Technologies for beginners: What is the difference between the full drive, rear wheel drive and front drive.

March 14, 2017, 00:54

If another one and a half dozen years ago, the owner of the all-wheel drive car was considered a practically unconditional conqueror of the roads, then recently, arguing on the topic of a full drive of the car, car enthusiasts, as a rule, use a clarifying formulation, speaking of "full-fledged full-wheel drive."

Any car enthusiast will say that for the assault on the courtyard littered with snow, or when overcoming the blurred primer to cottages the ideal option There will be a car with a wheel formula 4x4. Yes, and when driving on an asphalt road to slippery rainy autumn, a driver who droves the all-wheel drive car will feel much more confident. However, after a few meters after the snow-covered area of \u200b\u200bthe road is overcome, or the car will be chosen with a broken primer on the asphalt road, the additional leading axis will be only the cause of serious fuel overpower.

Pluses of all-wheel drive cars are obvious - such machines are less sensitive and whimsical coating quality under wheels, when a high-wheel drive car can confidently deliver the driver and passengers to the destination, and on a wet or ice highway, such a car will save decent dynamics and handling.

Trying to keep the advantages of a full drive without the deterioration of the car's fuel efficiency indicator, most of the modern automakers resort to the help of electronic systems that work together with multidisk couplings capable of connecting the second wheel axis in automatic mode Only in case of the need.

Classification of full drive systems

Among the specialists it is customary to distinguish between three varieties of full drive systems:

Unconnected permanent (Full-Time or 4WD);
Connected by electronics (Torque On-Demand or AWD);
In addition, there are all-wheel drive systems with manual connection (Part-time).

All-wheel drive transmission, which was the first to become massively installed on mass-produced machines, is considered pART-TIME system. This system is a device that rigidly connecting front axle. As a result, the wheels of both axes are forced to rotate at the same speed. Naturally, about installing inter-axis differential In this case, it is not coming.

Differential - what is it?

Considering such a device as a differential, it should be borne in mind that this is a special mechanical device that takes craving from the drive shaft and distributing it in the required proportion on the drive wheels. In this case, the difference in the rotational speed of the wheels is compensated automatically. Thus, by means of differential, the torque direction takes place to the drive wheels, and at the same time the wheels themselves will have different (differentiated) angular velocity.

Differentials can be used for both bridges of a vehicle equipped with all-wheel drive transmission. Separate models are equipped with a differential, which is mounted in - such a solution to the full drive is made classified as the "Full-Time" systems.

To understand why a car is needed differential, it is worth understanding the principle of its work. The thing is that the wheels of any car have the same speed of rotation only when it moves in by direct direction. As soon as the car begins to enter the turn, each of the four wheels acquires an individual speed, while both axes begin to "compete" in speed. An explanation of this phenomenon will be the emergence of its trajectory for each of the wheels - those that are inside the turn passing a smaller path compared to the outer wheel.

Thus, do not be differential, in turning the inner wheel would be turned on the spot, to compensate for the rotation of the outer wheel. In such conditions, riding on high speed It would have been impossible, I would have had to talk about the car charter. The presence of differential enables the axes in the desired way to "overtake" each other when the speed difference occurs.

The device of the interstole differential - when entering the rotation, it allows the inner wheel to spin slowly

PART-TIME system

The PART-TIME system is designed without installing the inter-axis differential. Such a device involves the transmission of torque from the operating motor on both axes in the same amount - thus, both axes are spinning with equal speed. Obviously, cars equipped with part-time drive system, moving on roads with a good asphalt or concrete coating contraindicated, because trying to make a turn, the driver provokes the emergence of the above-described difference in the length of the bridges path.

Since the moment on the axes is transmitted in a ratio of 50 to 50, when the steering wheel turns, slipping wheels of any of the axes will occur. If under the wheels of the car snow, dirt or sand (which often happens when traveling to the country, picnic or fishing), then a small clutch of the wheels and road coat It is practically not causing any harm to the car. But in the case of maneuvers on the dry and solid surface of the road, the resulting slipping has a negative impact on the functioning of the transmission, causes accelerated wear of the tires, and also reduces the quality of the car's controllability.

Thus, cars equipped with a system of connected full drive are good for regular operation in conditions of bad roads or to conquer off-road. In this case, as a rule, blockages are not required, since one bridge will initially be strictly connected.

