“You can't spoil porridge with butter,” as the popular wisdom known to us says. I would like, of course, to say the same about cars, replacing the word "porridge" with "motor", but alas, everything is not as simple as we would like. If the oil is selected incorrectly, then a "heart attack" is guaranteed for your "metal stallion". And here ensure continuous reliable operation of the engine will help engine oil, which is correctly selected for your car.
Therefore, it is not enough just to change the engine oil, it is important to always fill it correctly and fill it only from the very beginning and the entire further period of operation of your car. Everyone who going to change the oil both in the near future and in the future, we recommend that you delve into our tips for choosing the right engine oil.
Colorful and beautiful advertisements on TV and located on the spreads and covers of glossy magazines praise us in every way these or those brands of motor oils, that numerous scientific and technological tests of them were carried out and the like.
And about the opinions of familiar "experts" who repeat one thing or the other, just simply even more confusing from too much information... You can make your choice easier by freeing your head from all sorts of unnecessary advice. To do this, it is enough just to take and, after thinking well, figure out everything, solving the problem of choice.
It's worth spending first small overview all types of motor oils. According to their composition, they are divided into four main types.
Main types of motor oils
Mineral motor oils The traditional base of classic motor oils is a mineral component. But this type of engine oil often does not meet modern oil change requirements and does not provide harsh performance characteristics motors.
Semi-synthetic engine oils These oils are similar in composition to the previous ones, since they are produced on a mineral basis, but with an admixture of synthetic components. "Synthetics" improves the properties of mineral oils when starting a cold engine in winter, cleans the engine well and prevents rapid engine wear.
Synthetic engine oils Synthetic oils serve as the base base for the manufacture of advanced engine oils. Motor oils based on synthetic components are suitable for both gasoline and diesel units. They do an excellent job of preventing engine wear, providing optimal lubrication during cold starts, keeping the engine clean and minimizing friction. They meet the highest API quality standards and vehicle manufacturer approvals.
Multigrade engine oils This type of oil is good for temperate climates and can be used all year round. In winter, these oils are not subject to strong thickening, and in summer heat they do not thin to a large extent.
Classification of engine oils
SAE classification
One of the most important properties of engine oil is its viscosity and how the minimum and maximum ambient temperatures affect it. The correspondence of the viscosity-temperature properties of oils to certain requirements of engines in international classification SAE J300. According to her oils can be divided into winter: six types (OW, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W and 25W) and summer five viscosity grades (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60).
All-season engine oils are marked with a double number. The first number indicates the minimum at the most low temperatures, guaranteeing the starting properties of the engine. The second number shows the kinematic viscosity range at 100 degrees Celsius and dynamic at 150 degrees... Evaluation of the properties of oils according to SAE J300 is carried out through tests that give you, as a consumer, information about the limiting temperatures at which the engine can be started and the oil pumped in the cold start mode, which does not allow dry friction in the nodes of its increased capability. Synthetic motor oils are produced under the SAE viscosity grade.
We would like to draw your attention to the fact that the ranges of extreme temperatures of this class of oils for different engines are strikingly different. This is affected by the power of the starter, the minimum starting frequency of the crankshaft required to start the engine, performance oil pump, operational and technological factors.
For most engines, you can pre-recommend choosing from the following oils: - if your car with mileage less than 25% of the planned engine resource, then it is better to use oil of SAE 5W-30 or all-weather 10W-30;
If the engine resource is 25-75%, then it is advisable to use oils of the SAE 10W-40, 15W-40 classes in summer, in winter period- SAE 5W-30 and 10W-30, and SAE 5W-40 - all-season;
With an engine resource of more than 75%, in summer - SAE 15W-40 and 20W-40 in winter - SAE 5W-40 and 10W-40 and all-season - SAE 5W-40.
API classification
API - first classification car oils according to their operational properties and application, it was proposed back in 1947 by the Petroleum Institute in America. According to her, oils are divided into two categories - "S" and "C". Category "S" (Service) means oils that are used in 4-stroke gasoline engines. Category - "C" (Commercial) - diesel engines, road construction and agricultural machinery.
"S" - (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ and SL);
"C" - (CA, CB, CC, CD, CD-II, CE, CF, CF-2, CF-4, CG-4 and CH-4). The class designation numbers (CD-II, CF-2, CF-4, CG-4 and CH-4) respectively indicate their use in two-stroke and four-stroke diesel engines. There are also universal oils with double marking SF / CC, SG / CD, CF-4 / SH, which are applicable to both diesel and gasoline engines.
ACEA classification
The Association of Automotive Manufacturers from European Countries (ACEA) introduced its own, radically new classification of motor oils in 2002 based on European test methods, as well as using the already proven American physicochemical and motor methods according to SAE, ASTM and API.
