A3 B4 oil. What does it mean. ACEA specification

Almost every label canister with motor oil you can find information about its viscosity class, specifications and admission of automakers. Let's try to decrypt the value of the marking of motor oils:

What can be on the label canister with butter:

1. SAE viscosity class. One of the main quality characteristics of the oil is, as is known, its viscosity. It is from it that depends the degree of oil distribution over friction surfaces, and ultimately - the engine resource. For all-seated oils, the first digit (next to W) is a winter class, after hyphena "Summer" class. The smaller the numbers - the more liquid oil. From the class of viscosity, the correct engine lubrication depends, especially during the start and warm-up engine at negative temperatures. Liquid oil works better at negative temperatures and saves fuel by 2%. More dense oil is more reliable when engine overheats, in a hot climate and for old worn engines. The most common classes are safe for any engines: 5W-30 and 5W-40. Under the conditions of extremely low temperatures (-40 and below), oils 0W-20 and 0W-30 are recommended. For old and worn: 15W-40. Be careful with the oils of classes 0W-40 and 0W-50, they can be dangerous for your engine.
2. Specifications. Specifications were invented to facilitate the choice of oil by car enthusiasts and professionals. When using oil on "its" specification, the wear and risk of the engine breakdown are reduced, the "avgar" of oil, fuel consumption, decreases the noise, improve driving performance Engine (especially at low temperatures), and also increases the service life of the catalyst, and the exhaust cleaning system. The most common classes (American and Asian gasoline engines from 2010 g) (oils with high operational properties for modern gasoline and lungs diesel engines)
3. Tolerances of automakers. Among european manufacturers The tolerance system is also common. In the hierarchy of marking, admission stands on the highest stage. The presence of admission means that the oil in one form or another has passed the "quality control" inside the manufacturer of your car and is recommended to apply on certain models and under certain conditions. Examples of tolerances: MB-Approval 229.5,
4. Barcode. Often, the label does not set the country of production, but according to the first diggers of the bar code you can always determine exactly where the oil is made. See the first digit table of the most common barcodes:
5. Part number and production date.The party number is indicated as a rule on the canister itself with butter (not on the label), this is a unique number that is assigned a batch of lubricant produced in one day on one stirrer. There may also include the date of production. Although the shelf life of the oils is as many as three years, it will not be superfluous that the product is not shifted. If you have suspicions in, you need to send a party number and photo labels to the manufacturer, in the overwhelming majority of cases of your appeal will consider and you will promptly receive an answer
6. Pseudo-Arching.In most cases, motor oil manufacturers add a large amount of information to the label, which is not generally accepted standard labeling, but this oil must be allocated among others, show its advantages. Usually this marking has no technical root and is the fruit of the creativity of marketers who exploit our delusion with you. Examples: FULLY SYNTETIC, HC, cleansing, estant, with the addition of smart molecules, anti-wear, etc.
7. Special categories of motor oils. There are engine oils, special mainly industrial applications. As a rule, these oils are seriously different from ordinary car differ in characteristics, they are not allowed to apply them. Examples: ship, aircraft, for gas-piston stationary engines, tractor oils.

Now consider these groups.

Viscosity Oil Marking

The viscosity of the oil is determined at high temperatures and large speeds Shift of rubbing surfaces, characterized by three indicators - dynamic, kinematic, as well as viscosity index. Let's say a change in dynamic viscosity shows how the engine oil will behave under pressure. It is measured in Pouas (P). Kinematic viscosity characterizes the change in oil properties under the action of forces, for example, centrifugal, and is measured in centistoxes (CST) or in mm2 / s. But the viscosity index gives an assessment of the dependence of the viscosity of the oil from temperature. The wider the temperature range in which the necessary fluidity and viscosity of the oil must be ensured, the higher the index should be. Only then motor oil can be considered high quality.

According to the viscous characteristics of the oil, it is customary to be divided into all-season, summer and winter.

All season include classes oil:
SAE 0W-30, SAE 0W-40, SAE 5W-30, SAE 5W-40, SAE 10W-30, SAE 10W-40, SAE 15W-40, SAE 20W-40.

When labeling all-season oils, two viscosity numbers should be present, the first - viscosity at low temperatures, the second - at high.

Summer, most viscous, oils of classes:
SAE 20, SAE 30, SAE 40, SAE 50, SAE 60.

The number after SAE denotes the degree of viscosity than it is more, the greater the viscosity of the particular oil.

Winter, less viscous, classes oils:
SAE 0W, SAE 5W, SAE 10W, SAE 15W, SAE 20W.

In the symbols of winter engine oils, the letter W - Winter (Winter) should be present.

Specialized oils (summer, winter) Currently in the consumer market are practically not found, they gradually displaced all-season, but it does not mean that you can use any of the all-season motor oils offered on the market.

To properly choose oil for a particular engine, you need to consider a number of factors

1. Requirements of the manufacturer of the car outlined in the instruction manual (service book).

Engine design can be very different from each other. When developing new motors, designers are oriented on a certain viscosity of the oil. Therefore, different models - different power Oil aluminosions, bandwidth diameter, Honinovy \u200b\u200bsize, different parameters for heat removal. Therefore, before buying engine oil, look into the instruction manual, as a last resort, use one of the chambers of the oil on the Shell, Mobile website, Castrol, etc. All of them pick up the oil on the Orsollaler system, where the requirements of automakers and the selection of oils goes on them.