Other pluses of all-wheel drive solutions part-time are related to the relative reliability and simplicity of the entire design: there are no electrical or mechanical drives, the locks are not used, differentials are not used. It simplifies the system and the fact that there are no additional hydraulic or pneumatic elements in it. However for casual exploitation Such a system is inconvenient. The use of the constantly turned on the axis of the front wheels is fraught with a vehicle breakdown, and constantly turn on and off the bridge is simply inconvenient. The list of models of machines, the design of which involves the use of Part-Time, includes the following brands and models of vehicles: Nissan Patrol first generations, pickup, Nissan NP300, Jeep Wrangler. and domestic.

Permanent full drive

The listed features and disadvantages of the system of the connected full drive led to the development of a constantly connected all-wheel drive system, eliminated from such problems. As a result, the light saw cars with a 4WD drive, in which all the existing wheels perform the role of the leading, and there is also a free inter-axis differential, which allows to produce "unnecessary" power due to slipping of one of the reducer satellites. Thus, the car always moves with all the leading wheels.

The nuance of the 4WD mechanism is the following feature. When slipping any wheel, inter-wheeled differential Disables the second wheel of this axis. Similarly, the second pair of wheels is also working. It is quite possible that the car with the 4WD drive system, which at the same time with the wheels of both axes are completely immobilized. To minimize the fall of off-road properties of all-wheel drive vehicles with a 4WD system, developers install at least one blocking of forced type. As a rule, the inter-axis differential is forcibly blocked.

As additional option Often offer installation of the front differential blocking. To models of machines with 4WD system include such SUVs as: Land Cruiser. 100 Prado and Land Cruiser 100, and. But perhaps the most famous modelequipped with a 4WD drive, is.

Despite all its advantages, the system of a constantly connected full drive, unfortunately, has certain disadvantages. So, in terms of controllability on asphalt and other solid roads, SUVs with both leading axes are quite far from ideal. AT critical situations Such a car will try to slip out of turn, without reacting to the rotation of the steering wheel and pressing the gase pedal properly.

Connected four-wheel drive (automatic)

The modern format of crossovers, regardless of the size of the car, assumes the possibility of a quick and short-term connection of an additional pair of leading wheels. Naturally, such connections should be carried out in automatic mode, without the driver's participation. To implement such solutions, automotive designers began to apply special multi-disc clutches, if necessary, connecting the wheels of the rear axle in addition to the constantly rotating front wheels.

Implemented in this way all-wheel drive system Much easier classic off-road structures. There is no dispensing box, and only a pair of gears for the extraction of power and the output shaft are provided near the front differential.

Subsequently, the developers came up with the use of airline differentials equipped in addition to forced blocking also by self-locking mechanisms. Using various solutions (Viscounts or differential Torsen), the developers sought a single common goal - to partially block the inter-axis differential in order to increase the controllability of the car - in the event of a slip of any of the axes, the triggered blocking did not allow the differential to turn off the second pair of wheels and the moment from the engine continued To do it. Cars with a presented variant of the full drive are marked with AWD abbreviation.

Differential Torsen

However, among themselves couplings also differ significantly regardless of the similarity of the principle of connecting the wheels of the second axis. One of the first couplings began to apply engineers concern Volkswagen. For their Hatchbacks Golf. We are talking about the signature transmission of Syncro, where the installed friction panels are not compressed, but operated in silicone fluid, thick in conditions of improving the load and capable of independently transmitting rotation. The introduced Viscouft was unmanaged and was not capable of transmitting all 100% of the moment to the rear axle. In addition, even with rather non-long slippers, Silicone boils, which led to overheating and subsequent coupling coupling.

Viscounts (viscous coupling)

A more advanced design was used in the early models Ford. Escape. Couplings compressing through the work of wedge-shaped slots and balls have already been used here. These clutches, although they worked much more clearly, they could cause very sharp and sensitive blows at the moment of turn.

Haldex coupling

A peculiar revolution among couplings used in full drive systems are called the first generation of the Haldex coupling in the late 90s of the last century. In such a device, the discs were compressed using a hydraulic cylinder with a pump to generate oil pressure. The pump was mounted on one of the half of the coupling, the drive to him came from another half. Now, in the event of a difference in the speed of rotation of the wheels of the front and rear axes, the compression pressure increased, and the coupling was blocked. In comparison with the previously installed couplings, Haldex worked very gently and gained a serious success.

