Diesel fuel (DT) is arctic, winter or summer. The main difference between them from each other in the temperature of the limiting ability to filter, turbidity and frozen. Summer fuel in winter with minus 20 ° C can freeze and its use will be impossible.
The diesel fuel is characterized by such parameters:
- cetane number (CH),
- rocker
- viscosity
- low-temperature properties.
Under the cetane number means flammability of diesel fuel.
This is a period of time from injection of fuel into the cylinder before burning. A higher number contributes to rapid ignition and fuel combustion. The temperature characteristic of diesel fuel depends on the cetane number. It is CCs that distinguishes diesel fuel to winter and summer.
Winter DT has the number of 50-65 units, and the summer is about 45. In international standards, a diesel index (Diesel Index) and a cetane index (CETAN INDEX) is used instead of the cetane number.
The second important property of diesel fuel is pumping.
This property provides the necessary fuel supply to the cylinders. Pulmonary depends on the amount of mechanical impurities in the fuel, resins affecting the passage of fuel through the filter.
An important characteristic of diesel fuel is viscosity.
Too much viscosity increases the separation of smoke during the combustion process of fuel and increases the consumption of fuel, which reduces the engine efficiency. This is due to the fact that due to increased viscosity, fuel pumping is reduced through filters and the process of mixing is worse. Conversely, low viscosity fuel worse sealing and lubricates plunger pairs in the fuel pump high pressure (TNVD). The diesel fuel reduced viscosity sometimes causes the failure of the TNLD.
Another indicator of fuel quality is its low-temperature characteristics.
The first category is arctic diesel fuel capable of passing through the filter at a temperature of minus 50 ° C. Such fuel is used in countries where the air temperature is extremely low and the use of another DT is impossible.
The next category refers winter diesel fuel. With extremely low temperatures, the process of paraffin crystallization occurs. The temperature at which fuel retains its work properties does not exceed minus 35 ° C.
The most popular diesel fuel stamps are:
- summer diesel fuel of the highest grade L-0.2-62;
- diesel automotive fuel (TDA) grade C, E, brand (EN 590);
- diesel ecological fuel DEC-3. Having improved environmental indicatorsThis fuel is usually used in urban conditions.
To improve the properties of fuel in them, various additives are often added, which cleaned fuel system From water, oily deposits, which contributes to an increase in engine performance.
The cleaner of diesel fuel, the engine works more and more efficiently. This characteristic of diesel fuel is very important.
To determine the fuel purity characteristic, the filterness coefficient is used, which is determined by the time ratio for which the fuel passes through the filter at a certain atmospheric pressure.
Basically, the filterness of diesel fuel depends on the content of water, mechanical impurities, resins and acids in diesel fuel.
Fuel filtering is very important. Every time fuel refilling, in the neck fuel tank Dust can fall capable of significant damage to the driving surfaces of the engine and the entire system of nutrition. Dust through the nozzles can penetrate into the engine cylinders, clog the channels of the nozzle sprayer, which can reduce the power of the engine due to insufficient fuel flow into the combustion chamber.
Therefore, it is advisable to buy filters of only well-known manufacturers.
Incorrectly chosen additive can lead to deposits.
It must be remembered that very effective additives may have negative properties. After sad consequences Improper use of additives Many owners abandoned their use. This is especially true for the use of additives for foreign machinery. Foreign engines, especially Japanese, are very sensitive to the quality of fuel and the presence of additives are reacting in different ways.
Improper use of additives in such engines often leads to a breakdown of expensive equipment.
To improve the engine start, especially in winter, and an increase in the efficiency of its operation is used by additives capable of increasing the cetane number.
Additives to increase the cetane number do not have a negative impact on the characteristics of the fuel.
They are recommended to be used only in cases where the fuel has a large lubricity. Unfortunately, the increase in the cetane number with the help of a row can reduce the lubricant fuel property. Usually, adding an additive into fuel with low lubricant properties can lead to an accelerated wear of the engine parts and the failure of the nozzles.
Despite all sorts of filters, separators and additives, still clogging over time. This is especially true of old engines. To solve this problem, detergent additives are intended, whose popularity is very large worldwide. Washing additives are able to remove deposits formed in the engine. These sediments are a NAGA, which worsens the combustion process of fuel, and also contribute to an increase in toxicity. exhaust gases. Immediately after applying the washing additive, toxicity decreases sharply and, in addition, an increase in engine power and a decrease in fuel consumption is observed.
Some additive manufacturers claim that they make universal, multipurpose additives. Such additives should be treated with extreme caution, carefully checking the truth of the manufacturer's advertising.
Car owners are confronted daily with a difficult choice: where to buy fuel so that it is high-quality; What additive add to the fuel to not harm the engine and benefit; Which filter is to install so that it is well cleaned fuel.
To perform these tasks there are two ways: Application good filters and additives, however, it should be borne in mind that they are not always compatible. Fuel filters are designed for a specific type of fuel, and the use of the additive does not exclude the likelihood of changing the fuel properties, such as viscosity, and the filter will not be able to perform its function.
Maybe this option when fuel filter Filters the fuel additive, and the fuel will fall into the combustion chamber without additive.
Therefore, before using new filters or additives, it should be carefully familiar with their properties and characteristics to avoid unpleasant cases.
GOST R 55475-2013
National Standard of the Russian Federation
Fuel Diesel Winter and Arctic Deparaffined
Technical conditions
Dewaxed Winter and Arctic Diesel Fuel. Specifications.
OX 75.160.20
Date of introduction 2014-07-01
Preface
Objectives and principles of standardization in Russian Federation Installed by federal law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation"
Information about standard
1 Developed by Open Joint-Stock Company "All-Russian Research Institute for Oil Processing" (OJSC "VNII NP")
2 Submitted by the Technical Committee on Standardization TC 31 "Oil Fuel and Lubricants"
3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of July 5, 2013 N 292-ST
4 In this standard, the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union Tr Ts 013/2011 are taken into account on the requirements for automotive and aviation gasoline, diesel and ships fuel, fuel for jet engines and fuel oil, approved by the decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of October 18, 2011 N 826
5 introduced for the first time
The rules for applying this standard are established inGOST R 1.0-2012 (Section 8). Information on the changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) the information indicator "National Standards", and the official text of the amendments and amendments - in the monthly information indicator "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or the cancellation of this standard, the appropriate notification will be published in the nearest issue of the monthly information indicator "National Standards". Relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the national authority of the Russian Federation on the standardization on the Internet (GOST.RU)
1 area of \u200b\u200buse
1 area of \u200b\u200buse
This standard applies to dewaxing winter and arctic diesel fuel (hereinafter - diesel fuel) for high-speed diesel engines of ground-based equipment. Diesel fuel is obtained on the basis of medium-grade fractions in the processing of oil and gas condensates.
