One of the reasons for the current deplorable state of automotive industry in Russia is the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was in the 1980s that the automotive industry could give odds to anyone. And with due continuation of the company's development, today they could demonstrate much more than all well-known German or Japanese concern. By the time of the collapse of the Great Country, many concepts were developed, which were subsequently frozen. Interestingly, some of them look attractive to this day. Many unusual and beautiful concepts were already after the collapse of the Union, but for one reason or another, the cars did not go into the series. Today we offer to look at the power of the domestic auto industry, which did not get into mass production and did not become a cult product in sales, as you were expected earlier.
It turns out that in concerns VAZ, UAZ, Moskvich and gas such new products were simply an incredible amount. And today's model range of the same UAZ is definitely not the best of all proposed options. You could not even hear about the novelties that were offered before engineers of companies were tested and produced in the form of prototypes. But these cars could well become cult and sell hundreds of thousands of copies. Today, the history of cars that did not go into mass production turns out to be amazing. It is difficult to imagine how much the climate of the manufacturers of domestic transport would have changed, if all successful concepts were implemented. Let's look at some of them.
ZIL 4102 - the prototype of the steep sedan 1989
The time was severe, but Zil's corporation worked in full force, releasing cars for commercial tasks, as well as updating the line of so-called "members". The term, though not unambiguous, it happens from the title "Member of the Central Committee", and not from other variations of this word.
ZIL 4102 was thought of exactly the "membership", but in fact the car would come out excellent Mercedes competitors of those times. And if the corporation was engaged in production in a series, in the 1990s, new Russians would buy far from Mercedes, chasing this representative of the domestic auto industry. But on the project everything is stuck.
Volga - gas 3111 with an attempt to improve the situation
Another unpaid project was to update the Volga, which in the 1990s already experienced incredible difficulties with sales. The gas corporation actively led work and had several prototypes to replace the old car model. GAZ 3111 - the most real contender for the release of the car in the series. This car offered the following features:
- significantly modified body, the design of the car received the most serious changes that could lead the machine to success;
- new engine ZMZ. with direct injection was also to grow into a diesel project for the car;
- also promised production of cars with front and complete drive, which would be even more popular in Russia;
- in the cabin, little changed dramatically, so it was too different about potentially tremendous success.
In 1998, the project even went to the series, running into production in small quantities. The trial party began selling with a huge price, and the reputation of the gas at that time was not too predictable. Such unusual features could be viewed in the prototype gas, which ruined the excessive cost and the absence of national interest.
Moskvich 2141 - Completion of the Moscow Automobile Brand
In the late 1990s, the Moscow Automobile Plant had to either accomplish the revolution, or simply leave the market forever. It happened, as we understand, the second, but this was preceded by a good attempt to create a more presentable car than you could imagine. This is Muscovite 2141.
Corporation has created a very worthy technique with good characteristics And a good idea. In a long version, the machine even acquired a full-wheel drive version. But the problem is that the prototypes were collected from the defective spare parts, and the quality of production has already suffered much. It was the last thing that the legendary Muscovite was capable of.
Gas 3106 - crossover or SUV?
In 2004, it seemed more than a real output of a large crossover GAZ 3106 with excellent design and good aggregates under the hood. The company worked as a car in 1999, invested in her very serious money, but never received the desired exhaust. The problem was simple - the absence of normal mathematics at the factory.
5 years of exhibitions and improvements led to the fact that in 2004 the Corporation announced the release and sale of GAZ 3106 at a price of 12,000 dollars. And in 2005, after the presentation in the car dealerships, the project was covered with a pair of experienced samples. However, with a larger pressure of the corporation, this project could achieve a certain success.
UAZ Simba (3165) - a project for each Russian
If at one time, instead of a patriot on the conveyor, it would be Simba, the financial problems of the UAZ plant would be solved for many years. So consider not only experts, but also motorists of Russia. Simba is a wonderful concept that is represented in the form of Wen, a truck and van. The machines had such features:
- injection engines already in 1999, a modern technical base with a certain share of reliability and endurance;
- just a unique and universal body shape with huge practical advantages over rivals;
- quite relevant design, as for those times, a very well performed interior with a well-thought-out planning;
- wen's freight opportunities were simply incredible, it is universal and very necessary for russian market Machine even today.
But the problem was trite simple - the plant with its minimal turnover simply did not pull the project. 4 years, the company tied the prototypes to the exhibition, talked about promises and certain modifications, and then in 2003 the project was covered to better times. It seems that today a slightly ledied Simba was used to place in the market.
Lada GTI 2.0 - Revolution on AvtoVAZ
We need crossovers, and Russia's plants produce only the dubious quality of the sedans. In 2000, I boldly answered AvtoVAZ in 2000, making almost a real parckarter from the VAZ 2111. Lada GTI 2.0, as clearly from the name, possessed a 2-liter power unit from Opel and an excellent gearbox, as well as a number of other changes in the design.
In the cabin, almost nothing touched, but they changed a lot in the running details. Because of this, the car's move improved, clien raised. Appeared plastic defense, Standard for the city crossover. Alloy wheels looked very confident. But the project was too expensive and was forced to go down in history and without becoming in a series.
VAZ 2151 - another failed zhigul
Another extremely fascinating project is a wagon VAZ 2151. He had to replace the "four" and become a new cult embodiment of the classics. An attractive appearance was created in 2002 without the sale of most shares of the plant to foreign investors. And this demonstrates the ability of the corporation to certain bold solutions.
The machine was much more contemporary classics, became the company's hope, but already a year after the start of active work with the car, the plant experienced the largest crisis in history, and the issue with the production of VAZ 2151 remained unresolved. To this day, the concept remains quite attractive continuation of the VAZ line.