It is worth keeping in mind that modern technologies And the materials used allowed to make a truly high-tech coupling that can be kept in a partially connected state without concerns overheating. Thus, manufacturers managed to distribute torque transmitted to pairs of wheels in favor of the rear axle, providing a car "classic" handling and all-wheel drive capabilities. Taking into account the flexibility of the working algorithms used and a very deep degree of development of the design of the multi-disc couplings used, in the modern period of time this is the most popular decision of the organization of a all-wheel drive transmission, which is unlikely to replace something in the next few years.

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The all-wheel drive car is now perceived as something of granted: all drive wheels, allegedly, provide tremendous safety on the road and confidence in their abilities. That is why, if there is money, we buy all-wheel drive crossovers for their wives. However, the full drive systems even in the first approximation there are quite a lot, and they differ fundamentally among themselves.

Choosing a car and targeting the "full-wheel drive", you need to imagine very well, where and why the car will use. Probably, 90% of buyers are not going to move from a normal road in the forest, fields, and climbing the mountains and cross the brodes. Why do you need a car with all the leading wheels? First, she attaches confidence during the rain on slipping road; Secondly, the car is bought with an exploitation of exploitation by long winter; Finally, it's easier to move easier from the asphalt and get there Polkilometer to the cottage along the primer and Uhabam.

The simplest thing you can remember, and then close this article: the above three tasks solves the car with the drive only on one axis. It is desirable, true to be with mechanical box Transmissions. Well, the clearance would be good more.

Suppose such a solution to the problem does not satisfy you. Then the second consideration: the all-wheel drive crossover is not at all equal to the present SUV. The wheels of these cars are given in motion, let's say, in principle different ways. And the third: Yes, the designated need for a full drive can be satisfied with the purchase of the crossover. Just on a similar car, you do not need to travel through the right off-road. And on the road - not to get involved in speed.

So, how in general features It works a full drive of the crossover. Almost always you are on such a car ... Monophoderous mode, only one axis works in motion. Most often - the front, because almost all are not too expensive crossovers are built on platforms of ordinary hatchbacks. The four-wheel drive manifests itself only in the slip of the leading wheels - this moment is recognized by electronics, which connects to the second axis to help. The slip in this case does not mean that you are standing in place and long grinding asphalt - it's literally about milliseconds. It is unlikely that the buyer is interested in the technique, let's just say that it is transferred to the moment between the axes - and it is dynamically distributed at every moment of time - a special coupling is engaged. This device itself may have a different design.

Now about off-road abilities: if the scheme fully corresponds to the description above, there are practically no. To overcome the minimum off-road, it has to "hang" additional functionality. For example, the coupling give the ability to partially or completely blocked. Methods may be different, but, again, the electronics are most often maintained. Also in the design, self-locking differential or viscous coupling can be used.

Why do you need blocking? Free coupling (or free differential) will not give the car to go if some of the wheels will completely lose the clutch with the road. And the blocking will turn the wheel, which is still able to pull you. It overheats the coupling in this case very quickly, so you will not work for a long time with such a system.

As in any design, there are many nuances here. The main thing is that the coupling in advanced automatically plugging full drive can work on a preventive algorithm, without waiting for the wheel slip. Here, always on the second axis will be served a small percentage of torque. In other words, you really get a permanent four-wheel drive! So work audi systems With Torsen differential, as well as, for example, some BMW or Mercedes-Benz.

Repeat: A similar type of full drive has almost all crossovers and all-wheel drive passenger carsmobile. Pros: Indeed, the car gives some confidence on a slippery road. Cons: the same confidence can lead to the fact that you will choose an incorrect speed for movement in difficult conditions. The result may be curb. Also because the nature of such a car in turn - it will be prone to this dangerous moment to demolition or drift, or will be neutral - it is quite difficult to predict. As for giving the car "SUV", controllability improves with electronics - the main auxiliary system here is ESP.

Now - about off-road full drive. Here the second axis is connected by the driver manually. On the way you are traveling on a monolarier, and if you need to move to some kind of problem area, you turn on the full one. There is no inter-axis differential, so the blocking of one of the interc differentials must be present. And, of course, a four-wheel drive with such a scheme must immediately turn off on the road - it is not provided for work at high speeds.

Finally, the classic of the genre is an honest four-wheel drive. Ideally, it is not just three differentials - the inter-axis and two intercoles, but also downward transmission, and all locks. And, of course, auxiliary electronics. With such a set of properties, the car, really, can stand on the road, and overcome off-road.