2 Regulatory references
This standard uses regulatory references to the following standards:
GOST R 8.580-2001 State system for ensuring unity of measurements. Definition and application of indicators of precision test methods of petroleum products
GOST R 12.4.246-2008 Labor safety standards system. Facilities individual protection Hands. Gloves. Are common technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R EN ISO 2719-2008 petroleum products. Methods for determining the flash temperature in the closed penalty of Pensky Martens
GOST R EN ISO 3405-2007 petroleum products. Method for determining the fractional composition at atmospheric pressure
GOST R ISO 3675-2007 Crude oil and petroleum products are liquid. Laboratory method for determining density using a carometer
GOST R ISO 12156-1-2006 Diesel fuel. The definition of the lubricity on the HFRR apparatus. Part 1. Test Method
GOST R EN ISO 12205-2007 petroleum products. Determination of the oxidative stability of distillate fuels
GOST R EN 12916-2008 Petroleum products. Determination of types of aromatic hydrocarbons in medium distillates. The method of highly efficient liquid chromatography with detection by refractive coefficient
GOST R EN ISO 14596-2008 petroleum products. Determination of sulfur content by X-ray fluorescent spectrometry with dispersion by wavelength
GOST R EN 15195-2011 Liquid petroleum products. Medium distillate fuel. Method for determining the delay of ignition and the resulting cetane number (DCN) combustion in a constant volume chamber
GOST R EN ISO 20846-2006 petroleum products. Determination of sulfur content by ultraviolet fluorescence
GOST R EN ISO 20847-2010 petroleum products. Definition of sulfur in automotive fuels by X-ray spectrometry
GOST R 51069-97 Oil and petroleum products. Method for determining density, relative density and density in degrees API AREETER
GOST R 51947-2002 Oil and petroleum products. Definition of sulfur method of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent spectrometry
GOST R 52660-2006 (EN ISO 20884: 2004) Automotive fuel. Method for determining the sulfur content of x-ray fluorescence spectrometry with dispersion by wavelength
GOST R 52709-2007 Diesel fuel. Definition of a cetane number
GOST R 53203-2008 petroleum products. Determination of sulfur by X-ray fluorescent spectrometry with dispersion by wavelength
GOST R 53708-2009 petroleum products. Fluids transparent and opaque. Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
GOST R 54279-2010 Petroleum products. Methods for determining the temperature of the flash in the device of pennies-martens with an open cigarette
GOST 12.0.004-90 Labor safety standards. Organization of learning safety of labor. General provisions
GOST 12.1.007-76 Labor safety standards. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements
GOST 12.1.018-93 Labor safety standards. Fire-safety static electricity. General requirements
GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) System of labor safety standards. Firelessness of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their definition
GOST 12.4.010-75 Labor safety standards. Individual protection means. Special mittens. Technical conditions
GOST 12.4.011-89 Labor safety standards. Means of protecting working. General requirements and classification
GOST 12.4.020-82 Labor safety standards system. Individual hand protection. Nomenclature of quality indicators
GOST 12.4.021-75 Labor safety standards system. Ventilation systems. General requirements
GOST 12.4.034-2001 (EN 133-90) System of labor safety standards. Personal respiratory protection. Classification and marking
GOST 12.4.068-79 Labor safety standards. Individual protection means dermatological. Classification and general requirements
GOST 12.4.103-83 Labor safety standards system. Special protective clothing, personal protective equipment and hand. Classification
GOST 12.4.111-82 Labor safety standards system. Men's suits for protection against oil and petroleum products. Technical conditions
GOST 12.4.112-82 Labor safety standards system. Women's costumes for protection against oil and petroleum products. Technical conditions
GOST 2.4.121-83 Labor safety standards system. Anti-mask industrial filtering. Technical conditions
_______________
* Probably the error of the original. Read: GOST 12.4.121-83, here and then in the text. - Note database manufacturer.
GOST 17.2.3.02-78 Nature Protection. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions harmful substances Industrial enterprises
GOST 33-2000 (ISO 3104-94) petroleum products. Transparent and opaque liquids. Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
GOST 1461-75 Oil and petroleum products. The method of determining ashness
GOST 1510-84 Oil and petroleum products. Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage
GOST 2177-99 (ISO 3405-88) petroleum products. Methods for determining the fractional composition
GOST 2517-85 Oil and petroleum products. Sampling methods
GOST 3122-67 fuel diesel. Method for determining the cetane number
GOST 5066-91 (ISO 3013-74) Motor fuel. Methods for determining the temperature of the turbidity, the start of crystallization and crystallization
GOST 6356-75 petroleum products. Method for determining the flash temperature in a closed crucible
GOST 19433-88 Loads dangerous. Classification and marking
GOST 19932-99 (ISO 6615-93) petroleum products. Determination of the cumacity by Conradson
GOST 22254-92 Diesel fuel. Method for determining the limiting temperature of the filterness on the cold filter
GOST 27574-87 Women's costumes to protect against common production pollution and mechanical impacts. Technical conditions
GOST 27575-87 Men's suits to protect against common production pollution and mechanical effects. Technical conditions
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the action of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or on the National Standards Annual Information Signal, which is published as of January 1 of the current year, And according to the relevant issues of the monthly information indicator "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard should be guided by replacing (modified) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, the position in which the reference is given to it is applied in a portion that does not affect this link.
3 Legend and OKP codes
3.1 in the conditional designation when ordering and in regulatory documents Indicate the designation of the grade of diesel fuel and the limiting temperature of the filterness with reference to this standard.
Examples
1 Fuel Diesel Winter DT-Z-K3 (K4, K5) Minus 32
GOST R 55475-2013
.
2 Fuel Diesel Winter Dt-Z-K3 (K4, K5) Minus 38
GOST R 55475-2013
.
3 Fuel Diesel Arctic DT-A-K3 (K4, K5) Minus 44
GOST R 55475-2013
.
4 Fuel Diesel Arctic DT-A-K3 (K4, K5) Minus 48
GOST R 55475-2013
.
5 Fuel Diesel Arctic DT-A-K3 (K4, K5) Minus 52
GOST R 55475-2013
.
3.2 Classification of product groups (OKP codes) is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 - OKP codes
Climatic Terms of Application, Ecological Fuel Class |
||
Winter | Arctic |
|
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Diesel fuel must comply with the requirements of this Standard and manufactured according to the approved technology.