Oka-2 - planned to release in 2003
For a month and a half ago, that AvtoVAZ has developed a great continuation of a very popular city kid. Then the car received not only fruitless plans on paper, but a real concept that ride in the exhibitions. On the new generation, it was possible to find such features:
- the engine at 0.75 liters possessed 33 forces, but this was quite enough for urban movement;
- fuel consumption pleased incredibly, it is almost a motorcycle with the ability to hide from rain and snow;
- exterior type of typewriter cool, the car received a wonderful salon suitable for time;
- a pretty machine gained a decent suspension, which stopped rolling the driver and passengers as if by Kamenka.
But the problem is that this concept came just for crisis time. First, Oka-2 was postponed for a year or two, and then just put it in the archive, where the model is located and to today. However, the machine quite possibly became one of the prototypes of the design of the Kalina family.
GAZ 3115 - one of the last experiments of Gorkovchan
On the Gorky factory In the early 1990s at the beginning of the 2000s, they spent more money on projects and concepts than on the real release of cars. Gas 3115 is another option to replace the outdated model 3110, which was externally similar to Chrysler, and also received many new technical details.
For example, on the concept used completely independent suspensions, disc brakes, Copyright alloy discs. Many details have received a real improvement, including the interior significantly improved. But the model was too expensive, so the company put on the production of a slightly overflowing Chrysler and cost low costs.
UAZ 3170 - promising SUV without a future
Cars of Corporation UAZ received simply incredible opportunities to develop in the late 1980s. Then it was financing, we went through models and use options. But today, unfortunately, you only have to remember the former glory. UAZ 3170 in the form of a prototype of the late 80s reminds Pajero from Mitsubishi, which appeared slightly later.
From this we can conclude that Russian engineers and designers had a chance to anticipate the development of the sphere of SUVs in Russia and obtain a real increase in production facilities and sales. But all the well-known events of the early 1990s killed this perspective
We offer to look at the test fragments of this lineup in the following video:
Let's sum up
There are thousands of beautiful conceptual cars all over the world that seem the ideal solution For the buyer. But in fact, many external factors affect the release and mass production of the vehicle. There are dozens of features that should be taken into account in this sense. For each factory there are its difficulties in the manufacture vehicle. Budgets for the production are huge, therefore, each model passes many stages of testing and planning. Otherwise, the company's economic existence will be impossible by definition.
Therefore, many visually wonderful concepts do not find their own potential buyer. Sometimes corporations do not risk running bold projects, the potential sale of which is very difficult to determine. Only today AvtoVAZ begins to actively launch new cars in a series, while other concerns have become assembly conveyors for many European, Japanese and Korean companies. Such fate clearly does not contribute to the development domestic production cars. And what are the unsent in the series cars you seem most promising?
Lada Roadster (Lada Roadster) is a concern of the automobile plant VAZ, not allowed to be produced. For the first time, Roger noticed at the exhibition of cars "MIMS 2000" in the two thousandth year. The fundamental idea of \u200b\u200bthe rhodster was the opportunity to remove the roof of the car in the trunk.
Unfortunately, the demand for cars, like Lada Roadster, is not great. But car manufacturers always sought to have (only 9 photos) in the concern stylish car with elevated dynamic characteristics. Similar model "AvtoVAZ" wanted to implement 2108 on the basis of a car, which could be called "Lada Studio". The car was a separate trunk and a removable roof. As a result, the car was completely redone, and approximately 500 cars were released, which were supplied only to Europe and sold only there. Because of this unsuccessful model, a new one appeared - release quality car The same class, which was supposed to be a roadster.
Lada Siluet, Lada Silhouette, VAZ-2116 - Concept-Car front-wheel drive sedan On the platform of the project with the first time demonstrated at the Moscow Automobile Show in 2005. Especially for the project is a completely new front-wheel drive platform and a two-liter engine. In the future, the variants of diesel and automatic ACP are planned to be produced. It is argued that this family car The increased size will be distinguished by an interesting design of the exterior and salon, high comfort, high-quality materials, a neat assembly, enhanced security and that it is planned to run VAZ-2116 into the series in 2015. Currently, the prototype crash tests, which showed 13 points from 16 on the EUROnCAP system. In the family of the Silhouette, in addition to the VAZ-2117 VAZ-2117 and Hatchback VAZ-2118.
The new modification of the Basic model of the VAZ-2110 is a 4-seater limousine with a sufficiently high level of comfort for cars of this type.
Various options for configuration and trimming of the car VAZ 2110 "Consul" allow you to use it for long tourist and business trips, as a representative car, as a taxi, it is possible to create a vehicle modification for celebrations, as well as an enforcement of high security vending.
In the design of the car's salon there is a lot for the comfortable placement of the driver and passengers.
The soundproof partition allows you to create an autonomous compartment in the rear part with a wide range of additional equipment and service. Due to the increase in the back of the rear doors, free input-out of passengers is provided.
Aeroclimatic installation supports comfortable salon temperature at large ambient temperature fluctuations.
Fatigue from long stay in a static position is reduced by adjusting the position of the rear seats.
Draft Lada C - Conference project of AvtoVAZ and the Canadian company Magna International, providing for the creation of a series of cars from a class. Existing in Russia from 2006 to 2009.
"The Lada C" project provided for the existing AvtoVAZ capacities, the joint creation of a ten series of models of cars under the Lada brand. The launch of new models into serial production was scheduled for 2009. The creation of a joint venture was assumed, which is headed by one of the vice-presidents of Rostechnology, Maxim Nagai.