2. Climatic operating conditions of the car.

Everything is quite simple than colder temperatures ambientThe less the viscosity class should be motor oil (Number of SAE letters):

Approximate temperature limits of use of oils of various classes by SAE

3. Lifecycle and current status of the engine.

For for a long time The operation of the car gaps in the engine friction pairs is significantly increasing, which requires the use of more viscous oil to provide satisfactory pressure in the lubricant system. This is especially important in summer timeWhen the car engine can be heated to maximum temperatures.

For old worn engines, the resource of which comes to an end, recommend using motor oils, the class of which is higher than indicated service book. This may be the SAE 15W-40 classes, SAE 20W-40, for completely old engines it is better to stay on classes: SAE 15W-50, SAE 20W-50. Attention, pouring an elevated class oil pay attention to the temperature. A viscous oil with a strong frost - it can not be a medicine, but a poison that will kill the engine.

4. Fuel economy or driving racing style?

If the savings are 1-2% important to you and in your service book, it is allowed to use low viscosity oils (0W-20, 5W-20, 5W-30) - pay attention to the brands of the oils of the SAE class. On the contrary, if the fuel economy you do not care and you like to squeeze the pedal to the floor, choose as thick oil as possible from the fact that it is allowed for your motor. Fat film between driving details - will reduce wear and prevent possible breakdownscaused by extreme operating conditions.

API and ACEA Specifications

In addition to the designations of viscosity, there are other letter notation on the labels beginning with letters. This marking leads its pedigree from the United States, which is why the requirements for pouring oil corresponding to a specific API class can be found primarily from American and Asian car brands. Letting the API marking decryption. API classification divides oil into two main categories:

• S (Service) suggests that this oil is intended for gasoline engines passenger cars, minibuses and small load trucks;
• Oil category C (Commercial) is used in diesel engines of commercial vehicles.

After the letter S indicates the "version" of the specification A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, L, N (Each improvement in the specification is indicated by the new letter of the Latin alphabet). As a rule, the later specification, the higher the level of the main operational properties of the oil. Only oils with the latest specifications are suitable for newest engines. At the expense of the opposite there are contradictory opinions. Despite the fact that the API assures in backward compatibility, many retro-automatic owners use the oils of early, and even canceled categories.

Standardized API Marking in United States

After the letter C (diesel), the level of the main operational properties of the oil is indicated, which is indicated by the letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J. Additionally, after the letter, the digit indicates the type of diesel engine: 2 - Two-stroke, 4 - four-stroke. Currently, classes are mainly used: CF, CF-2, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CJ-4. Oils at later categories, more expensive and designed primarily for cars with exhaust cleaning system (catalyst, EGR, diesel filter)

In the US, a certain type of marking API is required in the illustration. (1) - category API (2) Viscosity class (3) Designation - that oil is environmentally friendly / resource-saving. The API Special Commission regularly checks oil in stores, reveals and punishes marking violators, and those whose oil does not correspond to the level of the claimed specification.

In addition to the above, abbreviation can be present in the designation of motor oil - classification of the association of European car manufacturers. According to the specifics of this classification of oil, they are divided into three classes: a / b - for gasoline and diesel engines of passenger cars, C - for gasoline and diesel engines equipped with a catalyst, E - for diesel engines of trucks. An alphabetic designation is followed by a category - a figure that characterizes the level of the main operational properties of this oil. Also at the end of the specification - the year of adoption of the category can be given.

Other specifications

Quite rare, mostly japanese cars You can meet specifications Global DHD I.. Creating these specifications was an attempt to combine the requirements of the API and ACEA with the requirements of Japanese automakers. However, this idea did not receive a special development and the second version did not appear. For Japanese and Korean motorcycles, the specification is distributed . For 2-stroke engines (FA, FB, FC, FD, as the properties increase, and for clear MA and MB). For engine hydrocycles and snowmobiles - oriented to the specification NMMA.

Now you can easily understand the labeling features on the labels canister with engine oils. If nevertheless, something is incomprehensible and the questions remained - ask in the comments, I will definitely answer. Attention: due to the large number of automatic spam comments on premocodents, i.e. Your question will be published when I respond to him (I do it about once a week). If you want to receive an oil brand recommendation please specify a car model, engine characteristics (diesel or gasoline, volume, model, year), operating conditions, which oil is filled now, which recommendations are written in the service book).

Motor oils by definition cannot comply with the Unified Standard. Various engines and types of gearboxes, operating conditions - all these factors are forced to produce technical fluids with different parameters.

So that consumers (auto plants and car owners) are not configured to compatibility of consumables with aggregates, it was decided to create a quality standards system.

Initially, oils were classified only by viscosity (SAE). Then the API quality system was created (American Petroleum Institute), which was used in North America.

Immediately after its introduction, the Association of European Engineers a similar classification of ACEA oils was developed, for the European market. Both standards exist in parallel, not conflicting with each other.

What does the standard say

The classification of motor oil on ACEA was designed to lobby the interests of European automakers. In addition, several concerns from the United States with branches in Europe entered the "support group".

