Gas oil volume 66. Filling capacities and norms

1.1. GAZ-53A and GAZ-66. General technical data

GAZ-66 car (fig. 1) - two-axle truck, with a carrying capacity of 2 tons, high cross-country ability with drive on both axles.
It is intended to replace the GA3-63 of the same type produced by the plant.

Figure: 1. Car GA3-66
The GAZ-66 car has modifications:
GAZ-66-01 - a car with a tire pressure control system;
GAZ-66-02 - a car with a winch in the tire pressure control system;
GA3-66-04- a car with a tire pressure control system and shielded electrical equipment;
GA3-66-05- a car with a winch, a tire pressure regulation system and shielded electrical equipment.
When creating the GAZ-66 car, special attention was paid to obtaining high cross-country ability and stability when driving.
To obtain a rational distribution of the axle load on the GA3-66, the cab is located above the engine.

GAZ-5ZA car (Fig. 2) with a lifting capacity of 4 tons with a drive to the rear axle is intended for the transportation of various national economic goods on all types of roads.

Figure: 2. Car GAZ-53A
The main components of cars (engine, clutch, gearbox, brakes, etc.), electrical units, normals, etc. unified.
The last technical advances the automotive industry for the period of the 1970s - a number of new solutions were adopted that ensure the convenience of the driver, increase reliability, durability, and performance. reducing the labor intensity of service.

Technical characteristics of cars

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Loading capacity, kg		4000	2000
The greatest weight of the towed trailer with cargo, kg		4000	2000
Curb weight (without additional equipment), kg		3250	Z440 *
Overall dimensions of the car, mm	length	6395	5655
	width	2380	2342
	height (in the cab without load)	2220	2440
	height (on awning without load)	-	2520
Car base, mm		3700	3300
Front wheel track (on the ground), mm		1630	1800
Rear wheel track, mm		1690	1750
The lowest points of the car (with full load), mm	drive axle case	265	310
The lowest points of the car (with full load), mm	front axle	347	-
Turning radius on outside track front wheel, m		8	9,5
Highest speed a car with a full load without a trailer (on a horizontal section of the road with an improved surface), km / h		80 - 86	90 - 95
Control fuel consumption when measured in summer time for a run-in vehicle running at full load in fourth gear at a constant speed of 30 - 40 km / h dry flat road with improved coverage and short ascents not exceeding 1.5% (1 °), l / 100 km		24	24
The depth of the ford to be overcome on a solid bottom, m		-	0,8

* The weight of the car equipped with a winch is 3640 kg.

Engine

The number of cylinders and their arrangement.			8, V-shaped
Cylinder diameter, mm			92
Piston stroke, mm			80
Working volume of cylinders, l			4,25
Compression ratio (average)			6,7
Maximum power (limited by the regulator) at 3200 rpm, hp			115
Maximum torque at 2200-2500 rpm, kgm			29
The order of the cylinders			1-5-4-2-6-3-8
Cylinder block			Cast from an aluminum alloy together with the upper part of the crankcase, equipped with wet easily removable sleeves, which in the upper part have an insert made of anticorrosive cast iron
Cylinder heads			Removable aluminum alloy, common to four cylinders of each row
Pistons			Aluminum alloy, tin-plated, flat bottom
Piston rings			Cast iron, two compression in one oil scraper; upper compression ring chrome plated, others tinned
Piston pins			Floating type, steel, hollow
Connecting rods			Steel, forged, I-section, with a bushing in the top head and steel bushings, with an anti-friction layer in the bottom
Crankshaft			Cast from ductile iron, four-knee. There are dirt traps in the connecting rod journals
Main bearings			Thin-walled, trimetallic liners, identical for each of the five supports
Camshaft			Steel, forged, on five bearings, equipped with rolling sleeves with an anti-friction layer
Drive unit camshaft			A pair of helical gears
Valves			Located in a row in the cylinder head. Discharge valves are sodium cooled
Valve drive			Pushers, rods and rocker arms
Gas distribution phases lening (with a clearance between the valves in the rocker arms 0, З5 mm)	intake valves;	opening	24 ° to V.M. T
		closure	64 ° after N.M.T
	exhaust valves;	opening	50 ° to N.M.T
		closure	22 ° after V.M.T
Inlet and outlet piping			The intake manifold is cast from an aluminum alloy with liquid heating mixtures; exhaust pipes (right and left) - cast iron
Lubrication system			Combined: under pressure and spray
Oil pump			Gear type, two-piece. From the upper section oil is supplied to lubricate the engine, the lower section supplies oil to the centrifugal oil filter
Oil filter			Centrifugal
Crankcase ventilation			Open type
Engine cooling			Liquid, forced, with a centrifugal pump. The cooling system has a thermostat installed in the outlet
Fan			Six-bladed, driven by a V-belt from crankshaft
Fuel pump			Diaphragm, with additional manual drive
Fuel filter			Ceramic or mesh
Carburetor			K-126B, two-chamber, balanced, with a falling flow
Speed \u200b\u200blimiter			Pneumatic centrifugal type
Air filter			Oil bath with contact filter element