4.2 In physical and chemical and operational indicators, diesel fuel depending on the climatic conditions of application (s, a) and the limiting filtral temperature (minus 32, 38, 44, 48, 52) must comply with the requirements specified in Table 2.
Table 2 - Fuel Requirements
Name of the indicator | Value | Test method |
|||||
1 Cetane number, not less | |||||||
7 Coxility of a 10% remission of acceleration,% of mass., Not more | |||||||
15 Fractional composition: | Chemical factors of the production environment. Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in the air of the working area |
||||||
Methodical guidelines for gas chromatographic measurement of hydrocarbon concentrations C - C (separately) in the air of the working area (Appendix 9) |
|||||||
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations Sanpin 2.1.7.1322-03 | Hygienic requirements for the placement and disposal of production and consumption waste. The procedure for accumulation, transportation, disposal and disposal of toxic industrial waste |
||||||
Maximum permissible concentrations (PDC) pollutants in the atmospheric air of populated areas |
|||||||
Rules for the transportation of liquid cargo in bulk in tank wagons and bunker cars for the transportation of the petrochetum (approved by the Council for Railway Transport of the CIS member states on May 22, 2009 N 50) (as amended with changes and additions, approved by the minutes of meetings of the Council of Rail Transport States - participants of the CIS of 11/23/07, 05/30/08, 05/20/09) |
|||||||
Electronic document text
prepared CJSC Codex and drilled by:
official edition
M.: Standinform, 2013
Diesel fuel is the old enough, but still in demand of the fuel for piston and if earlier the area of \u200b\u200bits use was limited due to low quality and toxic combustion products, now more and more passenger cars are equipped with diesel engines, and scientists work to increase performance features And make diesel fuel environmentally friendly.
What is diesel fuel
Diesel fuel is severe oil fractions, the basis of which are hydrocarbons with high - 200-350 ° C - boiling point. Used as fuel in diesel engines and gas diffuses.
Why in diesel? Because in contrast to gasoline engineswhere a mixture of gasoline with air is set on fire from sparks, in a diesel piston engine, fuel is self-propagated with strong compression.
Externally, diesel fuel is transparent, with greater viscosity than gasoline, liquid, the color of which can be yellow, and brown different shades. The color affects the resins in the fuel.
When combustion, any fuel produces energy. Diesel fuel, except for this main task, performs several more important functions in the engine. It lubricates B. fuel injectors And the pumps rubbed surfaces, cools the walls of the combustion chamber and adjust the exhaust parameters on the engines.
Sea and river vessels, diesel locomotives, military and trucks - almost all heavy transport works on diesel engines.
The last decades are popular in advanced European countries a carwhich works on diesel fuel. Fuel consumption by 40% in the diesel engine is smaller, and the traction force, power, permeability and safety of exhaust gases are greater than in gasoline.
It is economical in operation and at the cost of fuel. It is used in diesel electrical generators of stationary and in the boilers of autonomous heating systems.
Solar oil, which is popularly called simply diesel fuel, is a residual diesel fuel with a high viscosity and a boiling point to 400 ° C. This type of fuel is used for low-speed engines on water and rail transportTractors. In addition, the solarium impregnate the skin in the leather industry. The solarium oil is part of the dispensable-coolant during metal processing with cutting and hardening fluid during their heat treatment.
Main characteristics
Cutane number ( main parameter diesel fuel) characterizes fuel flammability. It determines the period of delay in the combustion of the working mixture, that is, the time that passes between the fuel injection into the cylinder and the beginning of its combustion. The smaller this period of time, the quantane number is higher, and the engine warming is less. True, the smoke of the exhaust increases, which becomes critical at the cetane number above 55.
For the processes of injection and fuel injection, its viscosity is important, on which lubricating characteristics depend on
It depends on its efficiency and efficiency, because the higher the density, the more energy is produced during combustion.
An important characteristic is the amount of sulfur that contains diesel fuel. These are sulfur compounds that reduce the corrosion resistance of the fuel system.
The limiting temperature of the diesel fuel is also indicated by the limiting temperature of the filterness, that is, such a temperature at which the diesel fuel is so much that it does not pass at all or very slowly through the filter with certain sizes.
It is below the turbidity temperature, that is, temperatures at which the paraffin, which is contained in the fuel, begins to crystallize.
Until 2015, diesel fuel in Russian standards was divided by types. In the State Standard introduced in January 2015, the separation coincides with the division into environmental classes in accordance with the European standard and occurs depending on the sulfur content in the fuel. The content of sulfur no more than 350, 50 and 10 mg / kg corresponds to the form I, view II and type III according to outdated and environmental classes K3, K4 and K5 according to a new state standard, respectively.
It is not recommended to use fuel in which high sulfur content, since it increases harmful emissions into the atmosphere, corrosion and wear of the fuel system elements are accelerated, respectively, the cost of frequent replacement of filters and oils increases.
As a rule, the improvement of some properties leads to the deterioration of others. The decrease in the sulfur content is to reduce the lubricating properties of diesel fuel. Therefore, various additives add to the fuel to save one of the main functions.
Sort diesel fuel
Diesel fuel varieties differ in temperature below which it is impossible to use fuel. As a criterion uses the limiting temperature of the filterness. Moreover, the varieties are divided by summer and interseasonal diesel fuel with this indicator not lower than -20 ° C.
The variety A is characterized by a temperature not lower than 5 ° C above zero. For each next grade B, C, D, E and F, the indicator is reduced by 5 ° C.
An example is the euro diesel fuel, grade with, view II and III or in new version Environmental classes K4 and K5 with a filtral temperature of up to five degrees below zero and sulfur content no more than 50 and 10 milligram per kilogram of fuel.
Classes of diesel fuel
The division into the classes of diesel fuel for winter or cold climate occurs not only by the temperature of the filtrality, the second characteristic is the cloud temperature.
In winter and arctic diesel fuel at low temperatures, the crystallization of paraffin begins, which worsens the characteristics.
Class of diesel fuel | Filter limit temperature, ° С | Perpeneum temperature, ° С |
|
If there is not a letter in the designation of diesel fuel after the designation of DT, and the figure, it means that this fuel is winter or arctic.
The brands of diesel fuel
In physical and chemical and the conditions of use, diesel fuel is divided into four types, which are marked by capital letters of the alphabet:
Summer (L), which includes grades of fuel A, B, C, D with the limit filtral temperature from +5 to -10 ° C. This diesel fuel can be used at temperatures not lower than 0 ° C.