Here is an incomplete list of founders of the Standard: BMW, Volkswagen AG, Porshe, Daimler, Land Rover, Jaguar, Fiat, PSA, Renault, Ford-Europe, GM-Europe, Crysler-Europe, Toyota, Man, Volvo, Saab-Scania, DAF. As deciphered (more precisely, what information does the standard carries in itself)?

What to pay attention to when buying a motor oil - Video Consultation

If the SAE abbreviation speaks only viscosity, then in ACEA compatibility data is laid with specific engines. Moreover, lists of compatible units are agreed with car concerns - participants of the certification program.

In classification according to the ASE standard, minimal basic requirements for oil quality are laid. That is, their observance (in contrast to the selection by SAE), guarantees the trouble-free operation of the motor or gearbox. In addition, this classification provides information on the following parameters and properties:

• basic base;
• a set of additional additives;
• chemical composition;
• physical properties;
• purpose (type of fuel, load on the engine, operating conditions of the aggregate).

Marking and their meanings

The classification of motor oils by ACEA can be applied to packaging along with other standards, such as API, ILSAC and GOST.

Important! From the point of view of the consumer, this particular certificate guarantees high quality. Conditions for testing oils To obtain the ACEA specification, significantly higher, in comparison with the rest of the standards. European requirements of tougher North American, Asian and Russian.

Despite the compactness of the classifier (for example, AEA A1 / B1), there is enough voluminous information into the abbreviation. During the existence of the standard (starting since 1996), the layout of characters changed several times.

The first certification options assumed a separate labeling for gasoline and diesel engines (ACEA A or ACEA B). Starting from 2004, all oils presented to obtain admission are simultaneously tested for all types of fuel.

It makes no sense to remember abbreviations with mono tolerance, such consumables are no longer produced.

Modern oils certified at once for all types of fuel are labeled with an indication of the class by fraction: for example, ACEA A1 / B1.

Main classification of oils according to ACEA standard (including outdated)

1. Class A - certified compatibility with power plants operating only on gasoline. The content of sulfur and sulfate ash is higher than modern EURO environmental safety standards.
2. Class B - admission is suitable for heavy fuel engines. Load class on diesel force aggregate: "Light Duty", that is, light and medium. The percentage of sulfate ash is reduced to modern norms, the sulfur content is quite high.
3. Class C - Standard is designed for a fairly large line of motors. Works with gasoline engines equipped with a catalytic neutralizer, as well as with diesel engines equipped with summer filter. It is characterized by the average and low content of sulfate ash and sulfur, oil meets the high requirements of environmental safety.
4. Class E is a fairly narrow standard, intended for the powerful diesel engines working in the difficult conditions "Heavy Duty".

Detailed ACEA Classification

After 2012, ACEA introduced many additional subclasses:

• For passenger cars equipped with diesel and gasoline engines. Measures small and average load. 4 categories of Motor Oil ACEA: A3 / B4, A1 / B1, A3 / B3, A5 / B5;
• For commercial diesel engineering and heavy trucks of category from C1 to C4, the engine must comply with EURO 4 environmental standards;
• For motors operating on any fuel, in the presence of in the design of exhaust gas purification systems (catalyst, DPF) - another 4 categories: E4, E6, E7, E9.

The last figure denotes a consistent increase in class and compatibility class. If the ACEA A3 / B3 oil is prescribed in the power setting, then ACEA A5 / B5 can be poured into it. No backward compatibility.

Details about Classes ACEA - Video

The most sought-after categories with decoding:

• A1 / B1 - stable to bundle oil, are designed to prolong the replacement interval. Minor friction losses. The main use is gasoline and diesel engines working on small loads. The classifier is not universal - you should study the tolerances of the car manufacturer.
• A3 / B3 - designed for petrol engines With a high degree of forcing, including turbine. When operating S. diesel fuel On the contrary, used on low-loaded internal combustion engine. Universal weather exploitation, increased replacement intervals.
• A3 / B4 - Development of the previous specification: Work is allowed on turbocharged diesel engines with high forcing. Have backward compatibility with A3 / B3.
• A5 / B5 is a relatively fresh standard that has enjoyed advantages (more precisely - requirements) of previous classifications. In addition to environmental tolerances, oil refers to the category of highly economical. In addition, the lubricant is practically not consumed "on the Ear". It has backward compatibility with previous classes. The exception is only the lack of compatibility with specific engines (indicated in the instructions for regulatory work).

Important! If there are several quality standards on packaging with motor oil, it is better to navigate exactly on ACEA.

Lubricating oils are used by a person of 3.5 thousand years. Even the simplest cars need them. Before the appearance of oil and products of its processing, vegetable and animal fats were used. For example, during the operation of steam machines, rapeseed oil was used. This material adheres well to metal surfaces and is not washed with water and ferry.

In 1859, oil refining products appeared, served as the basis for creating mineral oils. With the advent of polymer modifiers of viscosity, a transition from summer and winter to all-season compositions was possible.

Types of motor oils

The product is a composition of materials. It consists of two parts: it is the base oil and additive complex. The latter provide the variety of product properties. Depending on the production method basic oil It is divided into three types.

1. Mineral, obtained from oil (Mineral).

2. Synthetic, resulting in complex petrochemical synthesis. Marking of synthetic engine oil - FULLY SYNTHETIC. The most qualitative and expensive.

