How does electric power steering work? Electric power steering

Electric power steering of a car (EUR) designed to reduce required level the effort applied to the steering wheel to exercise. Using this device greatly facilitates machine control, the driver does not need to make significant efforts to maneuver. The electric power steering is used in both passenger cars and vans and trucks.

The design features of the amplifier under consideration determine a number of advantages of its use. It is distinguished by the convenience and simplicity of adjusting the steering characteristics (applied force, sensitivity, etc.). The absence of hydraulic parts determines the reliability of the system, since the likelihood of leaks, depressurization and other problems typical for power steering is excluded. The use of high-precision electronic components ensures high information content of the steering, in which given view amplifier.

Electric power steering can have one of two layout options:

1. the control force is transmitted to steering wheel shaft... This option is used for small and medium-sized cars;
2. force is applied directly to steering rack car... Such a construction of an electronic power steering takes place, as a rule, in large class cars, as well as minibuses.

With both construction options in the electric power steering, the following main elements can be distinguished:

• input sensors. They carry out the reading of information regarding the steering wheel angle, as well as its torque;
• electronic control unit... It provides collection of information from sensors that are part of the system and generation of electrical control signals. Also, this unit uses in operation the information of the crankshaft sensors and sensors ABS carthat enter the unit from the control devices of the corresponding systems;
• executive device... An electric motor is used as an actuator. As a rule, the system uses asynchronous motors.

The principle of operation of the steering amplifier in question is as follows: when the steering wheel is turned, the force is transmitted through the torsion bar to. The existing torque sensor transmits the obtained value to the electronic control unit for further processing. The ECU also receives information from the vehicle steering angle sensor, speed sensors (ABS) and a sensor crankshaft... The received data are processed by the control unit, and on their basis, using a complex calculation algorithm, a control signal of the desired polarity of the value (current strength) is generated, which is transmitted to the actuator. From it, the torque of the required magnitude is transmitted to the steering wheel shaft or to the steering rack (depending on which design is used in the electric power steering).

The electric power steering can operate in several modes:

• car turn... A feature of this mode is that the forces required to turn the wheels are formed by turning the steering wheel and by the operation of the system's executive element (electric motor);
• low speed turn... When operating in this mode, the control system generates signals according to which the electric motor generates maximum torque. This makes it possible to apply minimal effort to drive the vehicle. The concept of "light steering" is associated with this mode of operation of the electric booster;
• turn the car on high speed ... In this mode, the electronic control unit generates signals, in accordance with which the actuator (electric motor) generates the minimum torque. In this case, there is the concept of "heavy steering";
• return of the car wheels to the middle position... The electric power steering motor, under the influence of signals of a certain polarity and magnitude from the ECU, creates the torque necessary to return the wheels to the middle position after turning;
• ensuring the middle position of the wheels of the car. In this mode of operation, the electronic control unit sends appropriate signals to prevent the wheels from deviating from the straight-line position when acting on vehicle factors such as side wind, tire pressure differential, etc. That is, the system adjusts the position of the wheels, and as a result, the trajectory of the car.

VAZ 2110 cars are equipped with electric power steering, which is incredibly pleasing to drivers. This addition significantly improves the vehicle's agility and handling, which allows the driver to feel more confident on the road.

In addition, the driver does not need to put a lot of effort on the steering wheel, which makes it possible to make long trips without feeling tired.

The electric power steering on VAZ 2110 cars can be installed independently if necessary, but for this you need to understand the device.

History

Back in 2002, engineers from the Novosibirsk Technical University developed this electric power steering, which has become so popular. After all stages of the creation of the device were completed, the device was tested at the VAZ plant for several years.

Russian manufacturers have done everything to ensure reliable and high-quality advantages of the unit over similar devices of foreign production. The amplifier uses alternating current, which ensures reliability and durability of work.

But the main thing for our drivers was the acceptable cost of this unit, much lower than that of Western components. In addition, the electric booster can become a reliable protector against theft. Since electric amplifiers were invented for domestic brands, they are produced respectively in Russia, at the Berdsk Electromechanical Plant, which became a subsidiary of VAZ.

The electric power steering itself was first invented and introduced back in 1990 in Japan at the factories of the Toyota concern. The first advantages of the device, which it showed, were characterized by the following indicators:

• The unit works even if the engine is off;
• During component operation, significant fuel savings can be observed for some time;
• All controllability indicators are significantly improved;
• Control reliability reaches great heights;
• Creates good conditions safety during constant driving.

