed, which was initially configured with restrictions for the operating conditions, legal aspects and environmental standards. However, chipping is useful only for turbocharged versions of L3, for aspirated this procedure will be useless;
- Installing Jetter. It's compact the electronic unit allowing to change the reaction rate throttle after pressing the accelerator pedal.
Installing a cutback or complete replacement a native muffler will significantly increase the power of the Mazda engine
The above tuning methods allow you to increase the engine power several times. Depending on the specific technology, the power of the motor can be increased up to 350 hp. from.
List of car models
The following vehicles were powered by the L3 series engines:
- The base L3 engine was installed on cars: 2nd generation Mazda MPV LW minivan and 1st generation Mazda Tribute EP;
- Modification L3-VDT - for hatchback Mazda Axela BK / BL 1 and 2 generations 2006-2011 and CX-7 ER 1 generation 2006-2012. Also, a turbocharged engine was installed on the 1st generation Mazda Atenza GG sedan, the 1st generation Mazda 3 BK hatchback and the 3rd generation Mazda MPV LY minivan;
- L3-VE was installed on Mazda Atenza GG hatchbacks and station wagons of the 1st generation of 2002-2007, sedans and hatchbacks Mazda Axela BK 2003-2006, 1st generation Mazda Biante CC minivan, 1st generation Mazda 3 BK sedans and hatchbacks, 3rd generation Mazda MPV LY minivan, 2nd generation Mazda Premacy CR minivan and 1st generation Mazda Tribute EP;
- L3KG was installed on the 2nd generation Mazda 3 MPS BL hatchback and 1st generation Mazda 6 MPS GG;
- L3C1 is installed on sedans, station wagons and hatchbacks Mazda 6 GG 1st generation 2002-2008;
- L3-DE - on the Mazda MPV LW 2 generation minivan 2002-2006.
List of modifications L3
Here are the modifications of this ICE:
- L3-VE;
- L3KG;
- L3C1;
- L3-DE.
L3-VDT - a turbo version of the Mazda engine develops a power of 263 hp. with., and if you make chip tuning, you can achieve 350 hp. from.
The turbocharged version of the L3-VDT is structurally no different from the basic version, except for the presence of a turbocharger. Direct fuel injection. The motor has an additional air cooler - an intercooler. Ignition is carried out using a coil on a spark plug. This power unit develops power up to 263 liters. from. at 6700 rpm. Only he does not recognize low-grade and low-octane fuels. It is recommended to pour only AI-98.
Specifications
| Element | Parameters |
| engine's type | Gasoline, four-stroke, 16-valve, liquid cooling, direct injection |
| Engine power, hp from. | 163 (regular); 238 - 272 (turbo) |
| Maximum speed, km / h | 214 (regular); 272 (turbo) |
| Number and arrangement of cylinders | Four-cylinder, in-line |
| Cylinder block | Cast from aluminum alloy with cast iron cylinder liners installed inside the housing, equipped with a long piston skirt and an integrated main bearing cap |
| Cylinder head | Made of aluminum alloy, due to which it has a low weight and has high sound-absorbing characteristics; the cover has a boss for installing a camshaft position sensor and a hole for installing an oil control valve (OCV); the gasket is metal and has a two-layer structure |
| The combustion chamber | Wedge |
| Gas distribution mechanism | DOHC (with two overhead camshafts in the cylinder head), chain driven and 16 valves |
| Working volume, ml | 2.261 |
| Fuel used | AI-95 gasoline (regular); Premium gasoline AI-98 (turbo) |
| Fuel consumption, l / 100 km | 8.9 — 14.7 |
| Timing drive | metal chain |
| Number of auxiliary belts | 1 with automatic tensioner |
| Crankshaft pulley | With vibration damper and pendulum suspension |
| CO2 emission in g / km | 231 — 273 |
| Cylinder diameter in relation to piston stroke, mm | 87.5x94.0 |
| Compression ratio | 10,6:1 |
| Compression pressure | 1,430 (290) |
| Valve opening and closing time: | |
| High school graduation | |
| Opening to TDC | 0-25 |
| Closing after BDC | 0-37 |
| High school graduation | |
| Opening to NMT | 42 |
| Closing after TDC | 5 |
| Valve clearance | |
| Intake | 0.22-0.28 (cold engine) |
| graduation | 0.27-0.33 (on a cold engine) |
| Start-stop system | optional |
| Turbines used | S-VT, Warner-Hitachi K04 |
| Lubrication system | |
| Drive unit | Through an oil pump mounted on the end face of the crankcase and driven by the crankshaft |
| Innings | Through holes and channels to the crankshaft and camshafts and to the working surfaces of the cylinders |
| Fuel supply | Implements electronic system maintenance-free motor control |
Refueling tanks and technical liquid toyota
Refueling tanks of almost all Toyota brands
Toyota requirements for maintenance in Russian conditions:
Replacing the timing belt every 100,000 km
-Replacing drive belts:
diesel engine every 40,000 km
petrol engine every 60,000 km
-Changing the oil in gasoline engine every 10.000 km of run
in diesel engine every 5.000 km of run
-Replacing the oil filter at each oil change
-Coolant replacement every 40,000 km
-Replacing spark plugs every 20,000 km
-Replacing the fuel filter
diesel engine every 20,000 km
petrol engine every 40,000 km
-Replacing the air filter every 40,000 km
-Replacing the air conditioner filter every 40,000 km
-Replacement brake fluid every 40,000 km
-Check the clutch fluid every 10.000 km
-Check the power steering fluid every 10,000 km
-Changing the oil in manual transmission every 20,000 km
-Changing the oil in automatic transmission every 20,000 km
-Changing the oil in transfer case every 20,000 km
-Changing the oil in the differentials every 20,000 km
-Replacing the grease in the hub bearings every 20,000 km
-Lubrication of crosspieces cardan shaft every 10.000 km of run
When replacing transmission fluid Toyota instruction tells you to unscrew the box pan, remove the mesh filter, rinse it and the pan in fresh automatic transmission fluid and put it back. In this case, you should not lose the magnets located on the pallet. In this case, you DO NOT NEED to change the filter. Practice also shows that changing the automatic transmission fluid sometimes miraculously affects the smoothness and correctness of gear shifting.
Air filter: 40,000 km, blow every 10,000 km.
Antifreeze: every 40,000 km.
Candles: ordinary - every 20,000 km, platinum - every 100,000 km with normal gasoline :) You need to put only those candles that are indicated in the instructions. As a rule, these are NGK and ND (Nippon Denso, now renamed Denso).
It is better not to bet Bosch and other Champion - as a rule, they have other parameters. Belts: every 100,000 km.
Brake fluid and power steering fluid: every 40,000 km. In the power steering you can - you need to fill ATF oil(the same oil as in the automatic transmission).
Refueling tanks Toyota Prado