Transmission and chassis

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Clutch		Single disc, dry
Transmission		Three-way, with synchronizers in third and fourth gears
Gear ratios:	first gear	6,48
	second gear	3,09
	third gear	1,71
	fourth gear	1,0
	reverse	7,9
Transfer case		There are two gears: direct and low with a gear ratio of 1.982
Cardan transmission		Open type, has cardan joints with needle bearings
		Has two shafts and three cardan joints with an intermediate support	Has three shafts and six cardan shafts
Main transfer of driving axles		Conical, hypoid type, gear ratio 6,83
Differential		Gear, conical	Cam, high friction
Swivel pins		Flanged, pivot	Have cardan joints equal angular velocities
Tires		Low pressure 8.25 - 20 or type P	Ultra-low pressure 12.00 - 18
Front wheel alignment angles:	camber angle	1 °	0 ° 45´
	pivot angle	8 °	9 °
	the angle of inclination of the lower end of the pivot forward	2 ° 30 '	3 ° 30 '
	toe-in	1.5 - 3 mm	2 - 5 mm
Springs		Four longitudinal semi-elliptical, ends embedded in rubber mounts
		The rear suspension has additional springs	-
Shock absorbers		Hydraulic, telescopic double-acting
		Installed on the front axle	Installed on both bridges

Steering and brakes

	GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Steering type	Globoidal worm with three-ridge roller
Gear ratio	20.5 (average)
Power steering	Hydraulic
Longitudinal steering rod	Tubular. The tie rod connections with the steering arm and the pivot lever have ball pins and springs, the tightening of which is adjusted
Transverse tie rod	Tubular, connected to the levers by means of non-adjustable hinges	Rod, connected to the levers of the pivot pins by means of ball pins
Foot brakes	Shoe on four wheels
Coaster brake drive	Hydraulic with hydraulic vacuum booster
Hand brake	Central, drum type
	On the driven shaft of the gearbox	On the driven shaft of the transfer case

Electrical equipment, cab, platform and additional equipment

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
System wiring		Single-wire with connection of the negative terminal to ground
Mains voltage, V		12
Generator		G130-G, 350 W	G130-V or G130-E, 350 W
Relay-regulator		RR130	PP130 or PP111
Accumulator battery		6-ST-68-EM
Starter		ST130B with remote activation
Ignition coil		B13	B13 or B5-A with additional resistance SE102
Interrupter-distributor		R13-B	P13-B or P105
Spark plug		A11-U	A11-U or A15-B
Cabin		Metal, double, two-door. The cab is equipped with a heater, two windscreen wipers, a glass washer, sun shades, soft seats, floor mats. There is a removable hanging berth
Platform		Wooden with a metal frame. Drop sides - rear and both side	Metallic. It has three longitudinal benches and a soft removable awning. Rear tailgate
Platform dimensions, mm	length	3740	3330
	width	2170	2050
	board height	680	890
Winch		-	Maximum effort on a rope 3500 kg. Cable length 50m. Drive unit cardan shafts from the power take-off
Power take-off		-	Has two gears: for winding and unwinding the cable
Compressor		-	Single Cylinder Air Cooled

ADJUSTMENT DATA

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Clearance between rocker arms and valves on a cold engine (temperature 15 - 20 ° С), mm It is allowed to set the clearance at the extreme valves of both rows (intake of the first and eighth, exhaust of the fourth and fifth cylinders), mm
Gaps between the electrode of candles, mm		0,8 - 0,9
Clearances in the breaker, mm		0,3 - 0,4
Free travel of the clutch pedal, mm		32 - 42	35 - 45
Free travel of the brake pedal, mm		8 - 13
Tire pressure, kgf / m2	front wheels	2,8*	2.8
	rear wheels	4,3*	2,8

* When installing type P tires, the pressure in them should be: on the front wheels 5 kgf / m² and the rear wheels - 6 kgf / m²

Refueling capacities and norms

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Fuel tanks (capacity), l		90	210**
Engine cooling system, l	with starting heater	23
	without starting heater	21,5
Engine lubrication system (including centrifugal filter), l		8
Air filter, l		0,55
Gearbox housing, l		3,0
Transmission housing with power take-off, l		-	4,2
Transfer case crankcase, l		-	1,5
Rear axle housing, l		8,2	6,4
Front axle housing, l		-	7,7
Steering gear case, l		0,5
Shock absorbers (each separately), l		0,41
Winch reducer housing, l		-	0,8
Power steering, l		-	1,8
Front wheel hubs (each separately), kg		-	0,25
Swivel pins of the front axle, kg		-	1,0
System hydraulic drive foot brake, l		-	0,75

** Two tanks

At the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1964, the GAZ 66 truck was developed and put into production. At first, the GAZ 66 engine of the same name was installed on it, after which it was replaced by the more powerful ZMZ 66-06. Since 1980, GAZ 66 cars began to be aggregated motors ZMZ 511, nowadays ZMZ 513 is being installed. The GAZ 66 car belongs to the category of all-wheel drive trucks. This unique truck continues to enjoy great popularity due to its excellent off-road performance.

Technical characteristics of the GAZ 66 engine

Motor type	Carburetor (K-126, K-135)
Number of cylinders	8
Number of measures	4
Layout	Y-shaped motor
Cooling system type	liquid
Engine displacement GAZ 66, ZMZ 511	4.254 liters
Engine power GAZ 66, ZMZ 511	120 horsepower
Torque	284.4 Nm (at 2500 rpm crankshaft)
Cylinder diameter	92 mm
Piston stroke length	80 mm
Motor weight	262 kg
Compression ratio	6,7
Consumed fuel	gasoline A-76 (low-octane)
The amount of fuel consumed per 100 km	from 20 to 25 liters
Cylinder switching formula	1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8

The design of the GAZ 66 engine includes a pre-heater of the PZhB 12 brand.