Differences from power steering

You need to understand that power steering is a power steering and these two devices are constantly compared, figuring out which one is better. IN in general terms we can say that these two components may have common indicators, but the electric amplifier has an electronic unit in its composition.

It is this difference that makes it more functional, and its performance is characterized by the following indicators:

• Sensors electronic unit constantly monitor the speed indicators of movement, they read its trajectory and control the health of the working components;
• After the data is collected, they are transferred to a special electronic control unit where they are processed;
• The artificial intelligence of the control system automatically changes the parameters of the master cylinder;
• The oil pressure level is adjusted only by the position of the valve, it can be either open or closed;
• Than great speed the car starts to pick up, the more intensively and actively the valve opens;
• In the process of increasing the speed, in parallel, the severity of steering also increases, and this, in turn, increases the degree of safety and stability when driving the VAZ 2110;
• In addition, the presence of fuel does not affect the operation of the electric booster, it does not affect its consumption.

Principle of operation

The work of EMURU, that is, the electromechanical power steering, is aimed at reducing the driver's control efforts. The device is also designed to actively return the steered wheels and steering wheel to its original position after a maneuver. Fewer steering turns will return the wheels to their original position.

Thanks to the device, the car quickly returns to straight motionwhich ensures driving safety.

The unit itself is a modular design that is built into the steering column.

The module consists of two main components:

• The power unit is a synchronous electrical apparatus;
• Control type controller.

The installation of an electric amplifier is especially relevant if the owner of the VAZ 2110 installs more wide rubber on wheels of large diameter, compared to standard factory ones. Such a problem as a "naughty" steering wheel in the case of electric power assistance is excluded, the steering wheel obeys the driver even with a light touch.

If earlier the driver had to constantly hold the steering wheel with two hands and put a lot of effort to turn it, now everything can be done with one finger.

Thanks to these indicators, the VAZ 2110 is considered one of the most safe cars on domestic roads.

Specifications

Like any other module in a car, an electric amplifier has its own indicators that must be taken into account. To make it clear what this unit is, its technical characteristics should be given:

• The maximum torque compensation is 35 Nm;
• Current consumption at average values \u200b\u200bMmax \u003d 35 Nm and a steering wheel speed of 360 degrees per second is 50A;
• Operating temperatures range from - 40 to + 85 degrees Celsius;
• The total mass of the node is 9.5 kilograms;
• Engine with electronic control - reactive inductor;
• The rotation is directed in reverse;
• The presence of three phases;
• A worm gearbox with three passes is installed;
• The worm shaft is made of 40x steel;
• The worm wheel is made of UPA 6 / 30-2 carbon fiber.

These are all the characteristics of a component that you need to know in order to interact with it. These indicators are especially relevant because the amplifier is an electrical unit and you need to be careful with it.

Component benefits

The electric steering wheel has a number of advantages, which led to the fact that it is installed not only on the VAZ 2110, but also on other models of this plant. Besides technical characteristics it has other equally important indicators:

• Simplicity installation works when installing the node;
• The unit consumes a relatively small amount of electrical energy;
• The node does not affect environmental performance car;
• Possible installation of the unit on other VAZ models;
• Parametric indicators, that is, an effective decrease in torque in accordance with an increase in vehicle speed;
• During operation, no additional care and the use of various special materials are required;
• At low temperatures, this version of the steering wheel reinforcement performs better.

The only drawback of this device is the fact that it works a little weaker than the same hydraulic booster.

But in the case of domestic roads and this gain is enough to feel comfortable behind the wheel.

Preparing for installation

The fact is that not all VAZ 2110 cars are equipped with this pleasant component, so drivers often have to install an amplifier on their own. This work is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance, and if certain rules are followed, it can be carried out quite effectively.

In addition, you can buy a new electric amplifier even via the Internet and after a little tinkering in the garage put it on your top ten. Since the cost of the unit is not so low, it will be pleasant and practical to save on installation.

In order to install an electric amplifier on a VAZ car, you must first prepare some tools and spare parts:

• Electric power steering;

• Plate;

• A set of wires;

• Steering wheel and cover;

• Screwdrivers of various configurations;
• Ruler;
• Drill.