Separately, we mention extremely advanced systems: for example, Super SELECT at Mitsubishi allows you to choose from many modes of operation of a full drive that is suitable for both the track and off-road. Some Jeep models can be ordered with significantly different types of full drive. Finally, the system in Subaru Impreza. WRX STI or Mitsubishi Lancer. Evolution each deserve a separate big article.

Hello, dear blog readers website. In today's conversation with you, let's try to choose car drive and find out what drive is better: front, rear or complete? Car drive - this is one of its most important characteristics, so before deciding what to choose a drive, it is necessary to figure out than types of car drives differ from each other.

Car Drive Outlook:

What drive: front, rear or complete?

Car drive determines on which wheels are transmitted by the thrust of its engine. All modern cars have four wheels - two front and two rear, while the engine power in the vehicle can be transmitted either on all four wheels or one pair of wheels - frontor rear. What differ among themselves front, rear and four-wheel drive?

What drive is safer? What drive is most safe?

It is managed much easier, the front-wheel drive is harder to put into skid, so as first car it is better to choose the car exactly with front drive. On the other hand, skid rear-wheel drive cars It is easily corrected by intuitive gas discharge - let go of the gas and the car returned to the trajectory. A. front drive Bar means that the driver has crossed all the permissible borders. Here is a small example.

Calculate front-drive car more complicated than in the back, but also to get out of drift on front drive - You need much more skill. On the rear drive, the skid is the norm and it arises constantly, and to eliminate it, it is usually enough just to let go of the gas pedal. We can say that rear drive Immediately shows the driver all the danger of slippery road, and the front - until the last hides it from the driver. However, even for rear drive There is a speed limit, after which the gas discharge is not able to stabilize the car. See how the posterior car can be taken.

Concerning full drive, then with him still more difficult. Four-wheel drive slipping coating may behave as front or as rear, depending on which the wheel is slippery. Let's look at the example of the most popular model. Chevrolet Niva. how maybe a thing of permanent four-wheel drive, not equipped eSP system. This once again confirms that four-wheel drive only increases permeability and improves accelerating dynamics, but not at all does not improve handling.

And on this video, at a speed of 150 km / h, car Audi., equipped constant fully drive Quattro.It gets into the oil puddle and breaks into skid. Only rich experience and steel nerves of the pilot allow him to get out of the water dry and unharmed.

For front drive Characteristic more high term stabilitythan the rear. On a snowy or dirty highway front-wheel drive It goes like a locomotive on rails, while with rear wheel drive We need to work on a slippery road very carefully - the car can deploy.

But four-wheel drive Snowpall, like off-road, transfers even better than the front, but if there is no mid-sieve differential, then it is reluctant in turn. Be careful!

It makes it possible to accelerate faster, easily enters the skid, but it is also simply displayed, and all this makes ride on the rear-wheel drive car more interesting. On a slippery road rear drive It is not controlled at all as the front, but many drivers for it appreciate it. In general, if security is not in the last place for you, and you want not only to ride a car, but be able to manage them in any situation, then you will definitely look at this video from The main road:

So, what exact drive is more secure? Alas, but it is impossible to definitely answer this question. Everyone type of car drive behaves differently, each has its own pros and cons, each view of the drive We must skillfully use without violating the laws of physics. But one thing can be said with confidence: if you need safe car , then he can possess any type of drive, the main thing is that it was necessarily incorporated currency System - ESP. This intelligent program can slow down each wheel individually, thus correcting many driver errors.

What drive is the most passable?

Really, at the front drive patency is slightly higher than the rear And there is at least two reasons for it. At first, drive wheels At the front drive pressed to the ground weighing the enginewhich reduces slip. Secondly, drive wheels front drive, are steeringAnd this allows the driver to set the direction of thrust.

In the case of slipping the drive wheels, the driver of the front or full-drive car can pull the car from the snow captivity with the front wheels, while the rear wheels are followed strictly behind the front. The rear-wheel drive in such a situation behaves worse - the tail begins to demolish the control of this process is very difficult.

, on slippery ascent climbs confidentthan rear. Leading front wheels tourable, but pull the car to the top, and rear driveIn such a situation, dropping and strives to expand the car. The king of slippery lifts is undoubtedly His Majesty four-wheel drive, which the rises over the ice slope without slipping.