3. Mineral-based semi-synthetic with the addition of highly efficient synthetic components (semi-synthetic). Reasonable compromise price / quality ratio.

Synthetic oils have a number of advantages in relation to mineral.

Purpose

The main purpose of lubrication is the formation of fine and at the same time durable film on the surface of the rubbing parts to prevent direct contact of their micronether. Thus, wear comes down to a minimum.

Appointment of motor oils: universal, for gasoline and diesel engines. Separate group - for two-stroke power plants. This is evidenced by the corresponding marking of motor oils: the value "Diesel", "2t" or "2 TACT". Her absence indicates a universal application.

Choice

How to choose the marking contains many indicators, but the consumer is interested in two of them:

Quality level (whether it is suitable for a specific car);

Viscosity (whether it is suitable for a certain season and climate).

A special approach requires new, modern cars.

Answers to two main questions gives marking of engine oil. Decryption of it - in the generally accepted indexing system.

There are several of them. Most often, three - SAE, API and ACEA are used. Sometimes ilsac is added to them.

SAE standard

Classification is based on viscous characteristics. They are in this system - the main.

SAE (Association of Automotive Engineers of America) establishes, which range of viscosity indicators includes engine oil.

Marking uses this indicator measured in conventional units. What it is more, the higher the viscosity.

Standard Sets three groups of oils: summer, winter and all-season. The latter is most common.

From the title different species It becomes clear that on this label based on the SAE standard, you can only find out one thing: whether oil is suitable for use in a specific season in certain climatic conditions or not. Just this.

The standard sets three groups of oils. They differ in seasonality of use.

1. 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W - Winter oils. Their six. The parameter with the index W (WINTER) is "Winter". What it is less, the more effective "cold" use. Minimum value - 0.

2. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 - summer oils. Five them. The parameter without sign W - "Summer". Shows the preservation of viscosity while increasing the temperature. Than this parameter is higher, the more efficient the use of oil in the heat. Maximum value - 60.

3. 10W-50, etc. - all-season. The number of them - 23.

For example, the 5W30 marking means that it is all-season use. It is recommended to use in the range of air temperatures from -30 to +20 degrees.

So, what information characterizing motor oil, SAE marking gives the consumer?

These are information on the temperature characteristics of the environment under which the following is ensured:

1. Scrolling crankshaft a regular electric starter at a cold start.

2. Oil pumping mode through engine highways. When cold start, it must provide a pressure at which dry friction in the pairing is eliminated.

3. Reliable lubrication in summer in conditions of long-term work in hard mode.

API classification

Developer - American Institute of Petroleum products. API allows you to choose an oil for the car depending on the year of its manufacture. After all, the process of improving machines, which consists in the release of more high-speed, lungs and perfect engines, continuously.

Classification is focused on cars produced in America.

Adopted letter marking of engine oil. Decoding is such. S (Service) - gasoline, c (commercial) - diesel. Performance Indicates the second label letter, in order from A and further - as quality improves. For example, the SJ class was introduced quite recently. At the same time, he pushed sh. SJ classification is assigned expensive and high-quality oils on a synthetic basis. They are designed for the most modern machines.

Cheaper SH in some parameters are inferior to SJ, they are ideal for cars production of 1994-1989 and earlier. The SF class is focused on older fat and simple motors.

Universal Engine Oil: Marking Dual, for example: SF / CC, CD / SF, etc. SF / CC - "Rather gasoline", CD / SF- "Rather diesel". Example - in the photo.

Due to the dynamic development of diesel engines, their complication occurs: the equipment of turbocharged, etc. For such power plants, special solutions are required. Therefore, the leading manufacturers include in an assortment of oils for diesel engines. These compositions receive a special labeling "Diesel".

In a separate group, oils for gasoline power plants with energy saving function are isolated. They have an additional EU designation (ENERGY CONSERVING).

Classification of the Association of European Automakers (ACEA)

It is characterized by more stringent requirements for the quality of oils. This is due to the fact that in Europe specific operating conditions of cars and several other engine designs.

ACEA classification characterizes the operation of motor oil in high temperatures.

ACEA allocates four classes with marking A, B, C, E. Designed for gasoline, diesel engines, as well as power plants equipped with neutralizers.

The classification in a separate group allocates energy-saving oils. They have some features. When using them, fuel economy is achieved by reducing the thickness of the oil film at high operating temperatures. Some, mostly Japanese, engines are designed precisely under such brands. Energy-saving oils are used only in cases where they are recommended by the car manufacturer. So, BMW and Mercedes-Benz advise them at all do not apply these brands on the machines.

What does the marking of motor oils via ACEA? Classes A and B in the aspect of energy saving are marked equally. What does it mean? Classes A1, A5, B1 and B5 - energy-saving. The rest are standard oils. This is A2, A3, B2, B3 and B4. Energy saving oils are not used in old cars. They require more reliable protection.

Double marking, as A3 / B4, is used to designate universal oils (gasoline or diesel).

A significant part of American and some European automakers are recommended for their compositions compositions corresponding to ACEA A3 / B4, the Japanese concern - ACEA A1 / B2 or A5 / B5.

Classification of ilsac

The brainchild of two Associations of automakers - Japan and America. Has three classes of oils that provide energy saving and intended for passenger petrol cars. Marking: GF-1, GF-2 and GF-3.