Intersonal (E), varieties E and F, with a temperature of up to -15 and -20 ° C, it is used in autumn, when the air temperature ranges from +5 to -5 ° C.
Winter (s), which is divided into classes C 0 3 and the temperature of the filtralability in the range from -20 to -38 ° C and is used at air temperature not lower than minus 20 ° C.
Arctic (a) fuel class 4 with limiting filtral temperature minus 44 ° C and temperature ambient Up to minus 50 ° C (in documents, negative significance is often accompanied by the word "minus", and not the icon to avoid inaccuracies).
Marking fuel
Diesel fuel brands include the name (DT), variety or class, depending on the conditions of application and the environmental class. That is, only two parameters are indicated in the brand: sulfur content and limiting filtral temperature.
Today you can meet the designations and new, and obsolete, for example, Dt winter euro 5 grade F, which is deciphered as winter diesel fuel with a sulfur content of no more than 50 mg / kg and the limit filtral temperature up to minus 20 ° C, that is, the most used in conditions Russian winters with high fuel environmental requirements.
This marking of L-0,2-62 still comes across, that is, the fuel of the summer highest grade, indicating the amount of sulfur (200 mg / kg) and flash temperatures of 62 ° C. Flash temperature The main indicator is not, but with equal other characteristics, the best for fire safety is considered to be fuel with a higher temperature.
How to store diesel fuel
For a regular consumer who has a personal car with a diesel engine, the question of storing diesel fuel is not worth it.
But for where the fuel is bought in bulk and is kept long enough, the storage problem is very relevant.
The storage of diesel fuel is possible at 20 ° C for a year and at temperatures above 30 0 C from six months to a year in hermetic containers protected from direct sunlight.
When stored, the fuel should not be contacted with copper, brass or zinc so that the fuel does not clog the products of chemical reactions with these metals. In addition, it should be protected from moisture and dust and should not have additives that can disintegrate during storage. For example, in the types of diesel fuel with high class Environmentalities add additives to increase lubricating characteristics that decompose very quickly.
The effectiveness of this fuel is high, its scope is steadily growing. There are new grades of diesel fuel and new sources of it. Now there are already new developments, and diesel fuel is produced not only from oil. Maybe the future belongs to diesel fuel from vegetable oils.
S. Podgursky
Diesel fuel is that substance that makes the car drivers work. Without it, the industry would simply get up. It is this fuel that we refuel the car every day into the car tank, brings us some great problems.
Rudolph Diesel (1858-1913) was a talented inventor and an engineer, but good luck in life it did not bring him. In 1893 he developed and manufactured the engine internal combustion C k.p.d. 26%. This is more than twice the k.p.d. steam engines that time. In 1898, he demonstrated the engine that worked on peanut butter and had a Ph.D. 75%. In 1913, R. Diesel suddenly dies under strange circumstances, it may have been suicide, but this is just one of the versions. Diesel was heading to England to organize the production and operation of its engines there, and fell over the board of the steamer. Soon after the death of the inventor began the first world War, and German submarines with diesel engines began to sow death and destruction in the rows of the Antyty fleet.
Diesel works continued to other pioneers, in particular Klezsey L. Kammins. Until the 1920s. diesel engines were mainly stationary and worked on biofuel. In the 1920s, engines operating on more liquid fuels, which produced an emerging oil refining industry were applied. The time of petroleum magnates and the rapid development of diesel technologies began.
Modern diesel engines have a higher capacity and KPD, equipped with turbocharged and more economical than their distant predecessors. These improvements have become the result of the wide use of electronics and in turn made it necessary to use fuel and oils of higher quality.
Use of fuel is a difficult question. Having understood in all subtleties, you can prevent malfunctions and save a lot of money during the operation of the machine. Diesel fuel is characterized by a number of qualities that are combined and determine the effectiveness of its work. It is impossible to say which one is more important than others. All of them contribute to the performance of fuel functions in the combustion process. What are these functions? First of all, the fuel is the source of energy, but its functions are not limited. The fuel cools the combustion chamber, and also lubricates the fuel surfaces and cleans the nozzle. Consider some characteristics of diesel fuel.
Cutane number. This indicator characterizes the ability of diesel fuel to ignite after injection into the engine combustion chamber, i.e., determines the period of delaying the ignition of the mixture from injection into the cylinder before the start of burning. The higher the cetane number, the easier the fuel is flammable, the shorter the delay and the more calm and smoothly burns the fuel-air mixture.
Most engine manufacturers recommend using diesel fuel with a cetane number of at least 40. From the value of the cetane number, launchers depend on the cold start, the speed of the engine warming up and the uniformity of its operation. In Europe, diesel fuel with a cetane number of about 51, in Japan - approximately 50.
According to the Russian standard, the cetane number of summer and winter diesel fuel should be at least 45, therefore the capacity of modern diesel engines of foreign production (which both overseas, and domestic equipment are equipped), designed for "European" or Japanese diesel fuel, can be somewhat decreased when working on a Russian diesel engineer . In addition, on a diesel population with a lower cetane number, engines work tougher.
An amazing fact: tax policy in our country is such that the higher the cetane number of diesel fuel (and octane - gasoline), the higher the excise tax, i.e. the situation is paradoxical - the state does not encourage industry to produce high-quality fuel! If the company still produces highly acetan fuel, its price for consumers increases sharply compared to low-quality fuel. These are "grimaces" of unreasonable tax policy.
Fractional composition. Sometimes to improve low-temperature qualities, diesel fuel is diluted with kerosene, i.e., lighter oil fractions having a lower boiling point. The use of diluted kerosene fuel leads to increased flow and lower power, engines are tougher, reduced their resource. Especially sensitive to such fuel turbodiesels with direct injection.
Viscosity. This is another important parameter, the measure of "fatty" diesel fuel. The particles of viscous fuel are less spawned, that is, the shape of the sprayed torch is depends on this characteristic, and the flow of fuel combustion process depends on the form of the torch. The combustion process should go as evenly possible. This means that the temperature across the entire combustion chamber should be the same, without "cold" and "hot" zones. This in turn means a decrease in the level of toxicity of exhaust gases (OG) while maintaining other engine performance. The level of toxic nitrogen nitroles NOx increases when the combustion occurs at high temperatures, so the temperature drop reduces their content to the exhaust and extend the engine resource, since the "hot spots" generate the stress concentration zones. As a result of such overheating, pistons and sleeves can collapse. Unfortunately, the transition to a less viscous fuel along with positive effect Has negative consequences. To ensure the lubrication of the fuel equipment parts, the viscosity of diesel fuel should be no less than 1.3 CST. Excessively liquid fuel does not have sufficient viscosity to lubricate the parts of the fuel pump, and this may cause problems: the fuel pump may fail or wear the fuel pump parts - solid particles - fall into the fuel and damage the dignum of the power system, located after the pump. Both are undesirable.