Now all new oils must meet the most modern ACEA-2002 requirements. This association includes the leading venerable automotive giants - Ford of Europe, DAF, Peugeot, Renault, General Motors Europe, MAN, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Saab-Scania, Rolls-Royce, Rover, Volkswagen, FIAT, Volvo and others. Classification ACEA distinguishes three categories of motor oil use- A, B and E:
BUT - quality oils for gasoline engines, which in turn are subdivided into three levels - A1, A2, and A3;
B - oils for diesel engines passenger cars and vans built on their base. Oils are divided into four subcategories - В1, В2, ВЗ and В4;
E - oils for heavy trucks. They also have four subcategories under them - E1, E2, EZ and E4.
What is the difference between oils?
Viscosity is an essential property of automotive engine oils. The way it changes depending on the temperature regime and sets the boundaries of the temperature range at which this or that oil can be used. At low temperatures, the oil should remain at a very low viscosity index. At high, the opposite is true. According to the value of the viscosity coefficient and how it changes in accordance with the temperature regime, oils are divided into:
Winter - oils with a minimum viscosity, providing trouble-free cold engine start, but not intended for effective engine lubrication at sufficiently high temperatures;
Summer - oils that are not able to provide a cold start at ambient temperatures below zero degrees. But, having good viscosity, they effectively lubricate the engine in the summer heat;
All-season - oils with the qualities of winter and summer oils... Their viscosity is controlled relative to the ambient temperature. They are more viscous in summer and less viscous in winter. All-season oils are out of competition over the two previous types of oils in two ways: the first is time and cost savings, because you do not need to buy two bottles different oils and change it by looking at the thermometer; second, these oils are more energy efficient.
In addition to viscosity characteristics, engine oil is also determined by operating oil. Such as: anti-wear and washer, anti-corrosion and antioxidant.
But viscosity is definitely the first and fundamental element that classifies motor oils. All kinds of additives significantly increase the cost of motor oils. Therefore, correctly determine what exactly you need, so as not to overpay for additional characteristics that will not be used to the fullest extent of their purpose.
Which oil for which engines?
As mentioned above, there are three different classification systems for motor oils, but the most used and common ones are American and European. The classification of engine oils is established by test in motors or propulsion systems. In this way, all the most important properties of oils are assessed, which will be further certified.
So, let's look at which oils and for which engines it is recommended to fill in according to the American API classification.
For gasoline engines: SG (1989), SH (1993), SJ (1996), SL (2001), SM (2004) - the numbers in brackets indicate the year of the engine's production, more precisely, from which year of the engine's production, API recommends using a specific oil class ...
For diesel engines: CD (1955), CD-II (1987), CE (1987), CF (1994), CF-2 (1994), CF-4 (1990), CG-4 (1995), CH-4 (1998) , CI-4 (2002). The numbers 2 and 4, respectively, indicate the engine stroke.
If you see a value on the label with both markings, for example, SJ / CH-4, then this means that the oil is universal and can be used both in gasoline engines and diesel. Also in the API classification there is EC1, EC2 marking - this means that these oils have energy saving properties, which means reduced fuel consumption. And the higher the marking coefficient, the greater the energy-saving properties of the oil.
Now let's look at which oils and for which engines it is recommended to fill in according European classification ACEA:
Oils for cars, vans and minibuses with gasoline engines are as follows: A1-96, A2-96, A3-96, A4-98, A5-2002.
Oils for cars, vans and minibuses with diesel engines are as follows: B1-96; B2-96; B3-96, B4-98, B5-2002.
Oils for use in engines of large trucks, trucks and road trains are as follows: E1-96, E2-96, E3-96, E4-98, E4-99, E5-99.
In 2004, ACEA introduced new class oils - "C", which is universal for all types of engines.
The question "how to find out which oil to pour into the engine" is asked not only by beginners, but also experienced car owners... It is impossible to unequivocally recommend that drivers use semi-synthetics, mineral water or synthetics, since there are many nuances that you need to know in order to correctly determine the product used for car engine.
Varieties
Currently, several types of motor oil are used, the main difference between them is in the manufacturing technology, as well as in the chemical composition.
- Mineral. It is obtained from natural petroleum raw materials, therefore, such a product contains a large amount of natural hydrocarbons. It is characterized by instability, any external factors negatively affect the technical parameters.
In order to find out what kind of oil is poured into the engine, you need to know its main characteristics: viscosity, additives, recommendations of the car manufacturer.
Advice! To improve the quality of the mineral product, numerous short-term additives have been invented.
How to find out
If you buy a used car and trust the seller, you can address this question to him. Otherwise, immediately read the documents for the car, see the manufacturer's recommendations. Note that there is no guarantee that the first owner used exactly the product described in the instructions for use. The only way out is to completely drain the used mixture, replace it with a new one according to the tips that you will find in technical passport on the car.