On December 22, 2006, a framework agreement on cooperation in the production of autocomponents for the new project C. was signed between the State Corporation of Rostekhnology and the Canadian company Magna International
In 2009, cooperation with the Canadian company Magna International was frozen, in favor of the Franco-Japanese Alliance Renault Nissan, French renault. Protes 25% of AvtoVAZ shares. The Alliance provided its platform B, which for 2012, were mounted on the first line of the main conveyor AvtoVAZ. Sergey Chemezov, head of Rostechnology, said that the developments with Magna International remain in force and will be used when creating new cars.
Since 2009, due to the complex economic situation of AvtoVAZ OJSC, "Project C" is suspended.
Lada Karat is the Russian concept from AvtoVAZ. Presented in 2002. The first developments of Lada Karat began in 2001. Dimensions of "Karat" are not very different from the "Oka". Its length is more than 300 mm, it is slightly higher than "Oka".
The prototype of VAZ-2151 (he was "Lada-Classic") was presented at Moscow 2002. It was an attempt to upgrade the classic "Zhiguli": on the old rear-wheel drive chassis there was a completely new body, a chart of the front suspension was changed, and under the hood was located with a volume of 1.7 liters with fuel injection. The other was the steering with the Rake Gear Scheme.
Initially, the appearance of the car should have echoed with old models of VAZ-2101 and 2102, but as a result, it was decided to refuse to refuse the round headlights and recognizable silhouette.
It was assumed that the VAZ-2151 would not be replaced, but the addition of "classics" and will help AvtoVAZ to increase production volumes. The beginning of the production of sedans and universal was scheduled for 2006 ... As a result, the project for further development did not receive, since it was recognized unprofitable.
We all love our auto industry very much, straight souls in it are not tea. But many of us are not aware of the opportunities that Soviet engineers and designers were endowed. And they were almost limitless.
Here I made a list of rare, unique and just unusual soviet carswhich you will never see with your own eyes.
I am proud of Soviet engineers and a random of Soviet officials who have been like a lot of promising developments.
And what technological root was lost in the end of the restructuring - just the mind is incomprehensible.
I promise, it will be interesting.
And let's start with state projects in the field of automotive industry.
Prototypes
GAZ-62 - Our answer to Americans
GAZ-62 (1952) - the prototype of the Army SUV, created to replace the well-proven in the troops during the war Dodge 3/4 (which was supplied to the USSR on the lend lodge).
The car had overall dimensions of 5000x2100x1800 mm and wheel base The size of 2850 mm was designed for transportation of 12 people or 1,200 kg of cargo, the maximum income of the all-terrain vehicle was 85 km / h. A 6-cylinder 76-strong engine was used as a power unit.
In the design of this car, a number of progressive solutions were applied: to prevent water, dirt and sand drum wheeled brake mechanisms were sealed, rubber pillows in the seals of the spring reduced the maintenance volume. Everybody was distinguished by comfort: there was a powerful heater with blowing windshieldAnd the rear springs had a variable rigidity, providing high smoothness of the stroke.
In addition to the main passenger version, the cargo modification of the machine - GAZ-62A was developed with a body of an enlarged oxem and the horizontal arrangement of the spare wheel.
GAZ-62 passed the warful tests and in 1958 was demonstrated as a promising model of the Gorky Automobile Plant at the All-Union Industrial Exhibition in Moscow (later - VDNH), but it was not launched into production for incomprehensible reasons.
ZIS-E134 layout number 1
In the summer of 1954, in front of the JV ZIS, originally consisted of only 20 people, was tasked: in a short time, create a fundamentally new medium multi-purpose four-axle (8 × 8) Super high-pass car (it is the high-speed artillery tractor ATK-6) with a loading capacity of 5 -6 t.
Since there was no experience in developing such machines, then to study the issues of increasing passability wheel cars, as well as to assess the influence of individual design parameters on the PENTIFY During July-August 1955, an experienced four-axle was built (8 × 8) freight car ZIS-E134 layout number 1.
Experienced ZIL-E134 has proven its worth. Practically not inferior to the tracked tractor on the passability and strength of thrust, he had a number of significant advantages - above the speed of movement on the highway and the resource of the chassis, cheaper operation. The tests carried out allowed to identify the directions of further research. And the developer, and the customer wanted to see a more perfect car. According to the requirements of the military, its carrying capacity was to be at least 6 tons, the weight of the towed tool rose by half. Nevertheless, invaluable experience gained in designing, building and during the test of ZIL-E134 layout No. 1, gave confidence in the successful implementation of the new task at a high technical level.
ZIS-E134 layout number 2
In order to determine the parameters and structural solutions of the waterfowl on April 9, 1956, an experimental sample was built 8 × 8 ZIS-E134 layout №2. It was different from his predecessor with a displacement body, the absence of elastic wheel suspension (based on the experience of testing ZIS-E134 layout №1), the presence of a water supply (not immediately) with a swivel nozzle performing the functions of the water steering. The impeller of the water was borrowed from the PT-76 tank. According to the power plant, transmission, propulsion and control system new car No difference from the ZIS-E134 layout number 1.
MAZ-505.
MAZ-505 (1962) - experienced all-wheel drive truck With the onboard platform created for the army. In mass production, this model did not go, most likely leaving another novelty of those years - GAZ-66.