Lubricating the ability and sulfur content. Fuel reduces the force of friction of parts in the fuel pumps and nozzles, as well as the piston of the cylinder mirror. Pollutants also reduce the lubrication capacity of the fuel. The water is particularly strong in this regard.
Solid particles can cause accelerated wear of parts and failure of the power system units. Methods for determining the lubricating fuel properties are not so deeply designed as it should be. There are two standard test techniques for this property: HFRR methods (possessive tests for high-frequency return forwarding) and SBLOCLE (friction of the ball in the cylinder), but none of the methods gives uniquely accurate results.
Studies have shown that the side effect of the hydrotreating processes used to remove sulfur compounds from the fuel is to reduce the content of the compounds on which the lubricant fuel properties depend. In Europe and the United States especially aggravated the problem of lubricating properties in last years In connection with the tightening of the rules of sulfur content in fuel: the number of faults immediately increased fuel pumps high pressure.
According to the Russian GOST, the sulfur content in the dieselopliva should not exceed 0.2%. European and Moscow city requirements are tougher - no more than 0.05%. Some domestic oil refineries have already begun the release of diesel fuel with a sulfur content of not more than 0.035%, however, it is believed that the Russian diesel fuel with a low sulfur content has a bad lubricating ability, and to compensate for this shortage, manufacturers introduce anti-wear additives into it.
Filtering coefficient. An exceptionally important parameter that characterizes the presence of mechanical impurities, water, resinous substances and paraffins, affecting the efficiency and reliability of fuel equipment. It is determined according to the degree of clogging of the tarized paper filter after passing through it 20 ml of fuel at atmospheric pressure. Under the Russian GOST, the coefficient of diesel fuel filtration must be at least 3.0. In diesel fuel of the highest grade, the filterness coefficient does not exceed 2.0. As you understand, especially sensitive to the purity of fuel diesel engines of foreign production. The service life of paper fuel filters is highly dependent on the degree of fuel pollution. According to some data, when the filterness coefficient changes from 3.0 to 2.0, the service life of the filters increases more than twice.
Foreign impurities in fuel. Some foreign substances are present in the fuel initially (for example, sulfur), others appear after oil refining. In diesel fuel can multiply microalgae and bacteria! If microorganisms are very multiplied, they can clog the fuel system and disable nozzles and pumps. This happens if the tanks of tankers do not pass regular processing. In the list of works performed when servicing fuel tanks, measures must necessarily provide measures to prevent the reproduction of microorganisms. And yet it should be accusing accurate before applying the means of destroying microorganisms that they will not affect the beneficial properties of diesel fuel.
Another substance that has a negative effect on the quality of diesel fuel is paraffin. It worsens the combustion and clogs the power system. To dissolve the paraffin into the diesel, alcohol is sometimes added, but it is not recommended to do it categorically! A mixture of alcohol with diesel fuel is explosive! In addition, the addition of a small amount of alcohol will worsen lubricating ability. It should also be noted that when adding alcohol, the cetane number of fuel increases.
The most common type of extraneous impurities is solid particles, such as dust. Dust can fall into fuel if you do not comply with the rules of operation of the tanker, for example, use a dirty stick as a fuel measuring probe.
In search of panacea. What measures are needed to prevent malfunctions of cars related to the use of fuel? How to build relationships with the company supplied fuel? The easiest way to insure from these problems is to clearly indicate in the contract that the supplier is responsible for the quality of the delivered (and not received at the oil refining factory!) Fuel. Many managers of parking technicians use this measure quite successfully. At the moment, suppliers of fuel value by customers, especially large, and are ready to take responsibility for quality, especially since good fuel is more expensive. In farms, which pay due attention to the quality of fuel, it is regularly tested in the laboratory and in the event of a non-thendition detection change the supplier.
If the fuel comes in low-quality and apply the measures described above is impossible, it will be difficult to "find the guilty" and everything can end with an unpleasant trial, after which, both parties will remain unsatisfied. It also happens that the fuel company does not have its own transport and uses the services of a third-party road carrier, which introduces an unknown term into this equation. The storage conditions of the fuel at the delivery site can also be unsatisfactory, and if tanks in which fuel are drained, poorly purified, the fuel will fall into the tanks of the machines already dirty.
In the desire to withstand market competition, minor fuel suppliers go for the supply of low-quality fuel. Even if the fuel is not contaminated, it may not comply with the requirements of the standard for other characteristics.
So, there is a lot of opportunities in which the fuel quality can worsen, and the output is to improve the quality of the fuel as close as possible by the time it is refueling in the tanks of the machines. To organize and monitor this process, the one who is most interested - the end user. There are two ways to solve the problem, and everyone has supporters and opponents. One method is filtering and separation, the second is the use of additives. We will consider these methods in the next article.
In the nutrition system of diesel engines, liquid fuels are used, which is obtained as a result of a direct distillation of oil at temperatures 230 ... 380 ˚С. Such fuel is called diesel fuel or diesel fuel.
To obtain the necessary properties to diesel fuel, the direct distillation add keroseinogazoile fractions of various technological processes Recycling oil and gas condensates.
In the motorists, diesel fuel is often called saloarBut little knows that the diesel fuel is its original name, because in the last century, a heavier fraction formed during oil distillation was called "Solyarol" (from the German "Solaröl" - "Sunny oil").
In the middle of the last century, in our country, a petroleum product was produced under the official name of the solarium oil used as fuel in the system of diesel engines with a low frequency of rotation of the crankshaft. Therefore, the name of diesel fuel "Smolyark", "Soynalar" is still used in conversational speech.
Of course, after almost a century, the requirements for the properties of modern diesel fuels differ from the properties of solar oil due to technical innovations in the development of the engine building, but, as often happens, the well-established name of the fuel for diesel engines is "Doodle" turned out to be very survivable.
Depending on the application conditions, three grades of diesel fuel are produced:
- L (summer) - for ambient temperature 0 ˚С and higher;
- H (winter) - for ambient temperature minus 20 ˚С and higher;
- A (arctic) - for ambient temperature minus 50 ˚С and higher.
These fuels differ among themselves with fractional composition, viscosity, density, frosted, turbidity temperatures and other indicators.