Nevertheless, driving around in the winter in slippery roads, it is impossible to hope only for four-wheel drive, because its ability is not limitless. With studded rubber, you can climb on slippery winter lifts on any drive, especially if the machine is equipped anti-sketching system ESP.

So, the most passing, of course, is a full drive. Rear-wheel drive, for the assault off-road suits the least, but also on the front drive from the solid coating is better not to move.

Suitable for you if you do not plan to leave the road limits with a solid coating. If sometimes you are going to make risky ripples in the field, then you need to take at least a car with front drive, and for serious excipients on the road you need a car, equipped with fully drive.

On dry asphalt rear drive accelerated faster than the front. When accelerating the weight of the car shifts on the rear axle, while the front wheels are unloaded, that's why front-wheel drive During overclocking, it allows strong slip. But the car accelerates faster with full driveNaturally, it should be equipped with a powerful engine.

So, if you need a car that accelerates others faster, then you need to choose a car, with rear, and better with fully drive And as a powerful motor as possible.

What drive is better? Front or rear-wheel drive?

wins the rear by such an indicator as fuel consumption. Average, front drive more economical Rear, and the difference can reach 7%. But four-wheel drive, in terms of efficiency, occupies an honorable third place - he the most voracious one, in many ways because of this, most of all the motorists are chosen precisely front or rear drive.

In the rear-wheel drive cars, the front wheels do not have drive shafts, so the maximum angles of rotation of the steering wheels, on the rear drive, more, and reversal radius - lessWhat is very useful in the city.

Front drive in production is cheaper rear, so the machines with front-wheel drive are sold on more affordable prices. Lower price - This is the main advantage of the front drive before rear and complete. It is due to a low price, the front-wheel drive won the place of the most common drive of all types: the front-wheel drive cars produced morethan with rear and complete drive combined. The second cause of high popularity front drive is an simplicity Its use on a slippery road, its low demanding to the driver's skill.

If you choose front or rear drivethen in most cases front actuator is optimal option . It is more accessible, more economical, easier in the device and is less demanding of the pilot skill. - Your option, if you have a decent experience over your shoulders, and now you want not just ride by car, but enjoy From the motor control process itself.

What car drive is better?

So, you need to sum up. If everything is strongly simplified, the conclusion can be done as: better view drive is a four-wheel drivepaired with eSP course stability system. However, four-wheel drive costs more when buying and roads in service, yes I. consumes a lot of fuel. If you need something more economicalT. the optimal option will be the front-wheel drivewhich has an ideal combination of characteristics. well and rear drive It is worth choosing only if you have experience and the car needs you, first of all to enjoy driving.

Advantages of the front drive:

Low price
Low fuel consumption
Patency is higher than the rear drive
Holds well on slippery road

Advantages of the rear drive:

Accelerated faster than the front
Easier comes out of drift

Advantages of a full drive:

Patency
Accelerates even faster than rear-wheel drive

Cons of full drive:

High fuel consumption
High price
Expensive repair and maintenance

The main types of drive we dismantled, now let's see what types of complete drive.

Types of complete drive

In this embodiment all four wheels are constantly connected to the engineEach of them always clings to the road and pushes a car forward and it is already in itself a big plus (for example, on a slippery climb).

But, permanent full drive It is truly good only when it is equipped with a course stability system ( ESP.), Which will slow down the desired wheel and does not give it to it, if it fell on a more slippery surface.

Disadvantage permanent full drive is an high fuel consumption, and the advantage - big reliability. Concerning penthood, then storming off-road exparment on a constant full-wheel drive can be, but only if it is provided in its design blocking Central and Arrange Differentials.

Advantages of a permanent full drive:

Permanent readiness
High reliability

Disadvantages of a permanent full drive:

Increased fuel consumption

Manually connected four-wheel drive

This is the oldest and most inconvenient a variety of full drive, but patency She, perhaps, the tallest. Such a car, in the usual condition, has rear drive, And the front wheels can be connected manually, but for this you need to stop. Constantly ride with the connected front axle, on such a car it is impossible, as it creates loads on disposal box and accelerates tire wear. Also, the disadvantage of this scheme can be considered pretty big flow Fuel, regardless of whether the four-wheel drive is turned on or off.

There is this type of full drive and their own advantages. First, such a drive is very good on off-road, and secondly, he also has very high reliability.