These oils are optimally suitable for cars from the rising sun. For the American selected by ILSAC, the API is equivalent.

API and ASA classification establish oil performance. Moreover, their values \u200b\u200bare minimally permissible. Despite the fact that the manufacturers of oils and additives are coordinated with the manufacturers of car manufacturers, they are not always satisfied with the manufacturers. Tests on standard methods cannot fully take into account the features of the operation of new modern engines. Therefore, automakers reserve the right to formulate their specifications that put forward special requirements.

Conducting tests of oils on its engines, they are either pick them up, guided by one of the generally accepted classifications, or develop their own norms indicating the brands that are most suitable and allowed.

Specifications of automakers are mandatory indicated on the package next to the labeling class of operational properties. This requirement is carried out strictly.

All over the world adopted a single marking of engine oil. The decoding of it gives an unequivocal answer to the question about the scope of product.

Consider on the example. So, the marking of the oil of motor 5W40.

This is a synthetic composition for all-season exploitation at air temperature from -30 to +35 degrees.

According to the CJ-4 API classification, oil is used for vehicles manufactured after 2006 and equipped with high-speed diesel engines that comply with emission standards from 2007. Used when working on fuel, which contains no more than 0.05% sulfur. Effective for vehicles with and exhaust recycling system. When working on high-quality, containing no more than 0.0015% sulfur fuel, provides an increased mileage before replacing.

Thus, the Motor 5W40 oil marking indicated on the package contains a sufficient amount of information to determine its suitability for operation on specific car models.

Types of motor oils - decoding of engine oil

Oil, which is called "Synthetics" (on the box is usually indicated as Fully Synthetic), has a synthetic base obtained by synthesizing chemical elements. The main differences between "synthetics" - the ability to set a number of parameters in advance, while creating the base of the oil, as well as the maximum content of various additives. Therefore, often such oils provide better defense and detergent properties are not very thick strong frosts, withstand maximum operating temperatures.

« Mineralwood"(Often on the box designation Mineral), oil with a mineral base derived from oil by processing it, it is much cheaper. However, such an oil does not provide the same maximal operations as "synthetics" - it does not withstand such high temperatures, it thickly thick in the cold, it is oxidized faster and requires replacement, during boiling - leaves slags in the motor.

« Semi-synthetic"(SEMI-Synthetic designation) is a certain gold mediteral between the two previous oil species. Often the semi-synthetic is created on a mineral basis, but with the addition of a large number of different additives, bringing the operational properties of this oil to the "synthetics". At the same time, the "semi-synthetic" is somewhat cheaper than "synthetics".

Motor oil allocate two main parameters for which its classification is carried out - its area of \u200b\u200buse (diesel engine, old gasoline engine, modern turbo diesel, etc.) and viscosity-temperature properties. Despite the various bases of oils, they are all classified according to one standards. Today, the most popular classification by SAE and API.

The viscosity-temperature properties are classified only by SAE (SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS) - in other words, it is the indicator of SAE regulates how "thick" or "liquid". Most of the oils today are "universal", i.e. Suitable for winter, and for summer use. Their SAE class is written by two digits through a hyphen, with the letter in the span w - for example 10W-40. The letter W means that this oil is suitable for winter use, and the figure in front of it is an indicator of low-temperature viscosity (roughly speaking - what frost will withstand this oil). The second digit is an indicator of high-temperature viscosity (i.e., what summer heat can withstand oil). However, if the oil is only suitable for summer use, then its designation will look, for example, as SAE 30.

Decryption of motor oil - SAE numbers

Low-temperature viscosity indicators mean the following:

* 0W- The oil is suitable for use in frosts up to -35-30 degrees. FROM
* 5w- The oil is suitable for use in frosts up to -30-25 degrees. FROM
* 10w- The oil is suitable for use in frosts up to -25-20 degrees. FROM
* 15w- The oil is suitable for use in frosts up to -20-15 degrees. FROM
* 20w- The oil is suitable for use in frosts up to -15-10 degrees. FROM

High-temperature viscosity indicators mean the following:

* 30 - The oil is suitable for use with heat to + 20-25 degrees. FROM
* 40 The oil is suitable for use with heat to + 35-40 degrees. FROM
* 50 The oil is suitable for use with heat to + 45-50 degrees. FROM
* 60 Oil is suitable for use with heat to +50 degrees. C and higher

The smaller the number - the "fat" oil, the larger the figure - the more thick. Thus, the oil of 10W-30 can be used at ambient temperature from -20-25 degrees of frost, to + 20-25 degrees of heat.

Decoding of engine oil - Figures API

The area of \u200b\u200boil use is classified mainly by API (American Petroleum Institute) - the API designation is set to two letters (for example, SJ or CF), the first of which denotes the engine type: S-gasoline motor, C-diesel. The second letter specifies the conditions for the use of oil - modern engine Or old, with a turbine or without. If the oil is indicated by the SJ / CF API means, it is also suitable for gasoline and for diesel engines of this category.