ZIL-132R - SuperGruck for Agroprom
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The car, created under the leadership of the lead designer A. I. Filippov in the department of the chief designer ZIL, headed by V. A. Grachev, had a number of interesting features. The chassis had a uniform accommodation of three (2100 + 2100 mm) axes based on the database, force aggregate (Engine ZIL-130, forced to 165 hp) with a clutch and gearbox located between the first and second axes, and the fiberglass cabin with steel doors - in front of the engine. The transmission was performed according to the H-shaped diagram, that is, with the on-board distribution of the power flow so that the wheels of each side have a rigid (unadifferential) kinematic communication. Two-disc clutch was supplied with hydraulic drive, and a mechanical 5-speed gearbox - remote control. Cylindrical intercept differential dispensing box equipped with a locking mechanism. The gearbox was mounted for a power collection mechanism with hydraulic pump to drive a dump truck or equipment for applying fertilizers.
Changing the direction of movement was provided by turning the front and rear controlled wheels due to the hydraulic system without a rigid connection between the front and rear controlled axes. The car was installed on the car 16.00-20 with a diameter of about 1400 mm, which in combination with independent suspension provided the road clearance from 480 to 590 mm, centralized system Air pressure control in tires and disc ventilated brakes with a double-circuit hydraulic drive, which were placed not in the wheel hubs, but on the onboard gearboxes of the front and rear controlled wheels. Among the serial trucks ZIL-132 R at that time was not equal. Moreover, the vehicles of the car were so high that it competed freely, and in many cases and exceeded crawler tractorsused on the village.
But the car was built in a single copy.
ZIL-E167 - Snowmobile increased passibility
ZIL-E167 (1963) is an experimental wheel all-terrain vehicle, designed for use in complete off-road conditions with an unfavorable climate situation. The machine was created using nodes and aggregates from almost the time the chassis "135l", the frame of which was additionally strengthened.
The superworthy movement was brought in two engines ZIL-375 to 118 hp Each power was passed on the side scheme. Places the motors behind, for better cooling, air intakes were provided on the bikes of the body. Huge wheels, trained in tires dimension 21.00-28 and diameter of 1790mm on unique fiberglass (!) Prefabricated disks with metal elements, weighed almost three times less than metal analogs. The road clearance of the machine with these wheels was 852 mm, the bottom was closed with steel sheets to protect the aggregates and better slip on the snow and dirt.
The driver's cabin and passengers was also made of fiberglass, longitudinal seats were installed in the cabin. Cabin, borrowed from ZIL-135L, and the salon was heated by independent heaters. Among other things, a winch with a traction force of 7 tons was installed on the car.
The suspension corresponded to that of 135l, the drum brakes operated by a hydropneumatic system. During the test, the car showed itself perfectly maximum speed In winter, the highway was 75 km / h, on snowy virgin 10 km / h. However, the route did not go into the series, since due to the complexity of the construct of the transmission inferior in terms of maintainability of the traccarticle tractor GT-1.
ZIL-49061
ZIL-49061 - a three-axis all-wheel drive floating vehicle on the basis of the Jil-4906 all-wheel drive. It is part of the search and rescue complex "Blue Bird".
On these amphibians installed ZIL-131 engines with mechanical transmissions; Applied independent suspension of all wheels, two propellers; Front I. rear wheels Made manageable, and the connection between those and others was provided by the hydraulic monitoring drive, due to which the rear-wheel rotation begins after turning the front to the angle more than 6 °. Very non-standard was the decision on brake mechanisms: They are disk, but not placed in wheels, but in the machine body.
Machines 490 successfully passed tests and serially produced for many years. These "blue birds" and today carry the service in the military-space. There are no replacements. Two cars of 4906 were sent to Germany during the flood covered in the summer of 2002, where they were very effectively used to evacuate residents from the areas of flooding. In Europe, there was nothing like that, which caused the Germans with the feeling of admiration and frank envy.
In addition, the complex "Blue Bird" was part ZIL-2906..
ZIL-2906 - a cunning snow-born snow-breeding ride, taken on the cargo ZIL-4906. After improving, the index 29061 was received.
The swamp is equipped with two rotary-piston engines of VAZ with the onboard transmission scheme, body and augers - from an aluminum alloy, a cabin - from fiberglass.
Such a unique complex possessing ZIL-29061, with almost one country in the world to this day, does not have any absolute crowd.
ZIL-4904.
The cunning snow-robbery all-terrain vehicle ZIL-4904 was built in 1972, is the largest in the world. Payload - 2.5 tons. However, he developed a very small speed - 10.1 km / h on the water, 7.3 km / h on the swamp, 4.45 km / h on Alloy, 10.5 km / h in the snow.
Light hollow or filled with a polymer (for example, foam) augers allow the car to sail on the water, crossing such gable places where any wheel and tracked technique is stuck or sink. However, since the augers are made of solid material, usually from non-ferrous metals, all-terrain vehicle all-terrain-rotary move is absolutely unsuitable for roads with solid coating. According to the asphalt, concrete and even the crushed such machine will have to carry on the tow truck.
VAZ-E2121 "Crocodile" - early prototype of legendary Niva
VAZ-E2121 "Crocodile" (1971) - Early prototype of experimental VAZ-2121, with a frame and open bodyDisconnected front and rear bridges. In the future, the design of the car was almost completely changed, two were released. experienced instance of this model.
AZLK-2150 - prototype off-road Muscovite
AZLK-2150 - Easy SUV from AZLK, created in the USSR in 1973, in the framework of the project to create a compact comfortable SUV. The aggregate part of the prototype was unified with the M-2140 model planned at that time to production. A total of two M-2150 prototypes with tarpaulin and tough riding were created.