Among the distinguishing features of oils are smell and color. The color is light yellow and red and depends on the dye that is included in the composition; some car owners are trying to determine the brand using it. In the process of application, staining occurs in a transparent - Brown color , which makes it difficult to identify the brand. Do not forget that when replacing the used oil, some of the substance still remains, this affects the smell and color of the future product.
You can also find out the type of motor fuel that is used in a used car by its viscosity, since each has its own characteristics. Automakers now do not indicate clear brands of motor oils, they only write that the engine is filled with a "branded" product. The reason for this trick is an understandable desire to keep their customers on the "service needle", to force customers to buy only an expensive "branded" product when changing engine oil.
Which oil is most suitable for the motor
The oil is selected depending on what type of car engine the vehicle has, mileage, and operating conditions. Modern new injection-type machines running on diesel or gasoline fuel, designed for synthetics for the motor. For used injection engines professionals recommend semisynthetics, since during operation there is an increased waste and its consumption increases.
Attention! It is impractical to pay for an expensive mineral product if the car has significant mileage.
Conclusion
The main task set for any motorist will be to correctly determine a specific brand, for this the above information will help to save personal material resources. The brand is far from important for engine oil, so there is no need to pour an expensive product into your car, because on automotive market you can choose the most budgetary analogue, identical in viscosity and chemical composition. We advise you not to engage in "self-diagnostics", but entrust this procedure to professionals.
How to find out which oil will be better for the engine, we will find out in the following video:
How long can an engine last without oil? The answer is that it is unlikely to last for several minutes, especially under load. And since power units have been and remain in use, the need for technical fluids, in this case, oil will always be.
And since the modern market offers motorists a wide range of consumables, they often face one of the main questions: which oil is better to pour into the engine of your car? For many, this is no longer an easy task, but a real headache.
But first you need to familiarize yourself with some important points that are directly related to the problem. In particular, it is worth studying what types of engine oils manufacturers offer us and what technical characteristics they have.
Varieties of oils
If you draw a parallel, you can make a comparison between the engine and the person. Each of us without water, due to the characteristics of the organism, will not live even a week, then without oil the engine will "die" in a few minutes, under load and even a few seconds. Of course, this is an exaggerated comparison, but it becomes clear that the role of engine oil can hardly be overestimated.
As you know, the main task of this consumable is to lubricate all moving parts and engine parts. It helps to reduce friction, it removes wear products, and also cools the parts of the power unit. Reliability and stability of work largely depends on the specific characteristics of a particular oil, viscosity and other properties.
Video - how to choose a quality engine oil:
Before filling in any oil, it is worth knowing whether it is suitable for specific engine... Because with incompatibility, instead of a long service life, you can get a number of serious problems. IN best case engine characteristics will not change for the better, but in worst engine may fail.
By composition
Depending on the composition, engine oils can be of the following type:
- mineral;
- semi-synthetic;
- synthetic.
Mineral consumable
A lubricant of mineral origin is obtained by distillation of the oil product - fuel oil. In some cases, industrial crops are used for production. At the same time, the technology itself is not so complicated, and therefore the cost of such engine oils is low. This, in turn, does not have the best effect on the quality of the final product due to unstable parameters and high volatility.
But at the same time, some positive traits are present. These oils are stable and efficient. In addition, engine parts have a low degree of destructive effect.
In kind mineral oil does not find application, since its effectiveness is manifested only at room temperature and excludes heavy loads. In this regard, for its use in engines, special additives are required. As a result, lubricant improved anti-corrosion, anti-wear and detergent properties.
The mineral oil itself does not withstand changes in the "room" temperature range and therefore begins to thicken quickly at low temperatures. When using mineral grease in pure form, the engine will become clogged with its combustion products. For this reason, mineral grease contains 12% additives.
For the manufacture of a mineral product, only high quality oil products are used. And before entering the store, it goes through a thorough cleaning process.
The mineral oil used as a lubricant differs in content:
- paraffins (alkaline, cyclic);
- different hydrocarbons:
- cyclane - 75-80%;
- aromatic - 10-15%;
- cyclano-aromatic - 5-15%;
- alkane, unsaturated hydrocarbons - the minimum amount.
The composition may also include oxygen, sulphurous hydrocarbons and a number of resinous-asphalt formations. Since engine oils are highly refined, the content of these components is slightly different from the above values.
The use of additives is fraught with one characteristic drawback - they do not withstand high temperatures and burn out. For this reason, the grease is already losing its properties. This is especially true for engines with considerable mileage.
Semi-synthetic consumable
The semi-synthetic lubricant is based on mineral oil. At the same time, there is no clear regulation on the content of the components of the mixture of oils, therefore, depending on the manufacturer, it contains different percentage synthetics and minerals. As a rule, 50-70% are mineral components, and accordingly 30-50% are synthetic additives.