The designations of the API for gasoline engines:

* SC - Cars, Development until 1964
* SD - Cars, Development 1964-1968
* SE - Cars, Development 1969-1972
* SF - Cars, Development 1973-1988
* SG - Cars, Developments 1989-1994, For Hard Operating Conditions
* SH - cars, development of 1995-1996, for rigid operating conditions
* SJ - Cars, Developments 1997-2000, Better Energy Saving Properties
* SL - Cars, Development 2001-2003, increased service life
* SM - Development Cars since 2004, SL + Increased oxidation resistance

When changing the oil type, on the classification of the API, you can only go on the increasing, and change the class only on a couple of points. For example, instead of SH use SJ, usually oil more high-class Already contains the necessary additives of the "previous" oil. However, for example, transition to SD (for old cars) on SL (for modern cars) should not - the oil may be too aggressive.

Designations API for diesel engines:

* CB - Cars until 1961, high sulfur content in fuel
* CC - Cars until 1983, working in difficult conditions
* CD - Cars until 1990, a lot of sulfur in fuel and difficult working conditions
* CE - Cars until 1990, Engine with turbine
* CF - Cars since 1990, with turbine
* CG-4 - Cars since 1994, with turbine
* CH-4 - Cars since 1998, under high US toxic standards
* CI-4 - Modern cars, with turbine, with EGR valve
* CI-4 Plus - similar to the previous one, under high US toxic standards

In Europe, the classification of oil on ACEA is often used (European Auto Manufacturers Association). In part, the requirements for oil qualities intersect with the requirements of the API, however, they are more stringent by a number of parameters. Oils for gasoline and diesel engines are denoted by the lettering "A / B" with a certain number after the letter. And the more this figure is the higher the requirements for the oil: for example, the oil with the ACEA A3 / B3 class also has aPI class SL / CF. However, using high-loaded turbine compact motors, Europeans are forced to develop and special oils with maximum protective properties and minimal viscosity (in order to reduce friction losses and improve environmental performance). For example, the ACEA ACEA A5 / B5 class for a number of parameters may be "cooler" API SM / CI-4.

There is also a classification of ISLAC oil (international committee created by Americans and Japanese), but all ISLAC quality standards intersect with API standards. Thus, the ISLAC oil class GL-1 is used for gasoline engines and correspond to API SH oils, ISLAC GL-2 oils are used in gasoline engines and correspond to API SJ, but ISLAC GL-3, as it is not difficult to guess, used in gasoline engines and correspond API SL. Also for Japanese diesel cars The Jaso DX-1 specification can be required, which takes into account the stringent requirements for the quality of motor oils for modern eco-friendly high-loaded Japanese turbo diesel engines.
Video: Are all engine oils are the same?

Watch the video about choosing and replacing machine oil.

Video: Motor oil composition.

Video clip about unique additive in engine oil.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003dj6zt8_su3eq

Tags: Decryption of engine oil, figures SAE and API.

Each car owner should be able to decipher the engine oil marking, applied to the product packaging, because the key to the durable and stable operation of the engine is the use of a qualitative of which comply with all the requirements of the manufacturer's plant. Such major requirements are made by them due to the fact that the oils have to work in a wide temperature range and under high pressure.

From this article you will find out:

Marking of engine oil contains all the necessary information for the right choice, it just needs to be able to decipher

To streamline and simplify the oil selection procedure for a particular type of engine according to the required characteristics and tasks assigned to it, a number of international standards have been developed. World oil manufacturers use such generally accepted classifications:

• ACEA;
• ILSAC;
• GOST.

Each of the types of labeling oils has its own history and market share, deciphering the value of which, allows you to navigate in the choice of the required lubricating fluid. In the main one, we use three types of classification - this API and ACEA, and also, naturally, GOST.

Mix 2 main class of engine oils, depending on the type of engine: gasoline or diesel, although there is also universal oil. The destination data is always indicated on the label. Any engine oil consists of a basic composition (), which is its basis, and certain additives. The base of the lubricating fluid is oil fractions that are obtained by refining oil or artificially. Therefore, the chemical composition is divided into:

• mineral;
• semi-synthetic;
• synthetic.

On the canister, along with another labeling, always indicate and Him. structure.

What can be on the label canister with butter:

1. Viscosity class SAE.
2. Specifications API. and Acea..
3. Tolerances automakers.
4. Barcode.
5. Part number and production date.
6. Pseudo-surcharge (not generally accepted standard labeling, but is used as a marketing course, for example, Fully SynTetic, HC, with the addition of smart molecules, etc.).
7. Special categories of motor oils.

To help buy exactly what will approach the engine of your car is best, we will decipher the most important label Motor oil.

Marking of motor oils by SAE

The most important characteristic that is indicated in the label on the canister - the SAE classification viscosity coefficient is an international standard that regulates with positive and minus temperatures (boundary value).

In accordance with the SAE standard, the oil is designated in XW-Y format, where X and Y are some numbers. First number - This is the conditional designation of the minimum temperature at which the oil normally pumps through the channels, and the engine is scrolled without difficulty. Letter W means the English word Winter - Winter.

Second number Conditionally means the minimum and maximum value of the boundary of the high-temperature viscosity of the oil when it is heated to the operating temperature (+ 100 ... + 150 ° C). The value of the number above, the more thick when heated, and vice versa.