Due to the characteristics of the device for the supply system of diesel engines, the fuel for them must have good lubricant properties, sufficient pouring and especially filterness.
In accordance with the requirements of the Interstate Standard GOST 305-82, "diesel fuel. Technical conditions "(currently outdated) the kinematic viscosity of diesel fuel at 20 ° C. For summer varieties should be within 3.0 ... 6.0 CST (Santistoks), for winter varieties - 1.8 ... 5.0 CST, for arctic varieties - 1.5 ... 4.0 CST.
The specified standard also requires the lack of water in all fuel brands. Water that fell into diesel fuel is peeling during storage and accumulates at the bottom, since diesel fuel has a smaller density. If water enters the diesel power system, the engine stalls and to bring it into the working condition, careful cleaning of fuel lines and system devices is required.
Since 2005, in Russia there is a new state standard for diesel fuel - GOST R 52368-2005. It fully complies with the Specifications of the European Standard EN 590-2009 (or Euro-5En 590). According to the requirements of the new standard in diesel fuel, the sulfur content in the form of various sulfur compounds - mercaptans, sulphides, disulfides, etc. is ruling.
The decrease in the sulfur content in diesel fuel, as a rule, leads to a decrease in its lubricating qualities, so for diesel fuels with a very low content of sulfur compounds mandatory condition is the presence of lubricating additives.
Cetane number of diesel fuel
The main indicator of diesel fuel is a cetane number that characterizes the ability of fuel to ignition in the combustion chamber, i.e. its flammability. The cetane number is equal to the volumetric content of cetane in the mixture with α-methylnaftalin, which under standard conditions has the same flammability compared to the fuel under study.
Flash temperature for automotive diesel fuel should not be higher 70 ° C..
Flashing fluid flash - This is the minimum temperature at which the flammable liquid highlights a sufficient number of vapors in order to form a flammable mixture with air above the surface of a combustible fluid (under normal atmospheric pressure).
If the flammable fluid outlet temperature is above the maximum ambient temperature, the explosive mixture is not formed. It should be borne in mind that the outflow temperature of a mixture of various flammable liquids may be lower than the flare the flash of its individual components.
Flash temperature of diesel fuel can be in the range from 52 ° C. before 96 ° C. Depending on the type of engine, for which it applies and the conditions for its operation. Since diesel fuel is used in high compression engines, diesel fuel must have a high flare point and low self-ignition temperature.
The cetane number of fuel determines the power and economic indicators of the diesel engine.
The range of values \u200b\u200bof the cetane number of diesel fuels used in diesel engines varies from 40
before 55
. In fact, this figure means a segment of the time from supplying fuel into the cylinder to its ignition.
A higher cetane number means less ignition time, and, accordingly, the best combustion of fuel, which increases the ecology of the exhaust. However, if this indicator exceeds 60
The engine power growth does not occur.
The use of fuel with a low cetane number leads to an increased delay period or delayed self-ignition. In this case, a large mass of fuel accumulates in the combustion chamber, which then instantly burns (explosive burning).
Under these conditions, the pressure in the cylinder increases with a jump-like, diesel works hard (a metal knock is heard), as a result, the load on the indigenous bearings increases, their wear increases, which leads to premature bearing output.
With a normal cetane number, the period of delaying fuel ignition is small, it flammifies immediately at the inlet of the combustion chamber. The pressure in the cylinder increases smoothly, the engine works softly, without knocking and the combustion process in the cylinder is normal.
Diesel fuel with an extremely high cetane number (above 70...75 ) It does not have time to mix with air, the combustion process occurs with an insufficient amount of air, as a result of which the fuel tramples in the process of the working stroke, which falls the efficiency of the diesel engine, the smoky exhaust appears, the ink formation increases, etc.
Physical properties of diesel fuels
The physical properties of diesel fuel are regulated by the above GOST 305-82 mentioned above.
Summer diesel fuel
Summer diesel fuel should have a density no more 860 kg / m 3 62 ° C.. Frozen temperature should not be lower than minus 5 ° C..
Summer fuel is obtained by mixing rectangular, hydrotrified and secondary origin of hydrocarbon fractions with a booming temperature 180 ... 360 ° C.
Winter diesel fuel
Winter diesel fuel should have a density no more 840 kg / m 3 and flash temperature - plus 40 ° C.. The temperature of the frozen of winter diesel fuel should not exceed minus 35 ° C..
Receive winter diesel fuel mixing of rectangular, hydrotrified and secondary origin of hydrocarbon fractions with a booming temperature 180 ... 340 ° C.
Also, winter diesel fuel is obtained from summer diesel fuel by adding a special depressor additive, which reduces the temperature of the fuel frozen, by practically no affecting the temperature of the limiting filterness.
In the conditions of handicraft and private gas stations, most often winter diesel fuel is obtained by adding to summer diesel fuel to 20% kerosene, with the operational properties of fuel practically do not change.
Arctic diesel fuel
Arctic diesel fuel has no density 830 kg / m 3 and flash temperature - plus 35 ° C.. Temperature of soaring such fuel - not higher than minus 55 ° C..
It turns out the arctic fuel mixing of rectangular, hydrotrified and secondary origin of hydrocarbon fractions with a booming temperature 180 ... 320 ° C.
The boiling limits of the Arctic fuel approximately correspond to the binding limits of kerosene fractions, so this fuel is essentially weighted kerosene.
However, pure kerosene has a low cetane number ( 35-40
) and insufficient lubricants that is unacceptable for normal work TNLD and injectors, since the lubricating properties of diesel fuel are used to reduce friction in nodes and nutritional instruments.
To improve the lubricating properties of the Arctic diesel fuel, mineral motor oils and cetal additives.
There is another way to obtain arctic diesel fuel - dewaxing of summer diesel fuel, which requires the use of special equipment and is more expensive compared to the use of kerosene as an additive.
Diesel fuel density
An important physical property of diesel fuel is its density. The higher the fuel density, the greater the energy is produced in the process of its combustion and, accordingly, the indicators of efficiency and efficiency increase.
The car, seasoned with a more dense diesel fuel, has a larger stock of the engine time and running.
Usually the density of diesel fuel under normal conditions (at a plus temperature 20 ° C.) is within 0.825 ... 0.845 g / cm 3.
The density of diesel fuel, as well as other substances, depends on the temperature of the ambient air - with a decrease in temperature, the density increases, the fuel volume decreases (shrinkage occurs).
To determine the change in the volume of fuel at fluctuations in the temperature of the external environment in practice, it is possible to use a simple method described by the formula: "One liter for each ton of fuel when the temperature is changed for one degree." Of course, it should be borne in mind that with an increase in temperature, the volume increases, and with a decrease - decreases.