Semi-synthetic oil has some advantages: firstly, it is much cheaper than synthetic oil, and secondly, technical specifications better than mineral.
There are also disadvantages. Higher price compared to mineral and shorter service life than synthetic material.
It is advisable to use this engine oil in areas with a temperate climate, excluding sudden temperature changes. It is mainly used in diesel engines.
Synthetic consumable
This is the most the best option of all the existing ones. The oil is produced as a result of primary oil refining, which gives it the necessary properties. It is quite fluid, works effectively in a wide temperature range, does not depend on a number of external factors, is stable and does not change its composition throughout its entire service life.
The production of synthetic engine oil is expensive, but it is impossible to do without it when operating equipment in extremely low temperatures. The improved formula endowed the product with the ability to resist oxidation, not to enter into a chemical reaction with engine parts. It also has better fluidity.
A synthetic product can also include additives. Only because of the more improved viscosity indicators, their number is small. Some of them can help reduce fuel consumption. And since at low temperatures such a grease does not thicken, then.
Summing up, we can highlight the following strengths of synthetics:
- improved viscosity;
- low volatility;
- better fluidity at negative temperatures;
- work efficiency at high temperatures;
- long service life.
With all the advantages, the disadvantage is also present and it lies only in the high cost. But it's worth it when you consider that frequent replacement is not required. As a result, the difference in price will not be significant.
By season
Also, engine oil can be:
- summer;
- winter;
- all-season.
Summer
Features a higher viscosity to ensure efficient powertrain operation in high temperature conditions. Only it is highly discouraged to start engines with such oil if the temperature is below 0 degrees. These oils are produced on a mineral or synthetic base.
Winter
Has slightly different characteristics. Its viscosity is lower, although it has a higher fluidity. Due to this, the oil completely fills all channels and reliably lubricates all parts. In addition, starting the engines in winter is greatly facilitated.
Winter fluid should not be used in summer, as in high temperature conditions it loses its properties and does not work properly. The oils in this category mainly include synthetic materials.
All-season
It is able to work under conditions of different temperatures and changes its viscosity to a small extent. It is not surprising that in the near future it will completely replace seasonal oils, since in this case there is no need to replace it every 6 months. These mainly include synthetics or semi-synthetics.
How to find out which oil is poured into the engine
This question worries many drivers when buying a car. If the purchase is made in a store, then the documents for the model in question indicate which oil should be poured. Thus, the issue is solved very simply.
The situation is a little different when the car is bought on secondary market... You can, of course, immediately ask the former owner what he poured into the engine and this should close the question. But as is usually the case, not every car enthusiast remembers this.
The second point concerns how much you can trust the first owner. Can there be a guarantee that he exactly followed the manufacturer's recommendations and filled in the oil specified in the instructions.
The only correct way out of this situation is to completely drain the oil, even if the replacement period has not yet come, and refueling with new synthetics or mineral water, depending on the instructions in the technical passport.
The distinguishing features of the oil are mainly smell and color. According to them, some motorists manage to determine the brand of oil. However, during operation, any oil acquires a transparent brown tint, which makes it impossible to determine the brand.
Do not forget that when changing the oil, it is impossible to completely get rid of the waste material and its residues negatively affect the smell and color of the new product. Therefore, it is possible that you will have to resort to flushing the engine.
How to choose engine oil
The wide range of engine oils on the market is explained by the fact that each of them is designed for a specific type of engine. Modern cars are equipped with power units that run on gasoline or diesel. Also found for amateurs driving fast... In this regard, the following factors can be taken into account when choosing an engine oil:
- date of car production;
- its mileage;
- technical condition of the engine;
- seasonality;
- terms of Use.
Features of lubricants for diesel engines
The specifics of the work of diesel power units different from gasoline engines. Here, a lean mixture is used, and the process of its formation itself is more accelerated.
Diesel fuel does not completely burn out and, in addition, the exhaust gases contain a lot of soot, and there is a large amount of sulfur in the composition. Due to the high pressure in the working chamber, the diesel oil oxidizes faster, which leads to a drop in quality. In addition, turbines are also installed on diesel engines, which require higher quality oil.
Diesel lubricants are formulated with these characteristics in mind by adding persistent additives. For example, the soot particles are kept in suspension by the dispersant content.
To prevent the formation of carbon deposits on parts piston group, detergents are introduced. The high sulfur content is compensated by antioxidant and alkaline substances.
General indicator
But the main general criterion by which an engine oil for a gasoline or diesel engine is selected is viscosity. This parameter largely determines the conditions in which the car is operated, and it is always indicated on the capacity.
Video - what kind of oil to fill in a Volkswagen (TSI) engine:
Therefore, for diesel engines, it is worth choosing mainly synthetic or semi-synthetic oils, since they have better parameters. But this does not mean that it is necessary to completely abandon mineral lubricants. If the viscosity is within the manufacturer's recommendations, why not pour it over. This will save you some money.