Therefore, oils are necessarily divided into three types depending on the value of viscosity:

• winter oilsThey are more flowable and ensure trouble-free engine launch during the cold season. In the designation of the SAE indicator of such an oil, the letter "w" will be present (for example, 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, etc.). To understand the boundary value you need to take away the number 35. In hottime, such oil is not able to provide lubricating film and maintain the necessary pressure in oil system due to the fact that at high temperature its turnover is excessive;
• summer oils It is used when the average daily temperature is not lower than 0 ° C, since its kinematic viscosity is high enough to increase the desired value for good lubrication of the engine parts. At minus temperatures, the start of the engine with such a high viscosity is impossible. The summer brands of oils are denoted by a numerical value without letters (for example: 20, 30, 40, and further; the greater the number, the higher the viscosity). The population thickness is measured in centistoxes at 100 degrees (for example, a value of 20 speaks of a boundary thickness of 8-9 centistox at a motor temperature of 100 ° C);
• all-season oils Most popular because they are capable of working both for minus and positive temperatures, the boundary value of which is specified in the decoding of the SAE indicator. Such oil has a double designation (example: SAE 15W-40).

When choosing an oil viscosity (from your car allowed to use in the engine), you need to be guided by such a rule: the more mileage / older motor - the greater there should be a high-temperature oil viscosity.

The viscous characteristics are the very first and important element of the classification and marking of motor oils, but not the only one - choose oil purely by viscosity is not correct. Always it is necessary to choose the correct attitude of the properties. Oils and conditions for its operation.

Each oil besides viscosity has a different set of operational properties (detergents, antioxidant properties, anti-wear, tendency to the emergence of various deposits, corrosion activity and others). They allow you to determine the possible area of \u200b\u200btheir application.

In the API classification, the main indicators are: engine type, motor operation, operational properties of oil, conditions of application and year of release. The standard provides for the separation of oils into two categories:

• Category "S" - shows intended for gasoline engines;
• Category "C" - indicates the purpose for diesel vehicles.

How to decipher API marking?

As already found out, the designation API can begin with the letter S or C, which will talk about the type of engine in which you can pour, and another letter of the oil class designation showing the level of operational properties.

According to this classification, the labeling of the engine oil marking is carried out as follows:

• abbreviation EC.which is immediately after API, denote energy-saving oils;
• roman numerals After this abbreviation speak about the level of fuel economy;
• letter S. (Service) means applications oils for gasoline engines;
• letter C. (Commercial) are designated;
• after one of these letters follows the level of operational properties indicated by letters from A (most low level) to N. and further (the higher the alphabetic order of the second letter in the designation, the higher the class of oil);
• universal oil has the letters of both categories via oblique line (for example: API SL / CF);
• the labeling API for diesel is divided into two-stroke (digit 2 at the end) and 4-stroke (digit 4).

Those motor oil, who passed the test API / SAE and comply with the requirements of the current quality categories, denote on labels round graphic sign. At the top there is an inscription - "API" (API Service), in the middle of the SAE viscosity, as well as the possible degree of energy saving.

When using oil through "its" specification, the wear and risk of the engine breakdown decreases, the "avgar" of oil, fuel consumption decreases, the noise is reduced, the driving characteristics of the engine (especially at low temperatures) are improved, and the service life of the catalyst and the exhaust cleaning system increases.

Classifications ACEA, GOST, ILSAC and how to decrypt designation

ACEA classification was developed by the Association of European Automobiles. It contains operational properties, destination and category of engine oil. ACEA classes are also divided into diesel and gasoline.

The last edition of the standard provides for the separation of oils into categories and 12 classes:

• A / B. – gasoline and diesel engines passenger cars, vans, minibuses (A1 / B1-12, A3 / B3-12, A3 / B4-12, A5 / B5-12);
• C. – gasoline and diesel engines with catalyst exhaust gases (C1-12, C2-12, C3-12, C4-12);
• E. – diesel engines trucks cars (E4-12, E6-12, E7-12, E9-12).

In the designation on ACEA, in addition to the engine oil class, the year of its introduction, as well as the publication number (when there were updates of technical requirements). Domestic oils Also undergo certification according to GOST.

Classification of motor oils according to GOST

According to GOST 17479.1-85, motor oils are divided into:

• kinematic viscosity classes;
• groups on operational properties.

By kinematic viscosity Oils are divided into such classes:

• summer - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24;
• winter - 3, 4, 5, 6;
• all-season - 3/8, 4/6, 4/8, 4/10, 5/10, 5/12, 5/14, 6/10, 6/14, 6/16 (first digit indicates a winter class, the second on summer).

In all listed classes, the more numerical value, the greater the viscosity.

In terms of application All engine oils are divided into 6 groups - indicated by the letter "A" to "E".

The index "1" is denoted by oils intended for gasoline engines, index "2" - for diesel, and oils without an index indicate its versatility.

Classification of motor oils by ILSAC

ILSAC - Japan invention of Japan and America, the International Committee for Standardization and Testing of Motor Oils issued five standards of engine oils: ILSAC GF-1, ILSAC GF-2, ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4 and ILSAC GF-5. They are completely similar to the class on the API, the difference is only that the oils appropriate classifications on ILSAC are energy-saving and all-season. This classification is best suited for Japanese cars.

Compliance with Categories of ILSAC relative to the API:

• GF-1. (outdated) - Oil quality requirements similar categories API sh; According to the viscosity of SAE 0W-XX, 5W-XX, 10W-XX, where XX-30, 40, 50,60.
• GF-2 - Maintains the requirement by quality Oil API SJ, and the viscosity of SAE 0W-20, 5W-20.
• GF-3. - is an analog category API SL and enacted since 2001.
• Ilsac GF-4 and GF-5 - respectively sM and SN analogs.