Application area engine ZMZ 511 and its modifications are medium-duty trucks:

GAZ-53;
GAZ-66;
GAZ – 3307;
GAZ-66-1;
GAZ-66A, B, D, P, E;
GAZ-66-01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16.

On the basis of ZMZ 511, a modification of ZMZ 513 was created. This model the motor is designed for vehicles operated in difficult conditions:

Military equipment.
Cross-country cargo transportation, etc.

The new power unit has a number of significant differences from the base model:

The weight of the ZMZ-513 engine is 275 kg.
The engine sump has a different configuration.
Working elements of electrical equipment are made in shielded design.

Design features of the GAZ 66 engine (ZMZ 511)

Gas engine internal combustion has a carburetor-type power system.

Cylinders with a diameter of 92 mm are located at right angles.
The distance between the axes of adjacent cylinders is 123 mm.
The pistons drive the crankshaft.
The engine is equipped with a closed liquid cooling system.
The coolant circulates under the influence of a special pump - forced cooling.
The lubrication system works both under pressure and by oil spray - combined.

The cylinder block is made of AL-4 aluminum alloy casting.

The cylinder liners are made of special alloyed cast iron, the diameter is 100 mm, the height is 153, respectively.
The sleeves have a lower fixation, the upper part is fixed under the influence of the cylinder head block head.
In the lower part there are sealing rings made of copper.
Due to the 75 mm displacement of the lower part of the cylinder block relative to the crankshaft axis, its rigidity is significantly increased.
The weight of the body part of the cylinder block is 44 kg.

For the manufacture of the crankshaft, cast iron is used. Manufacturing material - high-strength cast iron VCh-50. The bearing journals and connecting rod journals are hardened.

Root necks with a diameter of 70 - 69, 9 mm;
Connecting rods - 60 - 59.9 mm.

In order to reduce the weight of the ZMZ 511 engine, forged connecting rods are used. The values \u200b\u200bof their parameters:

Length - 156 mm;
Weight - 0.86 kg;
The top hole diameter is 25 mm.

Piston parameters:

Weight - 0.565 kg;
Height - 51 mm;
Diameter - 92 - 91.99 mm;
The inner diameter of the piston pin is 16 mm;
Outside - 25 mm.

Features of maintenance of the GAZ 66 (ZMZ 511) engine

Regardless of which engine is on the GAZ 66, it needs mandatory periodic maintenance. The duration of service depends on the quality and timeliness of maintenance activities. power unit... The list of requirements for engine care includes the following items:

When replacing fuel and lubricating fluids, it is necessary to fill in engine oil, gasoline of the recommended brands.
In the process of carrying out the next maintenance, it is necessary to tighten the cylinder head mountings (only on a cooled engine).
Monitor the operating temperature of the power unit, do not allow it to overheat.
Check the tightness of the nut that secures the outlet pipe, retighten it if necessary to avoid the penetration of coolant into the lubricant.
Check piston rings and bearing shells for troubleshooting. At the slightest deformations and other deviations from the norm, urgently replace them with new parts.

Before changing the lubricant, it is necessary to find out which oil is most suitable for the GAZ 66 engine and in what quantity to fill it.

For the GAZ 66, ZMZ 511, ZMZ 513 engine, as well as modifications, it is recommended to use the following brands of engine oil:

ASZp-10;
M-5z / 10A;
M-6z / 10V;
Mobil Delvac 1330;
Mobil Delvac MX 15W / 40, 10W / 30;
SSPMO;
Lukoil 15W40.

The volume of lubricant for motors of this line is 10 liters. The engine oil is changed after the next run, equal to 6-10,000 kilometers.

The main problems of GAZ 66 (ZMZ 511) engines and their modifications

All internal combustion engines in this series have similar faults and typical problems:

Oil drips around the rear main bearing gland.
Reduced pressure in the engine lubrication system.
Increased consumption of engine oil.

If a situation arises when oil consumption exceeds 0.4 liters with a run of 100 kilometers, and the instruments show a sharp decrease in pressure in the lubrication system, it is necessary to send the vehicle for diagnostics with subsequent repair.

Tip: If control device pressure is faulty, it can be replaced with a pressure gauge. Before measuring pressure, warm up the power unit thoroughly. Normal pressure is considered: in mode idle move - 0.5 kgf / cm2 or 1 kgf / cm.kv at medium speed.

If the oil pressure in the system is too low, it is strictly forbidden to operate the vehicle.

Decreased compression in the cylinders is also a negative factor, indicating a malfunction of the internal combustion engine. Compression is measured with a special device called a compressor. Before using it, you must:

unscrew the spark plugs;
open the throttle valve;
disconnect the power supply to the high voltage wiring.

GAZ 66 engine tuning

Many car owners are in no hurry to part with vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines that have long been discontinued. At the same time, numerous attempts are being made to modernize it. Of course, we are not talking about chip tuning, since the electronic control unit is not included in the design of this power unit.

To improve the power characteristics of the GAZ 66 engine, the following methods are used:

The design of the engine is changed to fit modern gas distribution devices.
The carburetor fuel supply system is replaced with an injector.
Turbocharging is installed.

As a result of such forcing, such specificationslike economy, engine power. It should be remembered that the GAZ 66 engine is a rather old device. To get the desired result, the owner of the car will have to spend a lot of material resources and free time.

For big enthusiasts, there is a high-cost method that is not inferior to a major overhaul of the power unit. Its essence boils down to transforming the GAZ 66 engine into an analogue of the PAZ model ZMZ 523.