There are no disputes among motorists regarding what is better - the front, rear or four-wheel drive. Each leads their arguments, but does not recognize the evidence of its opponents. And in reality to determine the best way Drive among three available options is not so simple. It requires a detailed analysis, and focus on the features of each of the drives. We must not forget that the drive acts as an important parameter of any vehicle that should be taken into account when choosing. And every buyer should personally decide for himself, what kind of drive it is suitable for him. And for this you need to understand the difference between systems and know their key differences.

Choosing a car drive: front, rear or complete.

Criteria comparing

To determine the difference between the front and rear-wheel drive, and also compare them with complete, it should be focused on some distinctive features. Everyone heard, but not everyone knows what exactly means the front, rear or four-wheel drive. The drive determines which wheels from the power unit will be transmitted to which wheels of the vehicle. All modern passenger cars There are 4 wheels. Two are located ahead, and two more from behind. The power that engine produces can only go on two or all four wheels. To understand what the difference between the front, rear and complete drive, for a start we will give them brief definitions. So you will know which machines are rear-wheel drive, front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive.

Front-wheel drive. Here, the thrust from the motor goes only for a couple of wheels located in the front of the car. A pair of wheels cling to the road and pulls motor vehicles. Together with this couple rear kers Just rolling on inertia.
Rear-wheel drive. Here all the power from the power unit goes only for a couple. When the wheels are rotated, it is enough for the soil, which makes it possible to appear from the surface and go.
All-wheel drive. A distinctive feature The full drive is the transmission of torque on 4 wheels, that is, 2 axes. This allows them to rotate at the same time.

Practice clearly showed that there is no need for a permanent full drive, and therefore engineers have developed systems that need to transmit all power to 2 axes immediately. To understand significant differences between systems, you need to evaluate them in several important criteria to which:

security;
patency;
overclocking

Now let's see what each drive is capable of.

Security

It is important to figure out what the front-wheel drive differs from the rear, as well as how much all-wheel drive cars are safer than the monopriferous. Cars really differ in security indicators, but here you should consider some nuances. Namely:

It is much easier to control the front-wheel drive machines, they are difficult to specifically put into skid, than the front-wheel drive is relatively different from the rear. If you are, you should give preference to this option;
When the rear-wheel drive car enters, it is not difficult to return it to a normal trajectory. To do this, it is enough to lose gas. When the drift goes on the front drive, it is already extremely problematic to correct the situation;
Provice the drift of the front-wheel drive car is harder compared to rear-wheel drive cars. But it is easier to get out of the drift, if there is a rear drive;
For rear-wheel drive cars, driving are the norm, and therefore drivers are faced with such a phenomenon regularly. Roughly speaking, on a car with a drive on the rear wheels, it is immediately clear how the road is dangerous, and the front-wheel drive hides it. But when the car enters, it will take great skill to be taken;
Rear-wheel drive cars also records without the possibility to leave the situation. This happens when exceeding permissible speeds. Then the simple reset of the result of the result will not give;
The situation with all-wheel drive cars is even more complicated. When driving on a slippery road, the behavior of a machine with a full drive can be similar rear and front-wheel drive cars. It all depends on what kind of wheel was slipped by the vehicle;
The car with the front actuator has very high rate stability in comparison with rear-wheel drive;
If the road is dirty or snow-covered, the front axle works better, and the back and puts it. If the gas pedal to work incorrectly, the rear-wheel drive machine will quickly unfold in such conditions;
Four-wheel drive perfectly overcomes snow, dirt and off-road and copes with its tasks better than the front-wheel drive analogues. But in the absence of an inter-axis differential in the construction, the inputs are becoming more complicated;
Acceleration at the rear drive faster, it is easily included in driving and easily out of them. This allows you to make rear-wheel drive machines more interesting in management. Although in slippery conditions a negative side of such a system opens.

It is impossible to unequivocally assert that the front, rear or four-wheel drive is better than the rest in terms of security. It is important to take into account how each of them works in different conditions. Working rear-wheel drive in their behavior is noticeably different from the front and complete. Each system needs to be able to competently use. And here the driver's skill plays a big role. Although experts advise the choice also on the existence of the ESP system, which is responsible for the course stability. A magnificent assistant that simplifies the task of managing the machine with any drive. ESP is able to effectively monitor the behavior of the machine and correct the errors that the driver allows.