In addition, within the framework of the standard ISLAC for Japanese cars with turbochargers diesel engines , separately used jaso DX-1 class. This marking of automotive oils provides engines modern cars With high ecology parameters and built-in turbines.

IN aPI classifications And Acea formulated the minimum basic requirements that are agreed between oil producers and additives and manufacturers of cars. Because engines designs different marks They differ among themselves, the conditions of oil work in them are not entirely the same. Some main engine manufacturers have developed their own classification system. motor oils so-called tolerancesthat complements the ACEA classification system, with its own test engines and tests in the field. Engine manufacturers such as: VW, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Renault, BMW, GM, Porsche and Fiat, preferably enjoy their own approval when choosing an oil for fill in the engine. The operating instructions are necessarily present specification, and their numbers are applied to the oil package, next to the designation of its class of operational properties.

Consider and decipher the most popular and frequent tolerances present in the designations on cannors with engine oils.

Tolerances Concern VAG for passenger cars

VW 500.00 - energy-saving engine oil (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40, etc.), VW 501.01 - All-season, intended for use in ordinary gasoline engines, produced up to 2000, and VW 502.00 - for turbocharged.

Tolerance VW 503.00 It includes that this oil for gasoline engines with the viscosity of SAE 0W-30 and with an enthusiastic replacement interval (up to 30 thousand km), and if exhaust system With a three-component neutralizer, then the engine is poured into the engine with the VW 504.00 tolerance.

For Volkswagen cars, Audi and Skoda with diesel engines, a group of oils with tolerances are provided. VW 505.00 for TDI motorsproduced until 2000; VW 505.01 Recommended for PDE engines with pump-nozzle.

Energy Saving Engine Oil Viscosity Class 0W-30 with tolerance VW 506.00 It has an increased replacement interval (for V6 TDI motors up to 30 thousand km, 4-cylinder TDI to 50 thousand). Recommended for use for diesel engines of the new generation (after 2002 release). For turbocharged motors and pump-nozzle PD-TDI, it is recommended to pour oil with tolerance VW 506.01 Having the same extended replacement interval.

Mercedes passenger car tolerances

Mercedes-Benz autoconecern also has its tolerances. For example, engine oil with designation MB 229.1 It is intended for diesel and gasoline engines Mercedes issued since 1997. Tolerance MB 229.31 entered into actions later and corresponds sAE Specifications 0W-, SAE 5W- with additional requirements that limit the sulfur and phosphorus content. MB 229.5. - It is energy-saving oil with extended service life, both for diesel and gasoline engines.

Motor oil tolerances BMW

BMW Longlife-98 Such a tolerance has a car intended for filling into the engine of machines manufactured since 1998. The enlarged service interval of the replacement is provided. Complies with the basic requirements of ACEA A3 / B3. For engines released at the end of 2001, it is recommended to use oil with admission BMW Longlife-01. Specification BMW Longlife-01 Fe It provides for the use of a car during operation in difficult conditions. BMW Longlife-04 It is applied to use in modern BMW motors.

Motor Oil Tolerances for Renault

Tolerance RENAULT RN0700. It was introduced in 2007 and complies with the basic requirements: ACEA A3 / B4 or ACEA A5 / B5. RENAULT RN0710. performs requirements for ACEA A3 / B4, and RENAULT RN 0720. ACEA C3 plus additional Renault. Tolerance RN0720. Designed for use in diesel engines last generation with sump filters.

Ford tolerance

Motor sAE oil 5W-30 having tolerance Ford WSS-M2C913-A, It is intended for primary and service replacement. This oil meets the classification by ILSAC GF-2, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98 and additional requirements Ford.

Oil with admission Ford M2C913-B It is intended for primary fill or service replacement in gasoline and diesel engines. It also meets all the requirements of ILSAC GF-2 and GF-3, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98.

Tolerance Ford WSS-M2C913-D was introduced in 2012, butters with such admission are recommended for all diesel engines Ford. with the exception of ford models KA TDCI, released until 2009 and engines issued between 2000 and 2006. It provides for the possibility of an increased replacement interval and refueling bio-diesel or high-fuede fuel.

Oil having tolerance Ford WSS-M2C934-A Provides an increase in the replacement interval and is intended for filling in cars with a diesel engine and a diesel filter (DPF). Maslo, corresponding specification Ford WSS-M2C948-B, Based on the ACEA C2 class (for gasoline and diesel engines with a catalyst). This tolerance requires an oil with a viscosity of 5W-20 and low-formation.

When choosing an oil, you need to remember several of the main points - this right choice The required chemical composition (mineral water, synthetic, semi-synthetic), viscosity classification parameter, and know the necessary requirements for a set of additives (defined in API and ASA classifications). Also on the label should contain information for which brands of cars fit this product. It is no less important to pay attention to the additional designations of the engine oil. For example, Long Life marking suggests that the oil is suitable for machines with an increased replacement service interval. Also among the features of some formulations, compatibility with engines having turbocharging, intercooler, recycling gas cooling, GDM phases and valve lifting height.