The owner purchases and installs the following parts:

New PAZ 3205 crankshaft.
Liners ZMZ 5234.
Set of elements piston group assembled (for example, "Motordetal Kostroma").
Oil seals, gaskets.

To increase the compression ratio to 8.5, the head body is cut off by 1.8 mm (no more, otherwise difficulties will arise when installing the inlet manifold).

In addition, the native K126 or 135 carburetor is replaced with an Edelbrock 1407 American production... At the same time, all channels are combined in the inlet manifold and a special installation site is prepared by welding, on which a new carburetor will stand.

Replacing the GAZ 66 engine

When tuning a GAZ 66 car, the power unit is often replaced with a diesel engine. Most often, instead of GAZ 66 (ZMZ 511), a diesel internal combustion engine D-245, produced at the Minsk Motor Plant, is installed. Diesel engines of this series are turbocharged.

Interesting: By order of Nicaragua, the manufacturer will re-equip cars of the GAZ 66 series. Instead of native engines, new Minsk diesel engines D 245 are installed on them. If you wish, here you can make an individual order for the modernization of your car.

GAZ 66 is a military vehicle. For a long time, the power unit of the 66th was in operation and was in loyal service of the armed forces. The motor is powerful enough, despite the design flaws.

Specifications

Gorky Automobile Plant did not produce own engines and ordered the production of a motor from the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant. The 66th was equipped with power units that were marked ZMZ 513.

Many people mistakenly believe that the GAZ 66 and ZMZ 513 engines are different motorsbut it is not. According to the official information of the vehicle manufacturer, vehicles were completed with exactly 513 Zavolzhsky power units.

Consider the main technical characteristics that the GAZ 66 (ZMZ 513) engine has:

On the basis of 513 was developed diesel unit D-245, which was also installed on the 66th Lawn, but in significantly smaller quantities than gasoline counterparts. Consider its main technical characteristics:

The applicability of the engine was not limited only to the 66th, but these power units were also installed on the GAZ 3307, as well as the ZIL 130. This is a V-shaped power unit, which has some characteristic differences - a specific sump, large air and oil filter... 513 has an increased weight of 275 kg.

Service

Since the device of the ZMZ 513 engine is similar to the 511, it is also serviced in the same way. Planned maintenance held every 15,000 km.

So, in order to increase the resource of the power unit, it is necessary to correctly and most importantly carry out scheduled maintenance on time. Many motorists do not understand what should go into this process. So, let's take a look at what operations are included in the scheduled maintenance:

Replacing the engine lubricant.
Replacing the oil filter element.
Valve adjustment (every 30,000 km).
Replacing the air filter (after 25,000 km).
Diagnostics of spark plugs (every 20,000 km).
Checking the condition of the gas distribution mechanism (every 30,000 km).

If you look closely, often motorists only change oils and filters. Valve adjustment is carried out only if a characteristic metallic ringing is already heard.

Repairs

Since the motor was developed on the basis of the 511, the problems are the same as those of the older brother. The main problem is the cooling system. By and large, the owners of the power unit are to blame themselves, since they operate the engine on water, which leads to corrosion of the main structural elements... Also, it is worth noting that the weak link in the unit can be called the thermostat and the water pump, which, quite often, fail.

The disadvantage of the motor can be called increased consumption fuel. Many motorists have experimented with decreasing fuel consumption. Most effective options it remains to replace the carburetor.

The owners of the motors prefer to repair the GAZ 66 engine themselves, but when it comes to overhaul, you cannot do without special equipment. In this case, the power unit is sent to a specialized car service.

Oil change

Replace lubricating fluid the motor is simple enough. We are waiting for the engine to cool down. We find the drain hole and substitute a container under it in the size - 10 liters. Usually, 9.6 - 9.8 liters fit into the ZMZ 513 engine. Now that everything is ready, you can proceed directly to the work on changing the oil:

We unscrew the drain plug.
We are waiting for the oil to drain.
We tighten the drain plug by replacing the O-ring.
Pour oil through the filler neck.

As practice shows, a large number of owners of the ZMZ 513 engine use engine oil with marking M-10 or M-10G.

It is perfectly suited for this power unit and has all the necessary technical and physical properties to provide normal work and protection of motor parts.

Conclusion

The GAZ 66 engine has become widespread enough. The motor turned out to be of high quality, but it had a number of drawbacks, since it was designed on the basis of ZMZ 511. Also, there was a modified version of the power unit under the brand name 513.10.

The GAZ-66 all-wheel drive truck became a living legend during the years of its serial production. A unique machine, more than half a century after its creation, continues to be widely used both by organizers of hunting raids and resort "pokatushki", and by those who often have to deal "not with roads, but with directions." So long service GAZ-66 provided its excellent off-road characteristics, with a relatively compact size and simple device.

An important role in the continuation of active practical application This model was also played by the fact that many of these cars are today in a fairly decent technical condition.

Due to the fact that during the period of the withdrawal of the GAZ-66 from the armed forces, many had a real opportunity to purchase this one, removed from conservation, for relatively little money, army all-terrain vehicle... And a lot of them were kept on conservation!

Among the people, GAZ-66 received the nickname "shisharik" or "shishiga". Not by analogy with the "kin of the devil that lives in the reeds" (meaning of the ancient Slavic word "shishiga"), but simply by consonance with the phrase "sixty-six".

Design features of the GAZ-66; briefly about its differences from the GAZ-63

GAZ-66 - Soviet truck with a 4 × 4 wheel arrangement; frame structure, hoodless layout; with a carrying capacity of 2 tons. This truck at one time repeatedly became a laureate of various exhibitions, including international ones. But the biggest award of the 66th is nationwide love and recognition, for its reliability and reliability in the most difficult operating conditions.