Patency

Also, drivers are actively arguing as to which drive is better - front, rear or still complete when it comes to passability. Here many will definitely give preference all-wheel drive cars. But you should not hurry with conclusions. It should be understood what the difference and differences between the full, front and rear-wheel drive, when it comes to the need to get out of the complex road situation. Most often with them because of the big snowy drifts. Some important arguments can be brought to this account:

Performance indicators of front-wheel drive cars are somewhat higher, if you compare them with rear-wheel drive vehicles;
When the front axle operates, the wheels are pressed against the ground due to the mass of the engine, which helps to reduce the number of slipping;
The leading wheels of the front axle steering, that is, the driver can determine the direction of movement;
When the car is dropped, the front and four-wheel drive due to the work of the front wheels pulls out the car, and the rear simply move after leading;
Rear-wheel drive cars in such situations behave worse. The back is demolished, and therefore it becomes extremely difficult to control the process;
If you need to get into slippery lifting, the front axle objectively exceeds the back. Here the front wheels can be stopped, but still continue to pull the vehicle. The rear wheels rotate, drop and all the time want to deploy the car;
· The best in terms of lifting on slippery roads will be a four-wheel drive, which is able to climb to the top even without slipping. But it is completely possible to rely on the possibilities of four leading wheels, since the possibilities of such systems are limited.

In terms of passability, the all-wheel drive car objectively wins, and the rear-wheel drive system acts as an obvious outsider. The front-wheel drive was somewhere in the middle, although it is rather closer to the back, rather than complete. If your plans have no conquest of off-road, and you are going to exploit the car only on asphalt, the rear-wheel drive car is quite suitable. When periodically, you have to leave the asphalt roads, choosing in a field or light off-road, you will need a minimum front-wheel drive. And all four leading wheels will be needed in difficult road conditionsWhere there is a lot of snow, dirt, uneven plots, dangerous descents and lifting.

Acceleration

An excellent overclocking of the car can be attributed to the number of objective advantages of the rear drive. If the asphalt is dry, then on this parameter the rear axle works better than the front. At the time of overclocking, the mass of the car goes to the rear wheels, and the front is unloaded. This explains slippets arising from acceleration on the front-wheel drive vehicles. Although here both types of drive are ahead of the car where all four wheels are rotated at the same time. But provided that its capacity is similar or exceeds competitors with front and rear-wheel drive.

Important characteristics

To make a comparison even more objective and understandable, you need to take into account several criteria. It is they who can largely suggest a motorist, which car it is better to buy.

By fuel consumption, the first favorite is a car with front-wheel drive. It is more economical rear-wheel drive versions of approximately 5-7%. BUT all-wheel drive cars occupy the last position because they consume fuel in the greatest quantity;
In the rear-wheel drive, there are no drive shafts in the front wheels. It increases maximum corner turning and reduces the reversal radius, which becomes a useful advantage in dense traffic;
Production of front drive for automobile companies Cheaper in comparison with rear-wheel drive cars, in connection with which such cars are usually more accessible by price on the market. Availability led to the growth of the popularity of front-wheel drive cars, which are produced significantly more than rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive together;
Weight argument in favor of the front leading wheels performs handling on a slippery road. Such machines do not impose increased requirements for the driver's skill level, which you will not say about the car, where the drive goes to the back pair of wheels.

Choosing a new or used car with front or rear-type drive, most car enthusiasts will prefer the first option. And there is a number of explanations and objective reasons. Such machines are available, economical, easier arranged and do not require greater experience and special skills from the driver himself. Buy a car with a rear-wheel drive system standing in the situation where you have great experience driving, and you want to receive pleasure from this process. Manage the machine with rear-wheel drive is very interesting. Feelings are noticeably different from those that are observed during the operation of the front-wheel drive vehicle. But be prepared for certain difficulties.

Variants of full drive

Increasingly, recently, buyers prefer all-wheel drive vehicles. This can be explained by a gradual decrease in the cost of machines with a drive to all existing four wheels, as well as a variety of systems. You already know what the four-wheel drive differs from the system. front type. Now you need to figure it out in the features of the most complete drive. To do this, explore the diversity of systems that happen:

constant;
manually connected;
connected automatically.

Each automotive full drive system has its own distinctive features. And they are not so much similar, as it may seem at first glance. We will analyze all variations of the full drive separately.