Just pay attention to multigrade oils, which differ in average viscosity. Because of this, not everyone is oil will do for a diesel engine. Cold starts can be difficult and therefore not recommended.
Usually, the instructions for the car will indicate which oil is suitable for the engine in summer or winter. Only the manufacturer is hardly aware of which climatic conditions the car will be operated. For old machines that have already gone out of production, this information is usually not available.
Sadly, but not every seller can be relied on, because they are faced with the task of selling their goods as quickly as possible. In this case, the owners can only rely on their own strength. You can take the advice of friends or acquaintances into account, but his car may differ in some parameters.
There is one the best option, which is in. Internet access is not a problem, and you can always find the dealer's website on the Internet, where you can find all the necessary information.
During the operation of the vehicle, it is necessary to use engine oil from the same manufacturer. It is recommended to change it before the cold weather sets in, since this operation also causes "stress" on the engine.
It is advisable to change not only the liquid, but also the oil filters, and twice. The first time is directly during the oil change, and the second - from cycle to cycle. This measure will significantly increase the life of the engine. Moreover, the filters that the domestic market offers us, to put it mildly, are not of the best quality.
While many oils are compatible, some manufacturers use their own set of additives. In addition, as a result of mixing, not all residues can be safely drained off. As a last resort, you need to make sure that the viscosity is the same.
Precautions or what not to put into the engine
Unfortunately, the manufacture of oils, like any other area of production, is accompanied by an abundance of counterfeits.
The engines of domestic VAZs 7 or 10 of the family of fakes usually do not have much influence. The same cannot be said about foreign-made cars.
Therefore, it is better to choose engine oil from a reputable manufacturer. They often sell their products in protective containers that prevent overfilling.
You should not accept offers from different mechanics to "taste" a "special" product. It can be argued with great confidence that these fluids are far from perfect and will only harm the engine, and as a continuation to the unreasonable expenditure of funds and nerves.
Video - which oil is better to fill in the engine, friction test part 1:
As practice shows, price is the main indicator of quality. This may not always be the case, but in most cases the quality of the oil matches its price. Although acceptable options may also be included in the middle price category. But it is better not to pay attention to very cheap oils at all.
Some drivers are inclined to believe that after the car has traveled a hundred thousand kilometers, it is necessary to change the oil to semi-synthetics, and after a while completely replace it with a mineral product. But this statement is not true. The fact is that after the 90s, the design of the engines has become more perfect.
On the modern cars power units are installed, which are distinguished by a complex design, work on maximum speed and are "powered" by high octane fuel.
As a result, the requirements for engine oils are increasing and in modern engines it is desirable to fill in synthetics. With proper care after 100 thousand km or even 200, there is no need to replace it with another type.
Engine oil from renowned manufacturers
Not so long ago, the choice of a suitable engine oil consisted of two grades. Now the choice has expanded significantly. You can find products of both Russian and foreign production.
Video - which oil is better to pour into the engine, heat test part 2:
With such a variety, it becomes difficult to make a choice, because there is a risk of bumping into a fake. Let's try to analyze the market and make a short list of proven engine oil manufacturers.
Castrol
The British company specializes in the manufacture of motor oils. Factories are located in several large countries around the world. Collaborates with manufacturers such as Ford, Volkswagen, MAN, BMW and other companies.
It has several varieties:
- The EDGE range is designed for vehicles with powerful modern engines and extends service life by 35%.
- Magnatec uses a unique formulation to form a protective film on parts for increased wear resistance.
- Mineral based oils GTX have high wear resistance properties. For engines with a mileage of more than 100 thousand km, the High Mileage A3 / B3 brand is provided.
- The EDGE and Magnatec Professional oils are enhanced with Fluid Strength Technology TM.
The company has firmly held its leading position for many years.
Shell helix
The world giant in the production of motor oils, which has been delighting with its products for more than a hundred years. Strengths oils are expressed in providing the most optimal engine protection for the entire service life.
The products, which are designed for gasoline and diesel engines, have successfully passed a number of tests in laboratory and field conditions. Due to the low consumption, there is no need to top up lubricant.
There are some disadvantages. Due to the great popularity of the brand on the market, there are fakes that are almost indistinguishable from original product... Some drivers simply cannot afford such oil. However, the shelf life, which is 5 years, subject to storage conditions, does not take into account the disadvantages.
Total
Initially, the brand appeared in France by presidential decree, in order to provide drivers with local products. Several decades later, it "spread" to the rest of the world. There are fairly high quality multi-grade oils.
The Total Quartz product is a striking representative of the new generation. It is ideally suited to engines manufactured at the beginning of the 21st century. It not only protects parts, but also keeps them clean. With this oil, you can make high-speed trips on highways or move in conditions of heavy city traffic.