The amazing cross-country ability of the GAZ-66, which has repeatedly helped out many in our country, is achieved, to a large extent, due to the self-locking differentials of the front and rear axles used in it. But not only that.

When developing a new four wheel drive truck the design team of the Gorky Automobile Plant relied on the design of a 2-ton off-road truck produced in 1948-1968. This model can rightfully be called the predecessor and prototype of the 66th. However, the GAZ-66 became a completely new design - a cabover with a reclining cab.

The predecessor of the Shishigi is the all-wheel drive GAZ-63.

Serious comparative tests have convincingly shown the significant superiority of the GAZ-66 over its predecessor. A GAZ-66 car with a full load in the back (2 tons), plus with a trailer weighing another 2 tons, was able to cross the sandy desert in any direction.

In the same conditions, the GAZ-63 car could not move far even without a trailer. It was found that GAZ-66 can overcome sandy rises of 22-23 °, and GAZ-63 - rises of no more than 4 °.

If the GAZ-63 truck is able to move on virgin snow with a depth of up to 0.4 m, then the GAZ-66 car has this indicator - 0.7 m.For the 66th, a new, more powerful engine was developed that improved its dynamic characteristics and, in ultimately, contributing to increased cross-country ability. Self-locking limited slip differentials were used in the driving axles, which ensured the ability to transfer up to 80% of the torque to one wheel.

The location of the cab above the engine made it possible, with a wheelbase equal to that of the GAZ-63 car, to increase the useful length of the cargo platform and place spare wheel behind the cab. This made it possible to lower the loading height of the platform. Which, in turn, contributed to the improvement lateral stability car.

Tests have established: if the GAZ-63, when driving with a low-lying (slightly above the level of the sides) load on a concrete platform along a curve of a radius of 25 m, begins to tip over on its side at a speed of 44 km / h, then the GA3-66 truck does not lose stability under these conditions at all speeds. And only at a speed of over 65 km / h it drifts (lateral skid, without overturning).

Better stability of the GAZ-66 was also given by a better balance of the center of gravity and an increase in the front wheel track - by 200 mm, and rear wheels - 150 mm. For the 66th, new tires with an increased profile were also developed, with developed lugs (tire size 12.00-18).

The installation of spacer rings in the wheel makes it possible for the GAZ-66 to move on soft soils with a tire pressure reduced to 0.5 kg / cm2. Decreasing tire pressure provides a larger tire surface area, dramatically reducing the specific ground pressure.

Serious improvements were made to the chassis of the main GAZ truck SUV. On the GAZ-63, the springs were short and hard, and on the GAZ-66 they used long and soft springs. Therefore, GAZ-63, when passing ditches, is prone to diagonal hanging of the wheels. But this completely stops the car: the wheels are spinning - the car is stationary! GAZ-66 confidently overcomes the strongest uneven terrain.

The placement of the cab above the engine ensured an even distribution of the total axle load: 47% - on the front axle and 53% - on the rear, while the GAZ-63 vehicle has the axle load distribution of 37 and 63%, respectively. Thanks to this feature, the grip weight of the vehicle is realized equally by both axles.

GAZ-66 in service in the USSR Airborne Forces

These features of the GAZ-66 are an excellent location of the center of gravity, almost equal load on the front and rear axles; compactness due to the cabin above the engine - gave the start to a long-term successful "career" of the machine in the airborne troops of the USSR. "Shishiga" is the only serial "paratrooper" truck in the history of our army.

GAZ-66B - the original landing version with a folding cockpit.

During 1965, the GAZ-66 successfully passed the entire complex of tests on ground stands and in real airborne assault from different heights, and on March 2, 1966, by order of the USSR Minister of Defense No. 38, the GAZ-66B landing vehicle was adopted by the Soviet Army Airborne Forces. It differed from the serial folding cab with a soft top and a folding windshield frame. The fact is that at that time the military transport aviation had AN-8 and AN-12 aircraft, in the cargo cabs of which the GAZ-66, installed on the parachute platform, did not fit in height.

When the Il-76 became the main transport aircraft in the army, this problem was removed, and the GAZ-66 with a conventional all-metal cabin began to arrive in the airborne forces. "Shishiga" has excellently proved itself in real combat and close to combat conditions of military exercises and local military conflicts.

Except for one - in the conditions of mine ambushes of Afghan dushmans. The limited internal volume of the cockpit and its location directly above the wheels turned out to be dangerous for the crew in the event of a mine explosion, so the GAZ-66 was withdrawn from the combat units in Afghanistan shortly after the start of this ten-year war.

GAZ-66 on landing platforms.

As of 2017, the GAZ-66 remained the only one in the history of the landing by truck... Although there is a project to create a more modern airmobile truck, within the framework of the KamAZ-Mustang program; there are prototypes of this successor to the GAZ-66 in the Airborne Forces; its tests are scheduled for 2018-2019.

The GAZ-66 was withdrawn from the armed forces in the late 90s. According to the modern concept, the Airborne Forces does not need trucks dropped from aircraft - only for the transport of personnel. After all, for 40 years now, tracked floating lightly armored BMDs have been used, with cannon and machine-gun armament and the ability to install ATGMs, AGS and other effective weapons on them.

About the history of GAZ-66

However, those who talk about the purely military purpose of the "shishiga" are, of course, wrong. The GAZ-66 was developed at the turn of the 50s / 60s of the twentieth century as a multifunctional all-terrain chassis for a universal range of applications.