Installation

No oils or other substances are required, since the work is carried out with electricity, and not with mechanical components. After all the components are prepared, you should proceed to direct installation, which will take place in the following sequence:

• It is necessary to pull out the standard terminal from the block and move it to the block located on the harness;

• After that, the free terminal extending from the bundle is moved to the place where the standard wire was located adjacent to the block. This will make it possible to pass a standard type wire between the bundles. The wire coming from the blocks has a rating of 50 A;

• Now you need to slowly separate the steering-type shaft casing, then remove the ignition switch and separate the switches. This should be done slowly to prevent cracking of the casing;

• We carefully unscrew the bolt that holds the steering rack and then remove the rack directly;

• It is necessary to measure the length of the shafts and if you need to adjust the plate, for this you need to use a ruler and perhaps even write down the indicators;

• The electric amplifier is being installed on the vacant space, for this it is necessary to select the required shaft size, since it does not fit on the rail. To adjust the shaft to the required size, the plate and shaft are resharpened under the Priora shafts. It is the details from VAZ "Priora" that are the best fit for this;

• After the shaft is fitted, it is necessary to drill the plate deeper than it already is. This is not difficult to do, since the shaft is a hollow structure;

• The plate is mounted on the amplifier and thus the obtained depth is checked. If everything is fine, then you need to firmly clamp the entire structure with a smaller bolt;

• Now you should install the switches in their places and proceed to wiring. To do this, from the passenger compartment, through the left fender, bring two wires directly to the battery;

• Next, you need to remove the washer reservoir and take the wire. With its help, it is necessary to attach the outputted two wires. They need to be attached to the end of the opposite wire and stretch both;

• Need to remove dashboard and take out the red block from there, slowly tighten the wiring into the space under the panel. Then get the orange wire from the red box;

• A red box must be fixed to this wire and combined with the wiring of the electric amplifier. In this case, the end with the bare terminal of the amplifier wiring is placed on the vacated standard wire in the red block;

We connect the orange wire to the EUR wiring, put the “bare” end of the wire in place of the standard one in the red block

• You also need to do with the gray wire, which also comes out of the red block. It must also be pulled into the place of its regular counterpart and secured with a terminal;
• Then you need to move to the battery and secure the black wire, that is, MINUS, to the pink wire, that is, to the PLUS;
• After that, you need to connect all the wiring of the electric power steering and start it or just twist it by hand.

The installation of the electric amplifier is completed, it remains only to carefully install all the components in their places.

To do this, you need to reinstall all the switches and fit the cover and the steering wheel, which will cover the steering shaft.

Fit

If the installation work of the electric amplifier produces experienced master, which may go somewhat beyond the scope of the proposed instructions, it should be said about how the electric amplifier is fitted to the VAZ 2110.

After the main actions from the above list have been carried out, the following adjustment can be made:

• Align the steering wheel;
• Eliminate all gaps and gaps between parts;
• Install the LED sensor for diagnostics of the electric amplifier;
• Shorten the supply cable slightly;
• Replace damaged parts and damaged casing parts if necessary.

After that, you should carefully inspect the steering system again, while sitting in the cabin. Eliminate the last flaws and rub the panel and steering wheel with polish. Only then can you proceed to further operation of the machine. It is the observance of cleanliness and order in the passenger compartment that leads to the driver's concentration at the wheel.

Repairs

The manufacturer AvtoVAZ does not provide for the repair of the electric power steering, only complete replacement assembled. Therefore, all repair actions are carried out by the owner of the car at their own peril and risk.

It must always be remembered that dIY repair do-it-yourself electric power steering VAZ 2110 can lead to an accident!

The price for the VAZ 2110 electric power steering and components is as follows:

• a new electric amplifier costs an average of 13,000 to 18,000 rubles, you can order in online stores with mail delivery to any region of Russia, or directly from the factory;
• a used electric amplifier costs from 2,000 to 6,000 rubles, depending on the condition, it is worth looking at local bulletin boards, avito.ru, etc.

Installation components may also be sold separately:

• a steering shaft for installing an electric power steering - the price is about 1,000 rubles;
• a bracket for installing an electric power steering - the price is about 1,000 rubles;
• a wiring harness for connecting the EUR - the cost is about 1,500 rubles;
• imitation electronic sensor speed (for carburetor engines) - about 1,500 rubles.

Conclusion

From the above information, it becomes clear that the EUR on the VAZ 2110 has a lot of positive indicators, which made it popular. During operation, this component does not require any intervention and additional materials.

Electric power steering does not require any maintenance or adjustment. He performs well in frosty Russian conditions and his work does not change in any way in this regard.

There is no need to pre-warm the car before driving, which means that the driver will hit the road faster.

But along with this, the device also has disadvantages, although in the case of the VAZ 2110 this is not striking. Each driver has the opportunity to independently decide which amplifier suits him best, especially since you can install an electric amplifier yourself.

If you want to make driving a VAZ 2110 safe and comfortable, then you should give preference to the electric booster.