Synthetic fluid grade Quartz 7000 DIESEL 10W 40 is suitable for diesel engines. It contains various additives that increase the parameters of the oil to the required level.
Mobil
Oil from this manufacturer can be poured into Porshe, BMW, Aston martin, Bentley, Nissan, Chevrolet, Caddilac and more. On the Russian market New, Peak and Extended Life brands began to be supplied, which are focused on the domestic consumer.
The oil is produced in four versions:
- Mobil Super 1000 - mineral based, is a budget option;
- Mobil Super 2000 - semi-synthetics, most widespread;
- Mobil Super 3000 - synthetic, expensive but valuable pleasure;
- Mobil 1 is premium in every sense.
With such oil, there is no need to flush the engine, since it contains sufficient detergent additives. Even if the lubricant is changed according to the vehicle's data sheet, it will always be fresh.
Outcome
In conclusion, we can say that synthetic oil is most suitable for modern engines, but it is not cheap. Semi-synthetics can be poured into used engines. Mineral water is suitable for old cars, which have high mileage and the condition of the engine is no longer what it used to be.
Many owners are trying to find cheap motor oils. But such savings are not always advisable and it is better to immediately purchase a quality product according to the instructions in the data sheet.
In addition, consumables should be replaced in a timely manner and then the engine will serve for a very long time.
You must remember that it depends on each specific case.
If you are planning to buy a new modern crossover, then use only synthetics for the engine of such a car.
Checking the machine by VIN code will help to avoid problems in the future.
Video - how to choose the oil in the engine:
How to check a used car before buying
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Oil change is one of the most mundane chores performed by motorists. Of course, this operation can be entrusted experienced craftsmen to the service station or master it yourself. Having decided to figure out everything yourself, for a start, it is worth deciding which oil should be poured into the engine. To do this, you need to navigate their classification, because shop windows are full of hundreds of types of products, and it becomes much more difficult to make a choice. There are many selection criteria - viscosity, energy efficiency class, washing ability, antiwear action, oxidation resistance, washing ability, anti-corrosion.
Also, do not forget about classification of oils... For example, mineral oils are more viscous and form a thick film, so it is better to put them in old cars. Moreover, they leak much less through worn-out oil seals. Synthetic oils are more fluid, and this factor reduces friction between parts, increases engine power and reduces fuel consumption. They are recommended for use in newer and more powerful cars that operate under heavy loads. The compromise option is semi-synthetic oil, which is used in moderate climates and in moderate use.
The editors of our blog analyzed the oil market according to customer reviews and made top 7 the best oils which is presented below.
Seventh place. This oil is a synthetic lubricant that was formulated for passenger cars. It can be poured into any gasoline and diesel units, the exception is diesel engines with a particulate filter.
The particulate filter is an element for cleaning the particulate matter of exhaust gases. It is used in diesel engines.
Facial and back side containers ELF oils Evolution 900 NF 5W-40
The oil can withstand an extended drain interval, besides, it perfectly cleans all parts and is perfect for various climatic zones. High viscosity index This oil guarantees optimal engine operation at extremely low temperatures (due to its good cold fluidity) and at extremely high temperatures over a wide load range.
Review of this oil in the video:
The product abbreviation is deciphered as follows:
ELF- brand name
Evolution- the name of the line of engine oils that are intended for passenger cars.
900
- means this engine oil is synthetic.
NF- the name of a specific product.
5W- low-temperature viscosity of the oil at cold start of the engine (w means winter, winter). When cold started, this engine oil will easily pump through the system and protect it from dry friction.
40
- high temperature oil viscosity. The higher this value, the higher the viscosity of the oil at high temperatures.
Pros:
- Cleans all elements qualitatively;
- Will fit most motors;
- Frequent replacement is not necessary.
Minuses:
- Unreliable packaging.
At the sixth place of the rating, there is a high-quality engine oil that is easily suitable even for turbocharged engines. Excellent option for units with common rail and direct injection. The highest viscosity index is guaranteed to provide a wide variety of temperature conditions. The oil has extended drain intervals and increased wear protection. Perfect for cars of the VAZ (Lada) family, making the engine absolutely clean.
This is how the container of TOTAL Quartz 9000 5W40 oil looks like
Throughout the entire service life, the oil retains stable properties, does not freeze in cold weather conditions up to -39 degrees, and in hot weather maintains a stable oil film. At 40 ° C has a viscosity 90 mm² / s, but at 100 ° C - 14.7 mm² / s, the viscosity index is 172, density at 15 ° C is 855, flash at 230 ° C.
Flash- the lowest temperature value at which vapors of heated oil mix with air and can explode in the presence of a flame. When choosing an oil, preference should be given to higher flash rates (more than 200 degrees), otherwise the engine oil will evaporate, leaving ash and soot on the engine parts.