First of all, of course, in the armed forces, but far from the least, in the national economy. This vehicle has served many times a good service to geologists and oilmen, forestry specialists, etc., etc.

Really outstanding personalities had a hand in the creation of GAZ-66, whose names are inscribed in golden letters in the history of the enterprise and the entire domestic engineering industry: designers Alexander Prosvirnin, Oleg Obraztsov, Rostislav Zavorotny. Pavel Syrkin headed the development of a new engine for an off-road truck.

The first batch of GAZ-66 trucks was released in 1962, and on July 1, 1964, the model entered mass production. The triumph of the new off-road truck was the super-auto rally organized in 1967 along the unthinkable route Gorky - Vladivostok - Gorky. Most of the way passed through the Urals, Siberia, Transbaikalia and the Far East, in conditions of fierce off-road.

GAZ-66 trucks withstood this severe test with flying colors. In 1968, a centralized tire pressure regulation system was also introduced into the machine.

GAZ-66 lasted on the factory assembly line, in different modifications, up to 1995. Then it was replaced by a family of all-wheel drive vehicles built on the same platform and equipped with diesel engines. The latest, 965,941st in a row, a copy of GAZ-66 rolled off the assembly line of the Gorky Automobile Plant exactly on the eve of the 35th anniversary of the mass production of the model: July 1, 1999. But it was no longer a serial (conveyor), but a piece assembly from the remaining vehicle kits.

Technical characteristics of GAZ-66 in numbers

Max. length (with winch): 5.806 m; Width: 2.322 m; Height of the awning without load: 2.520 m; Cab height with gross weight: 2490 mm.
Carrying capacity: 2000 kg; Weight: 3470 kg; Allowed maximum mass: 5940 kg.
Wheelbase: 3.3 m; Front wheel track: 1.8 m; Rear wheel track: 1.75 m.
Ground clearance: from 315 mm to 870 mm.
Turning radius: 9.5 m.
Wading depth (along the bottom): 0.8 m.
The volume of fuel tanks: 2 x 105 liters.

GAZ-66 engine

Standard engine GAZ-66 - ZMZ-66 Zavolzhsky Motor Plant - carburetor, eight-cylinder four-stroke, V-shaped layout, liquid-cooled. Working volume this motor - 4254 cubic centimeters.

Power - 120 horsepower.
Maximum torque (at a crankshaft speed of 2500 rpm) - 284.4 Nm.
The cylinder diameter is 92 mm. The piston stroke is 80 mm.
Compression ratio: 6.7.
Engine weight: 262 kg.
Carburetor type: K-126 (until the end of the 80s) or K-135 (the remaining years of production).
Fuel type: low-octane gasoline (A-76).
Fuel consumption: 20-25 liters per 100 kilometers.

The GAZ-66 engine turned out to be both shorter and smaller in size than the GAZ-63 engine. The engine of the GAZ-66 car was also equipped with pre-heater PZhB-12.

The ZMZ-66-06 motor under the Shishiga cabin.

A much smaller part of the GAZ-66 trucks were equipped with an engine ZMZ-513.10, which is an improved version of the ZMZ-66-06 engine at the turn of the 80s / 90s (the same volume, power - 125 hp)

In the 90s, a small amount of GAZ-66 with a diesel engine was also produced. GAZ-544 power 85 hp and a torque of 235 Nm; as well as with turbocharged diesel engines GAZ-5441. (116 hp). These modifications received an index GAZ-66-41.

Manufacturer-defined maximum speed is 90 km / h. Although it is possible to independently remove the engine speed limiter (then it will be possible to accelerate to 110-120 kilometers per hour), this vehicle this, in general, is useless.

Transmission, chassis, steering and braking

The gearbox for the GAZ-66 is mechanical, 4-speed, with synchronizers in the 3rd and 4th gears. The transfer case has two gears, with a reduction and a disengageable front axle. Enabling direct transmission to the RK does not mean disabling the front axle. It is switched on by a separate lever and can work in any gear in the "transfer case". The type of steering is a globoidal worm with a three-ridge roller, there is a hydraulic booster.

In order to facilitate driving, not only synchronizers are used. For the same purpose, a hydraulic booster was introduced into the steering design, a braking system with a hydraulic vacuum brake booster was used. The clutch is made on a single-disc type, and a hydraulic drive is also installed.

Front and rear suspension - on longitudinal semi-elliptical springs with double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers, the GAZ-66 was distinguished by its smooth running. Due to the single leaf springs on the rear axle and limited slip differentials in the final drives, this vehicle must not be overloaded.

The service brake system is separate (but this technical solution was applied only in the 80-90s of the model's production); parking - drum transmission brake. Working mechanism brake system - drum, has a hydraulic drive and a hydraulic vacuum amplifier. This design provides good braking performance on any road surface. Parking brake acts on all wheels of the truck. But the "handbrake" is installed on the rear axle drive shaft. And in this case, it can block the front wheels only when the front axle is turned on in the “razdatka”.

GAZ-66 bridges

GAZ-66 hypoid drive axles. The design of the GAZ-66 rear axle is represented by the following units and parts: crankcase, assembled gearbox, two axle shafts. The gearbox is located in the crankcase: there is a special thickening for it. It ensures the optimum number of revolutions transmitted from the driveline to the axle shaft and increases the torque at the wheels.

The GAZ-66 gearbox consists of a housing, a leading and a driven gear wheel of the main gear, an assembly differential and bearings. Front axle Gas-66 includes the same gearbox as in the back.