The Moscow SUV turned out to be excellent on the concept of "Niva", more close to the "classic" SUVs - with a separate spar-frame, continuous bridges and rigid springs. In the competition of three plants (on AvtoVAZ - the future VAZ-2121 "Niva", and Izh-Masha - IZH-14) defeated AvtoVAZ, which was able to create the most comfortable and competitive on the world market, albeit less "off-road", design.
The M-2150 prototype became interested in the military department, formally from the Ministry of Defense received an order for the release of 60 thousand cars per year at the factory in the city of Kineshma, but did not come to production.
VAZ-E2122 - Army SUV from Tolyatti
VAZ-E2122 (1976) is the first version of an experienced, floating SUV, developed by the Orders of the USSR Ministry of Defense (initially the project was created on its own factory initiative). The car was designed with the use of nodes and aggregates of the Civil Car VAZ-2121 "Niva", which was preparing for production at the same time.
E2122 was different from the analogues primarily with an original design that did not give an amphibian in it, in small sizes and maneuverability (kinveyor radius of turn on water and land almost did not differ). The hermetic body allowed the car by rotating the wheels to move along the water at a speed of 4.5 km / h. 1.6 liter engine, permanent four-wheel drive, promoted good maneuverability of the car (on land and on water), which was completely not inferior to the "old man" UAZ-469. From the UAZ (for the purpose of unification), the prototype got a winch and a hitch, at the request of military bumpers were made as flat as possible, with lanterns recessed in them, so that you could push the car, the windshield and the side door frames were stuck. In addition, the "jeep" was equipped with two gas tanks, and the body design provided for the setting of the stretcher.
In the first version of the car, the awning did not have side windows, however, when testing it became clear that there were not enough visibility back and they were entered into the design. However, the tightness of the body poorly influenced the temperature regime of the "Nivov" aggregates, as a result of which they quickly aroused out of order, the light body could not withstand serious loads. But I liked the prototype to customers, it was decided to continue to work and construct the second version of the jeep.
VAZ-2E2122 - the second version of the floating jeep
VAZ-2E2122 (1977) - the second version of the floating SUV for the army, created on the basis of the prototype E2122. On this prototype, Vase designers tried to take into account all the wishes of the military department and get rid of the shortcomings of the first version: engine overheating and transmission, breakdowns in the graduation system, poor visibility, and also work out several other important points, such as launching at low temperatures.
UAZ-452K - three-axis loaf
UAZ-452K (1973) is an experimental sixteen-seater bus with a wheel formula 6x4. Based on this bus, the resuscitation cars "Medea" were developed for the needs of Georgian mountain sides. There was also an option with a wheel formula 6x6, later in Georgia, a small-sector pr-in reanomobiles from 1989 to 1994 was adjusted by about 50 pieces per year.
But this project was not buried - the car was produced from 1989 to 1994 by the cooperative "all-terrain vehicle" from the Georgian city of Bolnisi.
ZIL-4102 - the prototype of the last "membership"
ZIL-4102 is a perspective limousine, which was supposed to replace an outdated five-seater sedan ZIL-41041. In 1988, the sixth shop of ZIL made two prototypes of the car. The fundamental difference between the new model from others soviet limousines He consisted in the absence of a frame, in connection with this, ZIL designers had to do a great job on a decrease in the vibrations of the carrier body. New sedan It was half a meter longer than the "Volga", and weighed at halfnons less than ZIL-41041. Roof and floor panels, trunk lid, hood and bumpers were made of fiberglass.
We are-0284 "debut" (1987)
The car is a concept car, as they wrote, "especially small class", built with the prospect of using some solutions for the CZ serial car.
The original body had good aerodynamics (the windshield coefficient of Cx - 0.23). Engines "Oki" (VAZ-1111 and VAZ-11113) were installed on the car, and at a later option with a somewhat modified finish ("debut-II") - MEMZ-245. Also planned car tests with VAZ-11113 engines with turbocharged and meme with a 16-valve block head. "Debut" was equipped with an electrovacuum clutch, cruise control system.
AZLK 2142 "Moskvich" - an experienced sedan
AZLK 2142 "Moskvich" (1990-96) is an experienced sedan created on the basis of AZLK-2141 and submitted to the general public in 1990. The car was completely tested and practically ready for production, it was planned to send the car to the conveyor in 1992, equipping it with a new engine Moskvich-414.
After the collapse of the USSR, the death of the then Gen.Director AZLK V.P. Kolomnikova, this plans were not destined to come true, but with various engines prototype was going for several more years. Moreover, in fact, who did not exist in the car later served as the base for the "Prince Vladimir" and "Ivan Kalita" and Ivan Kalita.
Project "Istra"
AZLK-2144, Istra - an experienced car AZLK plant, created in the mid-late 1980s. It was made in a single copy of about 1985-88, has never been serially produced.
Differed a number of unique solutions, including a duralumin body without a central rack; Two wide side doors opening up vertically up; diesel, rapid; Night vision device and indication of instrument readings on lobby glass; Unique automatic transmission.
"Istra" was in many ways ahead of his time. At the time, this car was much superior exceeded its predecessors.
The only sample previously stored in the AZLK Museum is now in the museum on the Rogozhska Val in Moscow.
UAZ-3170 SIBIR
In 1975, on the UAZ, with the main designer of Startsev, the development began, and in 1980 he saw the light layout of the "car general purpose of increased passability" of the UAZ-3170 "Simbir". The car had a road clearance 325 mm and a height of 1960 mm - both parameters differed from "469th" (215 and 2050 mm). The suspension was a dependent spring.
The lead designer of the topic "Gak" and the head of the test group was Alexander Sergeevich Shabanov. Military machine samples passed tests and project protection in MO in 1982-1983.
Subsequently, according to the results, the second version of the "Simita" was born - UAZ-3171 (1985-1987).