Designation and marking of diesel fuels
In 2011 within Technical Regulations The Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia adopted new designations of diesel fuel brands, which include the following signs of signs located in a certain sequence through a hyphen:
The first group: DT letters - diesel fuel for automotive diesel engines.
Second group: letters denoting climatic conditions
- L - summer (the temperature of the filterness is not determined);
- E - offseason ( -15 ° C.);
- W - winter (-20 ° С);
- A - Arctic (-38 ° С).
Third Group: Symbols denoting the ecological class of diesel fuel.
- K2 - the content of sulfur no more 500 mg / kg;
- K3 - sulfur content no more 350 mg / kg, (corresponds to GOST R 52368-2005 View I);
- K4 - sulfur content no more 50 mg / kg, (corresponds to GOST R 52368-2005 View II);
- K5 - sulfur content less than 1 0 mg / kg, (Corresponds to GOST R 52368-2005 View III).
Thus, a group of symbols of DT-Z-K5 according to TP TS 013/2011 Indicates diesel fuel automobile winter environmental class 5 (corresponds to Euro-5).
As a result of simultaneous use by manufacturers and consumers of two standards: GOST R 52368-2005 and TC TC 013/2011, - in the market of diesel fuel of the Russian Federation there was a mixture of concepts and designations. Therefore, the same fuel can be found under the designation of both grade F species III (in accordance with the Specification of Euro-5) and Dt-Z-K5. Many Russian manufacturers indicate both labeling in quality passports.
It should be noted that at present (from 2014) in Russia, the use of diesel fuel of the ecological class K2 is prohibited, from January 1, 2015, it was derived from the conversion of class K3 fuel, and from January 1, 2016, the release and The circulation of diesel fuel of the environmental class is not lower than K5.
From July 1, 2014, GOST R 55475-2013 "Fuel Diesel Winter and Arctic Deparaffined" was introduced in Russia. This fuel is made using the modern method of catalytic dewaxing. In accordance with this GOST, diesel fuel for districts with a cold climate is indicated as follows:
- 32 ° C.;
- Dt-Z-K3 (K4, K5) - for temperature up to minus 38 ° C.;
- 44 ° C.;
- DT-A-K3 (K4, K5) - for temperature up minus 48 ° C.;
- DT-A-K3 (K4, K5) - for temperature up minus 52 ° C..
In this case, the release and use of diesel fuel according to GOST R 52368-2005 is not limited.
According to the United Nations, the system of classification of dangerous goods, diesel fuels belong to the subclass 3.3 of the third hazard class (flammable liquids) and have a sequence number in the system - 1202
.
The sample design of the sign of danger, installed on vehicles carrying diesel fuel, is shown on figure 1..
Modern labeling of diesel fuel
Old GOST 305-52, which acted from the middle of the last century, provided for a simple classification of diesel fuel on the brands: summer fuel, winter diesel fuel and arctic fuel. Currently, diesel fuel varieties are marked according to GOST R 52368-2005, developed in accordance with European EURO 5 standards, namely, the Specifications EN 590. These standards are given more attention to the indicators of the mass fraction of sulfur in the diesel population.
The diesel fuel is made by winter and summer varieties, marked on gray and, in addition, summer - on the outbreak temperature, winter - for the temperature of frozen.
Designation of diesel fuel brands begins, as a rule, with one of three letters: L (summer), 3 (winter) or a (arctic).
Then there is a number 0.2, 0.4 or 0.5, denoting the maximum allowable sulfur content in percent. Next comes a digit, which for summer diesel fuel characterizes the flash temperature in a closed crucible, and for the winter - the temperature of the frozen.
In order to eliminate the mistakes "minus" before the temperature value is written in a word, and not the sign "-".
Types of diesel fuel
Currently, in Russia and abroad, you can find various labeling of diesel fuel, not always comfortable for understanding. AT table 1. The most common types of diesel fuel, decoding their designation and labeling, as well as the description of properties and physical characteristics.
Table 1. Types of diesel fuel and its marking
Fuel type and its marking |
Characteristic of fuel |
|
| Diesel fuel L-0.2-40 |
Summer Diesel L-0.2-40 |
Summer diesel fuel for autotractor diesel engines. It has boiling borders from 180 ° C to 360 ° C. The frosted temperature is not higher than minus 10 ° C, the clouding temperature is minus 5 ° C, its use is possible at air temperatures above 0 ° C. Sulfur content no more than 0.2%. Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C can vary from 3 to 6 centistox. Flash temperature in a closed crucible - not lower than + 40 ° C. |
| Diesel fuel L-0.5-40 |
Summer Diesel L-0.5-40 |
The indicators are the same as L-0.2-40, but the content of sulfur is no more than 0.5%. |
| Diesel fuel L-0.2-62. |
Summer Diesel L-0.2-62 |
Summer diesel fuel for small and medium-turn diesel and ship diesel enginesThe same indicators have the same indicators that L-0.2-40, but the flare point in the closed crucible is not lower than + 62 ° C. |
| Diesel fuel L-0.5-62. |
Summer Diesel L-0.5-62 |
The indicators are the same as L-0.2-62, but the content of sulfur is not more than 0.5%. |
| Diesel fuel A-0.2. |
Arctic Diesel A-0.2. |
Arctic diesel fuel. It has boiling borders from 180 ° C to 330 ° C. Frozen temperature - no higher than minus 55 ° C, its use is possible at air temperatures above minus 50 ° C. Sulfur content - no more than 0.2%. Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C may vary from 1.5 to 4 centistox. The outflow temperature in a closed crucible for A-0.2, intended for small and medium-round diesel engines and ship diesel engines, not lower than + 35 ° C, for automotive diesel engines - not lower than + 30 ° C. A-0.2 cannot contain more than 0.01 mercaptan sulfur. |
| Diesel fuel A-0.4. |
Arctic Diesel A-0.4. |
Arctic diesel fuel. Indicators are the same as A - 0.2, but the content of sulfur is not more than 0.4%. |
| Arctic environmentally friendly diesel fuel | ARCTIC DIESEL ECOLOGICALY SAFE | The indicators are the same as A-0.2, but the sulfur content is not more than 0.05% for the fuel I of the form and not more than 0.1% - for fuel II type. |