Rear axle GAZ-66 - unit with one-piece axle beam; main gear single, hypoid, fully unloaded axle shafts.

Body and cabin of GAZ-66

The body of the GAZ-66 is a metal platform, along the high lattice sides of which folding benches are located. The tailgate opens, the awning is stretched on five arcs.

The all-metal cab contains two unified seats - for the driver and for the passenger, separated by an upper engine cover. To rest the driver when long trips a suspended sleeping place is provided in the cab. Simply put, a canvas hammock with four hooks.

The atmosphere in the cockpit is more than brutal and spartan - there is only metal around, nothing superfluous. But the comfort is still better than that of its predecessor, the GAZ-63: the cab is equipped with efficient ventilation and heating, blowing and washing devices for the windshield.

Nowadays, GAZ-66 ride vacationers in many resorts of the Krasnodar Territory.

For inspection and repair of the motor, the cab is fairly easy to tilt forward on the hinges. Between the driver's seat and the passenger's seat there is a non-removable engine cover, and because of this, the curved gear lever is located to the right-rear of the driver. This causes considerable inconvenience when shifting gears; you still need to get used to such a lever.

Overview of modifications of the GAZ-66

GAZ-66-1 (1964-1968) - the first model without a centralized tire pressure regulation system.
GAZ-66A (1964-1968) - with a winch.
GAZ-66B (since 1966) - for the USSR Airborne Forces, with a telescopic steering column, a folding cab top and a folding windshield frame.
GAZ-66D (1964-1968) - chassis with a power take-off.
GAZ-66P – truck tractor (did not receive distribution).

GAZ-66E (1964-1968) - with shielded electrical equipment
GAZ-66-01 (1968-1985) – base model, there is centralized system regulation of air pressure in tires.
GAZ-66-02 (1968-1985) - plus a winch.
GAZ-66-03 (1964-1968) - with shielded electrical equipment.
GAZ-66-04 (1968-1985) - chassis with shielded electrical equipment.
GAZ-66-05 (1968-1985) - with shielded electrical equipment and a winch.
GAZ-66-11 (1985-1996) - modernized basic model. By the way, it still serves as an aircraft tractor on the Admiral Kuznetsov heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser.
GAZ-66-12 (1985-1996) - modernized, with a winch.
GAZ-66-14 (1985-1996) - chassis with shielded electrical equipment.
GAZ-66-15 (1985-1996) - with shielded electrical equipment and a winch.
GAZ-66-16 (1991-1993) - a modernized version with a 125-horsepower ZMZ-513.10 engine, with reinforced tires and single wheels, modified brakes, a platform without wheel wells, and a load capacity increased to 2.3 tons.

GAZ-66-21 (1993-1995) - a national economic modification, with double tires on the rear axle and a wooden platform type, with a carrying capacity of 3.5 tons.
GAZ-66-31 - chassis for the installation of tipper bodies.
GAZ-66-41 (1992-1995) - with an atmospheric diesel engine GAZ-544.
GAZ-66-40 (1995-1999) - equipped with a turbocharged GAZ-5441 diesel engine.
GAZ-66-92 (1987-1995) - for the northern regions.
GAZ-66-96 - special chassis for rotational buses

For export to fraternal (and not very fraternal, too) countries went GAZ-66-51 (1968-1985); GAZ-66-52 (1968-1985) - with a winch; GAZ-66-81 (1985-1995) - for countries with a temperate climate; GAZ-66-91 (1985-1995) - tropical version.

Overview of common special vehicles based on GAZ-66

AP-2 is a dressing room, an army mobile folding medical station. An extended version of the serial transport ambulance of the USSR Armed Forces.

AS-66 - transport army ambulance for the evacuation of the wounded.
DDA-66 - a disinfection and shower vehicle for sanitary and hygienic and disinfection measures.
DPP-40 - a pontoon park, a special vehicle of army engineering units for guiding crossings over water obstacles.
GZSA-731, 983A, 947, 3713, 3714 - vans such as "Mail", "Bread" and "Medicines".
MZ-66 - oil filler.
P-125 and P-142 - command and staff vehicles / radio stations with a kung.

R-142 command vehicle.

3902, 3903, 39021, 39031 - mobile workshops for providing technical assistance to agricultural machinery. ("Technics", or "gaits").
2001, 2002, 3718, 3719, 3716, 3924, 39521 - mobile mobile clinics.
GAZ-SAZ-3511 - dump truck for agricultural purposes (assembly on the GAZ-66-31 chassis in Saransk, Udmurtia).

PAZ-3201 - all-wheel drive version of the PAZ-672.
PAZ-3206, all-wheel drive version of the PAZ-3205.

The frame and chassis of the GAZ-66 as a basis for creating all-terrain vehicles

The most massive two-axle truck Soviet army became a popular base for the inspired fantasy of folk craftsmen. GAZ-66 can even be called a record holder for the number of various alterations and original cars created on its chassis. It's all about the excellent off-road potential of the Shishigi.

Created on the usual factory frame and chassis of the 66th kungi - "house on wheels", as well as monster and "Hammero" -like jeeps more than once amazed the public with their size and brutal appearance... Including at large forums, such as the Moscow and Alma-Ata auto exhibitions.

The craftsmen from the Retro-Style workshop in Kyrgyzstan became especially famous as "deep tuning masters" of the 66th GAZon. Their off-roaders Barkhan (2002) and Bulat (2007), created from serial "shishig", were not only exhibited at popular exhibitions many times, but also found several real buyers. And detailed reviews of these models have appeared not only on the Internet, but also in a number of respected publications with an impeccable reputation. For example, in the magazine "Behind the Wheel".