Aliabir 1990 Army
1990 Sixist Civil
Nami-LUAZ "Proto" - the ghost of the Russian court
We are Luaz Proto (1989) - a prototype created in the Leningrad separation by us in the framework of the competition announced by Maintoselchozmash, the team of designers and designers under the leadership of Gaginov. The body was a metal framework, which plastic panels were hung, which simplified the repair, the operational qualities of the car were improved.
As power plant MEMZ-245 engine from "Tavria" was used, the transmission was developed almost anew: an unconnected cardan transfer, gearbox leading and plug-in front axle (without dispensing box). Transmission, Power Selection on front-wheel driveFront main gear were collected in one block. Front suspension independent (Mac-Fersson), rear dependent (de Dion). The engine along with the front suspension and the radiator was mounted on a removable subframe, which facilitated the repair and assembly of the car.
The interior "Proto" is designed for four passengers, the seats were transformed, forming a single bed. The rear part of the roof was shot, the possibility of setting the awning.
In parallel with "Proto" on LUAZ, in the framework of the competition, its version was developed future carwho had serious differences.
LUAZ 1301 (1984/88/94) is a prototype of a light SUV, which was supposed to replace the outdated model 969m on the conveyor. The first version of the car was constructed back in 1984 and was the same 969m with a new body. The 1988 prototype was distinguished by a frame-panel body (steel frame and plastic panels), pneumatic elements in an independent spring suspension, allowing to change ground clearance. As a power plant, an upgraded MEMZ-245 engine from "Tavria" was applied.
The drive of all wheels is permanent, in the transmission there was a blocked inter-sieve differential. The roof and sidewalls were filmed, allowing you to easily turn the jeep into a pickup, the version was also planned and with a soft riding. Backdoor The machines were made of two sections - the upper and lower, the spare wheel and the set of tools were placed in niches under the front seats, thus fully freeing the luggage compartment.
But for incomprehensible reasons, no version of the car was chosen, and in a year it became quite not up to prototypes.
MAZ 2000 "Perestroika"
Capital name. Well, just dickly delivers.
MAZ 2000 "Perestroika" (1988) is a prototype of a trunk truck, which was distinguished by the original modular design: in the front, most of the aggregates were located in front of the engine, gearbox, drive axle and steering. If necessary, any of the "passive" carts was replaced by a similar set of aggregates, allowing you to build a road train of any length and carrying capacity.
It was the first Soviet car designed specifically for truckers. In the fall of 1988, this design was very high in the Paris Motor Show, but did not hit the production prototype, for obvious reasons.
Not that country was named Honduras.
Of course, this is not the entire list. There was another mass of interesting projects that remained in single copies. And even in the form of drawings.
Why were these projects were not implemented? That is, reasons. The Soviet system again was imperfect, it often gave birth to brilliant projects and revolutionary ideas, but immediately killed them.
What happened in our time with many of these exhibits?
Homemade cars
Why not? If you have a technical education, cooks the bowler, and the claws grow not from the ass - so why not build your own car?
In the USSR it was quite possible.
In the 1960s, the well-known magazine "Technique-Youth" was headed by the movement of amateur automotors in the USSR. For 20 years on the pages of the magazine, on the TV screens, during many road runs around the country, the eyes of millions of readers and viewers appeared dozens Homemade cars. The moment in the promotion of amateur automotors in the 80s made the transfer "This you can" (computer), which enjoyed nationwide attention. For each transmission, a long time for 45 minutes, television received up to half a million letters (!!!).
Of all the projects of this pore, I selected the most interesting.
Pangolina
Like the first products of Ford and Benz, the legend of the Soviet author's automotive industry - Pangolina, was designed and built with almost one person. Alexander Kulagin. Unlike funny "shelters" or "ant", Pangolina Kulygin was a full-fledged car created by an experienced and talented designer.
The main structural material of the body was steloplastic. The work on the creation of the Pangoline body began with the formation of a master model - plywood base for fiberglass. Basic operations were conducted in Moscow. After the departure of Kulygin to Ukhta, the master model was destroyed. The process of adaptation of the body under the chassis of a vase penny took place in the city of Ukhta. The engine used the original motor from the VAZ 2101 - a forced alternative to the planned opposite engine, which did not appear in the final version of Pangolines.
The experts argued that Sportor Lamborghini Countach was an inspirer. The body shape and the original execution of the opening-closing mechanism of the door - realized in the form of a moving cap, which is realized in the form of a moving cap, exciting part of the roof. A periscopic prism was used as a mirror of the rear view.
Universal Lada Vesta. A little concluded with access to the market - the car was waiting last year, but due to the losses of the automotive industry and the change of leadership to mass production, it came only now. Nevertheless, in Togliatti fulfilled the promise and still presented the car, which.
However, it was not always. In different years, the plant gave birth to the most interesting concepts and projects, most of which were not destined to get to the conveyor due to financial or bureaucratic wires.
"Pony" (1984)
At the turn of the 1970s and 1980s there was a splash of interest in electrocarp. There were no mass technology at that moment, but AvtoVAZ designers were enjoyed by this topic. The Pony project assumed the creation of a whole family of specialized electrocars, and the first one became the compact four-seater golf car with an index 1801, which was asked to use in parks and resort areas. Followed the onboard truck with a single cab in VAZ 2802-01 and a pretty VAZ-2802-02 van, which was assigned the role of delivering vehicles of the district service. To facilitate the machines of their body were built from aluminum and plastic.