Constant

There are four vehicle wheels have a permanent connection with the power unit of the car, each of which is enough for the roadbed and helps push the car forward. For many road situations, this is an important advantage. But really a permanent four-wheel drive manifests itself only with an additional connected course stability system. It helps to slow down a definite wheel, preventing unwanted slipping. Machines with such a type of permanent drive consume a large amount of fuel, although there are back side in the form of increased reliability. If you plan to buy a car equipped with full permanent driveTo conquer off-road, be sure to make sure that the inter-axis and central differentials are blocked. Otherwise, the result of the passage of complex sites may disappoint you frankly.

Manually connected

Many complain that manually connected the full drive system is very uncomfortable and morally obsolete. This is true. But if you look poured on the passability, then it is that such a drive, it is the highest. In the mode of ordinary daily work machines are rear-wheel drive. If necessary, the driver can manually connect the front wheels to work. But to do this, first will have to stop. Operate the car when the front axle is constantly connected, it is meaningless and even dangerous. In this mode, the load on the distribution box increases, the activity of rubber wear is increased. Another minus such a system is increased flow fuel car. And here it is not so important, the driver has connected the front axle or not. Although it is impossible to say that in manually connected full drive there are no advantages. Such machines are perfectly shown in off-road conditions. Plus, high reliability of the system itself is noted.

Automatically connected

If you are looking for the most modern system A full drive, which is characterized by excellent prospects, then it is worth stopping your choice on automatically connected. Engineers themselves note that the system is not yet perfect, certain refinement and improvement are required. Therefore, the possibilities of such cars are better not to experience in conditions of serious off-road. Automakers have their own embodiments of the automatically plug-in full drive. But the principle of everyone is the same. It lies in the fact that one wheel pair is connected to the engine on an ongoing basis, and the second can independently connect when the need arises. Multidisk couplings are used to connect. Behind automatic inclusion The second pair of wheels responds electronics. Therefore, in the usual operation, the machine is a rear-wheel or front-wheel drive, depending on the specific car model. And when the electronics understands that the conditions are becoming more difficult, the car is hard to overcome obstacles only with two wheels, the second pair connects.

The key advantage of the automatically plug-in system is economical and simplicity of use. No need to make stops and connect wheels. The computer in automatic mode connects the second pair of wheels when the real need arises in the transition to a more passable four-wheel drive. But we must not forget that the reliability of a multi-disc clutch is not so impressive as the classical system of the manually connected full drive. The automation will be the best solution for overcoming urban snow drifts, slippery lifts and light and medium off-road. But with departure in heavy conditions It is better not to experiment, because there is no automatic drive for all four wheels yet since the best side.

Advantages and disadvantages

If you simplify all the conclusions made earlier, then we can say that the best by car drive It is a complete, complemented by the course stability system. But such cars are expensive in price and expensive in terms of service. Plus do not forget about the active consumption of fuel. If you want to become the owner of economical and easier in managing the car, then your definitely the best choice will be the drive to the front wheels. In all its characteristics, such a machine will become the optimal choice for a beginner and the experienced driver, which is important reliability, confidence and optimal combination of price and quality. But rear-wheel drive cars are suitable only experienced driversThe purpose of which is to get driving pleasure. Considering all these factors, you can make certain conclusions regarding the strengths and weaknesses of each type of drive. Let's start with front-wheel drive vehicles. Their main advantages include:

low market value;
efficiency (low fuel consumption);
the best cargo permafendment in comparison with rear-wheel drive competitors;
good course stability when driving on slippery road areas.

There are no serious disadvantages of such cars. As for the rear-wheel drive cars, there are such advantages here:

best overclocking;
good way out of drifts;
no slip when starting.

The disadvantages include weak adaptedness of operation outside the asphalt road. In winter, driving such a car is extremely difficult. Especially if necessary, call on the hill in the slippery area. Their price is somewhat higher, and fuel they consume a little more than the front-wheel drive competitors. The full drive has its own strengths and weaknesses. Advantages include:

excellent acceleration;
increased patency.

But from the disadvantages allocate high fuel consumption, increased value in the market, as well as pretty expensive service and repair. Here each can make its own conclusions. Determine the objective leader is difficult, since there are different evaluation criteria.

So, the motorists themselves have their own characteristics on which they base their own selection of vehicle. It is important in terms of management, so the front-wheel drive will be the best choice for them. Others want new sensations, and therefore the optimal solution will be a rear-wheel drive. Do not forget about all-wheel drive vehicleshaving different embodiments, their strengths and weaknesses. Each drive in something wins, and for some indicators loses to competitors. Recommend to the fact that you are waiting for the car. This will be the starting point for you to select the most suitable type of drive.

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