| Diesel fuel DLUCH | Diesel Summer Ecologicaly Safe | Distefully summer, environmentally friendly. It is manufactured by the hydrocracking method, has a boiling boundary from 180 ° C to 360 ° C. It has an increased value of the cetane number, which should be at least 53. The frost temperature is not higher than minus 10 ° C, the clouding temperature is minus 5 ° C, the use of DLRC is possible at air temperatures above 0 ° C. The content of sulfur is not more than 0.05% for fuel I type and no more than 0.1% for fuel II type. Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° can vary from 3 to 6 centistox. Flash temperature in a closed crucible is not lower than + 65 ° C. Density at 20 ° C no more than 0.845 g / cm 3. |
| Diesel fuel | Winter Diesel Dzp. | Disatolly winter with a depressor additive. It is manufactured on the basis of summer diesel fuel L-0.2-40 or L-0.5-40, the temperature of which is reduced by adding the depressor additive. It has boiling borders from 180 ° C to 360 ° C. The frosted temperature is not higher than minus 35 ° C, the turbidity temperature is minus 5 ° C, the use of DZP is possible at air temperatures above minus 15 ° C. Sulfur content is not more than 0.2% for fuel I type and no more than 0.5% for fuel II type. Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C can vary from 3 to 6 centistox. Flash temperature in a closed crucible is not lower than + 40 ° C. Density at 20 ° C no more than 0.86 g / cm 3. |
| Diesel fuel DZE | Winter Diesel (Export Grade) | Winter export diesel fuel. It has boiling borders from 180 ° C to 360 ° C. May contain depressor additives. Frozen temperature - no higher than minus 35 ° C, the use of DZE is possible at air temperatures above minus 30 ° C. Sulfur content - no more than 0.2%. Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C may vary from 2.7 to 6 centistox. Flash temperature in a closed crucible is not lower than + 60 ° C. Density at 20 ° C - no more than 0.845 g / cm 3. |
| Dyatoloil Dre. | Summer Diesel (Export Grade) | Distefully summer export. It has boiling borders from 180 ° C to 340 ° C. The frosted temperature is not higher than minus 10 ° C, the turbidity temperature is minus 5 ° C, the use of DLE is possible at air temperatures above 0 ° C. Sulfur content no more than 0.2%. Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C can vary from 3 to 6 centistox. Flash temperature in a closed crucible is not lower than + 65 ° C. Density at 20 ° C not more than 0.845 g / cm 3. |
| Diesel fuel 3-0.2 minus 35. |
Winter Diesel Z-0.2 Minus 35 |
Winter diesel fuel. It has boiling borders from 180 ° C to 340 ° C. The frosted temperature is not higher than minus 35 ° C, the turbidity temperature is minus 25 ° C, its use is possible at air temperature above minus 20 ° C. Sulfur content no more than 0.2%. Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C may vary from 1.8 to 5 centistox. Flash temperature in a closed crucible for 3-0.2, intended for little and medium-round diesel locomotive and ship diesel engines, not lower than + 40 ° C, for autootractor diesel engines not lower than + 35 ° C. |
| Diesel fuel 3-0.5 minus 35. |
Winter Diesel Z-0.5 Minus 35 |
Indicators are the same as 3-0.2 minus 35, but the content of sulfur is not more than 0.5%. |
| Diesel fuel 3-0.2 minus 45. |
Winter Diesel Z-0.2 minus 45 |
The indicators are the same as in 3-0.2 minus 35, but the temperature of the frost is not higher than minus 45 ° C, the cloudy temperature is not higher than 35 ° C and its use is possible at air temperature above minus 30 ° C. |
| Diesel fuel 3-0.5 minus 45 | Winter Diesel Z-0.5 Minus 45 | The indicators are the same as 3-0.2 minus 45, but the content of sulfur is no more than 0.5%. |
| Disatively small-sized №2 | Low Sulphur №2 OIL | It is produced and consumed in the US market. The content of sulfur is not higher than 0.05%. The cetane number, depending on the region, varies from 40 to 45. The density at 20 ° C is 0.87 g / cm 3. Flash temperature in a closed crucible at least 54 ° C. |
| Diesel fuel "gom" | Gasoil Motuer. | French winter diesel fuel. The cetane number for automotive diesel fuel is 48, and for stove fuels with the same name - 40. The sulfur content is not more than 0.3%. |
| Disatoral "Japan-A" | Gasoil Japan-A | The fuel consists of gas oil catalytic cracking and hydrocracking. Sulfur content - up to 0.5%. Perpeneum temperature is minus 5 ° C for the summer type of fuel and minus 10 ° C for the winter view. Cetane number is not lower than 45. |
| Disatoral "Jipan-B" | Gasoil Japan-in | The fuel consists only light gas oil atmospheric distillation. Sulfur content - up to 0.5%. Perpeneum temperature is minus 5 ° C for the summer type of fuel and minus 10 ° C for the winter view. Cetane number is not lower than 50. |
| Disatoral "Singapore Regular" | Gasoil Singapore Regular 0.5PCT, Gasoil Singapore Regular 1.0pct |
Diesel fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% or 1% depending on the brand. Perpeneum temperature - from + 6 ° C to + 15 ° C. Kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C may vary from 1.8 to 5.5 centistox. The cetane number is 48. The density is usually equal to 0.845 g / cm 3. |
The cost of diesel fuel
The cost of diesel fuel in different countries can vary in fairly wide limits, and it depends 
From its own oil resources and capacity for their processing, tax fees and subsidies, as well as from the country's economic welfare.
In countries with developed economies and high level of population, the price of any fuel, including diesel, is significantly higher than in underdeveloped countries and countries producing and exporting oil. A certain exception is the United States, where prices for petroleum products, despite the rich economy, relatively low.
The average price of diesel fuel worldwide (at the end of September 2016) is 0,86
Dollars (American) per liter.
Of course, the price of diesel fuel different marks And the varieties can differ significantly from the base.
As an example below average cost diesel fuel in individual countries (in American dollars per liter):
- Iran - 0.10 USD.
- Saudi Arabia - 0.19 USD.
- Kazakhstan - 0.36 USD.
- Russia - 0.54 USD.
- Belarus - 0.61 USD.
- USA - 0.62 USD.
- Ukraine - 0.70 USD
- China - 0.83 USD.
- Australia - 0.93 USD.
- Germany - 1.23 USD.
- France - 1.25 USD.
- Israel - 1.51 USD.
- Norway - 1.61 USD.
In our country, you can navigate the price of diesel fuel in the metropolitan region and Moscow - here (as of the end of September 2016) Wholesale price for diesel fuel is 28…32,5 Rubble, Retail - on average 35 rubles per liter.
Thanks modern means Information communications to buy diesel fuel of any quality and in any quantity can be used by suppliers offering oil products via the Internet.