Other famous GAZ-66 alterations include the Partizan pickup truck, the Bizon jeeps by Alexander Chuvpilin and the MegaCruiser by Vyacheslav Zolotukhin. And, of course, out of competition - the Matryona all-terrain vehicle assembled from three decommissioned GAZ-66 and one UAZ.

This hard-working wonder-car was created by the craftsmen of one of the emergency brigades of the Russian Railways in Krasnoyarsk and helps them to get to the most inaccessible places along which the railway passes.

Introduction ………………………………………………………………… ..

1.General information ……………………………………………………… ..

2.Tactical technical characteristics of the car Gas - 53A …………

3. The main parameters and the transmission diagram of the car Gas - 53A …… ..

3.1. Purpose of transmission and its general data …………………………

3.2. Rear axle ………………………………………………………………

4. Calculated part ………………………………………………………

4.1 Traction calculations and dynamic characteristics ………………………

4.2 Calculation of the power balance, basic machines at straight motion on a horizontal section of the track on a straight (high) transmission ………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………

List of references……………………………………………………………

Introduction

One of the most common cars in Russia, GAZ-53, can still be found on the streets of our cities. What kind of work this truck did not perform, the machine has found application in various fields. national economy country. Municipal vehicles, fire trucks, agricultural machinery, and much more were built on its basis.

The GAZ-53 car has been produced by the Gorky Automobile Plant since 1964. The body is an all-metal platform with an opening tailgate. Installation of an awning on five arcs is provided. The all-metal two-seater cab is equipped with an outboard berth located above the engine. GAZ car - 53 rear-wheel drive with four stepped box gear. The vehicles are designed for the carriage of passengers and goods on all types of roads and terrain and are designed for operation at ambient temperatures from minus 45 to plus 40 ° C. On the basis of the Gaz-53 vehicle, a light-type FC-30 tanker was built, designed to extinguish fires with water from a tank or from an external water source, air-mechanical foam using an exported foam concentrate or taking it from an external container, as well as for delivery to the fire site of a combat crew, fire equipment and technical equipment, water and a foam concentrate. Units armed with tankers are capable of supplying water and air-mechanical foam of various multiplicity for extinguishing fires without installation and with the installation of machines on water sources, they can supply water from remote water sources, take it from water sources with poor access roads using hydraulic elevators and supply it to extinguishing fires; pump over water from remote sources in cooperation with other units on the main fire trucks.

General information.

Light vehicle. A tank with a capacity of 2000 liters is located in the body of a fire tanker. The pump room is made in the rear of the car and contains the control panel, taps, valves and the pumping unit PN-30 itself. Fire-fighting equipment is located in the side compartments of the body. The combat crew of the tanker is 2 people.

The performance characteristics of the GAZ-53A car

dimensions

Gross weight, kg 7400

Front axle 1810

Rear axle 5590

Loading capacity, kg 4000

The greatest weight of a towed trailer with a load, kg 4000

Curb weight

(without additional equipment), kg 3250

Overall dimensions of the car, mm

Width 2380

Height (in the cabin without load) 2220

Height (over the awning without load) 2220

Base of the car, mm 3700

Maximum vehicle speed with full load

without a trailer (on a horizontal road section with

improved coverage), km / h 80-86

Front wheel track (on the ground), mm 1630

Rear wheel track (on the ground), mm 1690

The lowest points of the car (with full load), mm

Drive axle housings 265

Front axle 347

Fig 1. Overall dimensions.

Engine.

Today there are many types of engines such as:

1. Electric motors (converting electrical energy accumulated in batteries into mechanical energy of rotation of the engine rotor, which in turn transfers the rotation energy to the wheels).

2. Steam.

3. Internal combustion engines (in which the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into mechanical work).

Gasoline (where the working mixture of air and gasoline is prepared in the carburetor or is injected into the manifold using nozzles)

Diesel (injection is performed by a nozzle into the air compressed by pistons)

Gas engines (running on liquefied gas)

ICEs have become more widespread due to autonomy and a higher energy content in the fuel.

In my term paper presented: carburetor internal combustion engine

Number of cylinders and their arrangement 8, V-shaped

Cylinder diameter, mm 92

Piston stroke, mm 80

Working volume of the cylinder, l 4.25

Compression Ratio (Average) 6.7

Maximum power (limited by the regulator)

at 3200 rpm, hp kW. 115 (84.6)

Maximum torque 2000-2500 rpm, kgm 29 (284.4 Nm)

Carburetor K - 126B, two-chamber,

balanced, with falling

Air filter Oil bath with

contact filter

element

Engine cooling Liquid, forced,

with centrifugal pump. IN

cooling system available

thermostat installed in

outlet

Chassis

To avoid increased tire wear, you should not brake the car sharply, allow it to overload, jerk and slip the wheels when starting off and switch from low gears to higher gears.

The load must be evenly distributed over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe platform. Heavy, but small in overall dimensions place the load closer to the cab.

Low pressure tires 8.25-20 or type P

(the pressure in them should be: on

front wheels 5 kg / cm⅔,

at the rear 6 kg / cm⅔,).

Tire size 240-508.

Refueling tanks and norms

Fuel tanks (capacity), l 90

Engine cooling system, l

Heated start 23

Without starting heating 21.5

Engine lubrication system, l 8.0

Air filter, l 0,55