VAZ-1801 "Pony"
Project "X" (1986)
A little-known project was reflections on the topic of the 2000 car. As such a vase holder, a family seven-co-single unit was seen a relatively compact size with an aerodynamic body and an original front optics under windscreen. In addition to the five-door planned and a shortened three-door option. And to build these machines was assumed on the basis of the serial VAZ-2108 with its units. However, they did not even build a concept - only one layout was created in full size and two on the scale of 1: 5. According to rumors, Mikhail Gorbachev's wife was interested in the car, but in the early 1990s, the plant was no longer before experiments.
"Gnome" and "Elf" (1990-1994)
Experiment with the project of a super-compact car in Togliatti began in the late eighties. The quadruple "Gnome" with the factory index of VAZ-1151 was built on the "Oka" units. The length of the machine with the plant formula 2 + 2 did not exceed 2.5 m, and the rotation radius was only 3.5 meters. The mass did not exceed 500 kg, and the maximum speed with the engine from Oci reached 140 km per hour. Evgeny Lobanov worked on the exterior of the car, which then became the main designer of AvtoVAZ. It was assumed to produce 10 thousand cars per year, but the project of the ranks. In 1994, he was reborn in the double-car "Elf" (VAZ-1152) with an awning instead of the roof and off-road wheels, which were planned to be used in parks and recreation areas, but the beach car could not have been done either.
VAZ-1151 "Gnome"
Bora (1995)
Another beach car, but not this time on the units of the SUV "Niva" - more old, before the start of modernization. The basis of the body, chassis, transmission and power unit "Bora" received unchanged, but the angular body of the authorship of the Eight designer Vladislav Pashko has the original car. On the spatial aluminum frame, the panels made of ABS plastic were hung, which opened wide opportunities for customization. It is said that the car was interested in Farmers of Latin America and arab SheikhBut in Tolyatti, the project was closed by building only two experienced instances.
"Rapan" (1998)
At the end of the nineties fashion on biodies, it was already started to go to no, but the Vazov concept still made a furor on the car dealership in Paris. The design in the style of the famous Kolani, a glass cabin-cap and sliding doors were truly surprised. The car had a smooth floor, the chairs were rotated, and the steering wheel with fixed central part And built-in devices at exit automatically climbed. Finally, Ripan was an electric car. The aggregates and batteries were borrowed from the electric "Oka", which itself was not serial. The option with the usual internal combustion engine was also envisaged, but there were no investors to anyone. The only prototype remained in the Plant Museum.
Roadster (2000)
A stylish roadster in Tolyatti was made as if there would be an inactivity to the then financial problems. Designer Nikolay I needed, invented in the Italian Atelier Sbarro, came up with a car in the style of Audi TT with a folding roof, which was controlled by the electric drive and, as folded, did not take away the useful volume of the trunk. The car was based on a shortened chassis "Kalina", and the engine promised a two-liter. The estimated maximum speed reached 200 km / h, and the "honeycomb" Lada Roadster was supposed to be recruited in 9 seconds. Despite the detailed elaboration of the body and the cabin, the car remained in a single copy.
Peter Turbo (2000)
Another sample of biodide, which was first shown in Moscow, and then - in the final form - in Paris. In the period of Millenium in Togliatti, it was just so seen a minivan of the future, following the global trend on one-uniforms. From the point of view of aerodynamics, the concept of Peter Turbo turned out to be a breakthrough, since he did not exceed 0.2. And especially stylists were proud of the windows line, moving to the rear spoiler. The word "turbo" in the title of the concept did not confirm anything - no information about the filling of the vase holders was given. The stylish body is completely outdated, and the car remained experimenting.
New "Zhiguli" (2002)
Extend the conveyor life of the classic family could the VAZ-2151 project, also known as Lada Classic concept - a wagon on the VAZ-2015 chassis with the body of a wagon and a transformable interior. The station wagon received a 500-liter trunk and folding rear seats, and the classic chassis was upgraded using a roll steering mechanism, MacPherson's front suspension and a 1.7 liter motor from "Niva". And externally, the car simultaneously resembled Fiat Stilo and FORD FUSION. Those years. Another variation on the same topic is a VAZ-2107M sedan project named Classic-2. The case was limited to exhibition species, since already in those years in Togliatti considered a classical platform for non-prospective.
Project "C" (2005)
The project "C" has become the most important and long-playing development of AvtoVAZ in two thousandths. In 2005, after coming to the factory of managers from Rostechnology, Togliatti decided to create a completely new platform for a whole family of cars, including sedan, hatchback, wagon, crossover, and even sports car. The first was the Silhouette sedan (VAZ-2116), which demonstrated not only a new style, but also the platform itself with 1.8 L (116 and 122 hp) engines (116 and 122 hp), new box Transmissions and a completely different suspension.
In 2007, the new platform was built a sports three-year LADA C Concept - so stylish that the Vazovians brought her to the Geneva car dealership. It was assumed that the car will receive a 2.0-liter motor and will accelerate to 210 km per hour. And a year later in Moscow presented the prototype of urban crossover Lada. C-Cross with VAZ-2119 index. Because of the crisis and the new format of relations within the partners alliance Renault-Nissan The project had to collapse, but the existing developments were subsequently used in the project of the Vesta family.
On the automotive exhibitions Very many prototypes are always represented. It takes a lot of time to create a new car, and to eliminate emerging mistakes and inaccuracies even more. Only a small part of new creations reaches a conveyor. The larger part of the cars remains only in the drawings or is produced in the amount of one unit. USSR
Many cars with familiar contours concerns more on the roads of Russia and many countries. These were serial models. And VAZ, after its creation prepared a number of new models.
VAZ E1101 experienced "1970 
Who knows what it could be - an alternative to "Niva" or a parallel model that could buy?