Test results for various oils and in particular TOTAL Quartz 9000 5W40
The product abbreviation is deciphered as follows:
Total Quartz 9000 means that the oil is of high quality and is produced according to the Total synthetic technology for diesel and gasoline engines of passenger cars.
5w40- indicators of viscosity of engine oil.
Pros:
- Guaranteed high degree of protection;
- Solid protection interval;
- The engine is kept clean at all times.
Minuses:
- WITH bad fuel problems may arise.
Fifth place occupies a universal synthetic oil that will help extend the life of the engine and also make it more reliable. It is suitable for both gasoline and diesel engines. Often used for Chevrolet vehicles. The oil withstands a fairly wide temperature range and is well suited for difficult operating conditions. At 40 ° C has a viscosity 58 mm² / s, but at 100 ° C - 14 mm² / s, the pour point is -39 degrees, flash point 222 ºC Density at 15 ° C, is 0.855 kg / l.
Container original MOBIL oils Super 3000 X1 5W-40
Super 3000 X1- indicates that the oil is fully synthetic.
5W40- viscosity index
Pros:
- Excellent work in winter and summer;
- The motor runs quite quietly;
- The engine always starts the first time.
Minuses:
- There are a large number of fakes on sale.
Fourth place takes up synthetic oil giving your engine a new breath. The engine will become clean, because deposits will no longer form. It makes the engine as efficient as possible and is able to withstand long drain intervals. Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C has an indicator 74,4 , at 100 ° C is equal to 13,1, pour point is -39 ° C.
Original packaging SHELL Helix Ultra 5W-40
The abbreviation of the product is deciphered as follows:
Helix Ultra- the name of a series of fully synthetic motor oils, which are created on the basis of the latest technologies. Products in this series are designed for use in modern gasoline and diesel engines.
5W40- viscosity index.
Pros:
- Perfectly lubricates all important parts;
- Oil does not burn;
- The engine runs fairly quietly.
Minuses:
- Counterfeits are common.
Third place. This oil uses titanium compounds with amazing durability. A tough film will help protect your engine from a variety of problems. Recommended for power units of Volkswagen and other foreign cars. The oil will have a beneficial effect on the motor, allowing it to heal new life... Density of oil at 15 ° C 0.85g / ml, kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C is 13 mm² / s, pour point -42 ° C, flash point is 202 ° C.
Original Castrol Edge 5W-40
Oil is deciphered as follows:
Edge- the name of the series produced by the Castrol brand.
5W40- viscosity index.
Pros:
- Unleash the potential of the engine;
- Reliably protects against contamination;
- Works well at high revs.
Minuses:
- Often counterfeited.
Second place. This oil is very effective in combating deposits, thereby extending the life of the engine. The manufacturer himself claims that the oil can save up to 4 percent of fuel. The overall engine life is also noticeably extended. Density of oil at +15 ° C 0.855 kg / m³, viscosity at +40 ° C is 81.0 mm² / s, viscosity at + 100 ° C equals 14.0 mm² / s, flash point 230 ° C.
Original packaging LIQUI MOLY Molygen New Generation 5W-40
The name is deciphered as follows:
Molygen new generation- indicates that the oil is synthetic and made using a special technology with a proprietary anti-friction additive package.
5W40- viscosity index.
Pros:
- Saves fuel;
- Has a positive effect on the dynamics of the motor;
- The engine runs clearly and smoothly.
Minuses:
- Quite a high price.
Honorary first place our rating took this oil, having the Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards, and also used by progressive diesel and gasoline engines. Well suited for Toyota cars, domestic and other foreign cars. It will help save the engine. new car in its original form. In this case, not only individual elements, but also the entire engine is guaranteed to shine with cleanliness.
View of the original packaging Motul 8100 X-clean 5W40
It should be noted that this oil solidifies at a temperature of -39 degrees, and this allows you to use it even in the coldest weather. This oil is characterized by a high level of stability against oxidation, has a stable oil film and excellent lubricating characteristics. Oil viscosity at 40 ° C is 84.7 mm² / s, flash point 234 ° C, pour point -39 ° C.
The abbreviation stands for this:
8100
is the name of a series of fully synthetic motor oils from Motul. The 8100 series oils provide reliable protection under extreme stress conditions.
X-clean- the name of this product. The X stands for the engine oil providing maximum protection for new and high mileage engines.
5W40- viscosity index.
Pros:
- Effectively cleans the entire engine;
- Ideal for new motors;
- Really saves fuel.
Minuses:
- There are frequent cases of counterfeiting.
Thus, we have considered some of the most popular brands of motor oils that are most often used by motorists for domestic cars, as well as foreign cars. If you have any questions or comments on this material, then leave them in the comments to the article.
The choice of oil depends on the type of engine, mileage, operating temperature and other factors. Let's see how modern lubricants differ from each other, what are the features of their use in certain conditions, and what kind of oil is better to pour into your car.