Or VAZ 2103 "Experienced Universal 1976 
Well, it came out, were "VAZ2102 and VAZ2104". The serial troika failed to be "universal".
VAZ 2105 "Zhiguli" Experienced "1976 
VAZ 2107 upgraded experienced "1986 
VAZ E2122 "1976 
VAZ-PORSCHE 2103 prototype "1976 
VAZ 2802-01 "Pony" Experienced "1980 
But as you know, the family "Zhiguli" serially was small on the nomenclature for many years. And if such models would go to the conveyor at 70-80?
AZLK also tried to expand his nomenclature. And many were created structures that did not reach the series.
MSMA 401E-424E "Moskvich" Experienced "1949 
Mosza "Moskvich" A9 prototype 1957. 
Minibus "Moskvich".
The nine minibus designed by I. A. Gladilin and V. I. Evlampov, according to the modern classification, would be considered a car in, that is, passenger.
The experimental machine was equipped with a non-relocated Moskvich-407 engine and an experienced four-stage gearbox. Used knots and details, in particular the rear axle from Moskvich-410. Two cargo bodies were also manufactured, but these cars "Moskvich-FVG" never collected. Minibus work has ceased due to the lack of space at the plant for its production.
MSMA 444 "Moskvich" Prototype "1958 
In the future, all design and technological documentation for the Soviet Fiat were transferred to the ZAZ plant.
AZLK "Moskvich 408 tourist" 1964 
AZLK 2150 "Moskvich" experienced "1972. 
AZLK 3-5-5 Experienced 1972. 
In this "Moskvich", the forms of the BMW-3 series are guessed in the back.
Cute and modern model at the time. As usual, we are delayed with production, it is frozen, and such beautiful models become the property of history and dust in the automores of the plants.
AZLK Moskvich-C1 prototype "1974 
It looks very dynamically and cheerful. Especially for 1974.
AZLK 3-5-6 Experienced 1975. 
AZLK Moskvich C-3 prototype 1976. 
So there could be a "Moskvich -2141" if the copying "SIMCA" did not go.
And this is a long-haired idea of \u200b\u200bthe city taxi designer Yuri Aaronovich Dolmatovsky. For a long time, nothing was known about the fate of the most prototype: after he forgot about him, he fell into the historical exposition of the 19th Moscow Taxi Park, where there was except for the transference of production, delegations from other cities. Now he is exposed to the museum. Its bulk steel frame is lined with fiberglass panels. In the cabin four seating. Entry and output through one side sliding door on the right side.
Experimental taxi VNIITE-PT. 1964 
Imz-Nami-450 protein 1956. 
In 1956, by us, together with the Irbit Motorcycle Plant, developed a microline immz-Nami-A50 protein. The back-engine car with a length of only 3.3 meters was distinguished unusual for that time "carriage" layout.
To access the driver's place and the front passenger, the front of the body leaned forward, and a large side door on the right side was served to land on the back seat. In other features - independent suspension Miniature 10-inch wheels, hydraulic drives of brakes and clutches, two-cylinder motorcycle engine air cooling Imz-M-72 in the production of protein did not go, and the prototypes were destroyed.
ZIL E169A 1964. 
An experienced car of a bad layout, conceived as an alternative ZIL 130.
GAZ 18. 2 units were produced. 
GAZ M-73 experienced 1955 
GAZ 56 prototype 1st series 1956 
GAZ 53A experienced 1972. 
GAZ 3101 "Volga" experienced 1975 
The contours of the machine resemble "Mersedes - Series 200".
But the Volga was a special fate. The forms of the trunk changed, the contours of the face, but the base - the cabin in all models was the same.
GAZ 3105 "Volga" Experienced "1987-92 
USA
Creating a car hard matter. But what primarily attracts a potential buyer? Especially in countries with a well-developed automotive industry. For example, the United States. The car can not long on the conveyor. Need rotation of models. And what will be put in the series tomorrow? What will attract the consumer?
Over this worked constructors and designers trying to "look" a little forward. That is, create well, if not a car of the future, then at least tomorrow.
A large number of manufacturers in the United States created favorable conditions for healthy competition in the work of designers.
Cars of the nearest period seemed to them as unusual with rocket-aircraft forms (this aero style in the United States and in many countries long lasted).
And its origins appeared at the end of the 40s. Already approached the end of the fashion for victorious bodies with heavy lines and massive decor.
Tucker Torpedo 1948. 
The stimulus for the development of new lines and forms was the approach of the 60s. The age of reactive technology, the beginning of the development of space. Sharp jump technologies. It seemed the future already near. And everyone wanted to get into this future.
New cars acquired rapidness, thrust for speed and futuristicity.
Many developments were created in a single instance. But such a fate of prototypes, concepts. Much of these cars were used in varying degrees later, in the nodes of other machines, their design.
1953 Cadillac Lemans. 
OldSmobile. 
1953 GM Futureliner. 
1954 PONTIC BONNEVILLE SPECIAL MOTORAMA 
1954 GM XP 21 Firebird I with a gas turbine engine. 
1954 GM XP 21 Passenger version of Firebird II created based on Firebird i 
1954 OldSmobile F88. 
1955 Chevrolet Biscayne. 
1955 Ford Mystere 
1955 Cadillac Lasalle II Coupe 
1962 Ford Seattle. 
1969 Buick Century Cruiser 
1963 FORD ALLEGRO COUPE CONCEPT 
1968 Dodge Charger III 
1962 Corvair Monza GT 
1956 Pontiac Club de Mer 
1965 Cadillac 840 Eldorado 