1 Modern lubricants - what are their features?
Today, there are several generally accepted parameters that are definitely worth considering when choosing the optimal lubricant composition for an engine. It is believed that the only correct selection criterion is following the manufacturer's recommendations, which can be found in the technical documentation.
However, modern engines are capable of working with lubricants of various types and compositions, therefore, before choosing a suitable option, you need to know the main parameters by which they differ, namely:
- Viscosity classification. Viscosity is a mandatory parameter that should be considered when choosing an engine oil. It was developed by the SAE system and has the corresponding coefficients and designations, for example, 0W-30, 10W-30, 20W-30, etc. The viscosity parameter determines the density and ability of the lubricant to perform its functions in a different range of low or high temperatures.
- Production basis. Today, oil can be synthetic, mineral or semi-synthetic. Starting the engine in cold weather, the time it warms up and other factors that allow it to function normally depend on the base and the amount of additives.
- Compliance with the quality standard. There are three recognized standards - European (ACEA), American (API) and Asian (ILSAC). They are usually indicated on the package along with the viscosity index and type. lubricating fluid... Compliance of the lubricant with one of the specified standards - required condition when choosing a composition, regardless of the type of engine and mileage.
- Manufacturer. As a rule, car companies recommend certain brands from trusted and recognized manufacturers that have passed the necessary tests and do not contain hazardous additives in their composition. The choice of a manufacturer is a matter of taste and financial capabilities of each motorist, but among the recognized leaders of the European lubricants market, one can distinguish such brands as Shell, Helix, Total, ESSO, Castrol, ZIC, Mobil.
Another parameter worth paying attention to is the manufacturer's recommendations for the replacement interval. If the instructions say that the oil must be changed after 10 or 20 thousand kilometers, then for normal work engine, it must be changed strictly within this recommended interval, even if oil manufacturers promise increased service life, increased characteristics of their product, etc.
2 What oil to choose for a car - all options
The technological features of the production of any motor oil, be it synthetics or mineral water, are almost identical. Any oil contains a certain base component, which is mixed with an additive package in the appropriate proportion. Additives, in turn, can be anticorrosive, detergent, antioxidant, antifoam.
Thus, "mineral water" contains a minimum of antifoam and anti-corrosion additives, while the composition contains many depressants that provide the lubricant with a constant viscosity index of at least 10W. Mineral oil standard designations are 10W-20, 10W-40, 15W-30.
As for synthetics or semisynthetics, the presence of more specific additives allows the production of fluids with a lower viscosity index (for example, 0W-30, 5W-40), which are able to operate at lower or higher temperatures. The main advantage of using synthetics, in contrast to mineral oil, is a lower oxidation capacity, that is, during engine operation, synthetic oil oxidizes less and has better protective properties for various metal engine parts. .jpg)
Oil on a completely mineral basis is practically not used on modern types of injection engines, due to its unstable performance and the absence of any additional additives. Therefore, it can be poured into cars mainly with carburetor types of engines.
In winter, it is better to use a fully synthetic low viscosity lubricant; in the summer season, you can safely fill in a semi-synthetic engine oil.
If Gas engine has a high mileage (over 200 thousand), we recommend that you find out what kind of oil was in it before replacement, but, in any case, it is better to pour only semi-synthetics, due to wear of the oil seals and the piston group of the motor, and, if necessary, carry out a comprehensive flush of the engine. It is also not recommended to mix liquids from different manufacturers and, moreover, with different properties.
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3 Replacing on your own - how to fill a new composition?
The lubricant can be changed in a specialized service. But if you purchased high-quality engine oil from a trusted manufacturer, in which you are sure, new oil filter, then it is better to pour the composition into the engine yourself. To do this, the car must be driven onto an overpass or inspection pit, be sure to put it on the handbrake and make sure that it stands as level as possible.
Let the engine idle for 10-15 minutes to warm up to the desired working temperature... Then open the filler cap and fill with a little flushing fluid... Close the plug, start the engine again and let it run for a few minutes until the oil pressure indicator light on the panel lights up. Unscrew the special washers on the pallet in the area of the crankcase and let the waste drain from the pallet into a previously prepared container.
Once the waste material is drained, tighten the drain plugs. Now remove the oil filter and replace with a new one, and then fill with new oil to the recommended level. Start the engine, let it idle a little, and at this time, make sure that nothing flows anywhere. If everything is in order, then turn off the engine. After the engine has completely cooled down, check the oil level on the dipstick several times and, if necessary, top up to the required indicator.
Replacing the lubricant with your own hands allows you to be confident in the quality and type of the liquid poured. Often on services, unscrupulous employees fill in a cheaper and lower quality type of liquid instead of the one that was brought to them. Check the oil level at least once a week, under no circumstances allow it to drop and replace it strictly within the time interval recommended by the manufacturer.
